Online gaming has become a daily norm,leading to unique forms of game-bullying distinct from traditional cyberbullying due to its immersive nature and ranking systems.This study examined how game-bullying victimizatio...Online gaming has become a daily norm,leading to unique forms of game-bullying distinct from traditional cyberbullying due to its immersive nature and ranking systems.This study examined how game-bullying victimization(GBV)affects depression via self-esteem,moderated by resilience and the state offlow,among 359 Chinese MOBA(Multiplayer-online-battle-arena)gamers(30.7%female,mean age=23.8 years,SD=4.57 years).The analysis revealed a direct link between GBV and depression.Self-esteem mediates this relationship,with higher GBV associated with lower self-esteem and subsequently greater depression.Resilience moderates both direct and indirect effects,mitigating GBV’s impact on self-esteem and depression in those with higher resilience.However,the state offlow did not moderate the mediation process.These results underscore that game-bullying affects more than just gaming addicts,highlighting the crucial roles of self-esteem and resilience.Thefindings suggest expanding the SOR model to account for personality traits susceptible to GBV,an emerging psychological harm.展开更多
BACKGROUND Peer bullying victimization(PBV)is a significant public health issue that adolescents often face,with approximately one-third having experienced PBV.Understanding its interrelationships with mental health p...BACKGROUND Peer bullying victimization(PBV)is a significant public health issue that adolescents often face,with approximately one-third having experienced PBV.Understanding its interrelationships with mental health problems is crucial for effective intervention.This study aims to examine the longitudinal relationships between internalizing problems(depression and anxiety),externalizing problems(aggression),and PBV among middle school students using cross-lagged panel network analysis.AIM To examine the longitudinal relationships between internalizing problems(depression and anxiety),externalizing problems(aggression),and PBV among middle school students using cross-lagged panel network analysis.METHODS A total of 1260 middle school students(54.6%male)participated in this study.Data were collected at two time points(time 1 and time 2)using self-report questionnaires to assess PBV,depression,anxiety,and aggression.Cross-lagged panel network analysis was applied to examine the bi-directional relationships between these variables over time.RESULTS Depression,particularly a“sad mood,”was the most significant predictor of both PBV and aggression.Cyberbullying victimization also emerged as a key factor influencing depression and anxiety.While anxiety had weaker and less consistent effects on PBV,aggression was predominantly influenced by depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances.The analysis also identified key symptoms,such as a“sad mood”and sleep disturbances,as crucial targets for intervention to mitigate the cycle of PBV,depression,anxiety,and aggression.CONCLUSION This study provides important insights for bullying victimization prevention and intervention strategies:(1)Early identification and intervention targeting depression,particularly a“sad mood,”and sleep disturbances;(2)The importance of addressing cyberbullying as a distinct factor influencing mental health;and(3)The need for comprehensive,longitudinal approaches to understanding and intervening in the interconnected mental health issues among adolescents.展开更多
Fraudulent website is an important car-rier tool for telecom fraud.At present,criminals can use artificial intelligence generative content technol-ogy to quickly generate fraudulent website templates and build fraudul...Fraudulent website is an important car-rier tool for telecom fraud.At present,criminals can use artificial intelligence generative content technol-ogy to quickly generate fraudulent website templates and build fraudulent websites in batches.Accurate identification of fraudulent website will effectively re-duce the risk of public victimization.Therefore,this study developed a fraudulent website template iden-tification method based on DOM structure extraction of website fingerprint features,which solves the prob-lems of single-dimension identification,low accuracy,and the insufficient generalization ability of current fraudulent website templates.This method uses an im-proved SimHash algorithm to traverse the DOM tree of a webpage,extract website node features,calcu-late the weight of each node,and obtain the finger-print feature vector of the website through dimension-ality reduction.Finally,the random forest algorithm is used to optimize the training features for the best combination of parameters.This method automati-cally extracts fingerprint features from websites and identifies website template ownership based on these features.An experimental analysis showed that this method achieves a classification accuracy of 89.8%and demonstrates superior recognition.展开更多
