Highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)H5 viruses have caused widespread mortality in wild birds and poultry,with increasing spillover risk into mammals.The recently dominant clade 2.3.4.4b has produced multiple epide...Highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)H5 viruses have caused widespread mortality in wild birds and poultry,with increasing spillover risk into mammals.The recently dominant clade 2.3.4.4b has produced multiple epidemic waves,first driven by H5N8 and more recently by H5N1,which has spread more rapidly,infected a broader host range,and caused higher mortality.While earlier studies identified consistent roles of waterbird community composition in shaping HPAI outbreaks,it remains unclear whether these factors also apply to the currently circulating H5N1.We analyzed HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in European wild birds during the 2021/22epidemic,examining the influence of waterbird communities and environmental variables,and compared these patterns with earlier epidemics,including H5N1 in 2005/06 and H5N8 in 2016/17 and 2020/21.Our results showed that waterbird abundance,species richness,and the abundance of key species were positively associated with disease occurrence,whereas phylogenetic diversity was negatively associated,suggesting greater interspecific transmission among closely related hosts.Models trained on earlier epidemics accurately predicted the H5N1 occurrence in 2021/22.These findings demonstrate consistent effects of waterbird community composition across multiple epidemics and highlight their values as predictors of HPAI risk.Integrating community metrics into surveillance and early-warning systems can strengthen our capacity to anticipate future outbreaks across clades and subtypes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H member 1(SERPINH1)was initially recognized as an oncogene implicated in various human malignancies.Nevertheless,the clinical relevance and functional implications of SERPI...BACKGROUND Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H member 1(SERPINH1)was initially recognized as an oncogene implicated in various human malignancies.Nevertheless,the clinical relevance and functional implications of SERPINH1 in colorectal cancer(CRC)remain largely elusive.AIM To investigate the effects of SERPINH1 on CRC cells and its specific mechanism.METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,western blotting analysis,The Cancer Genome Atlas data mining and immunohistochemistry were employed to examine SERPINH1 expression in CRC cell lines and tissues.A series of in-vitro assays were performed to demonstrate the function of SERPINH1 and its possible mechanisms in CRC.RESULTS SERPINH1 demonstrated elevated expression levels in both CRC cells and tissues,manifested at both mRNA and protein tiers.Elevated SERPINH1 levels correlated closely with advanced T stage,lymph node involvement,and distant metastasis,exhibiting a significant association with poorer overall survival among CRC patients.Subsequent investigations unveiled that SERPINH1 overexpression notably bolstered CRC cell proliferation,invasion,and migration in vitro,while conversely,SERPINH1 knockdown elicited the opposite effects.Gene set enrichment analysis underscored a correlation between SERPINH1 upregulation and genes associated with cell cycle regulation.Our findings underscored the capacity of heightened SERPINH1 levels to expedite G1/S phase cell cycle progression via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway activation,thereby facilitating CRC cell invasion and migration.CONCLUSION These findings imply a crucial involvement of SERPINH1 in the advancement and escalation of CRC,potentially positioning it as a novel candidate for prognostic assessment and therapeutic intervention in CRC management.展开更多
Candida auris since it discovery in 2009 is becoming a severe threat to human health due to its very quickly spread, its worldwide high resistance to systemic antifungal drugs. In resource-constrained settings where s...Candida auris since it discovery in 2009 is becoming a severe threat to human health due to its very quickly spread, its worldwide high resistance to systemic antifungal drugs. In resource-constrained settings where several conditions are met for its emergence and spread, this worrisome fungus could cause large hospital and/or community-based outbreaks. This review aimed to summarize the available data on C. auris in Africa focusing on its epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile. Major databases were searched for articles on the epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile of C. auris in Africa. Out of 2,521 articles identified 22 met the inclusion criteria. In Africa, nearly 89% of African countries have no published data on C. auris. The prevalence of C. auris in Africa was 8.74%. The case fatality rate of C. auris infection in Africa was 39.46%. The main C. auris risk factors reported in Africa were cardiovascular disease, renal failure, diabetes, HIV, recent intake of antimicrobial drugs, ICU admissions, surgery, hemodialysis, parenteral nutrition and indwelling devices. Four phylogenetic clades were reported in Africa, namely clades I, II, III and IV. Candida auris showed a pan-African very high resistance rate to fluconazole, moderate resistance to amphotericin B, and high susceptibility to echinocandins. Finally, C. auris clade-specific mutations were observed within the ERG2, ERG3, ERG9, ERG11, FKS1, TAC1b and MRR1 genes in Africa. This systematic review showed the presence of C. auris in the African continent and a worrying unavailability of data on this resilient fungus in most African countries.展开更多
