Diplodia tip blight,caused by Diplodia sapinea,is a global pine necrotic disease causing heavy economic losses to the pine industry.Chemical control,its main current management,easily induces pathogen resistance and e...Diplodia tip blight,caused by Diplodia sapinea,is a global pine necrotic disease causing heavy economic losses to the pine industry.Chemical control,its main current management,easily induces pathogen resistance and environmental pollution,which biological control avoids.This study investigated juniper essential oil’s efficacy against the disease on Mongolian Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)and its induced resistance mechanisms via pot experiments,physiological assays(defense enzyme activities,resistant substances)and metabolomic sequencing(secondary metabolites).Results showed varied efficacy:three foliar sprays of 10μL mL^(-1) oil achieved the best control phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),polyphenol oxidase(82.9%).The 20μL mL^(-1) treatment significantly increased(PPO)activities,and contents of lignin,flavonoids and total phenolics.Metabolomic analysis showed 326 upregulated and 527 downregulated different metabolites in essential oilinduced and pathogen-inoculated pines,compared to 483 upregulated and 277 downregulated metabolites in noninduced but inoculated pines.The differentially expressed metabolites in treated pines were primarily enriched in pathways related to amino acid metabolism and plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis,with notably increased expression levels of ferulic acid,scopoletin,pipecolic acid,D-proline,and DL-arginine.Therefore,juniper essential oil protects against D.sapinea by inducing systemic acquired resistance in Mongolian Scots pine.In conclusion,juniper essential oil controls D.sapinea by inducing systemic acquired resistance(SAR)in Mongolian Scots pine,clarifying the molecular mechanism and supporting biological control of the disease.展开更多
Peanut(Arachis hypogaea),which is widely cultivated across the world,provides high-quality vegetable oil,protein,dietary fiber,minerals,and vitamins for humans.However,in field conditions,the peanut is easily affected...Peanut(Arachis hypogaea),which is widely cultivated across the world,provides high-quality vegetable oil,protein,dietary fiber,minerals,and vitamins for humans.However,in field conditions,the peanut is easily affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses.Diplodia gossypina is the dominant pathogen causing severe collar rot on peanuts.To dissect the pathogenic mechanism of D.gossypina,genome sequencing analysis was performed by using the D.gossypina strain A20_4.The sequencing data showed that the genome assembly size of D.gossypina A20_4 is 43.03 Mb with a GC content of 54.91%.The de novo assembly identified a total of 10,745 genes,containing 41,526 coding sequences and 2.20%of repeat sequences,of which 6,461 genes(60.13%)were annotated using BlastP from GO annotation,3,245 genes(30.20%)and 3,093 genes(28.79%)were annotated from KOG and KEGG annotations,respectively.Meanwhile,the secreted proteins and effectors in 10,745 protein sequences encoded by the whole genome of D.gossypina A20_4 were analyzed,and the results showed that there are 790 secreted protein genes including 220 carbohydrate-active enzymes and 224 potential effector proteins.The functions of 222 potential effector proteins can be annotated by PHI-base.According to the annotation results,12 key pathogenic factors were identified in D.gossypina A20_4.Moreover,a serine/threonine protein kinase SNF1 gene required for autophagy process was identified and analyzed.Deciphering the whole genome of D.gossypina A20_4 provides us with novel insights into understanding evolution,pathogenic molecular mechanism,host-pathogen interaction,and many other complexities of the pathogen.展开更多
In Bazhong City,Sichuan Province,China,top dieback symptoms were found on many pine trees(Pinus thunbergii Parl).The tips of old needles first turned grayish-green and then developed into brown bands in the field.Phyl...In Bazhong City,Sichuan Province,China,top dieback symptoms were found on many pine trees(Pinus thunbergii Parl).The tips of old needles first turned grayish-green and then developed into brown bands in the field.Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated ITS and EF1-αindicated the pathogen of this dieback disease as Diplodia neojuniperi.Additionally,effects of temperature,pH and medium on the mycelial growth were also characterized.The most favorable temperature and pH level for mycelial growth are 25°C and 8,respectively.The optimal medium for mycelial growth is PDA medium.To our knowledge,this is the first report of D.neojuniperi causes Diplodia top dieback on Pinus thunbergii.Our results provide fundamental information for monitoring and preventing such disease in the future.展开更多
The diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with“Botryosphaeria dieback”of grapevine was investigated in 18 vineyards in Sardinia,Italy.Lasiodiplodia isolates obtained from different woody hosts including...The diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with“Botryosphaeria dieback”of grapevine was investigated in 18 vineyards in Sardinia,Italy.Lasiodiplodia isolates obtained from different woody hosts including holm oak,sweet orange and broom bush in Italy,Algeria and Tunisia were also characterized.Morphological and cultural characteristics as well as ITS and EF1-αsequence data were used to identify the fungal isolates.Forty-eight botryosphaeriaceous isolates were obtained from 113 symptomatic grapevine samples,from which ten species were identified.Diplodia seriata was the dominant species(25%of isolates),followed by Neofusicoccum parvum(21.7%).Two species,Diplodia olivarum and D.africana are reported for the first time on grapevine.In addition,two new species namely Lasiodiplodia mediterranea sp.nov.from grapevine,holm oak and sweet orange and Lasiodiplodia exigua sp.nov.from broom bush are described.In artificial inoculation experiments conducted on excised green grapevine shoots and lignified canes as well as holm oak seedlings,L.mediterranea was shown to be an aggressive pathogen.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1401005).