This study examined the impact of teacher-student relationship quality on students’risk of bullying victimiza-tion and the mediating roles of student-student relationships and student engagement in this relationship....This study examined the impact of teacher-student relationship quality on students’risk of bullying victimiza-tion and the mediating roles of student-student relationships and student engagement in this relationship.A total of 656 Chinese junior high school students(females=361,mean age=13.75,SD=0.98)completed validated measures of teacher-student relationship quality,student-student relationship quality,student engagement,and bullying victimization.Regression analysis results indicated that higher teacher-student relationship quality predicted a lower risk of student bullying victimization.Serial mediating effect testing of the student-student relationship quality and student engagement revealed that these factors fully mediated the relationship between teacher-student relationship quality and bullying victimization,resulting in a lower risk of bullying victimization.The results showed that student-student relationship quality had a more substantial mediating effect than student engagement.Thefindings support the Socio-Ecological Framework,suggesting that within the Microsystem,interactions between individuals and their immediate environments significantly impact their behavior.Specifically,thesefindings suggest that good teacher-student relationships can enhance the quality of student-student relationships and student engagement,thereby preventing and reducing the occurrence of bullying victimization.展开更多
Objectives:This study investigates the association between victimization experience and the tendency to defend on behalf of victims during school bullying incidents in public settings,with a focus on the mediating eff...Objectives:This study investigates the association between victimization experience and the tendency to defend on behalf of victims during school bullying incidents in public settings,with a focus on the mediating effect of empathy and the moderating role of school level among Chinese children and adolescents.Methods:Data were collected by a cross-sectional survey.A total of 1491 students in Grades 4–11 participated(Boys=52.8%;Mean_(age)=13.00 years,Standard Deviation_(age)=2.31).Structural equation modeling is employed to test the hypotheses.Results:The results indicate that empathy measures partially mediate the relationship between victimization experience and defending tendency in public in-school bullying situations.In particular,individuals with a history of victimization typically demonstrate lower levels of empathy.They are less likely to protect victims in school bullying situations in the presence of others,which suggests that empathy plays a significant mediating role in this relationship.Group differences were found between primary and secondary school students,which indicates that the hypothesized model should be considered through a developmental perspective.Conclusions:The findings of this study emphasize the importance of children’s benign peer relationships,and practitioners are encouraged to prevent victimization in schools and care for students who have been victimized;specific measures include cultivating empathy,teaching defending skills that have been found to help reduce the adverse effects of victimization,and encouraging prosocial behavior during children's socialization development.展开更多
Background:In recent years,online trolling has garnered significant attention due to its detrimental effects on mental health and social well-being.The current study examined the influence of peer victimization on ado...Background:In recent years,online trolling has garnered significant attention due to its detrimental effects on mental health and social well-being.The current study examined the influence of peer victimization on adolescent online trolling behavior,proposing that hostile attribution bias mediated this relationship and that trait mindfulness moderated both the direct and indirect effects.Methods:A total of 833 Chinese adolescents completed the measurements of peer victimization,hostile attribution bias,trait mindfulness,and online trolling.Moderated mediation analysis was performed to examine the relationships between these variables.Results:After controlling for gender and residential address,the study found a significant positive correlation between peer victimization and online trolling,with hostile attribution bias serving as a mediator.In addition,trait mindfulness moderated the direct relationship between peer victimization and online trolling.Specifically,the effect of peer victimization on online trolling was attenuated when adolescents had high levels of trait mindfulness.The results of the study emphasized the joint role of peer and personal factors in adolescents’online trolling behavior and provide certain strategies for intervening in adolescents’online trolling behavior.Conclusion:The results of the study suggest that strategies focusing on peer support and mindfulness training can have a positive impact on reducing online trolling behavior,promoting adolescents’mental health,and their long-term development.展开更多
