The ongoing development of small molecule drugs underscores the urgent need for novel excipients to formulate poorly soluble drug candidates.Cucurbit[7]uril(CB[7])possesses high binding affinities for a variety of mol...The ongoing development of small molecule drugs underscores the urgent need for novel excipients to formulate poorly soluble drug candidates.Cucurbit[7]uril(CB[7])possesses high binding affinities for a variety of molecular vips.However,its moderate water solubility limits broader application.Here we report the synthesis of three CB[7]derivatives M1-M3 by modifying an average of 4.2,5.5,and 5.9 sulfonatopropoxy groups onto their"equator"carbons.Compared to CB[7],their water-solubility increased by at least 26.6-,23.6-,and 19.2-fold,respectively,while the maximum tolerated doses(MTD)of M1 and M2 improved by 2.5-and 2.3-fold.Phase solubility diagram studies demonstrate that M1 and M2 significantly enhance the water-solubility of eighteen poorly soluble drugs.In vivo experiments in rat complete Freund's arthritis reveal that M1 not only improves the anti-inflammatory efficacy of indomethacin by up to 52%,but also substantially reduces its side effect of gastric ulcer.展开更多
The cross-photodimerization often comes with the formation of undesired and competitive homophotodimer as side products.Herein,we report a series of highly selective[4+4]cross-photodimerization between anthracene and ...The cross-photodimerization often comes with the formation of undesired and competitive homophotodimer as side products.Herein,we report a series of highly selective[4+4]cross-photodimerization between anthracene and 4a-azoniaanthracene derivatives within a cucurbit[10]uril(CB[10])host in water.Heteroternary inclusion complexes were formed through encapsulation of donor(D1-D2,anthracene derivative)and acceptor(A1-A3,4a-azoniaanthracene derivatives)pairs in CB[10].In the presence of CB[10](1.0 equiv.),the[4+4]cross-photodimerization between D1 and A1/A2/A3 efficiently gave a single racemic cross-photodimer.Furthermore,the cross-photodimerization between 9-substituted anthracene D2 and A1/A3 was catalyzed by CB[10](0.1 equiv.)to quantitatively yield a cross-photodimer with high regioselectivity.Efficient formation of selective cross-photodimers could be attributed to the exclusive encapsulation of D-A hetero-vip pairs in CB[10]and the confinement effect of the CB[10]host cavity.Our study further proves host–vip complexation as a powerful strategy for cross-cycloaddition reactions with high efficiency.展开更多
Selective separation of amino acids and proteins is crucial in various areas of research,including proteomics,protein structure and function studies,protein purification and drug development,and biosensing and biodete...Selective separation of amino acids and proteins is crucial in various areas of research,including proteomics,protein structure and function studies,protein purification and drug development,and biosensing and biodetection.A nanocomposite film is formed by combining layer-by-layer self-assembled gold nanospheres(Au NPs)driven by cucurbit[7]uril(CB[7])and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)film.Due to the host-vip interactions,the selective transmission of l-tryptophan in the nanocomposite film is confirmed by the current-voltage measurements using a picoammeter.Furthermore,by adjusting the particle size of Au NPs to increase channel size,lysozyme containing multiple tryptophan residues can selectively pass through the nanocomposite film,indicating the high versatility and adaptability of the nanocomposite film.This study will provide a new direction for the selective separation of amino acids and proteins.展开更多
Pyridine(Py) and 3-methylpyridine(3-MP) are crucial intermediates in chemical industrial processes.Here,we provide a simple and energy-efficient approach for the isolation of Py and 3-MP by employing crystalline cucur...Pyridine(Py) and 3-methylpyridine(3-MP) are crucial intermediates in chemical industrial processes.Here,we provide a simple and energy-efficient approach for the isolation of Py and 3-MP by employing crystalline cucurbit[6]uril(Q[6]).The crystal exhibit high selectivity for Py from the mixture of Py and 3-MP in both vapor and liquid phases,with separation purities close to 100%.The selectivity is attributed to the varying stability of the host-vip complexes after the absorption of Py or 3-MP,as revealed by the single-crystal structure analysis.ITC experimental results and DFT calculations indicate that,compared to3-MP,Q[6] has a higher binding strength and lower binding energy with Py.In addition,pyridine can be removed from the Q[6] cavity through vacuum heating or organic solvent immersion,enabling Q[6]reuse via reversible vip loading.This method offers a promising approach for high-purity Py and 3-MP separation with significant economic and environmental benefits.展开更多
Host-vip recognition-based macrocycle in macrocycle to form"Russian doll"assemblies remains an interesting topic in supramolecular chemistry.Herein,a macrocycle-in-macrocycle assembly was studied using cuc...Host-vip recognition-based macrocycle in macrocycle to form"Russian doll"assemblies remains an interesting topic in supramolecular chemistry.Herein,a macrocycle-in-macrocycle assembly was studied using cucurbit[10]uril(Q[10])and the smallest cucurbituril-like macrocycle(TD[4]).X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed that TD[4]was encapsulated in the cavity of Q[10]to form a 1:1 complex.Importantly,competitive vip studies suggested that TD[4]had the highest binding constant with the Q[10]host among the vips used,including Q[5],Me_(8)TD[4],and amantadine molecules in water.Our results provided a new cucurbituril-based Russian-doll structure containing both the largest and smallest cavities of the cucurbiturils,which expanded the family of molecular Russian dolls.展开更多
