Three different packaging materials of (37 cm × 25 cm) size (Sealed Transparent Polythene Bag (STPB) Sealed Paper Bag (SPB) (Brown envelope), Open Mouth Polythene Bag (OMPB) (Black incolour)) were used for Oreoch...Three different packaging materials of (37 cm × 25 cm) size (Sealed Transparent Polythene Bag (STPB) Sealed Paper Bag (SPB) (Brown envelope), Open Mouth Polythene Bag (OMPB) (Black incolour)) were used for Oreochromisniloticus (O), Clariasgariepinus (C) and Mormyrusrume (M). Twenty fish samples per species (averaging 250 gm) were hot smoked dried whole for 36 hours at an average temperature of 100?C. Packaged hot at the rate of 6 fishes per package for each species (three packs for each packaging treatment i.e. 18 pieces were packed while the remaining 2 pieces were used for initial bacteria load and microbial load). Microbial load (Total Viable Count (TVC), Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Total Fungi Count (TFC)) for the fresh fish was initial hot smoked and finally at the end of 12 weeks was monitored. The TVC (bacterial load) of O. niloticus dropped from (10.6 - 8.4) × 104 (fresh state-hot smoked) and M. rume (9.8 - 7.0) × 104, while C. gariepinus slightly increased from (12.4 - 12.6) × 104. After hot smoking, highest TVC of 8.6 × 104 (OMPBC), 8.3 × 104 (SPBC) and 8.2 × 104 (STPBC) were recorded in C. gariepinus among the 9 packag- ing at 12 weeks. However highest tendency for heavy TVC is in all OMPB with highest bacteria load in the OMPBC (8.6 × 104), 7.6 × 104 (OMPBO) and 6.6 × 104 (OMPBM). After 12 weeks highest ranged TFC of (0.6 - 0.7) × 104 was recorded in M. rume as against 0.2 × 104 recorded in the initial smoked for all. TCC was highest in C. gariepinus (4.0 - 4.3) × 104. Packaging did not limit the existence of micro-organisms. Six bacteria species (Micrococcus (acidiophilus, luteus), Bacillus (subtilis, cereus, aureus), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus lactis, Proteus (vulgaricus, morganii), Pseudomonas aureginosa) and three fungi species (Aspergillus (niger, tamari), Rhizopusnigricans, fusariumoxysporum) were represented in all the packages. On the average five bacteria and two fungi species were represented, excepting for OMPBM and OMPBO with six bacteria species.展开更多
Accurately counting dense objects in complex and diverse backgrounds is a significant challenge in computer vision,with applications ranging from crowd counting to various other object counting tasks.To address this,w...Accurately counting dense objects in complex and diverse backgrounds is a significant challenge in computer vision,with applications ranging from crowd counting to various other object counting tasks.To address this,we propose HUANNet(High-Resolution Unified Attention Network),a convolutional neural network designed to capture both local features and rich semantic information through a high-resolution representation learning framework,while optimizing computational distribution across parallel branches.HUANNet introduces three core modules:the High-Resolution Attention Module(HRAM),which enhances feature extraction by optimizing multiresolution feature fusion;the Unified Multi-Scale Attention Module(UMAM),which integrates spatial,channel,and convolutional kernel information through an attention mechanism applied across multiple levels of the network;and the Grid-Assisted Point Matching Module(GPMM),which stabilizes and improves point-to-point matching by leveraging grid-based mechanisms.Extensive experiments show that HUANNet achieves competitive results on the ShanghaiTech Part A/B crowd counting datasets and sets new state-of-the-art performance on dense object counting datasets such as CARPK and XRAY-IECCD,demonstrating the effectiveness and versatility of HUANNet.展开更多
Regular detection of pavement cracks is essential for infrastructure maintenance.However,existing methods often ignore the challenges such as the continuous evolution of crack features between video frames and the dif...Regular detection of pavement cracks is essential for infrastructure maintenance.However,existing methods often ignore the challenges such as the continuous evolution of crack features between video frames and the difficulty of defect quantification.To this end,this paper proposes an integrated framework for pavement crack detection,segmentation,tracking and counting based on Transformer.Firstly,we design theVitSeg-Det network,which is an integrated detection and segmentation network that can accurately locate and segment tiny cracks in complex scenes.Second,the TransTra-Count system is developed to automatically count the number of defects by combining defect tracking with width estimation.Finally,we conduct experimental verification on three datasets.The results show that the proposed method is superior to the existing deep learning methods in detection accuracy.In addition,the actual scene video test shows that the framework can accurately label the defect location and output the number of defects in real time.展开更多
Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease characterized by a complex pathogenesis.Weizmannia coagulans has emerged as a potential probiotic for treating intestinal disorders.This study aimed t...Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease characterized by a complex pathogenesis.Weizmannia coagulans has emerged as a potential probiotic for treating intestinal disorders.This study aimed to assess the therapeutic impact of W.coagulans BC99 on mice with DSS-induced UC and to elucidate its underlying mechanism of action.Our findings revealed that BC99 administration ameliorated symptoms associated with DSS-induced UC mice,as evidenced by reduced disease activity indexes,reversal of weight loss,and normalization of colon length.Furthermore,BC99 treatment also protected the integrity of the intestinal barrier through maintaining the antioxidant activity and the expression of tight junction proteins(ZO-1 and occludin),and regulating the inflammatory cytokines in DSS-induced UC mice.Additionally,BC99 supplementation enhanced the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)through the proliferation of SCFA-producing bacteria,including Bidobacterium,Blautia and Faecallbaculum.Notably,the NF-κB signaling pathway was found to be closely related to BC99 treatment in DSS-induced UC mice.The positive protein expression and the m RNA expression of TLR4,My D88 and p65 in colon tissue were all detected in BC99-treated groups,which indicating that BC99 could alleviate UC symptoms by inhibiting TLR4/My D88/NF-κB signaling pathway.Metabolomics further confirms the previous results.Collectively,these findings provide basic support for the W.coagulans as a functional food additive or a promising therapeutic agent for the effective management of UC.展开更多
In this study,an automated multimodal system for detecting,classifying,and dating fruit was developed using a two-stage YOLOv11 pipeline.In the first stage,the YOLOv11 detection model locates individual date fruits in...In this study,an automated multimodal system for detecting,classifying,and dating fruit was developed using a two-stage YOLOv11 pipeline.In the first stage,the YOLOv11 detection model locates individual date fruits in real time by drawing bounding boxes around them.These bounding boxes are subsequently passed to a YOLOv11 classification model,which analyzes cropped images and assigns class labels.An additional counting module automatically tallies the detected fruits,offering a near-instantaneous estimation of quantity.The experimental results suggest high precision and recall for detection,high classification accuracy(across 15 classes),and near-perfect counting in real time.This paper presents a multi-stage pipeline for date fruit detection,classification,and automated counting,employing YOLOv11-based models to achieve high accuracy while maintaining real-time throughput.The results demonstrated that the detection precision exceeded 90%,the classification accuracy approached 92%,and the counting module correlated closely with the manual tallies.These findings confirm the potential of reducing manual labour and enhancing operational efficiency in post-harvesting processes.Future studies will include dataset expansion,user-centric interfaces,and integration with harvesting robotics.展开更多