Background Efficient disaster victim detection(DVD)in urban areas after natural disasters is crucial for minimizing losses.However,conventional search and rescue(SAR)methods often experience delays,which can hinder th...Background Efficient disaster victim detection(DVD)in urban areas after natural disasters is crucial for minimizing losses.However,conventional search and rescue(SAR)methods often experience delays,which can hinder the timely detection of victims.SAR teams face various challenges,including limited access to debris and collapsed structures,safety risks due to unstable conditions,and disrupted communication networks.Methods In this paper,we present DeepSafe,a novel two-level deep learning approach for multilevel classification and object detection using a simulated disaster victim dataset.DeepSafe first employs YOLOv8 to classify images into victim and non-victim categories.Subsequently,Detectron2 is used to precisely locate and outline the victims.Results Experimental results demonstrate the promising performance of DeepSafe in both victim classification and detection.The model effectively identified and located victims under the challenging conditions presented in the dataset.Conclusion DeepSafe offers a practical tool for real-time disaster management and SAR operations,significantly improving conventional methods by reducing delays and enhancing victim detection accuracy in disaster-stricken urban areas.展开更多
AIM To identify health and psychosocial problems associated with bullying victimization and conduct a meta-analysis summarizing the causal evidence.METHODS A systematic review was conducted using Pub Med, EMBASE, ERIC...AIM To identify health and psychosocial problems associated with bullying victimization and conduct a meta-analysis summarizing the causal evidence.METHODS A systematic review was conducted using Pub Med, EMBASE, ERIC and Psyc INFO electronic databases up to 28 February 2015. The study included published longitudinal and cross-sectional articles that examined health and psychosocial consequences of bullying victimization. All meta-analyses were based on qualityeffects models. Evidence for causality was assessed using Bradford Hill criteria and the grading system developed by the World Cancer Research Fund.RESULTS Out of 317 articles assessed for eligibility, 165 satisfied the predetermined inclusion criteria for meta-analysis.Statistically significant associations were observed between bullying victimization and a wide range of adverse health and psychosocial problems. The evidence was strongest for causal associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, poor general health and suicidal ideation and behaviours. Probable causal associations existed between bullying victimization and tobacco and illicit drug use. CONCLUSION Strong evidence exists for a causal relationship between bullying victimization, mental health problems and substance use. Evidence also exists for associations between bullying victimization and other adverse health and psychosocial problems, however, there is insufficient evidence to conclude causality. The strong evidence that bullying victimization is causative of mental illness highlights the need for schools to implement effective interventions to address bullying behaviours.展开更多
Objective To examine relationships between weight status and different forms of bullying victimization among adolescents aged 11-18 years. Methods The relationships between weight status and bullying victimization （p...Objective To examine relationships between weight status and different forms of bullying victimization among adolescents aged 11-18 years. Methods The relationships between weight status and bullying victimization （physical, verbal, and relational） were examined utilizing data from the Guangdong Provincial Youth Health Behavior Survey. Data on height, weight, and victimization behaviors were collected by self-reporting from 12 439 subjects, Х^2 test and logistic regression were used to analyze relationships between weight and bullying victimization. Results The incidence of victimization for adolescents aged 11-18 years was 8.6%, with higher rates for boys （12.4%） than for girls （4.7%）. For children with normal, overweight and obese body mass index （BMI）, the incidence rates of victimization were 8,2%, 17.3%, and 11.5%, respectively. Compared to normal weight, overweight was a risk factor for bullying victimization（OR=1.60, 95% CI： 1.18-2.17）, and it also increased children＇s risk of being teased in a hurtful way （OR=2.13, 95% CI： 1.41-3.24） and being made fun of due to physical appearance （OR=3.58, 95% CI： 2.27-5.67）. Obesity only increased the risk for children of being made tim of due to physical appearance （OR=2.45, 95% CI： 1.44-4.15）. Conclusions The victimization for children at school is common in Guangdong province, China. Overweight and obese children are more likely to be victims of bullying behaviors, especially verbal victimization.展开更多