As the global community continues to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic,the World Health Organization has issued a warning of another viral infection,mpox(monkeypox),that can pose a significant threat to public health...As the global community continues to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic,the World Health Organization has issued a warning of another viral infection,mpox(monkeypox),that can pose a significant threat to public health.Mpox was once endemic in Africa but has spread globally,prompting the World Health Organization to declare it a public health emergency.In response,healthcare personnel must initiate timely,decisive,and robust action before the infection escalates.Moreover,accurate diagnosis is crucial,given the similarity between mpox and other rash-causing infections.This article provides a comprehensive overview of the symptoms,differentiating it from similar diseases,risk assessment,and treatment strategies.In addition,it aims to educate healthcare personnel with the necessary knowledge to educate others and take preventative measures when handling cases,thereby avoiding the spread of infection.展开更多
One caveat to the dinosaur’s extinction is the conclusion that avian dinosaurs survived and became ancestors of birds. Their mobility enabled them to migrate great distances and find the nutrients needed to survive. ...One caveat to the dinosaur’s extinction is the conclusion that avian dinosaurs survived and became ancestors of birds. Their mobility enabled them to migrate great distances and find the nutrients needed to survive. Given this scenario, could the current observable migration of birds (the “dinosaurian offspring”) now be related? Migration is the regular seasonal movement undertaken by many species of birds, with the most common pattern, flying north in the Northern spring to breed in the temperate or Arctic summer and returning in the Northern autumn to wintering grounds in warmer regions of the south. The primary motivation for migration appears to be food. None of the major North-South migratory pathways fly over the Caribbean but three main fly ways, past to the west of the theorized K-T impact centre. Due to their ability to fly, the “avian Dinosaurs” adapted and survived very quickly in response to the disaster that marked the K-T boundary. It is an interesting speculation that the avian migration that we witness today is rooted in an event that occurred 66 million years ago! But it does explain why the migratory birds mostly fly from Polar summer to polar summer when they could just be as easily fly from Polar zone to the warmer equatorial region and back. In the recent article in Nature by Melanie During about identifying the late spring timing of the “Astro disaster”, it can be cited as consistent with my speculation. A late April early May Impact as suggested by During would have seen these migrations completely. The western migratory routes would have been found to be “luxurious” in vegetation in that first northern autumn after the “Astro-impact” while all eastern routes would have still been barren.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271605)。
文摘Highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)H5 viruses have caused widespread mortality in wild birds and poultry,with increasing spillover risk into mammals.The recently dominant clade 2.3.4.4b has produced multiple epidemic waves,first driven by H5N8 and more recently by H5N1,which has spread more rapidly,infected a broader host range,and caused higher mortality.While earlier studies identified consistent roles of waterbird community composition in shaping HPAI outbreaks,it remains unclear whether these factors also apply to the currently circulating H5N1.We analyzed HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in European wild birds during the 2021/22epidemic,examining the influence of waterbird communities and environmental variables,and compared these patterns with earlier epidemics,including H5N1 in 2005/06 and H5N8 in 2016/17 and 2020/21.Our results showed that waterbird abundance,species richness,and the abundance of key species were positively associated with disease occurrence,whereas phylogenetic diversity was negatively associated,suggesting greater interspecific transmission among closely related hosts.Models trained on earlier epidemics accurately predicted the H5N1 occurrence in 2021/22.These findings demonstrate consistent effects of waterbird community composition across multiple epidemics and highlight their values as predictors of HPAI risk.Integrating community metrics into surveillance and early-warning systems can strengthen our capacity to anticipate future outbreaks across clades and subtypes.
基金Supported by Ruian Natural Science Foundation,No.MS2021008.