A high-sensitivity,low-noise single photon avalanche diode(SPAD)detector was presented based on a 180 nm BCD process.The proposed device utilizes a p-implant layer/high-voltage n-well(HVNW)junction to form a deep aval...A high-sensitivity,low-noise single photon avalanche diode(SPAD)detector was presented based on a 180 nm BCD process.The proposed device utilizes a p-implant layer/high-voltage n-well(HVNW)junction to form a deep avalanche multiplication region for near-infrared(NIR)sensitivity enhancement.By optimizing the device size and electric field of the guard ring,the fill factor(FF)is significantly improved,further increasing photon detection efficiency(PDE).To solve the dark noise caused by the increasing active diameter,a field polysilicon gate structure connected to the p+anode was investigated,effectively suppressing dark count noise by 76.6%.It is experimentally shown that when the active diameter increases from 5 to 10μm,the FF is significantly improved from 20.7%to 39.1%,and thus the peak PDE also rises from 13.3%to 25.8%.At an excess bias voltage of 5 V,a NIR photon detection probability(PDP)of 6.8%at 905 nm,a dark count rate(DCR)of 2.12 cps/μm^(2),an afterpulsing probability(AP)of 1.2%,and a timing jitter of 216 ps are achieved,demonstrating excellent single photon detection performance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Simulated microgravity environment can lead to gastrointestinal motility disturbance.The pathogenesis of gastrointestinal motility disorders is closely related to the stem cell factor(SCF)/c-kit signaling p...BACKGROUND Simulated microgravity environment can lead to gastrointestinal motility disturbance.The pathogenesis of gastrointestinal motility disorders is closely related to the stem cell factor(SCF)/c-kit signaling pathway associated with intestinal flora and Cajal stromal cells.Moreover,intestinal flora can also affect the regulation of SCF/c-kit signaling pathway,thus affecting the expression of Cajal stromal cells.Cajal cells are the pacemakers of gastrointestinal motility.AIM To investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium lactis(B.lactis)BLa80 on the intestinal flora of rats in simulated microgravity and on the gastrointestinal motility-related SCF/c-kit pathway.METHODS The internationally recognized tail suspension animal model was used to simulate the microgravity environment,and 30 rats were randomly divided into control group,tail suspension group and drug administration tail suspension group with 10 rats in each group for a total of 28 days.The tail group was given B.lactis BLa80 by intragastric administration,and the other two groups were given water intragastric administration,the concentration of intragastric administration was 0.1 g/mL,and each rat was 1 mL/day.Hematoxylin&eosin staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in each segment of the intestine of each group,and the expression levels of SCF,c-kit,extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)and p-ERK in the gastric antrum of each group were detected by Western blotting and PCR.The fecal flora and mucosal flora of rats in each group were detected by 16S rRNA.RESULTS Simulated microgravity resulted in severe exfoliation of villi of duodenum,jejunum and ileum in rats,marked damage,increased space between villi,loose arrangement,shortened columnar epithelium of colon,less folds,narrower mucosal thickness,reduced goblet cell number and crypts,and significant improvement after probiotic intervention.Simulated microgravity reduced the expressions of SCF and c-kit,and increased the expressions of ERK and P-ERK in the gastric antrum of rats.However,after probiotic intervention,the expressions of SCF and ckit were increased,while the expressions of ERK and P-ERK were decreased,with statistical significance(P<0.05).In addition,simulated microgravity can reduce the operational taxonomic unit(OTU)of the overall intestinal flora of rats,B.lactis BLa80 can increase the OTU of rats,simulated microgravity can reduce the overall richness and diversity of stool flora of rats,increase the abundance of firmicutes in stool flora of rats,and reduce the abundance of Bacteroides in stool flora of rats,most of which are mainly beneficial bacteria.Simulated microgravity can increase the overall richness and diversity of mucosal flora,increase the abundance of Bacteroides and Desulphurides in the rat mucosal flora,and decrease the abundance of firmicutes,most of which are proteobacteria.After probiotics intervention,the overall Bacteroidetes trend in simulated microgravity rats was increased.CONCLUSION B.lactis BLa80 can ameliorate intestinal mucosal injury,regulate intestinal flora,inhibit ERK expression,and activate the SCF/c-kit signaling pathway,which may have a facilitating effect on gastrointestinal motility in simulated microgravity rats.展开更多
Numerous research conducted in recent years has revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis,such as modifications in composition and activity,might influence lung tissue homeostasis through specific pathways,thereby promoti...Numerous research conducted in recent years has revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis,such as modifications in composition and activity,might influence lung tissue homeostasis through specific pathways,thereby promoting susceptibility to lung diseases.The development and progression of lung cancer,as well as the effectiveness of immunotherapy are closely associated with gut flora and metabolites,which influence immunological and inflammatory responses.During abnormal proliferation,non-small cell lung cancer cells acquire more substances and energy by altering their own metabolic pathways.Glucose and amino acid metabolism reprogramming provide tumor cells with abundant ATP,carbon,and nitrogen sources,respectively,providing optimal conditions for tumor cell proliferation,invasion,and immune escape.This article reviews the relationship of immune response with gut flora and metabolic reprogramming in non-small cell lung cancer,and discusses the potential mechanisms by which gut flora and metabolic reprogramming affect the occurrence,development,and immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer,in order to provide new ideas for precision treatment of lung cancer patients.展开更多
This letter critically evaluates Jiang et al's article on the differentiation of benign and malignant liver lesions using Emax and platelet count.Despite notable findings,significant methodological and interpretat...This letter critically evaluates Jiang et al's article on the differentiation of benign and malignant liver lesions using Emax and platelet count.Despite notable findings,significant methodological and interpretative limitations are identified.The study lacks detailed assay conditions for Emax measurement,employs inadequate statistical methods without robust multivariate analysis,and does not provide clinically relevant threshold values.The nomogram's reliance on Emax as a major diagnostic contributor is questionable due to attenuation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with cirrhosis.Moreover,the study's limitations,such as selection bias and confounding factors,are not adequately addressed.Future research should adopt more rigorous methodologies,including prospective studies with larger cohorts and standardized protocols for biomarker measurement,to enhance validity and clinical applicability.展开更多