Using cross-sectional, self-report data this study investigates the effect of cyberbullying victimization on depression with gender and age as moderating factors. The sample (n = 1400) consisted of students in a large...Using cross-sectional, self-report data this study investigates the effect of cyberbullying victimization on depression with gender and age as moderating factors. The sample (n = 1400) consisted of students in a large public university in Kuwait. First, the results show that gender was a significant predictor of depression with females being higher than males on this measure. Second, age was a significant negative predictor with older subjects less likely than younger ones to experience depression. Finally, the study examined the interaction effect of gender and age with cyber-victimization. Results indicate that there is no significant interaction effect between gender and cyber-victimization. However, a significant interaction effect exists between age and cyber-victimization. Older subjects are likely to suffer more depression when exposed to cyber-victimization than younger ones.展开更多
This paper attempts to explore how Shylock in William Shakespeare＇s The Merchant of Venice （1995） and Heathcliff in Emily Bronte＇s Wuthering Heights （2003） were victimized who became victimizer later to heal the...This paper attempts to explore how Shylock in William Shakespeare＇s The Merchant of Venice （1995） and Heathcliff in Emily Bronte＇s Wuthering Heights （2003） were victimized who became victimizer later to heal their wound and compensate their loss and how they were victimized in turn in doing so. Shylock was victimized by the Christian society along with his own. His daughter left him in favor of the Christians. He later became a victimizer but was ironically victimized in turn in wreaking vengeance on his foes in the court. Similarly, Heathcliffs true spiritual love was rejected by His Catherine, neglected by everyone, physically and mentally abused. Later, he wreaked vengeance upon his foes but was victimized to death in turn. Shylock entered the court as a victimizer but left it as a victimized individual just as Heathcliff entered the Heights, after self-imposed exile, as a victimizer and left it as a victimized individual for good. Therefore, both of them experienced a cycle of victimization.展开更多
Although the threat of cybercrime is said to expand year by year recently, an actual impact of the threat has not estimated in Japan due to several reasons including inadequate statistics of cybercrime. The purpose of...Although the threat of cybercrime is said to expand year by year recently, an actual impact of the threat has not estimated in Japan due to several reasons including inadequate statistics of cybercrime. The purpose of this study is to estimate the volume of cybercrime in Japan and identify its characteristics based on the result of cybercrime victimization survey conducted by the study group for cybercrime of Nihon University （NU） in 2016. The study group obtained a cybercrime victimization rate of 5.36% and concluded that cybercrime victimization in Japan is quite serious comparing with other survey results and crime statistics. Furthermore, the study group explored how to figure out cybercrime victimization more precisely based on characteristics of cybercrime obtained by this survey and proposed a couple of appropriate measures to cope with cybercrime.展开更多
The scope of the paper is to empirically assess whether entrepreneurs experiencing difficulties in access-to-credit are vulnerable to some forms of victimization, especially when this refers to crimes more related to ...The scope of the paper is to empirically assess whether entrepreneurs experiencing difficulties in access-to-credit are vulnerable to some forms of victimization, especially when this refers to crimes more related to entrepreneurs＇ activity. The basic idea is that those entrepreneurs might be induced to fund themselves into the informal and criminal credit markets or, if informationally captured by a bank, can be exposed to requests from the financial intermediary that might also have a criminal profile. This has been investigated using an original data set with information collected through a victimization survey administered to entrepreneurs in Campania, the largest region in the South of Italy. The estimation results from a logistic equation are consistent with the hypothesis that, in presence of difficulties in accessing credit, the entrepreneur might incur in a higher risk of victimization.展开更多
文摘Online gaming has become a daily norm,leading to unique forms of game-bullying distinct from traditional cyberbullying due to its immersive nature and ranking systems.This study examined how game-bullying victimization(GBV)affects depression via self-esteem,moderated by resilience and the state offlow,among 359 Chinese MOBA(Multiplayer-online-battle-arena)gamers(30.7%female,mean age=23.8 years,SD=4.57 years).The analysis revealed a direct link between GBV and depression.Self-esteem mediates this relationship,with higher GBV associated with lower self-esteem and subsequently greater depression.Resilience moderates both direct and indirect effects,mitigating GBV’s impact on self-esteem and depression in those with higher resilience.However,the state offlow did not moderate the mediation process.These results underscore that game-bullying affects more than just gaming addicts,highlighting the crucial roles of self-esteem and resilience.Thefindings suggest expanding the SOR model to account for personality traits susceptible to GBV,an emerging psychological harm.
基金Supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation of Ministry of Education of China Project,No.22YJC190023.
