Introduction Trabeculae carneae are irregular structures that cover the endocardial surfaces of both ventricles of human heart and account for a significant portion of the ventricular mass.However,the role of trabecul...Introduction Trabeculae carneae are irregular structures that cover the endocardial surfaces of both ventricles of human heart and account for a significant portion of the ventricular mass.However,the role of trabeculae carneae in left ventricular(LV)function is not well understood.Previous reports suggested that trabeculae help squeeze blood from the apical region during systole[1].Our recent study suggests that trabeculae carneae hypertrophy and fibrosis contribute to increased LV stiffness in patients with diastolic heart failure,and severing free-running trabeculae carneae may improve diastolic compliance of the LV[2].Objective To understand the role of trabeculae carneae in the left ventricular diastolic and systolic functions using anatomically detailed patient-specific finite element models of the human LV.Methods(1)Image acquisition An explanted human heart was collected from a 63 year old female donor with a history of stroke and congestive heart failure within 24 hours postmortem from South Texas Blood and Tissue Center(San Antonio,TX).The heart was de-identified in accordance with Institutional Review Board(IRB)requirements and informed consent for research was obtained from the donor’s family.Three-dimensional MRI scanning was conducted on a 3T(128 MHz)MRI system(TIM Trio,Siemens Medical Solutions),comprised of a superconducting magnet with a 60 cm diameter accessible bore,when the heart was submerged in a saline filled plastic container.(2)Finite element analysis Three distinct LV models were derived from the MR images.The first model was the intact trabeculated model(TM)which contained all trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles.This high-resolution anatomically detailed 3D model of the LV was segmented from 2D MR images in DICOM format using Mimics(Materialise NV,Leuven,Belgium).The second model was the papillary model(PM),in which the papillary muscles remain intact but most of the trabeculae carneae were excluded in the smoothing process.The third model was the smooth model(SM)in which the trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles were excluded during image segmentation.Finite element(FE)models of the TM,PM and SM were created by meshing 3D reconstructions of the acquired MR images using tetrahedral elements(ICEM,Ansys Inc.,Canonsburg,PA).The mesh size was selected after a pilot study on mesh sensitivity.The passive cardiac muscle was characterized as a hyperelastic,incompressible,transversely isotropic material with a Fung exponential strain energy function.The material constants were determined by matching the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship with the empirical Klotz relation[3].A rule-based myocardial fiber algorithm was adopted to generate the myofiber directions[4].The active contraction(i.e.,systolic contraction)was modeled by the time varying'Elastance'active contraction model.The contractile parameter Tmax was determined and calibrated so that the FE predicted ejection fraction(EF)of TM matched the EF of a normal human heart at the specified end-systolic pressure[3].The analysis of the TM,PM,and SM models were implemented using the open-source finite element package FEBio(www.febio.org).In all models,the rigid body motion was suppressed by constraining the base from moving in all directions.The end-diastolic and end-systolic pressure-volume relationships(EDPVR and ESPVR)were obtained and characterized by an exponential function and the slope,respectively.Results Our simulation results showed that independent of the material model,the EDPVR curve shifts to the right in PM and SM compared to TM.However,the ESPVR curve may shift to the right or left in PM compared to TM,while shifting tothe right in SM for all material models.EDPVR was steeper in TM compared to PM and SM;however,ESPVR was found to be steeper in PM than in TM and SM.The predicted parameters of EDPVR and ESPVR showed lower average exponential term in PM and SM compared to TM,indicating a significant improvement in the compliance and global diastolic function of less trabeculated LV models(P<0.01).Similarly,the higher average elastance EEs and lower volume intersect in PM compared to TM,suggests that mild cutting of trabeculae carneae slightly improves the global systolic function of the LV(P=0.89).However,cutting all trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles in SM had a significant adverse effect on the global systolic function(P<0.01).Discussion and conclusions Most patient-specific LV studies in the literature have used smoothed ventricular geometries.We used high resolution MRI to capture the endocardial details of the LV.Though reproducing very fine trabeculae carneae was restricted by the MRI resolution,our results demonstrated the importance of considering endocardial structures,i.e.papillary muscles and trabeculae carneae,in the assessment of LV global function in patient-specific computational LV models.The present work is consistent with the observation that diastolic performance improved after severing trabeculae carneae due to a reduction in LV stiffness[2].Furthermore,our results also suggest that severing trabeculae carneae(without affecting papillary muscle)may improve LV systolic function.Our model results are consistent with experimental measurements using ex vivo rabbit heart perfusion[5].This improvement would be greater in hypertrophic hearts because trabeculae carneae are also hypertrophic and more fibrotic.Left ventricular hypertrophy is often associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF).There is no effective treatment for HFpEF,which is characterized by impaired diastolic relaxation due to increased LV stiffness.Our results indicate that trabecular cutting could be an effective treatment for HFpEF.展开更多