The investigation and analysis of woody plants on the campus of Anhui Xinhua University reveals the presence of 103 species distributed across 43 families and 78 genera.Notably,depauperate families and monotypic gener...The investigation and analysis of woody plants on the campus of Anhui Xinhua University reveals the presence of 103 species distributed across 43 families and 78 genera.Notably,depauperate families and monotypic genera are found to be the most numerous.Among the families,Rosaceae is identified as the most diverse,encompassing a total of 21 species,while Prunus is found to contain the highest number of species,totaling 5.The geographic component of the plant flora is intricate and encompasses a wide range of distribution types,with a predominance of both tropic and temperate plants.展开更多
AIM:To assess and compare the conjunctival bacterial flora in patients with congenital ptosis(CP)to that of healthy individuals.METHODS:The study included 38 patients with CP and 42 healthy control subjects.Conjunctiv...AIM:To assess and compare the conjunctival bacterial flora in patients with congenital ptosis(CP)to that of healthy individuals.METHODS:The study included 38 patients with CP and 42 healthy control subjects.Conjunctival cultures were collected using a cotton-tipped swab applied to the inferior conjunctival fornix.The samples were inoculated into blood agar,eosin methylene blue agar,chocolate agar for bacteria,and Sabouraud dextrose agar medium for fungi.RESULTS:The culture positivity rate was 68.4%in CP and 47.6%in the control group(P<0.001).Additionally,there was a significant difference in culture positivity between the eyes of patients with unilateral ptosis(P=0.039).In the CP group,the most common found microorganism was Staphylococcus epidermidis at 23.67%,followed by Haemophilus species at 21.04%,and Corynebacterium species at 15.78%.In the control group,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacterium species were both the most commonly isolated microorganisms,each accounting for 19.04%.More than one species of bacteria was grown in the cultures of 36.84%and 23.80%of the CP and control subjects,respectively.Gram-negative bacteria were more common in CP than in control subjects(P=0.031).CONCLUSION:Culture positivity is significantly higher in the ptotic eyes of CP.Potentially pathogenic microorganisms are more frequently isolated from the CP group compared with the healthy control group.展开更多
This study established a rapid extraction method for the 16S rRNA gene of intestinal flora.Combined with nextgeneration sequencing(NGS)technology,this method can be applied to intestinal microbial ecology analysis.The...This study established a rapid extraction method for the 16S rRNA gene of intestinal flora.Combined with nextgeneration sequencing(NGS)technology,this method can be applied to intestinal microbial ecology analysis.The fecal sample was mixed with lysis buffer,incubated at 90°C for 15 minutes,vortexed,and then centrifuged.The supernatant was collected,and specific primers were added for PCR amplification.The PCR products were purified,and index tags were established for the targets to obtain libraries.After library purification and quality inspection,the libraries could be loaded for sequencing.Under optimized conditions:when the number of PCR cycles was 25 and the initial amount of DNA for library construction was 12.5 ng,fewer chimeras were generated.The library size was 500-700 bp,and there were no primer dimers of approximately 120 bp.This method is rapid,accurate,and sensitive,and can be used for the analysis and detection of the 16S rRNA gene of intestinal flora.展开更多
The anti-inflammatory properties of silkworm pupa peptide(SPP)have been recognized for their potential benefits in colitis treatment.However,the underlying mechanism of SPP in colitis animal models remains unclear.The...The anti-inflammatory properties of silkworm pupa peptide(SPP)have been recognized for their potential benefits in colitis treatment.However,the underlying mechanism of SPP in colitis animal models remains unclear.The objective of our work was to investigate the improving effect and the mechanism of action of SPP on a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.The findings suggested that SPP effectively eased ulcerative colitis(UC)symptoms in mice by decreasing disease activity index,ameliorating histopathological injury,and decreasing serum and colonic markers of inflammation.In addition,our research findings demonstrated that SPP restored intestinal barrier function by increasing the production of tight junction proteins such as zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),claudin-1,claudin-3,occludin,and adherens junction protein E-cadherin1.Further,SPP supplementation enhanced the concentration of short-chain fatty acids and positively altered the makeup of the gut bacteria in the mice's gut.These findings underscore SPP's ability to slow the progression of colitis and point to its possible use as a functional component in dietary supplements for the prevention of early-stage colitis.展开更多
Objective:To explore the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of a Jiao'ai decoction(JAD)in treating premature ovarian failure.Specifically,we evaluated the receptor for advanced glycation end(RAGE)pro...Objective:To explore the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of a Jiao'ai decoction(JAD)in treating premature ovarian failure.Specifically,we evaluated the receptor for advanced glycation end(RAGE)products pathway,metabolic disorders,and intestinal flora dysbiosis.Methods:Forty female rats with normal estrous cycles were randomly divided into five groups:control,model,estradiol,low-dose JAD,and high-dose JAD,with 8 rats in each.Except for the control group,the rats in other groups were injected intraperitoneally with cisplatin for 8 days(1.5 mg/kg)to establish a premature ovarian failure model.Starting on the fifth day of cisplatin injections,the estradiol,low-dose JAD,and high-dose JAD groups were administered corresponding drugs for 21 days.Sex hormone levels and pathological changes in the ovaries were measured.Key proteins in the RAGE pathway related to apoptosis,aging,and inflammation,were tested using Western blot.A 16S rRNA analysis of feces and non-targeted metabolism in serum was performed to determine the effects of JAD on intestinal flora and metabolism.Results:Body weight,ovarian index,and the number of follicles at all levels increased in the JAD group.Regarding serum hormones,estradiol,anti-mullerian hormone(AMH)and P levels increased,whereas follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH)levels decreased in the JAD group.The levels of phosphorylated Akt protein(P-Akt),receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE),tumor protein p53(P53),C-reactive protein(CRP),apoptosis regulator BAX(BAX)and Caspase3 were downregulated by JAD,whereas B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)and Endothelial nitric oxidase synthase(eNOS)were upregulated.JAD was also found to play an important role in the regulation of metabolic disorders and intestinal ecological imbalances by adjusting species composition and diversity.Conclusion:JAD can protect ovaries by exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects via inhibition of the RAGE pathway.JAD can also regulate metabolic disorders and maintain the dynamic balance of intestinal flora,thereby contributing to the improvement of the ovarian reserve function.展开更多