文摘BACKGROUND Peer bullying victimization(PBV)is a significant public health issue that adolescents often face,with approximately one-third having experienced PBV.Understanding its interrelationships with mental health problems is crucial for effective intervention.This study aims to examine the longitudinal relationships between internalizing problems(depression and anxiety),externalizing problems(aggression),and PBV among middle school students using cross-lagged panel network analysis.AIM To examine the longitudinal relationships between internalizing problems(depression and anxiety),externalizing problems(aggression),and PBV among middle school students using cross-lagged panel network analysis.METHODS A total of 1260 middle school students(54.6%male)participated in this study.Data were collected at two time points(time 1 and time 2)using self-report questionnaires to assess PBV,depression,anxiety,and aggression.Cross-lagged panel network analysis was applied to examine the bi-directional relationships between these variables over time.RESULTS Depression,particularly a“sad mood,”was the most significant predictor of both PBV and aggression.Cyberbullying victimization also emerged as a key factor influencing depression and anxiety.While anxiety had weaker and less consistent effects on PBV,aggression was predominantly influenced by depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances.The analysis also identified key symptoms,such as a“sad mood”and sleep disturbances,as crucial targets for intervention to mitigate the cycle of PBV,depression,anxiety,and aggression.CONCLUSION This study provides important insights for bullying victimization prevention and intervention strategies:(1)Early identification and intervention targeting depression,particularly a“sad mood,”and sleep disturbances;(2)The importance of addressing cyberbullying as a distinct factor influencing mental health;and(3)The need for comprehensive,longitudinal approaches to understanding and intervening in the interconnected mental health issues among adolescents.
基金This research is a phased achievement of The National Social Science Fund of China(23BGL272).
文摘Fraudulent website is an important car-rier tool for telecom fraud.At present,criminals can use artificial intelligence generative content technol-ogy to quickly generate fraudulent website templates and build fraudulent websites in batches.Accurate identification of fraudulent website will effectively re-duce the risk of public victimization.Therefore,this study developed a fraudulent website template iden-tification method based on DOM structure extraction of website fingerprint features,which solves the prob-lems of single-dimension identification,low accuracy,and the insufficient generalization ability of current fraudulent website templates.This method uses an im-proved SimHash algorithm to traverse the DOM tree of a webpage,extract website node features,calcu-late the weight of each node,and obtain the finger-print feature vector of the website through dimension-ality reduction.Finally,the random forest algorithm is used to optimize the training features for the best combination of parameters.This method automati-cally extracts fingerprint features from websites and identifies website template ownership based on these features.An experimental analysis showed that this method achieves a classification accuracy of 89.8%and demonstrates superior recognition.
基金supported by the 2024 Henan Province Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(Youth Project)entitled“Research on the Mechanism and Intervention of Self-Regulated Learning in Promoting Children’s Chinese Reading Comprehension”(2024CJY070).
文摘This study examined the impact of teacher-student relationship quality on students’risk of bullying victimiza-tion and the mediating roles of student-student relationships and student engagement in this relationship.A total of 656 Chinese junior high school students(females=361,mean age=13.75,SD=0.98)completed validated measures of teacher-student relationship quality,student-student relationship quality,student engagement,and bullying victimization.Regression analysis results indicated that higher teacher-student relationship quality predicted a lower risk of student bullying victimization.Serial mediating effect testing of the student-student relationship quality and student engagement revealed that these factors fully mediated the relationship between teacher-student relationship quality and bullying victimization,resulting in a lower risk of bullying victimization.The results showed that student-student relationship quality had a more substantial mediating effect than student engagement.Thefindings support the Socio-Ecological Framework,suggesting that within the Microsystem,interactions between individuals and their immediate environments significantly impact their behavior.Specifically,thesefindings suggest that good teacher-student relationships can enhance the quality of student-student relationships and student engagement,thereby preventing and reducing the occurrence of bullying victimization.
基金supported by the Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant Number 21YBQ005).
文摘Objectives:This study investigates the association between victimization experience and the tendency to defend on behalf of victims during school bullying incidents in public settings,with a focus on the mediating effect of empathy and the moderating role of school level among Chinese children and adolescents.Methods:Data were collected by a cross-sectional survey.A total of 1491 students in Grades 4–11 participated(Boys=52.8%;Mean_(age)=13.00 years,Standard Deviation_(age)=2.31).Structural equation modeling is employed to test the hypotheses.Results:The results indicate that empathy measures partially mediate the relationship between victimization experience and defending tendency in public in-school bullying situations.In particular,individuals with a history of victimization typically demonstrate lower levels of empathy.They are less likely to protect victims in school bullying situations in the presence of others,which suggests that empathy plays a significant mediating role in this relationship.Group differences were found between primary and secondary school students,which indicates that the hypothesized model should be considered through a developmental perspective.Conclusions:The findings of this study emphasize the importance of children’s benign peer relationships,and practitioners are encouraged to prevent victimization in schools and care for students who have been victimized;specific measures include cultivating empathy,teaching defending skills that have been found to help reduce the adverse effects of victimization,and encouraging prosocial behavior during children's socialization development.