New fabrication method of nanostructures is of great importance for the applications of nanoscience and nanotechnology.This review summarizes cucurbit[n]uril(CB[n])-based nanostructure fabrication and modification app...New fabrication method of nanostructures is of great importance for the applications of nanoscience and nanotechnology.This review summarizes cucurbit[n]uril(CB[n])-based nanostructure fabrication and modification approaches.These strategies include the use of CB[n]s as building blocks and supramolecular crosslinkers to fabricate nanostructures,to surface modify nanostructures,and as gatekeepers to control the release of encapsulated cargo.These nanostructures are used for drug delivery,bioimaging,chemical sensing,catalysis and other applications.CB[n]s often play a vital role in the fabrication of these nanos-tructures,and the realization of the applications.展开更多
Thispaper has investigated the coordination and supramolecular assemblies of alkali metal ions,cucurbit[5]uril(Q[5]),and[CdCl_(4)]^(2-)to confirm whether[CdCl_(4)]^(2-)can produce the“honeycomb effect”,induce coordi...Thispaper has investigated the coordination and supramolecular assemblies of alkali metal ions,cucurbit[5]uril(Q[5]),and[CdCl_(4)]^(2-)to confirm whether[CdCl_(4)]^(2-)can produce the“honeycomb effect”,induce coordination of alkali metal ions to Q[5],and form linear coordination polymers.In this work,the effect of alkali metal ions on the construction of Q[5]-Cd^(2+)ion system under acidic conditions was investigated.Five complexes were successfully obtained by solvent evaporation method.Among the five crystal structures obtained,it can be observed that the presence of[CdCl_(4)]^(2-)did not result in the complexation of alkali metal ions by the Q[5]molecule.Instead,a bowl-like Cd^(2+)@Q[5]complex was formed.Indeed,[CdCl_(4)]^(2-)did not produce the honeycomb effect but led to the formation of Q[5]-based honeycomb frameworks with hexagonal cellsoccupied by[CdCl_(4)]^(2-).The experimental results show that cadmium ion showed stronger ability to coordinate to Q[5]in HCl solution.展开更多
The paper was to explore the effect of trace and secondary elements on scab of cucurbits （ Cladosporium cucumerinum） and their effects on enzyme activities of cucumber plants. [ Method ] Indoor antifungd experiment ...The paper was to explore the effect of trace and secondary elements on scab of cucurbits （ Cladosporium cucumerinum） and their effects on enzyme activities of cucumber plants. [ Method ] Indoor antifungd experiment and pot test was carried out to study the control effect of different trace and secondary dements on scab of cucu.rbits; after trace and secondary element compounds were sprayed for 7 d, the content of soluble protein and malondialdehyde （MDA） and the activities of peroxidase （POD） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） of cucumber leaves during seedling stage were simultaneously detected. [ Result] The inhibi- tion effects on scab of cucurbits were found in the three trace and secondary dements, especially for the CaC12 （66.9%）, and about 54.6% and 24.1% for ZnSO4 and H3 BO3 , respectively. When cucumber plants were infected by scab of cuea.rbits, the contents of MDA for all treatments were significantly decreased in cucum- ber leaves after spraying the three trace and secondary elements compared with control. The contents of soluble protein in cucumber seedling were increased by Zn- SO4 and H3 BO3 application, while the contents of POD and SOD were increased on ZnSO4 and CaCI2 treatments. The defense system of cucumber was induced and strengthened by application of the three trace and secondary elements. [ Conclusion ] The results provided the theoretical basis for practical application and research on resistance mechanism of using trace and secondary dements to control scab of eueurbits.展开更多
A linear supramolecular polymer with controllable features based on twisted cucurbit[14]uril(tQ[14])and cucurbit[8]uril(Q[8])was firstly fabricated via an effective self-sorting strategy.Herein we designed a monomer,1...A linear supramolecular polymer with controllable features based on twisted cucurbit[14]uril(tQ[14])and cucurbit[8]uril(Q[8])was firstly fabricated via an effective self-sorting strategy.Herein we designed a monomer,1–butyl–1?-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-4,4?-bipyridinium bromide(BNB),that contains bipyridyl,aliphatic butyl and aromatic naphthyl groups,simultaneously.Two host molecules,tQ[14]and Q[8]were employed to develop an effective strategy for constructing a linear supramolecular polymer with con-trollable features.The alkyl groups on both sides of BNB could insert into the two cavities of tQ[14],the naphthyl part of BNB viaπ-πstacking in Q[8]cavity,serving as the driving force for supramolecular polymerization.Through self-sorting of the monomer,tQ[14]and Q[8],led to the formation of the linear supramolecular polymer.Depolymerization could be achieved by addition of adamantane hydrochloride(AH)which driven two BNB vip molecules out of the Q[8]cavity.This self-sorting strategy has great potential,not only for designing supramolecular polymer materials with different controllable structures through introduction of multiple functional groups,but also for broadening the application of twisted cucurbit[14]uril in supramolecular chemistry.展开更多
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL）, the first enzyme of phenylpropanoid pathway, is always encoded by multigene families in plants. In this study, using genome-wide searches, 13 PAL genes in cucumber （CsPAL1-13） an...Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL）, the first enzyme of phenylpropanoid pathway, is always encoded by multigene families in plants. In this study, using genome-wide searches, 13 PAL genes in cucumber （CsPAL1-13） and 13 PALs in melon （Cm- PALl-13） were identified. In the corresponding genomes, ten of these PAL genes were located in tandem in two clusters, while the others were widely dispersed in different chromosomes as a single copy. The protein sequences of CsPALs and CmPALs shared an overall high identity to each other. In our previous report, 12 PAL genes were identified in watermelon （CIPAL1-12）. Thereby, a total of 38 cucurbit PAL members were included. Here, a comprehensive comparison of PAL gene families was performed among three cucurbit plants. The phylogenetic and syntenic analyses placed the cucurbit PALs as 11 CsPAL-CmPAL-CIPAL triples, of which ten triples were clustered into the dicot group, and the remaining one, CsPAL1-CmPAL8-CIPAL2, was grouped with gymnosperm PALs and might serve as an ancestor of cucurbit PALs. By comparing the syntenic relationships and gene structure of these PAL genes, the expansion of cucurbit PAL families might arise from a series of segmental and tandem duplications and intron insertion events. Furthermore, the expression profiling in different tissues suggested that different cucurbit PALs displayed divergent but overlapping expression profiles, and the CsPAL-CmPAL-CIPAL orthologs showed correlative expression patterns among three cucurbit plants. Taken together, this study provided an extensive description on the evolution and expression of cucurbit PAL gene families and might facilitate the further studies for elucidating the functions of PALs in cucurbit plants.展开更多
The determination method of L-phenylalartine （LPA） by fluorescence quenching was developed. The assay was based on the combination of the cucurbit[7]uril （CB [7]） with palmatine hydrochloride （PAL） reaction. In ...The determination method of L-phenylalartine （LPA） by fluorescence quenching was developed. The assay was based on the combination of the cucurbit[7]uril （CB [7]） with palmatine hydrochloride （PAL） reaction. In the presence of CB [7], the fluorescence of PAL was quenched by LPA which can be employed to detect LPA. Under the optimal conditions, a linear range 3.63 ×10^-8- 9.68 ×10^-6 mol/L and a detection limit 1.27 ×10^-8 mol/L of LPA were obtained. The relative standard deviation （R.S.D） was 1.8% obtained from a series of 11 standards each containing 6.05 ×10^-6 mol/L of LPA. This paper also discusses the mechanism of fluorescence indicator probe.展开更多
Viral diseases are among the most critical damaging factors that impose a global threat to the cucurbit industry.China is the world’s leading country for the production and consumption of cucurbits.Guangdong,a provin...Viral diseases are among the most critical damaging factors that impose a global threat to the cucurbit industry.China is the world’s leading country for the production and consumption of cucurbits.Guangdong,a province in southern China dominated by the tropical and subtropical climate,favors the survival of different plant viruses and their vectors.Five main cucurbit crops showing various disease symptoms were surveyed and collected to identify viruses infecting cucurbits in Guangdong during 2018–2020.In the field,the incidence ranged from 5-30%,or even 60-100% in the case of severely infected cucurbits.A total of 357 symptomatic samples were collected and subsequently screened for cucurbit viruses by small RNA deep sequencing and assembly(sRSA).Seventeen virus species belonging to 10 genera were identified in the five main cucurbit crops.The most common viruses were papaya ringspot virus(PRSV;Potyvirus),zucchini tigre mosaic virus(ZTMV;Potyvirus),zucchini yellow mosaic virus(ZYMV;Potyvirus),and watermelon silver mottle virus(WSMoV;Orthotospovirus),with infection rates of 24.4,19.0,17.1,and 14.3%,respectively.Notably,the most prevalent viruses were melon yellow spot orthotospovirus(MYSV)in cucumber,PRSV in squash,cucumber green mottle mosaic virus(CGMMV;Tobamovirus)in bottle gourd,WSMoV in white gourd,and ZYMV in luffa.Mixed infections were prevalent,and the types of mixed infections varied substantially in different cucurbit crops.Moreover,the full-length nucleotide sequences of watermelon green mottle mosaic virus(WGMMV),CGMMV,and watermelon virus A(WVA;Wamavirus)identified in bottle gourd were cloned and analyzed.This study is the first reporting WGMMV infecting bottle gourd in China mainland.In summary,the results demonstrate that in Guangdong,the most prevalent viruses belong to potyviruses,orthotospoviruses,and tobamoviruses groups.The findings will facilitate agricultural researchers and farmers to plan and implement effective disease control strategies aiming at timely detection and management of cucurbit-infecting viral pathogens.展开更多
The inclusion interaction between berberine hydrochloride （BRH） and cucurbit[7] （CB[7]） has been studied by spectrofluorimetry. The result showed that CB[7] interaction with BRH to form a stable inclusion complex ...The inclusion interaction between berberine hydrochloride （BRH） and cucurbit[7] （CB[7]） has been studied by spectrofluorimetry. The result showed that CB[7] interaction with BRH to form a stable inclusion complex with an association constant of 9.57 × 10^4 L/mol and the fluorescence intensity of the complex was enhanced in 17 times higher than that of the studied drug itself. Based on the significant enhancement of fluorescence intensity of BRH in inclusion complex, a spetrofluorimetric method with high sensitivity and selectivity was developed for the determination of BRH in aqueous solution. The linear range of the method was 3.2- 2 × 10^3 ng/mL with a detection limit of 1.1 ng/mL. The proposed procedure could be applied successfully to determination of BRH remained in pharmaceutical dosage forms, spiked human plasma and urine with satisfactory results.展开更多
In 2010, a foliar and stem-lesion disease that produced moderate to severe defoliation of watermelon was observed in the southern Great Plains. The disease was ultimately determined to be caused by Myrothecium roridum...In 2010, a foliar and stem-lesion disease that produced moderate to severe defoliation of watermelon was observed in the southern Great Plains. The disease was ultimately determined to be caused by Myrothecium roridum. The objective of this study was to compare the susceptibility of the vegetation and fruit of a broad range of commercially important cucurbits to three isolates obtained from these foliar lesions on watermelon. In greenhouse foliar inoculation experiments, cantaloupe, honeydew, cucumber, squash, and watermelon were susceptible to the fungus with cantaloupe and honeydew being the most susceptible and watermelon the most resistant. Furthermore, greenhouse inoculations supported earlier field observations as differential resistance was exhibited among the watermelon cultivars as well as the cucurbit types. All tested cucurbit fruit exhibited interior lesions when inoculated sub-epidermally with M. roridum isolates. However, natural infection of watermelon and pumpkin fruit has never been reported.展开更多