BACKGROUND The intestinal flora(IF)has been linked to risks of non-communicable diseases,especially various cancers,stroke,and Alzheimer’s disease.However,many uncertainties of these associations during different sta...BACKGROUND The intestinal flora(IF)has been linked to risks of non-communicable diseases,especially various cancers,stroke,and Alzheimer’s disease.However,many uncertainties of these associations during different stages of growth,deve-lopment,and aging still exist.Therefore,further in-depth explorations are warranted.AIM To explore the associations of the human IF with disease risks during different stages of growth,development,and aging to achieve more accurate and con-vincing conclusions.METHODS Cohort,cross-sectional,case-control,and Mendelian randomization studies published in the PubMed and Web of Science databases until December 31,2023 were systematically reviewed to clarify the associations of the IF at the genus level with the risks of various non-communicable diseases,which were grouped in accordance with the 10^(th) revision of the International Classification of Diseases.RESULTS In total,57 studies were included to quantitatively examine the influence of the IF on the risks of 30 non-communicable diseases during different stages of growth,development,and aging.Population studies and Mendelian randomization studies confirmed positive associations of the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus with multiple sclerosis.CONCLUSION These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the roles of the IF and provide novel evidence for effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases.In the future,it will be necessary to explore a greater variety of research techniques to uncover the specific mechanisms by which gut microbiota trigger diseases and conduct in-depth studies on the temporal relationship between microbiota alterations and diseases,so as to clarify the causal relationship more accurately.展开更多
Background:Liver injury often occurs but with limited drugs.Chaenomeles has a potent hepatoprotective effect,while the ability of Chaenomeles speciosa and Chaenomeles sinensis to treat liver injury in rats is unexplor...Background:Liver injury often occurs but with limited drugs.Chaenomeles has a potent hepatoprotective effect,while the ability of Chaenomeles speciosa and Chaenomeles sinensis to treat liver injury in rats is unexplored.Methods:The study involved 30 rats divided into five groups:negative control(NC),model control(MC),positive control(PC),Chaenomeles speciosa-delivered(ZP),and Chaenomeles sinensis-delivered(GP).Fecal samples from all groups were collected 24 h post-modeling for intestinal flora analysis.All rats were collected serum and liver tissues for biochemical and histopathological examinations,among other experiments.Chaenomeles would be effective in CCl4-induced liver injury in rats by analyzing the efficacy and mechanism and examining the differences between Chaenomeles speciosa and Chaenomeles sinensis through oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis pathways.Then,we resolved the mechanism of action in the context of the intestinal flora.Results:The results showed that Chaenomeles intake improved the degree of CCl4-induced liver injury,decreased aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and alkaline phosphatase levels,and increased total protein and total bilirubin levels.Noteworthy,the glutathione level in the GP group surpassed that a 1.5-fold increase compared to the PC group.Chaenomeles speciosa could exert its efficacy by regulating inflammatory and apoptotic pathways,while Chaenomeles speciosa did so through the oxidative stress pathway.In addition,Chaenomeles are both able to modulate intestinal flora and change the ratio of flora.Chaenomeles speciosa could regulate probiotics and prevent liver injury by altering the distribution and ratio of intestinal flora.Specifically,Lactobacillaceae in the ZP group exhibited 10-fold higher abundance than the other groups.Chaenomeles speciosa increased the abundance of probiotic Clostridiales butyricum in diseased rats,while Chaenomeles sinensis increased the abundance of pathogenic Escherichia Shigella.Conclusion:This study suggests that Chaenomeles may be hepatoprotective by oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis pathways and modulating the composition and function of the intestinal flora.展开更多
The particle identification(PID)of hadrons plays a crucial role in particle physics experiments,especially in flavor physics and jet tagging.The cluster counting method,which measures the number of primary ionizations...The particle identification(PID)of hadrons plays a crucial role in particle physics experiments,especially in flavor physics and jet tagging.The cluster counting method,which measures the number of primary ionizations in gaseous detectors,is a promising breakthrough in PID.However,developing an effective reconstruction algorithm for cluster counting remains challenging.To address this challenge,we propose a cluster counting algorithm based on long short-term memory and dynamic graph convolutional neural networks for the CEPC drift chamber.Experiments on Monte Carlo simulated samples demonstrate that our machine learning-based algorithm surpasses traditional methods.It improves the K/πseparation of PID by 10%,meeting the PID requirements of CEPC.展开更多
According to the World Health Organization(WHO)manual,sperm concentration should be measured using an improved Neubauer hemocytometer,while sperm motility should be measured by manual assessment.However,in China,thous...According to the World Health Organization(WHO)manual,sperm concentration should be measured using an improved Neubauer hemocytometer,while sperm motility should be measured by manual assessment.However,in China,thousands of laboratories do not use the improved Neubauer hemocytometer or method;instead,the Makler counting chamber is one of the most widely used chambers.To study sources of error that could impact the measurement of the apparent concentration and motility of sperm using the Makler counting chamber and to verify its accuracy for clinical application,67 semen samples from patients attending the Department of Andrology,West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University(Chengdu,China)between 13 September 2023 and 27 September 2023,were included.Compared with applying the cover glass immediately,delaying the application of the cover glass for 5 s,10 s,and 30 s resulted in average increases in the sperm concentration of 30.3%,74.1%,and 107.5%,respectively(all P<0.0001)and in the progressive motility(PR)of 17.7%,30.8%,and 39.6%,respectively(all P<0.0001).However,when the semen specimens were fixed with formaldehyde,a delay in the application of the cover glass for 5 s,10 s,and 30 s resulted in an average increase in the sperm concentration of 6.7%,10.8%,and 14.6%,respectively,compared with immediate application of the cover glass.The accumulation of motile sperm due to delays in the application of the cover glass is a significant source of error with the Makler counting chamber and should be avoided.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction combined with probiotics(Clostridium butyricum live capsules)in treating radiation enteritis(RE)in tumor patients,as well as its regul...Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction combined with probiotics(Clostridium butyricum live capsules)in treating radiation enteritis(RE)in tumor patients,as well as its regulatory effect on the structure of intestinal flora,providing clinical evidence for the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment of radiation enteritis.Methods:A total of 40 patients with radiation enteritis admitted to the Oncology Department of Linfen Central Hospital from September 2023 to December 2024 were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random number table method,with 20 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Clostridium butyricum live capsules,while the observation group was treated with Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction in addition to the treatment given to the control group.Both groups received a 4-week treatment course.Intestinal function indicators and changes in intestinal flora structure were compared between the two groups before and after treatment,and clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate in the observation group versus the control group was(95.00%vs 65.00%),with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The fecal formation rate in the observation group(85.00%vs 60.00%)was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the defecation frequency(2.15±0.42 vs 3.85±0.65)times/day was significantly lower than that in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).After treatment,the quantities of Bifidobacterium(6.85±0.72 L vs 5.23±0.61 L)gCFU/g and Lactobacillus(6.52±0.68 L vs 4.98±0.57 L)gCFU/g in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,while the quantities of Escherichia coli(4.12±0.53 L vs 5.67±0.65 L)gCFU/g and Staphylococcus(3.85±0.48 L vs 5.23±0.59 L)gCFU/g were significantly lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:Clinical studies have confirmed that the synergistic treatment of radiation enteritis with Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction and probiotics can significantly improve patients’clinical symptoms and restore the balance of intestinal flora,providing an effective regimen for clinical treatment.展开更多
文摘Three different packaging materials of (37 cm × 25 cm) size (Sealed Transparent Polythene Bag (STPB) Sealed Paper Bag (SPB) (Brown envelope), Open Mouth Polythene Bag (OMPB) (Black incolour)) were used for Oreochromisniloticus (O), Clariasgariepinus (C) and Mormyrusrume (M). Twenty fish samples per species (averaging 250 gm) were hot smoked dried whole for 36 hours at an average temperature of 100?C. Packaged hot at the rate of 6 fishes per package for each species (three packs for each packaging treatment i.e. 18 pieces were packed while the remaining 2 pieces were used for initial bacteria load and microbial load). Microbial load (Total Viable Count (TVC), Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Total Fungi Count (TFC)) for the fresh fish was initial hot smoked and finally at the end of 12 weeks was monitored. The TVC (bacterial load) of O. niloticus dropped from (10.6 - 8.4) × 104 (fresh state-hot smoked) and M. rume (9.8 - 7.0) × 104, while C. gariepinus slightly increased from (12.4 - 12.6) × 104. After hot smoking, highest TVC of 8.6 × 104 (OMPBC), 8.3 × 104 (SPBC) and 8.2 × 104 (STPBC) were recorded in C. gariepinus among the 9 packag- ing at 12 weeks. However highest tendency for heavy TVC is in all OMPB with highest bacteria load in the OMPBC (8.6 × 104), 7.6 × 104 (OMPBO) and 6.6 × 104 (OMPBM). After 12 weeks highest ranged TFC of (0.6 - 0.7) × 104 was recorded in M. rume as against 0.2 × 104 recorded in the initial smoked for all. TCC was highest in C. gariepinus (4.0 - 4.3) × 104. Packaging did not limit the existence of micro-organisms. Six bacteria species (Micrococcus (acidiophilus, luteus), Bacillus (subtilis, cereus, aureus), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus lactis, Proteus (vulgaricus, morganii), Pseudomonas aureginosa) and three fungi species (Aspergillus (niger, tamari), Rhizopusnigricans, fusariumoxysporum) were represented in all the packages. On the average five bacteria and two fungi species were represented, excepting for OMPBM and OMPBO with six bacteria species.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273213,62472262,62572287)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024MF144)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province for Innovation and Development Joint Funds(ZR2022LZH001)Taishan Scholarship Construction Engineering.
文摘Accurately counting dense objects in complex and diverse backgrounds is a significant challenge in computer vision,with applications ranging from crowd counting to various other object counting tasks.To address this,we propose HUANNet(High-Resolution Unified Attention Network),a convolutional neural network designed to capture both local features and rich semantic information through a high-resolution representation learning framework,while optimizing computational distribution across parallel branches.HUANNet introduces three core modules:the High-Resolution Attention Module(HRAM),which enhances feature extraction by optimizing multiresolution feature fusion;the Unified Multi-Scale Attention Module(UMAM),which integrates spatial,channel,and convolutional kernel information through an attention mechanism applied across multiple levels of the network;and the Grid-Assisted Point Matching Module(GPMM),which stabilizes and improves point-to-point matching by leveraging grid-based mechanisms.Extensive experiments show that HUANNet achieves competitive results on the ShanghaiTech Part A/B crowd counting datasets and sets new state-of-the-art performance on dense object counting datasets such as CARPK and XRAY-IECCD,demonstrating the effectiveness and versatility of HUANNet.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China under Grant 2024JC-YBQN-0695.
文摘Regular detection of pavement cracks is essential for infrastructure maintenance.However,existing methods often ignore the challenges such as the continuous evolution of crack features between video frames and the difficulty of defect quantification.To this end,this paper proposes an integrated framework for pavement crack detection,segmentation,tracking and counting based on Transformer.Firstly,we design theVitSeg-Det network,which is an integrated detection and segmentation network that can accurately locate and segment tiny cracks in complex scenes.Second,the TransTra-Count system is developed to automatically count the number of defects by combining defect tracking with width estimation.Finally,we conduct experimental verification on three datasets.The results show that the proposed method is superior to the existing deep learning methods in detection accuracy.In addition,the actual scene video test shows that the framework can accurately label the defect location and output the number of defects in real time.
基金financially supported by the Major Science and Technology Special Projects in Henan Province(231100310200)the Key R&D Projects in Henan Province(241111314200)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302172)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(252300423038).
文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease characterized by a complex pathogenesis.Weizmannia coagulans has emerged as a potential probiotic for treating intestinal disorders.This study aimed to assess the therapeutic impact of W.coagulans BC99 on mice with DSS-induced UC and to elucidate its underlying mechanism of action.Our findings revealed that BC99 administration ameliorated symptoms associated with DSS-induced UC mice,as evidenced by reduced disease activity indexes,reversal of weight loss,and normalization of colon length.Furthermore,BC99 treatment also protected the integrity of the intestinal barrier through maintaining the antioxidant activity and the expression of tight junction proteins(ZO-1 and occludin),and regulating the inflammatory cytokines in DSS-induced UC mice.Additionally,BC99 supplementation enhanced the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)through the proliferation of SCFA-producing bacteria,including Bidobacterium,Blautia and Faecallbaculum.Notably,the NF-κB signaling pathway was found to be closely related to BC99 treatment in DSS-induced UC mice.The positive protein expression and the m RNA expression of TLR4,My D88 and p65 in colon tissue were all detected in BC99-treated groups,which indicating that BC99 could alleviate UC symptoms by inhibiting TLR4/My D88/NF-κB signaling pathway.Metabolomics further confirms the previous results.Collectively,these findings provide basic support for the W.coagulans as a functional food additive or a promising therapeutic agent for the effective management of UC.
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,Grant No.KFU250098.