基金supported by the Sichuan Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Foundation Project(General Project)titled‘Research on the Influence Mechanism and Intervention of Mindfulness on Online Trolling among Adolescents’(Grant Number:SCJJ23ND227).
文摘Background:In recent years,online trolling has garnered significant attention due to its detrimental effects on mental health and social well-being.The current study examined the influence of peer victimization on adolescent online trolling behavior,proposing that hostile attribution bias mediated this relationship and that trait mindfulness moderated both the direct and indirect effects.Methods:A total of 833 Chinese adolescents completed the measurements of peer victimization,hostile attribution bias,trait mindfulness,and online trolling.Moderated mediation analysis was performed to examine the relationships between these variables.Results:After controlling for gender and residential address,the study found a significant positive correlation between peer victimization and online trolling,with hostile attribution bias serving as a mediator.In addition,trait mindfulness moderated the direct relationship between peer victimization and online trolling.Specifically,the effect of peer victimization on online trolling was attenuated when adolescents had high levels of trait mindfulness.The results of the study emphasized the joint role of peer and personal factors in adolescents’online trolling behavior and provide certain strategies for intervening in adolescents’online trolling behavior.Conclusion:The results of the study suggest that strategies focusing on peer support and mindfulness training can have a positive impact on reducing online trolling behavior,promoting adolescents’mental health,and their long-term development.
基金Supported by European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program(739578)the Government of the Republic of Cyprus through the Deputy Ministry of Research,Innovation,and Digital Policy.
文摘Background Efficient disaster victim detection(DVD)in urban areas after natural disasters is crucial for minimizing losses.However,conventional search and rescue(SAR)methods often experience delays,which can hinder the timely detection of victims.SAR teams face various challenges,including limited access to debris and collapsed structures,safety risks due to unstable conditions,and disrupted communication networks.Methods In this paper,we present DeepSafe,a novel two-level deep learning approach for multilevel classification and object detection using a simulated disaster victim dataset.DeepSafe first employs YOLOv8 to classify images into victim and non-victim categories.Subsequently,Detectron2 is used to precisely locate and outline the victims.Results Experimental results demonstrate the promising performance of DeepSafe in both victim classification and detection.The model effectively identified and located victims under the challenging conditions presented in the dataset.Conclusion DeepSafe offers a practical tool for real-time disaster management and SAR operations,significantly improving conventional methods by reducing delays and enhancing victim detection accuracy in disaster-stricken urban areas.
文摘AIM To identify health and psychosocial problems associated with bullying victimization and conduct a meta-analysis summarizing the causal evidence.METHODS A systematic review was conducted using Pub Med, EMBASE, ERIC and Psyc INFO electronic databases up to 28 February 2015. The study included published longitudinal and cross-sectional articles that examined health and psychosocial consequences of bullying victimization. All meta-analyses were based on qualityeffects models. Evidence for causality was assessed using Bradford Hill criteria and the grading system developed by the World Cancer Research Fund.RESULTS Out of 317 articles assessed for eligibility, 165 satisfied the predetermined inclusion criteria for meta-analysis.Statistically significant associations were observed between bullying victimization and a wide range of adverse health and psychosocial problems. The evidence was strongest for causal associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, poor general health and suicidal ideation and behaviours. Probable causal associations existed between bullying victimization and tobacco and illicit drug use. CONCLUSION Strong evidence exists for a causal relationship between bullying victimization, mental health problems and substance use. Evidence also exists for associations between bullying victimization and other adverse health and psychosocial problems, however, there is insufficient evidence to conclude causality. The strong evidence that bullying victimization is causative of mental illness highlights the need for schools to implement effective interventions to address bullying behaviours.
