Objective： Sepsis remains a leading cause of death in many Intensive Care Units worldwide, lmmunosuppression has been a primary locus of sepsis research as a key pathophysiological mechanism. Given the important role...Objective： Sepsis remains a leading cause of death in many Intensive Care Units worldwide, lmmunosuppression has been a primary locus of sepsis research as a key pathophysiological mechanism. Given the important role of the negative costimulatory molecules programmed cell death-1 （PD-1） and programmed death-ligand 1 （PD-LI） in the occurrence of immunosuppression during sepsis, we reviewed literatures related to the PD-1/PD-L 1 pathway to examine its potential as a new target for sepsis treatment. Data Sources： Studies of the association between PD-I/PD-LI and sepsis published tip to January 31, 2017, were obtained by searching tile PubMed database. Study Selection： English language studies, including those based on animal models, clinical research, and reviews, with data related to PD- 1/PD-L I and sepsis, were evaluated. Results： lmmunomodulatory therapeutics could reverse the deactivation of immune cells caused by sepsis and restore immune cell activation and function. Blockade of＇the PD-1/PD-LI pathway could reduce the exhaustion ofT-cells and enhance the proliferation and activation ofT-cells. Conclusions： The anti-PD- I/PD-L 1 pathway shows promise as a new target for sepsis treatment. This review provides a basis for clinical trials and Iiiture studies aimed at revaluating the efficacy and safety of this targeted approach.展开更多
In recent years,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have made breakthroughs in the field of lung cancer and have become a focal point for research.Programmed death-1(PD-1)or programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)inhibitor mon...In recent years,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have made breakthroughs in the field of lung cancer and have become a focal point for research.Programmed death-1(PD-1)or programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)inhibitor monotherapy was the first to break the treatment pattern for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However,owing to the limited benefit of ICI monotherapy at the population level and its hyper-progressive phenomenon,it may not meet clinical needs.To expand the beneficial range of immunotherapy and improve its efficacy,several research strategies have adopted the use of combination immunotherapy.At present,multiple strategies,such as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy,anti-angiogenic therapy,cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 inhibitors,and radiotherapy,as well as combined treatment with new target drugs,have been evaluated for clinical practice.To further understand the current status and future development direction of immunotherapy,herein,we review the recent progress of ICI combination therapies for NSCLC.展开更多
文摘Objective： Sepsis remains a leading cause of death in many Intensive Care Units worldwide, lmmunosuppression has been a primary locus of sepsis research as a key pathophysiological mechanism. Given the important role of the negative costimulatory molecules programmed cell death-1 （PD-1） and programmed death-ligand 1 （PD-LI） in the occurrence of immunosuppression during sepsis, we reviewed literatures related to the PD-1/PD-L 1 pathway to examine its potential as a new target for sepsis treatment. Data Sources： Studies of the association between PD-I/PD-LI and sepsis published tip to January 31, 2017, were obtained by searching tile PubMed database. Study Selection： English language studies, including those based on animal models, clinical research, and reviews, with data related to PD- 1/PD-L I and sepsis, were evaluated. Results： lmmunomodulatory therapeutics could reverse the deactivation of immune cells caused by sepsis and restore immune cell activation and function. Blockade of＇the PD-1/PD-LI pathway could reduce the exhaustion ofT-cells and enhance the proliferation and activation ofT-cells. Conclusions： The anti-PD- I/PD-L 1 pathway shows promise as a new target for sepsis treatment. This review provides a basis for clinical trials and Iiiture studies aimed at revaluating the efficacy and safety of this targeted approach.
基金the Special Project for Significant New Drug Research and Development in the Major National Science and Technology Projects of China(No.2020ZX09201-024).
文摘In recent years,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have made breakthroughs in the field of lung cancer and have become a focal point for research.Programmed death-1(PD-1)or programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)inhibitor monotherapy was the first to break the treatment pattern for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However,owing to the limited benefit of ICI monotherapy at the population level and its hyper-progressive phenomenon,it may not meet clinical needs.To expand the beneficial range of immunotherapy and improve its efficacy,several research strategies have adopted the use of combination immunotherapy.At present,multiple strategies,such as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy,anti-angiogenic therapy,cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 inhibitors,and radiotherapy,as well as combined treatment with new target drugs,have been evaluated for clinical practice.To further understand the current status and future development direction of immunotherapy,herein,we review the recent progress of ICI combination therapies for NSCLC.