文摘Diplodia tip blight,caused by Diplodia sapinea,is a global pine necrotic disease causing heavy economic losses to the pine industry.Chemical control,its main current management,easily induces pathogen resistance and environmental pollution,which biological control avoids.This study investigated juniper essential oil’s efficacy against the disease on Mongolian Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)and its induced resistance mechanisms via pot experiments,physiological assays(defense enzyme activities,resistant substances)and metabolomic sequencing(secondary metabolites).Results showed varied efficacy:three foliar sprays of 10μL mL^(-1) oil achieved the best control phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),polyphenol oxidase(82.9%).The 20μL mL^(-1) treatment significantly increased(PPO)activities,and contents of lignin,flavonoids and total phenolics.Metabolomic analysis showed 326 upregulated and 527 downregulated different metabolites in essential oilinduced and pathogen-inoculated pines,compared to 483 upregulated and 277 downregulated metabolites in noninduced but inoculated pines.The differentially expressed metabolites in treated pines were primarily enriched in pathways related to amino acid metabolism and plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis,with notably increased expression levels of ferulic acid,scopoletin,pipecolic acid,D-proline,and DL-arginine.Therefore,juniper essential oil protects against D.sapinea by inducing systemic acquired resistance in Mongolian Scots pine.In conclusion,juniper essential oil controls D.sapinea by inducing systemic acquired resistance(SAR)in Mongolian Scots pine,clarifying the molecular mechanism and supporting biological control of the disease.
基金The Major Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(Grant No.201300111000)The Basic scientific Research Project of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.2022ZC37,2023ZC46)。
文摘Peanut(Arachis hypogaea),which is widely cultivated across the world,provides high-quality vegetable oil,protein,dietary fiber,minerals,and vitamins for humans.However,in field conditions,the peanut is easily affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses.Diplodia gossypina is the dominant pathogen causing severe collar rot on peanuts.To dissect the pathogenic mechanism of D.gossypina,genome sequencing analysis was performed by using the D.gossypina strain A20_4.The sequencing data showed that the genome assembly size of D.gossypina A20_4 is 43.03 Mb with a GC content of 54.91%.The de novo assembly identified a total of 10,745 genes,containing 41,526 coding sequences and 2.20%of repeat sequences,of which 6,461 genes(60.13%)were annotated using BlastP from GO annotation,3,245 genes(30.20%)and 3,093 genes(28.79%)were annotated from KOG and KEGG annotations,respectively.Meanwhile,the secreted proteins and effectors in 10,745 protein sequences encoded by the whole genome of D.gossypina A20_4 were analyzed,and the results showed that there are 790 secreted protein genes including 220 carbohydrate-active enzymes and 224 potential effector proteins.The functions of 222 potential effector proteins can be annotated by PHI-base.According to the annotation results,12 key pathogenic factors were identified in D.gossypina A20_4.Moreover,a serine/threonine protein kinase SNF1 gene required for autophagy process was identified and analyzed.Deciphering the whole genome of D.gossypina A20_4 provides us with novel insights into understanding evolution,pathogenic molecular mechanism,host-pathogen interaction,and many other complexities of the pathogen.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China 31800543(X.D).
文摘In Bazhong City,Sichuan Province,China,top dieback symptoms were found on many pine trees(Pinus thunbergii Parl).The tips of old needles first turned grayish-green and then developed into brown bands in the field.Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated ITS and EF1-αindicated the pathogen of this dieback disease as Diplodia neojuniperi.Additionally,effects of temperature,pH and medium on the mycelial growth were also characterized.The most favorable temperature and pH level for mycelial growth are 25°C and 8,respectively.The optimal medium for mycelial growth is PDA medium.To our knowledge,this is the first report of D.neojuniperi causes Diplodia top dieback on Pinus thunbergii.Our results provide fundamental information for monitoring and preventing such disease in the future.
基金Antonio Deidda and Bruno Scanu gratefully acknowledge Sardinia Regional Government for the financial support of the PhD scholarship and research grant,respectively(P.O.R.Sardegna F.S.E.Operational Programme of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia,European Social Fund 2007–2013-Axis IV Human Resources,Objective l.3,Line of Activity l.3.1.).
文摘The diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with“Botryosphaeria dieback”of grapevine was investigated in 18 vineyards in Sardinia,Italy.Lasiodiplodia isolates obtained from different woody hosts including holm oak,sweet orange and broom bush in Italy,Algeria and Tunisia were also characterized.Morphological and cultural characteristics as well as ITS and EF1-αsequence data were used to identify the fungal isolates.Forty-eight botryosphaeriaceous isolates were obtained from 113 symptomatic grapevine samples,from which ten species were identified.Diplodia seriata was the dominant species(25%of isolates),followed by Neofusicoccum parvum(21.7%).Two species,Diplodia olivarum and D.africana are reported for the first time on grapevine.In addition,two new species namely Lasiodiplodia mediterranea sp.nov.from grapevine,holm oak and sweet orange and Lasiodiplodia exigua sp.nov.from broom bush are described.In artificial inoculation experiments conducted on excised green grapevine shoots and lignified canes as well as holm oak seedlings,L.mediterranea was shown to be an aggressive pathogen.