Cucurbit[n]urils （CB[n]s, n = 5-8,10,13-15） have been proven to be an interesting macrocyclic family with their distinctive molecular recognition properties and fascinating applications in fields such as catalysis, ...Cucurbit[n]urils （CB[n]s, n = 5-8,10,13-15） have been proven to be an interesting macrocyclic family with their distinctive molecular recognition properties and fascinating applications in fields such as catalysis, supramolecular materials, drug delivery and biological systems. With the biggest cavity in the CB[n]s family. CB[ 10] shows its unique molecular recognition properties that are rather distinctive from other CB [n]is. In this review, we summarize the progresses in CB[10]-based chemistry since CB[10] was first reported as CB[10]-CB[5] complex in 2001. Purification, molecular recognition and supramolecular assembly of CB[ 10] will be described and an outlook will be given for further exploration of CB[10]-based chemistry.展开更多
A new cucurbit[6]uril bridsed binuclear complex {[Gd（H2O）6]2[Q6（H2O）]}C16·4H2O, where Q6 represents cucurbit[6]uril, has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure shows th...A new cucurbit[6]uril bridsed binuclear complex {[Gd（H2O）6]2[Q6（H2O）]}C16·4H2O, where Q6 represents cucurbit[6]uril, has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure shows that the complex has an extended cucurbit[6]uril-bridged structure consisting of two gadolinium（Ⅲ） ions, in which each gadolinium（Ⅲ） ion is coordinated with two neighboring carbonylic oxygen atoms of Q6 and six oxygen atoms of water molecules that leans toward one side of the portal. One disordered vip water molecule resides in the Q6 molecule cavity and occupies two different positions. Hydrogen bonds assemble the complcx to threedimensional supramolecular structure.展开更多
DNA barcoding is a supplementary tool in plant systematics,extensively used to resolve the species level controversies.This paper details the identification of DNA barcodes for seven species of Momordica,using the chl...DNA barcoding is a supplementary tool in plant systematics,extensively used to resolve the species level controversies.This paper details the identification of DNA barcodes for seven species of Momordica,using the chloroplast gene mat K.Since the species M.cymbalaria has been confused as a member of the genus Luffa,26 accessions of Momordica belonging to seven Indian species and two accessions of Luffa acutangula were included in this study.Analysis of mat K sequences has yielded distinct barcodes in M.charantia var.charantia,M.subangulata subsp.renigera,M.cochinchinensis,M.balsamina,M.cymbalaria and also in Luffa acutangula.Evolutionary status of each species was reflected as nucleotide polymorphisms in each sequence.The wild species M.dioica and M.sahyadrica have yielded one barcode but failed to get differentiated.Further,this study provides conclusive proof that M.cymbalaria is a member of Momordica genus.The phylogram generated was successful to distinguish the monoecious species of this genus,M.charantia,M.balsamina and M.cymbalaria,from the dioecious species M.dioica,M.sahyadrica,M.subangulata subsp.renigera and M.cochinchinensis.Thus,mat K locus,by accumulating the evolutionary sequence variations,is proven efficient to differentiate the Momordica species and to reveal their relatedness.展开更多
A supramolecular dimer of doxorubicin(DOX)was constructed via ternary host-vip interactions between cucurbit[8]uril(CB[8])and tryptophan modified DOX(DOX-Trp,connected with an acid-labile bond)and we demonstrate for...A supramolecular dimer of doxorubicin(DOX)was constructed via ternary host-vip interactions between cucurbit[8]uril(CB[8])and tryptophan modified DOX(DOX-Trp,connected with an acid-labile bond)and we demonstrate for the first time that a supramolecular dimer of DOX can be formed upon homo-dimerization by CB[8],which may act as a stimuli pH-responsive,supramolecular DOX dimer prodrug system.This supramolecular DOX dimer transported DOX efficiently and selectively to cancer cells,thereby exhibiting significantly minimized cytotoxicity against noncancerous cells while maintaining effective cytotoxicity against cancer cells.Under this strategy,many other anticancer drugs could be chemically modified and loaded as a dimeric"ammunition"into CB[8]as supramolecular dimer prodrug systems(or a"jet fighter")for improved cancer therapy.展开更多
Thermo-gelation polymers have attracted increasing attention over decades. However, rare facile tuning method of sol-gel transition temperature restricted the wider application. Preceding study indicated that supramol...Thermo-gelation polymers have attracted increasing attention over decades. However, rare facile tuning method of sol-gel transition temperature restricted the wider application. Preceding study indicated that supramolecular interactions demonstrated a powerful means to control the structure and property of polymeric materials. Here we designed an N-isopropylacrylamide （NIPAM） based thermo-sensitive copolymer with naphthyl （Np） on its side chain. Positive-charged side-chain ternary complex was formed with cucurbit[8]uril （CB[8]） and methylviologen （MV2＋） via CB[8]-enhanced intermolecular charge-transfer （CT） interaction. Introducing the ternary complex CB[8]/MV2＋/Np on side-chain altered microstructure of macromolecular chains and led to a strong tendency for thermo gelation. Altering content of CB[8] and MV2＋ changed content of the positive-charged side-chain ternary complex and varied gelation temperature. Therefore, introducing supramolecular interaction endowed the hydrogel with tunable gelation property.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21921003 and 22201293)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3503400)for financial support。
