Between the 1940s and the 1960s there was a significant lowering of the surface temperatures of the central North Pacific. This cool-down is discussed on the basis of analyses of a very large surface temperature data ...Between the 1940s and the 1960s there was a significant lowering of the surface temperatures of the central North Pacific. This cool-down is discussed on the basis of analyses of a very large surface temperature data base, covering most of the North Pacific, which began in 1947 and continued for at least 30 years afterwards. A surface area more than 20 degrees of latitude by approximately 70 degrees of longitude, centered on 40°N, cooled down within about a ten year period by typically 0.5℃ and by as much as 1.0℃. Previously a permanent surface and near surface circulation was proposed in which a shallow very broad warm surface layer flows northeastward at mid-latitudes on the eastern side of the North Pacific while colder water returns southward to the east, west and underneath the warm surface current. It is suggested that variations in this hypothesized circulation, due to natural causes not yet completely understood, potentially provide a mechanism for producing a cooling down (or warming up) of a large region of the central North Pacific at mid-latitudes in a relatively short period of time (ten years or less).展开更多
杜瓦真空失效造成光电转换探测系统的核心部件故障,依据真空物理稀薄气体理论,分析探讨了真空失效考核方法。检测组件在工作状态下的降温时间是否符合用户要求,是确认真空失效最直接有效的方法。制冷机额定制冷功率与杜瓦最大无功功率之...杜瓦真空失效造成光电转换探测系统的核心部件故障,依据真空物理稀薄气体理论,分析探讨了真空失效考核方法。检测组件在工作状态下的降温时间是否符合用户要求,是确认真空失效最直接有效的方法。制冷机额定制冷功率与杜瓦最大无功功率之差,即设计允许最大热负载增加量。在特定时间区间内,利用液氮蒸发原理测量热负载增加量,达到扩展不确定度30 m W(k=3)时,可以认为杜瓦真空有用寿命不符合用户要求。用户定制15年真空有用寿命,则要求杜瓦漏气速率小于5×10-15Pa·m3/s,真空失效的气体压力大于1×10-2Pa。展开更多
文摘Between the 1940s and the 1960s there was a significant lowering of the surface temperatures of the central North Pacific. This cool-down is discussed on the basis of analyses of a very large surface temperature data base, covering most of the North Pacific, which began in 1947 and continued for at least 30 years afterwards. A surface area more than 20 degrees of latitude by approximately 70 degrees of longitude, centered on 40°N, cooled down within about a ten year period by typically 0.5℃ and by as much as 1.0℃. Previously a permanent surface and near surface circulation was proposed in which a shallow very broad warm surface layer flows northeastward at mid-latitudes on the eastern side of the North Pacific while colder water returns southward to the east, west and underneath the warm surface current. It is suggested that variations in this hypothesized circulation, due to natural causes not yet completely understood, potentially provide a mechanism for producing a cooling down (or warming up) of a large region of the central North Pacific at mid-latitudes in a relatively short period of time (ten years or less).
文摘杜瓦真空失效造成光电转换探测系统的核心部件故障,依据真空物理稀薄气体理论,分析探讨了真空失效考核方法。检测组件在工作状态下的降温时间是否符合用户要求,是确认真空失效最直接有效的方法。制冷机额定制冷功率与杜瓦最大无功功率之差,即设计允许最大热负载增加量。在特定时间区间内,利用液氮蒸发原理测量热负载增加量,达到扩展不确定度30 m W(k=3)时,可以认为杜瓦真空有用寿命不符合用户要求。用户定制15年真空有用寿命,则要求杜瓦漏气速率小于5×10-15Pa·m3/s,真空失效的气体压力大于1×10-2Pa。