基金funded by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
文摘Objective To examine relationships between weight status and different forms of bullying victimization among adolescents aged 11-18 years. Methods The relationships between weight status and bullying victimization （physical, verbal, and relational） were examined utilizing data from the Guangdong Provincial Youth Health Behavior Survey. Data on height, weight, and victimization behaviors were collected by self-reporting from 12 439 subjects, Х^2 test and logistic regression were used to analyze relationships between weight and bullying victimization. Results The incidence of victimization for adolescents aged 11-18 years was 8.6%, with higher rates for boys （12.4%） than for girls （4.7%）. For children with normal, overweight and obese body mass index （BMI）, the incidence rates of victimization were 8,2%, 17.3%, and 11.5%, respectively. Compared to normal weight, overweight was a risk factor for bullying victimization（OR=1.60, 95% CI： 1.18-2.17）, and it also increased children＇s risk of being teased in a hurtful way （OR=2.13, 95% CI： 1.41-3.24） and being made fun of due to physical appearance （OR=3.58, 95% CI： 2.27-5.67）. Obesity only increased the risk for children of being made tim of due to physical appearance （OR=2.45, 95% CI： 1.44-4.15）. Conclusions The victimization for children at school is common in Guangdong province, China. Overweight and obese children are more likely to be victims of bullying behaviors, especially verbal victimization.
文摘Using cross-sectional, self-report data this study investigates the effect of cyberbullying victimization on depression with gender and age as moderating factors. The sample (n = 1400) consisted of students in a large public university in Kuwait. First, the results show that gender was a significant predictor of depression with females being higher than males on this measure. Second, age was a significant negative predictor with older subjects less likely than younger ones to experience depression. Finally, the study examined the interaction effect of gender and age with cyber-victimization. Results indicate that there is no significant interaction effect between gender and cyber-victimization. However, a significant interaction effect exists between age and cyber-victimization. Older subjects are likely to suffer more depression when exposed to cyber-victimization than younger ones.
文摘This paper attempts to explore how Shylock in William Shakespeare＇s The Merchant of Venice （1995） and Heathcliff in Emily Bronte＇s Wuthering Heights （2003） were victimized who became victimizer later to heal their wound and compensate their loss and how they were victimized in turn in doing so. Shylock was victimized by the Christian society along with his own. His daughter left him in favor of the Christians. He later became a victimizer but was ironically victimized in turn in wreaking vengeance on his foes in the court. Similarly, Heathcliffs true spiritual love was rejected by His Catherine, neglected by everyone, physically and mentally abused. Later, he wreaked vengeance upon his foes but was victimized to death in turn. Shylock entered the court as a victimizer but left it as a victimized individual just as Heathcliff entered the Heights, after self-imposed exile, as a victimizer and left it as a victimized individual for good. Therefore, both of them experienced a cycle of victimization.
文摘Although the threat of cybercrime is said to expand year by year recently, an actual impact of the threat has not estimated in Japan due to several reasons including inadequate statistics of cybercrime. The purpose of this study is to estimate the volume of cybercrime in Japan and identify its characteristics based on the result of cybercrime victimization survey conducted by the study group for cybercrime of Nihon University （NU） in 2016. The study group obtained a cybercrime victimization rate of 5.36% and concluded that cybercrime victimization in Japan is quite serious comparing with other survey results and crime statistics. Furthermore, the study group explored how to figure out cybercrime victimization more precisely based on characteristics of cybercrime obtained by this survey and proposed a couple of appropriate measures to cope with cybercrime.
文摘The scope of the paper is to empirically assess whether entrepreneurs experiencing difficulties in access-to-credit are vulnerable to some forms of victimization, especially when this refers to crimes more related to entrepreneurs＇ activity. The basic idea is that those entrepreneurs might be induced to fund themselves into the informal and criminal credit markets or, if informationally captured by a bank, can be exposed to requests from the financial intermediary that might also have a criminal profile. This has been investigated using an original data set with information collected through a victimization survey administered to entrepreneurs in Campania, the largest region in the South of Italy. The estimation results from a logistic equation are consistent with the hypothesis that, in presence of difficulties in accessing credit, the entrepreneur might incur in a higher risk of victimization.