文摘BACKGROUND Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H member 1(SERPINH1)was initially recognized as an oncogene implicated in various human malignancies.Nevertheless,the clinical relevance and functional implications of SERPINH1 in colorectal cancer(CRC)remain largely elusive.AIM To investigate the effects of SERPINH1 on CRC cells and its specific mechanism.METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,western blotting analysis,The Cancer Genome Atlas data mining and immunohistochemistry were employed to examine SERPINH1 expression in CRC cell lines and tissues.A series of in-vitro assays were performed to demonstrate the function of SERPINH1 and its possible mechanisms in CRC.RESULTS SERPINH1 demonstrated elevated expression levels in both CRC cells and tissues,manifested at both mRNA and protein tiers.Elevated SERPINH1 levels correlated closely with advanced T stage,lymph node involvement,and distant metastasis,exhibiting a significant association with poorer overall survival among CRC patients.Subsequent investigations unveiled that SERPINH1 overexpression notably bolstered CRC cell proliferation,invasion,and migration in vitro,while conversely,SERPINH1 knockdown elicited the opposite effects.Gene set enrichment analysis underscored a correlation between SERPINH1 upregulation and genes associated with cell cycle regulation.Our findings underscored the capacity of heightened SERPINH1 levels to expedite G1/S phase cell cycle progression via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway activation,thereby facilitating CRC cell invasion and migration.CONCLUSION These findings imply a crucial involvement of SERPINH1 in the advancement and escalation of CRC,potentially positioning it as a novel candidate for prognostic assessment and therapeutic intervention in CRC management.
文摘Candida auris since it discovery in 2009 is becoming a severe threat to human health due to its very quickly spread, its worldwide high resistance to systemic antifungal drugs. In resource-constrained settings where several conditions are met for its emergence and spread, this worrisome fungus could cause large hospital and/or community-based outbreaks. This review aimed to summarize the available data on C. auris in Africa focusing on its epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile. Major databases were searched for articles on the epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile of C. auris in Africa. Out of 2,521 articles identified 22 met the inclusion criteria. In Africa, nearly 89% of African countries have no published data on C. auris. The prevalence of C. auris in Africa was 8.74%. The case fatality rate of C. auris infection in Africa was 39.46%. The main C. auris risk factors reported in Africa were cardiovascular disease, renal failure, diabetes, HIV, recent intake of antimicrobial drugs, ICU admissions, surgery, hemodialysis, parenteral nutrition and indwelling devices. Four phylogenetic clades were reported in Africa, namely clades I, II, III and IV. Candida auris showed a pan-African very high resistance rate to fluconazole, moderate resistance to amphotericin B, and high susceptibility to echinocandins. Finally, C. auris clade-specific mutations were observed within the ERG2, ERG3, ERG9, ERG11, FKS1, TAC1b and MRR1 genes in Africa. This systematic review showed the presence of C. auris in the African continent and a worrying unavailability of data on this resilient fungus in most African countries.
文摘As the global community continues to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic,the World Health Organization has issued a warning of another viral infection,mpox(monkeypox),that can pose a significant threat to public health.Mpox was once endemic in Africa but has spread globally,prompting the World Health Organization to declare it a public health emergency.In response,healthcare personnel must initiate timely,decisive,and robust action before the infection escalates.Moreover,accurate diagnosis is crucial,given the similarity between mpox and other rash-causing infections.This article provides a comprehensive overview of the symptoms,differentiating it from similar diseases,risk assessment,and treatment strategies.In addition,it aims to educate healthcare personnel with the necessary knowledge to educate others and take preventative measures when handling cases,thereby avoiding the spread of infection.
文摘One caveat to the dinosaur’s extinction is the conclusion that avian dinosaurs survived and became ancestors of birds. Their mobility enabled them to migrate great distances and find the nutrients needed to survive. Given this scenario, could the current observable migration of birds (the “dinosaurian offspring”) now be related? Migration is the regular seasonal movement undertaken by many species of birds, with the most common pattern, flying north in the Northern spring to breed in the temperate or Arctic summer and returning in the Northern autumn to wintering grounds in warmer regions of the south. The primary motivation for migration appears to be food. None of the major North-South migratory pathways fly over the Caribbean but three main fly ways, past to the west of the theorized K-T impact centre. Due to their ability to fly, the “avian Dinosaurs” adapted and survived very quickly in response to the disaster that marked the K-T boundary. It is an interesting speculation that the avian migration that we witness today is rooted in an event that occurred 66 million years ago! But it does explain why the migratory birds mostly fly from Polar summer to polar summer when they could just be as easily fly from Polar zone to the warmer equatorial region and back. In the recent article in Nature by Melanie During about identifying the late spring timing of the “Astro disaster”, it can be cited as consistent with my speculation. A late April early May Impact as suggested by During would have seen these migrations completely. The western migratory routes would have been found to be “luxurious” in vegetation in that first northern autumn after the “Astro-impact” while all eastern routes would have still been barren.