文摘The ongoing development of small molecule drugs underscores the urgent need for novel excipients to formulate poorly soluble drug candidates.Cucurbit[7]uril(CB[7])possesses high binding affinities for a variety of molecular vips.However,its moderate water solubility limits broader application.Here we report the synthesis of three CB[7]derivatives M1-M3 by modifying an average of 4.2,5.5,and 5.9 sulfonatopropoxy groups onto their"equator"carbons.Compared to CB[7],their water-solubility increased by at least 26.6-,23.6-,and 19.2-fold,respectively,while the maximum tolerated doses(MTD)of M1 and M2 improved by 2.5-and 2.3-fold.Phase solubility diagram studies demonstrate that M1 and M2 significantly enhance the water-solubility of eighteen poorly soluble drugs.In vivo experiments in rat complete Freund's arthritis reveal that M1 not only improves the anti-inflammatory efficacy of indomethacin by up to 52%,but also substantially reduces its side effect of gastric ulcer.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21871216)。
文摘The cross-photodimerization often comes with the formation of undesired and competitive homophotodimer as side products.Herein,we report a series of highly selective[4+4]cross-photodimerization between anthracene and 4a-azoniaanthracene derivatives within a cucurbit[10]uril(CB[10])host in water.Heteroternary inclusion complexes were formed through encapsulation of donor(D1-D2,anthracene derivative)and acceptor(A1-A3,4a-azoniaanthracene derivatives)pairs in CB[10].In the presence of CB[10](1.0 equiv.),the[4+4]cross-photodimerization between D1 and A1/A2/A3 efficiently gave a single racemic cross-photodimer.Furthermore,the cross-photodimerization between 9-substituted anthracene D2 and A1/A3 was catalyzed by CB[10](0.1 equiv.)to quantitatively yield a cross-photodimer with high regioselectivity.Efficient formation of selective cross-photodimers could be attributed to the exclusive encapsulation of D-A hetero-vip pairs in CB[10]and the confinement effect of the CB[10]host cavity.Our study further proves host–vip complexation as a powerful strategy for cross-cycloaddition reactions with high efficiency.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22371086,22071074,21772055)the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2021YFA0716702)+3 种基金the 111 Project(No.B17019)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020 M672388)Self-determined research funds of CCNU from the colleges’basic research and operation of MOE,National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22006055)the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,RCEES,CAS(No.KF2017-4)。
文摘Selective separation of amino acids and proteins is crucial in various areas of research,including proteomics,protein structure and function studies,protein purification and drug development,and biosensing and biodetection.A nanocomposite film is formed by combining layer-by-layer self-assembled gold nanospheres(Au NPs)driven by cucurbit[7]uril(CB[7])and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)film.Due to the host-vip interactions,the selective transmission of l-tryptophan in the nanocomposite film is confirmed by the current-voltage measurements using a picoammeter.Furthermore,by adjusting the particle size of Au NPs to increase channel size,lysozyme containing multiple tryptophan residues can selectively pass through the nanocomposite film,indicating the high versatility and adaptability of the nanocomposite film.This study will provide a new direction for the selective separation of amino acids and proteins.
基金supported by the Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science) Youth Guidance(Nos.[2024]110,[2024]378)Science and Technology Innovation Team of Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.CXTD[2023]005)+3 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Team of Higher Education Department of Guizhou Province(No.QJJ[2023]053)Natural Science Special of Guizhou University(No.202137)Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory Platform Project(No.ZSYS[2025]008)PhD Foundation of Guizhou University(No.[2021]83)。
文摘Pyridine(Py) and 3-methylpyridine(3-MP) are crucial intermediates in chemical industrial processes.Here,we provide a simple and energy-efficient approach for the isolation of Py and 3-MP by employing crystalline cucurbit[6]uril(Q[6]).The crystal exhibit high selectivity for Py from the mixture of Py and 3-MP in both vapor and liquid phases,with separation purities close to 100%.The selectivity is attributed to the varying stability of the host-vip complexes after the absorption of Py or 3-MP,as revealed by the single-crystal structure analysis.ITC experimental results and DFT calculations indicate that,compared to3-MP,Q[6] has a higher binding strength and lower binding energy with Py.In addition,pyridine can be removed from the Q[6] cavity through vacuum heating or organic solvent immersion,enabling Q[6]reuse via reversible vip loading.This method offers a promising approach for high-purity Py and 3-MP separation with significant economic and environmental benefits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2271090)。
文摘Host-vip recognition-based macrocycle in macrocycle to form"Russian doll"assemblies remains an interesting topic in supramolecular chemistry.Herein,a macrocycle-in-macrocycle assembly was studied using cucurbit[10]uril(Q[10])and the smallest cucurbituril-like macrocycle(TD[4]).X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed that TD[4]was encapsulated in the cavity of Q[10]to form a 1:1 complex.Importantly,competitive vip studies suggested that TD[4]had the highest binding constant with the Q[10]host among the vips used,including Q[5],Me_(8)TD[4],and amantadine molecules in water.Our results provided a new cucurbituril-based Russian-doll structure containing both the largest and smallest cavities of the cucurbiturils,which expanded the family of molecular Russian dolls.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21921003)for financial support.