文摘In this study,an automated multimodal system for detecting,classifying,and dating fruit was developed using a two-stage YOLOv11 pipeline.In the first stage,the YOLOv11 detection model locates individual date fruits in real time by drawing bounding boxes around them.These bounding boxes are subsequently passed to a YOLOv11 classification model,which analyzes cropped images and assigns class labels.An additional counting module automatically tallies the detected fruits,offering a near-instantaneous estimation of quantity.The experimental results suggest high precision and recall for detection,high classification accuracy(across 15 classes),and near-perfect counting in real time.This paper presents a multi-stage pipeline for date fruit detection,classification,and automated counting,employing YOLOv11-based models to achieve high accuracy while maintaining real-time throughput.The results demonstrated that the detection precision exceeded 90%,the classification accuracy approached 92%,and the counting module correlated closely with the manual tallies.These findings confirm the potential of reducing manual labour and enhancing operational efficiency in post-harvesting processes.Future studies will include dataset expansion,user-centric interfaces,and integration with harvesting robotics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62171233the Natural Science Foundation of China,Jiangsu Province under Grant BK20241891the Jiangsu Province Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Plan under Grants SJCX24_0313 and KYCX24_1169。
文摘A high-sensitivity,low-noise single photon avalanche diode(SPAD)detector was presented based on a 180 nm BCD process.The proposed device utilizes a p-implant layer/high-voltage n-well(HVNW)junction to form a deep avalanche multiplication region for near-infrared(NIR)sensitivity enhancement.By optimizing the device size and electric field of the guard ring,the fill factor(FF)is significantly improved,further increasing photon detection efficiency(PDE).To solve the dark noise caused by the increasing active diameter,a field polysilicon gate structure connected to the p+anode was investigated,effectively suppressing dark count noise by 76.6%.It is experimentally shown that when the active diameter increases from 5 to 10μm,the FF is significantly improved from 20.7%to 39.1%,and thus the peak PDE also rises from 13.3%to 25.8%.At an excess bias voltage of 5 V,a NIR photon detection probability(PDP)of 6.8%at 905 nm,a dark count rate(DCR)of 2.12 cps/μm^(2),an afterpulsing probability(AP)of 1.2%,and a timing jitter of 216 ps are achieved,demonstrating excellent single photon detection performance.
文摘BACKGROUND Simulated microgravity environment can lead to gastrointestinal motility disturbance.The pathogenesis of gastrointestinal motility disorders is closely related to the stem cell factor(SCF)/c-kit signaling pathway associated with intestinal flora and Cajal stromal cells.Moreover,intestinal flora can also affect the regulation of SCF/c-kit signaling pathway,thus affecting the expression of Cajal stromal cells.Cajal cells are the pacemakers of gastrointestinal motility.AIM To investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium lactis(B.lactis)BLa80 on the intestinal flora of rats in simulated microgravity and on the gastrointestinal motility-related SCF/c-kit pathway.METHODS The internationally recognized tail suspension animal model was used to simulate the microgravity environment,and 30 rats were randomly divided into control group,tail suspension group and drug administration tail suspension group with 10 rats in each group for a total of 28 days.The tail group was given B.lactis BLa80 by intragastric administration,and the other two groups were given water intragastric administration,the concentration of intragastric administration was 0.1 g/mL,and each rat was 1 mL/day.Hematoxylin&eosin staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in each segment of the intestine of each group,and the expression levels of SCF,c-kit,extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)and p-ERK in the gastric antrum of each group were detected by Western blotting and PCR.The fecal flora and mucosal flora of rats in each group were detected by 16S rRNA.RESULTS Simulated microgravity resulted in severe exfoliation of villi of duodenum,jejunum and ileum in rats,marked damage,increased space between villi,loose arrangement,shortened columnar epithelium of colon,less folds,narrower mucosal thickness,reduced goblet cell number and crypts,and significant improvement after probiotic intervention.Simulated microgravity reduced the expressions of SCF and c-kit,and increased the expressions of ERK and P-ERK in the gastric antrum of rats.However,after probiotic intervention,the expressions of SCF and ckit were increased,while the expressions of ERK and P-ERK were decreased,with statistical significance(P<0.05).In addition,simulated microgravity can reduce the operational taxonomic unit(OTU)of the overall intestinal flora of rats,B.lactis BLa80 can increase the OTU of rats,simulated microgravity can reduce the overall richness and diversity of stool flora of rats,increase the abundance of firmicutes in stool flora of rats,and reduce the abundance of Bacteroides in stool flora of rats,most of which are mainly beneficial bacteria.Simulated microgravity can increase the overall richness and diversity of mucosal flora,increase the abundance of Bacteroides and Desulphurides in the rat mucosal flora,and decrease the abundance of firmicutes,most of which are proteobacteria.After probiotics intervention,the overall Bacteroidetes trend in simulated microgravity rats was increased.CONCLUSION B.lactis BLa80 can ameliorate intestinal mucosal injury,regulate intestinal flora,inhibit ERK expression,and activate the SCF/c-kit signaling pathway,which may have a facilitating effect on gastrointestinal motility in simulated microgravity rats.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Fund Project of Education Department of Yunnan Province,China(No.2024Y386).
文摘Numerous research conducted in recent years has revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis,such as modifications in composition and activity,might influence lung tissue homeostasis through specific pathways,thereby promoting susceptibility to lung diseases.The development and progression of lung cancer,as well as the effectiveness of immunotherapy are closely associated with gut flora and metabolites,which influence immunological and inflammatory responses.During abnormal proliferation,non-small cell lung cancer cells acquire more substances and energy by altering their own metabolic pathways.Glucose and amino acid metabolism reprogramming provide tumor cells with abundant ATP,carbon,and nitrogen sources,respectively,providing optimal conditions for tumor cell proliferation,invasion,and immune escape.This article reviews the relationship of immune response with gut flora and metabolic reprogramming in non-small cell lung cancer,and discusses the potential mechanisms by which gut flora and metabolic reprogramming affect the occurrence,development,and immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer,in order to provide new ideas for precision treatment of lung cancer patients.
文摘This letter critically evaluates Jiang et al's article on the differentiation of benign and malignant liver lesions using Emax and platelet count.Despite notable findings,significant methodological and interpretative limitations are identified.The study lacks detailed assay conditions for Emax measurement,employs inadequate statistical methods without robust multivariate analysis,and does not provide clinically relevant threshold values.The nomogram's reliance on Emax as a major diagnostic contributor is questionable due to attenuation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with cirrhosis.Moreover,the study's limitations,such as selection bias and confounding factors,are not adequately addressed.Future research should adopt more rigorous methodologies,including prospective studies with larger cohorts and standardized protocols for biomarker measurement,to enhance validity and clinical applicability.
基金Sponsored by National Undergraduate Innovation Training Program of Anhui Xinhua University(202412216001)Provincial-level Undergraduate Innovation Training Program of Anhui Xinhua University(S202312216041)+1 种基金Natural Science Key Research Program for Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(2023AH051816)Anhui General Teaching Research Project(2022jyxm665).
文摘The investigation and analysis of woody plants on the campus of Anhui Xinhua University reveals the presence of 103 species distributed across 43 families and 78 genera.Notably,depauperate families and monotypic genera are found to be the most numerous.Among the families,Rosaceae is identified as the most diverse,encompassing a total of 21 species,while Prunus is found to contain the highest number of species,totaling 5.The geographic component of the plant flora is intricate and encompasses a wide range of distribution types,with a predominance of both tropic and temperate plants.
文摘AIM:To assess and compare the conjunctival bacterial flora in patients with congenital ptosis(CP)to that of healthy individuals.METHODS:The study included 38 patients with CP and 42 healthy control subjects.Conjunctival cultures were collected using a cotton-tipped swab applied to the inferior conjunctival fornix.The samples were inoculated into blood agar,eosin methylene blue agar,chocolate agar for bacteria,and Sabouraud dextrose agar medium for fungi.RESULTS:The culture positivity rate was 68.4%in CP and 47.6%in the control group(P<0.001).Additionally,there was a significant difference in culture positivity between the eyes of patients with unilateral ptosis(P=0.039).In the CP group,the most common found microorganism was Staphylococcus epidermidis at 23.67%,followed by Haemophilus species at 21.04%,and Corynebacterium species at 15.78%.In the control group,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacterium species were both the most commonly isolated microorganisms,each accounting for 19.04%.More than one species of bacteria was grown in the cultures of 36.84%and 23.80%of the CP and control subjects,respectively.Gram-negative bacteria were more common in CP than in control subjects(P=0.031).CONCLUSION:Culture positivity is significantly higher in the ptotic eyes of CP.Potentially pathogenic microorganisms are more frequently isolated from the CP group compared with the healthy control group.
文摘This study established a rapid extraction method for the 16S rRNA gene of intestinal flora.Combined with nextgeneration sequencing(NGS)technology,this method can be applied to intestinal microbial ecology analysis.The fecal sample was mixed with lysis buffer,incubated at 90°C for 15 minutes,vortexed,and then centrifuged.The supernatant was collected,and specific primers were added for PCR amplification.The PCR products were purified,and index tags were established for the targets to obtain libraries.After library purification and quality inspection,the libraries could be loaded for sequencing.Under optimized conditions:when the number of PCR cycles was 25 and the initial amount of DNA for library construction was 12.5 ng,fewer chimeras were generated.The library size was 500-700 bp,and there were no primer dimers of approximately 120 bp.This method is rapid,accurate,and sensitive,and can be used for the analysis and detection of the 16S rRNA gene of intestinal flora.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1103802)。
文摘The anti-inflammatory properties of silkworm pupa peptide(SPP)have been recognized for their potential benefits in colitis treatment.However,the underlying mechanism of SPP in colitis animal models remains unclear.The objective of our work was to investigate the improving effect and the mechanism of action of SPP on a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.The findings suggested that SPP effectively eased ulcerative colitis(UC)symptoms in mice by decreasing disease activity index,ameliorating histopathological injury,and decreasing serum and colonic markers of inflammation.In addition,our research findings demonstrated that SPP restored intestinal barrier function by increasing the production of tight junction proteins such as zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),claudin-1,claudin-3,occludin,and adherens junction protein E-cadherin1.Further,SPP supplementation enhanced the concentration of short-chain fatty acids and positively altered the makeup of the gut bacteria in the mice's gut.These findings underscore SPP's ability to slow the progression of colitis and point to its possible use as a functional component in dietary supplements for the prevention of early-stage colitis.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81673764)National Key R&D Program of China(022YFC3502301).
文摘Objective:To explore the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of a Jiao'ai decoction(JAD)in treating premature ovarian failure.Specifically,we evaluated the receptor for advanced glycation end(RAGE)products pathway,metabolic disorders,and intestinal flora dysbiosis.Methods:Forty female rats with normal estrous cycles were randomly divided into five groups:control,model,estradiol,low-dose JAD,and high-dose JAD,with 8 rats in each.Except for the control group,the rats in other groups were injected intraperitoneally with cisplatin for 8 days(1.5 mg/kg)to establish a premature ovarian failure model.Starting on the fifth day of cisplatin injections,the estradiol,low-dose JAD,and high-dose JAD groups were administered corresponding drugs for 21 days.Sex hormone levels and pathological changes in the ovaries were measured.Key proteins in the RAGE pathway related to apoptosis,aging,and inflammation,were tested using Western blot.A 16S rRNA analysis of feces and non-targeted metabolism in serum was performed to determine the effects of JAD on intestinal flora and metabolism.Results:Body weight,ovarian index,and the number of follicles at all levels increased in the JAD group.Regarding serum hormones,estradiol,anti-mullerian hormone(AMH)and P levels increased,whereas follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH)levels decreased in the JAD group.The levels of phosphorylated Akt protein(P-Akt),receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE),tumor protein p53(P53),C-reactive protein(CRP),apoptosis regulator BAX(BAX)and Caspase3 were downregulated by JAD,whereas B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)and Endothelial nitric oxidase synthase(eNOS)were upregulated.JAD was also found to play an important role in the regulation of metabolic disorders and intestinal ecological imbalances by adjusting species composition and diversity.Conclusion:JAD can protect ovaries by exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects via inhibition of the RAGE pathway.JAD can also regulate metabolic disorders and maintain the dynamic balance of intestinal flora,thereby contributing to the improvement of the ovarian reserve function.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81903398the Research Start-Up Fund for the Introduction of Talents of Sichuan University,No.YJ2021112+4 种基金Medical Youth Innovation Research Project of Sichuan Province,No.Q21016Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan,No.2023NSFSC1927“From 0 to 1”Innovation Project,Sichuan University,No.2023SCUH0026Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department 2023 Central Guide Local Project,No.2023ZYD0097Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of Tobacco Industry,No.20202309BC530.