文摘New fabrication method of nanostructures is of great importance for the applications of nanoscience and nanotechnology.This review summarizes cucurbit[n]uril(CB[n])-based nanostructure fabrication and modification approaches.These strategies include the use of CB[n]s as building blocks and supramolecular crosslinkers to fabricate nanostructures,to surface modify nanostructures,and as gatekeepers to control the release of encapsulated cargo.These nanostructures are used for drug delivery,bioimaging,chemical sensing,catalysis and other applications.CB[n]s often play a vital role in the fabrication of these nanos-tructures,and the realization of the applications.
文摘Thispaper has investigated the coordination and supramolecular assemblies of alkali metal ions,cucurbit[5]uril(Q[5]),and[CdCl_(4)]^(2-)to confirm whether[CdCl_(4)]^(2-)can produce the“honeycomb effect”,induce coordination of alkali metal ions to Q[5],and form linear coordination polymers.In this work,the effect of alkali metal ions on the construction of Q[5]-Cd^(2+)ion system under acidic conditions was investigated.Five complexes were successfully obtained by solvent evaporation method.Among the five crystal structures obtained,it can be observed that the presence of[CdCl_(4)]^(2-)did not result in the complexation of alkali metal ions by the Q[5]molecule.Instead,a bowl-like Cd^(2+)@Q[5]complex was formed.Indeed,[CdCl_(4)]^(2-)did not produce the honeycomb effect but led to the formation of Q[5]-based honeycomb frameworks with hexagonal cellsoccupied by[CdCl_(4)]^(2-).The experimental results show that cadmium ion showed stronger ability to coordinate to Q[5]in HCl solution.
基金Supported by Liaoning Natural Science Foundation Project(20062124)~~
文摘The paper was to explore the effect of trace and secondary elements on scab of cucurbits （ Cladosporium cucumerinum） and their effects on enzyme activities of cucumber plants. [ Method ] Indoor antifungd experiment and pot test was carried out to study the control effect of different trace and secondary dements on scab of cucu.rbits; after trace and secondary element compounds were sprayed for 7 d, the content of soluble protein and malondialdehyde （MDA） and the activities of peroxidase （POD） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） of cucumber leaves during seedling stage were simultaneously detected. [ Result] The inhibi- tion effects on scab of cucurbits were found in the three trace and secondary dements, especially for the CaC12 （66.9%）, and about 54.6% and 24.1% for ZnSO4 and H3 BO3 , respectively. When cucumber plants were infected by scab of cuea.rbits, the contents of MDA for all treatments were significantly decreased in cucum- ber leaves after spraying the three trace and secondary elements compared with control. The contents of soluble protein in cucumber seedling were increased by Zn- SO4 and H3 BO3 application, while the contents of POD and SOD were increased on ZnSO4 and CaCI2 treatments. The defense system of cucumber was induced and strengthened by application of the three trace and secondary elements. [ Conclusion ] The results provided the theoretical basis for practical application and research on resistance mechanism of using trace and secondary dements to control scab of eueurbits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21861011, 21871064)the Innovation Program for High-level Talents of Guizhou Province (No. 2016–5657)the Graduate scientific research Fund of Guizhou Province (No. YJSCXJH-2019–011)
文摘A linear supramolecular polymer with controllable features based on twisted cucurbit[14]uril(tQ[14])and cucurbit[8]uril(Q[8])was firstly fabricated via an effective self-sorting strategy.Herein we designed a monomer,1–butyl–1?-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-4,4?-bipyridinium bromide(BNB),that contains bipyridyl,aliphatic butyl and aromatic naphthyl groups,simultaneously.Two host molecules,tQ[14]and Q[8]were employed to develop an effective strategy for constructing a linear supramolecular polymer with con-trollable features.The alkyl groups on both sides of BNB could insert into the two cavities of tQ[14],the naphthyl part of BNB viaπ-πstacking in Q[8]cavity,serving as the driving force for supramolecular polymerization.Through self-sorting of the monomer,tQ[14]and Q[8],led to the formation of the linear supramolecular polymer.Depolymerization could be achieved by addition of adamantane hydrochloride(AH)which driven two BNB vip molecules out of the Q[8]cavity.This self-sorting strategy has great potential,not only for designing supramolecular polymer materials with different controllable structures through introduction of multiple functional groups,but also for broadening the application of twisted cucurbit[14]uril in supramolecular chemistry.
基金supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31101548)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201303014)+1 种基金funded by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-25)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS)
文摘Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL）, the first enzyme of phenylpropanoid pathway, is always encoded by multigene families in plants. In this study, using genome-wide searches, 13 PAL genes in cucumber （CsPAL1-13） and 13 PALs in melon （Cm- PALl-13） were identified. In the corresponding genomes, ten of these PAL genes were located in tandem in two clusters, while the others were widely dispersed in different chromosomes as a single copy. The protein sequences of CsPALs and CmPALs shared an overall high identity to each other. In our previous report, 12 PAL genes were identified in watermelon （CIPAL1-12）. Thereby, a total of 38 cucurbit PAL members were included. Here, a comprehensive comparison of PAL gene families was performed among three cucurbit plants. The phylogenetic and syntenic analyses placed the cucurbit PALs as 11 CsPAL-CmPAL-CIPAL triples, of which ten triples were clustered into the dicot group, and the remaining one, CsPAL1-CmPAL8-CIPAL2, was grouped with gymnosperm PALs and might serve as an ancestor of cucurbit PALs. By comparing the syntenic relationships and gene structure of these PAL genes, the expansion of cucurbit PAL families might arise from a series of segmental and tandem duplications and intron insertion events. Furthermore, the expression profiling in different tissues suggested that different cucurbit PALs displayed divergent but overlapping expression profiles, and the CsPAL-CmPAL-CIPAL orthologs showed correlative expression patterns among three cucurbit plants. Taken together, this study provided an extensive description on the evolution and expression of cucurbit PAL gene families and might facilitate the further studies for elucidating the functions of PALs in cucurbit plants.
基金supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No. 20091404110001)the foundation of Shanxi Normal University(No.ZR1007)
文摘The determination method of L-phenylalartine （LPA） by fluorescence quenching was developed. The assay was based on the combination of the cucurbit[7]uril （CB [7]） with palmatine hydrochloride （PAL） reaction. In the presence of CB [7], the fluorescence of PAL was quenched by LPA which can be employed to detect LPA. Under the optimal conditions, a linear range 3.63 ×10^-8- 9.68 ×10^-6 mol/L and a detection limit 1.27 ×10^-8 mol/L of LPA were obtained. The relative standard deviation （R.S.D） was 1.8% obtained from a series of 11 standards each containing 6.05 ×10^-6 mol/L of LPA. This paper also discusses the mechanism of fluorescence indicator probe.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801712)the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(2018B020202006)+1 种基金the Agricultural Competitive Industry Discipline Team Building Project of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(202103TD and 202105TD)the Development Program for Guangdong Province Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Alliance(2020KJ113)。
文摘Viral diseases are among the most critical damaging factors that impose a global threat to the cucurbit industry.China is the world’s leading country for the production and consumption of cucurbits.Guangdong,a province in southern China dominated by the tropical and subtropical climate,favors the survival of different plant viruses and their vectors.Five main cucurbit crops showing various disease symptoms were surveyed and collected to identify viruses infecting cucurbits in Guangdong during 2018–2020.In the field,the incidence ranged from 5-30%,or even 60-100% in the case of severely infected cucurbits.A total of 357 symptomatic samples were collected and subsequently screened for cucurbit viruses by small RNA deep sequencing and assembly(sRSA).Seventeen virus species belonging to 10 genera were identified in the five main cucurbit crops.The most common viruses were papaya ringspot virus(PRSV;Potyvirus),zucchini tigre mosaic virus(ZTMV;Potyvirus),zucchini yellow mosaic virus(ZYMV;Potyvirus),and watermelon silver mottle virus(WSMoV;Orthotospovirus),with infection rates of 24.4,19.0,17.1,and 14.3%,respectively.Notably,the most prevalent viruses were melon yellow spot orthotospovirus(MYSV)in cucumber,PRSV in squash,cucumber green mottle mosaic virus(CGMMV;Tobamovirus)in bottle gourd,WSMoV in white gourd,and ZYMV in luffa.Mixed infections were prevalent,and the types of mixed infections varied substantially in different cucurbit crops.Moreover,the full-length nucleotide sequences of watermelon green mottle mosaic virus(WGMMV),CGMMV,and watermelon virus A(WVA;Wamavirus)identified in bottle gourd were cloned and analyzed.This study is the first reporting WGMMV infecting bottle gourd in China mainland.In summary,the results demonstrate that in Guangdong,the most prevalent viruses belong to potyviruses,orthotospoviruses,and tobamoviruses groups.The findings will facilitate agricultural researchers and farmers to plan and implement effective disease control strategies aiming at timely detection and management of cucurbit-infecting viral pathogens.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi(No.2007011027).
文摘The inclusion interaction between berberine hydrochloride （BRH） and cucurbit[7] （CB[7]） has been studied by spectrofluorimetry. The result showed that CB[7] interaction with BRH to form a stable inclusion complex with an association constant of 9.57 × 10^4 L/mol and the fluorescence intensity of the complex was enhanced in 17 times higher than that of the studied drug itself. Based on the significant enhancement of fluorescence intensity of BRH in inclusion complex, a spetrofluorimetric method with high sensitivity and selectivity was developed for the determination of BRH in aqueous solution. The linear range of the method was 3.2- 2 × 10^3 ng/mL with a detection limit of 1.1 ng/mL. The proposed procedure could be applied successfully to determination of BRH remained in pharmaceutical dosage forms, spiked human plasma and urine with satisfactory results.