文摘BACKGROUND The intestinal flora(IF)has been linked to risks of non-communicable diseases,especially various cancers,stroke,and Alzheimer’s disease.However,many uncertainties of these associations during different stages of growth,deve-lopment,and aging still exist.Therefore,further in-depth explorations are warranted.AIM To explore the associations of the human IF with disease risks during different stages of growth,development,and aging to achieve more accurate and con-vincing conclusions.METHODS Cohort,cross-sectional,case-control,and Mendelian randomization studies published in the PubMed and Web of Science databases until December 31,2023 were systematically reviewed to clarify the associations of the IF at the genus level with the risks of various non-communicable diseases,which were grouped in accordance with the 10^(th) revision of the International Classification of Diseases.RESULTS In total,57 studies were included to quantitatively examine the influence of the IF on the risks of 30 non-communicable diseases during different stages of growth,development,and aging.Population studies and Mendelian randomization studies confirmed positive associations of the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus with multiple sclerosis.CONCLUSION These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the roles of the IF and provide novel evidence for effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases.In the future,it will be necessary to explore a greater variety of research techniques to uncover the specific mechanisms by which gut microbiota trigger diseases and conduct in-depth studies on the temporal relationship between microbiota alterations and diseases,so as to clarify the causal relationship more accurately.
基金supported by the Key Project at the Central Government Level(No.2060302),the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZYYCXTD-D-202005),and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.8187295682173929).
文摘Background:Liver injury often occurs but with limited drugs.Chaenomeles has a potent hepatoprotective effect,while the ability of Chaenomeles speciosa and Chaenomeles sinensis to treat liver injury in rats is unexplored.Methods:The study involved 30 rats divided into five groups:negative control(NC),model control(MC),positive control(PC),Chaenomeles speciosa-delivered(ZP),and Chaenomeles sinensis-delivered(GP).Fecal samples from all groups were collected 24 h post-modeling for intestinal flora analysis.All rats were collected serum and liver tissues for biochemical and histopathological examinations,among other experiments.Chaenomeles would be effective in CCl4-induced liver injury in rats by analyzing the efficacy and mechanism and examining the differences between Chaenomeles speciosa and Chaenomeles sinensis through oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis pathways.Then,we resolved the mechanism of action in the context of the intestinal flora.Results:The results showed that Chaenomeles intake improved the degree of CCl4-induced liver injury,decreased aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and alkaline phosphatase levels,and increased total protein and total bilirubin levels.Noteworthy,the glutathione level in the GP group surpassed that a 1.5-fold increase compared to the PC group.Chaenomeles speciosa could exert its efficacy by regulating inflammatory and apoptotic pathways,while Chaenomeles speciosa did so through the oxidative stress pathway.In addition,Chaenomeles are both able to modulate intestinal flora and change the ratio of flora.Chaenomeles speciosa could regulate probiotics and prevent liver injury by altering the distribution and ratio of intestinal flora.Specifically,Lactobacillaceae in the ZP group exhibited 10-fold higher abundance than the other groups.Chaenomeles speciosa increased the abundance of probiotic Clostridiales butyricum in diseased rats,while Chaenomeles sinensis increased the abundance of pathogenic Escherichia Shigella.Conclusion:This study suggests that Chaenomeles may be hepatoprotective by oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis pathways and modulating the composition and function of the intestinal flora.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.12475200 and 12275296)Joint Fund of Research utilizing Large-Scale Scientific Facility of the NSFC and CAS(No.U2032114)Institute of High Energy Physics(Chinese Academy of Sciences)Innovative Project on Sciences and Technologies(Nos.E3545BU210 and E25456U210).
文摘The particle identification(PID)of hadrons plays a crucial role in particle physics experiments,especially in flavor physics and jet tagging.The cluster counting method,which measures the number of primary ionizations in gaseous detectors,is a promising breakthrough in PID.However,developing an effective reconstruction algorithm for cluster counting remains challenging.To address this challenge,we propose a cluster counting algorithm based on long short-term memory and dynamic graph convolutional neural networks for the CEPC drift chamber.Experiments on Monte Carlo simulated samples demonstrate that our machine learning-based algorithm surpasses traditional methods.It improves the K/πseparation of PID by 10%,meeting the PID requirements of CEPC.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32171264 and No.81974226)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023NSFSC1609)。
文摘According to the World Health Organization(WHO)manual,sperm concentration should be measured using an improved Neubauer hemocytometer,while sperm motility should be measured by manual assessment.However,in China,thousands of laboratories do not use the improved Neubauer hemocytometer or method;instead,the Makler counting chamber is one of the most widely used chambers.To study sources of error that could impact the measurement of the apparent concentration and motility of sperm using the Makler counting chamber and to verify its accuracy for clinical application,67 semen samples from patients attending the Department of Andrology,West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University(Chengdu,China)between 13 September 2023 and 27 September 2023,were included.Compared with applying the cover glass immediately,delaying the application of the cover glass for 5 s,10 s,and 30 s resulted in average increases in the sperm concentration of 30.3%,74.1%,and 107.5%,respectively(all P<0.0001)and in the progressive motility(PR)of 17.7%,30.8%,and 39.6%,respectively(all P<0.0001).However,when the semen specimens were fixed with formaldehyde,a delay in the application of the cover glass for 5 s,10 s,and 30 s resulted in an average increase in the sperm concentration of 6.7%,10.8%,and 14.6%,respectively,compared with immediate application of the cover glass.The accumulation of motile sperm due to delays in the application of the cover glass is a significant source of error with the Makler counting chamber and should be avoided.
基金Four“batches”innovation project of invigorating medicine through science and technology of Shanxi province(Project No.:2023XM059)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction combined with probiotics(Clostridium butyricum live capsules)in treating radiation enteritis(RE)in tumor patients,as well as its regulatory effect on the structure of intestinal flora,providing clinical evidence for the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment of radiation enteritis.Methods:A total of 40 patients with radiation enteritis admitted to the Oncology Department of Linfen Central Hospital from September 2023 to December 2024 were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random number table method,with 20 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Clostridium butyricum live capsules,while the observation group was treated with Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction in addition to the treatment given to the control group.Both groups received a 4-week treatment course.Intestinal function indicators and changes in intestinal flora structure were compared between the two groups before and after treatment,and clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate in the observation group versus the control group was(95.00%vs 65.00%),with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The fecal formation rate in the observation group(85.00%vs 60.00%)was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the defecation frequency(2.15±0.42 vs 3.85±0.65)times/day was significantly lower than that in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).After treatment,the quantities of Bifidobacterium(6.85±0.72 L vs 5.23±0.61 L)gCFU/g and Lactobacillus(6.52±0.68 L vs 4.98±0.57 L)gCFU/g in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,while the quantities of Escherichia coli(4.12±0.53 L vs 5.67±0.65 L)gCFU/g and Staphylococcus(3.85±0.48 L vs 5.23±0.59 L)gCFU/g were significantly lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:Clinical studies have confirmed that the synergistic treatment of radiation enteritis with Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction and probiotics can significantly improve patients’clinical symptoms and restore the balance of intestinal flora,providing an effective regimen for clinical treatment.