文摘In 2010, a foliar and stem-lesion disease that produced moderate to severe defoliation of watermelon was observed in the southern Great Plains. The disease was ultimately determined to be caused by Myrothecium roridum. The objective of this study was to compare the susceptibility of the vegetation and fruit of a broad range of commercially important cucurbits to three isolates obtained from these foliar lesions on watermelon. In greenhouse foliar inoculation experiments, cantaloupe, honeydew, cucumber, squash, and watermelon were susceptible to the fungus with cantaloupe and honeydew being the most susceptible and watermelon the most resistant. Furthermore, greenhouse inoculations supported earlier field observations as differential resistance was exhibited among the watermelon cultivars as well as the cucurbit types. All tested cucurbit fruit exhibited interior lesions when inoculated sub-epidermally with M. roridum isolates. However, natural infection of watermelon and pumpkin fruit has never been reported.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21472143, 21604066 and 21372183)Thousand Youth Talents Program of China (No. D1118031)Program for Innovative Teams of Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Researchers in the Higher Education Institutions of Hubei Province (No. T201602)
文摘Cucurbit[n]urils （CB[n]s, n = 5-8,10,13-15） have been proven to be an interesting macrocyclic family with their distinctive molecular recognition properties and fascinating applications in fields such as catalysis, supramolecular materials, drug delivery and biological systems. With the biggest cavity in the CB[n]s family. CB[ 10] shows its unique molecular recognition properties that are rather distinctive from other CB [n]is. In this review, we summarize the progresses in CB[10]-based chemistry since CB[10] was first reported as CB[10]-CB[5] complex in 2001. Purification, molecular recognition and supramolecular assembly of CB[ 10] will be described and an outlook will be given for further exploration of CB[10]-based chemistry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20471056)
文摘A new cucurbit[6]uril bridsed binuclear complex {[Gd（H2O）6]2[Q6（H2O）]}C16·4H2O, where Q6 represents cucurbit[6]uril, has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure shows that the complex has an extended cucurbit[6]uril-bridged structure consisting of two gadolinium（Ⅲ） ions, in which each gadolinium（Ⅲ） ion is coordinated with two neighboring carbonylic oxygen atoms of Q6 and six oxygen atoms of water molecules that leans toward one side of the portal. One disordered vip water molecule resides in the Q6 molecule cavity and occupies two different positions. Hydrogen bonds assemble the complcx to threedimensional supramolecular structure.
基金Department of Biotechnology(DBT),Govt.of India,for the fellowship and financial assistancefor his M.Sc.(Ag.)in Plant Biotechnolo gy research work(Grant No.CPBMB/CoH/DBT-HRD/12)。
文摘DNA barcoding is a supplementary tool in plant systematics,extensively used to resolve the species level controversies.This paper details the identification of DNA barcodes for seven species of Momordica,using the chloroplast gene mat K.Since the species M.cymbalaria has been confused as a member of the genus Luffa,26 accessions of Momordica belonging to seven Indian species and two accessions of Luffa acutangula were included in this study.Analysis of mat K sequences has yielded distinct barcodes in M.charantia var.charantia,M.subangulata subsp.renigera,M.cochinchinensis,M.balsamina,M.cymbalaria and also in Luffa acutangula.Evolutionary status of each species was reflected as nucleotide polymorphisms in each sequence.The wild species M.dioica and M.sahyadrica have yielded one barcode but failed to get differentiated.Further,this study provides conclusive proof that M.cymbalaria is a member of Momordica genus.The phylogram generated was successful to distinguish the monoecious species of this genus,M.charantia,M.balsamina and M.cymbalaria,from the dioecious species M.dioica,M.sahyadrica,M.subangulata subsp.renigera and M.cochinchinensis.Thus,mat K locus,by accumulating the evolutionary sequence variations,is proven efficient to differentiate the Momordica species and to reveal their relatedness.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(No.030/2017/A1)University of Macao(No.MYRG2016-00008-ICMS-QRCM)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21871301)。
文摘A supramolecular dimer of doxorubicin(DOX)was constructed via ternary host-vip interactions between cucurbit[8]uril(CB[8])and tryptophan modified DOX(DOX-Trp,connected with an acid-labile bond)and we demonstrate for the first time that a supramolecular dimer of DOX can be formed upon homo-dimerization by CB[8],which may act as a stimuli pH-responsive,supramolecular DOX dimer prodrug system.This supramolecular DOX dimer transported DOX efficiently and selectively to cancer cells,thereby exhibiting significantly minimized cytotoxicity against noncancerous cells while maintaining effective cytotoxicity against cancer cells.Under this strategy,many other anticancer drugs could be chemically modified and loaded as a dimeric"ammunition"into CB[8]as supramolecular dimer prodrug systems(or a"jet fighter")for improved cancer therapy.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21374055)
文摘Thermo-gelation polymers have attracted increasing attention over decades. However, rare facile tuning method of sol-gel transition temperature restricted the wider application. Preceding study indicated that supramolecular interactions demonstrated a powerful means to control the structure and property of polymeric materials. Here we designed an N-isopropylacrylamide （NIPAM） based thermo-sensitive copolymer with naphthyl （Np） on its side chain. Positive-charged side-chain ternary complex was formed with cucurbit[8]uril （CB[8]） and methylviologen （MV2＋） via CB[8]-enhanced intermolecular charge-transfer （CT） interaction. Introducing the ternary complex CB[8]/MV2＋/Np on side-chain altered microstructure of macromolecular chains and led to a strong tendency for thermo gelation. Altering content of CB[8] and MV2＋ changed content of the positive-charged side-chain ternary complex and varied gelation temperature. Therefore, introducing supramolecular interaction endowed the hydrogel with tunable gelation property.