Phytochemical investigations of the aerial parts of Reineckia carnea, collected in Yunnan Province of China, were conducted to explore new chemical constituents. A series of chromatographic and spectroscopic procedure...Phytochemical investigations of the aerial parts of Reineckia carnea, collected in Yunnan Province of China, were conducted to explore new chemical constituents. A series of chromatographic and spectroscopic procedures were utilized on the aqueous solution after partitioned with ethyl acetate, which resulted in the separation of a new furostanol-type glycoside and four known compounds. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques（1D and 2D NMR, IR, HRESIMS） as 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（25S）-5β-furost-20（22）-en-1α,3β,26-triol-1-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-（1→2）-[α-Lrhamnopyranos-yl]-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside（1）,（1β,3β,16β,22S）-cholest-5-en-1,3,16,22-tetrol-1,16-di-（β-D-glucopyranoside）（2）, diosgenin（3）, β-sitosterol（4）, ecdysterone（5）.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to develop potential natural plant products for controlling walnut blight pathogen and other bacteria. [Method] Inhibitory effects of extracts obtained from 15 plants with 3 solven...[Objective] This study was conducted to develop potential natural plant products for controlling walnut blight pathogen and other bacteria. [Method] Inhibitory effects of extracts obtained from 15 plants with 3 solvents on bacteria were investi- gated by disk diffusion method. [Results] Except the extracts from Magnolia grandi- flora and Typha orientalis, extracts of 13 plant leaves presented inhibitory effects on 5 bacteria strains to certain degrees. Among them, the effect of water extract of Aesculu schinensis on Bacillus sp. XHE8 was the strongest, with inhibition zone di- ameter reaching （31.3＋3.9） mm and the ratio to control above 5.0. Four of the 5 tested strains were sensitive to the extracts of Sambucus chinensis, and 3 of them were inhibited by Ophiopegon japonicas extracts and Reineckia camea extracts, with ratios of treatment to control large than 1.5 in all. Leaf extract of A. chinensis had significant anti-bacteria ability, and could be used as a potential plant source for bactericide. [Conclusion] The results laid a foundation for exploring active com- pounds and elucidating the mechanism in it.展开更多
The aim of current study was to investigate the chemical components of the aerial part of Reineckia carnea,collected in Yunnan Province of China.Repeated column chromatography（CC）separations were performed to isolat...The aim of current study was to investigate the chemical components of the aerial part of Reineckia carnea,collected in Yunnan Province of China.Repeated column chromatography（CC）separations were performed to isolate and purify components. Compounds were identified by the analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR data as well as IR and MS spectra.A new pregnane-type glycoside,named 1α,3β-diol-5β-pregn-16-ene-20-one-1-O-α-L-arabinosyl-（1→2）-α-L-rhamnoside（1）,together withβ-amyrin（2）, stigmasterol（3）,α-spinasterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside（4）,naringenin（5）,β-sitosterol（6）and daucosterol（7）,were isolated from ethyl acetate（EtOAc）and normal butanol（n-BuOH）extracts.Compounds 2,4,5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.展开更多
Two new isospirostanol sapogenins named(25R)-5/%spirostane-(1αα3a)-diol(1)and(25R)-5/%spirostane-(1α,2α,3α,4α)-tetrol(2)were isolated from the whole herb ofReineckia carnea(Andr.)Kunth.The structures of the sapo...Two new isospirostanol sapogenins named(25R)-5/%spirostane-(1αα3a)-diol(1)and(25R)-5/%spirostane-(1α,2α,3α,4α)-tetrol(2)were isolated from the whole herb ofReineckia carnea(Andr.)Kunth.The structures of the sapogenins were elucidated by chemical and spectral methods.methods.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the active chloroform fraction of the ethanol extract oflpomoea carnea flowers on hematological changes in toluene diisocyanate-induced inflammation in Wistar rats. METHOD： Except for the control...AIM： To investigate the active chloroform fraction of the ethanol extract oflpomoea carnea flowers on hematological changes in toluene diisocyanate-induced inflammation in Wistar rats. METHOD： Except for the control group, all of the rats were sensitized with intranasal application of 5 μL of 10% toluene diiso- cyanate （TDI） for 7 days. One week after second sensitization, all of the rats were provoked with 5 ~tL of 5% TDI to induce airway hypersensitivity. After the last challenge, blood and bronchoalvelor lavage （BAL） fluid were collected and subjected to total and differential leucocytes count. Flash chromatography was performed on the most active chloroform fraction to isolate an individual component. RESULTS： Treatment with the ethanolic extract and its chloroform fraction at an oral dose of 200 mg·kg^ -1 showed a significant decrease in circulating neutrophil and eosinophil in blood and BAL as compared with standard dexamethasone （DEXA）. The structure of the compound obtained from chloroform fraction oflpomea carnea was elucidated as stigmast-5, 22-dien-3β-ol on the basis of spectral data analysis. CONCLUSION： The chloroform fraction was found to be more effective to suppress airway hyper reactivity symptoms, and de- creased count of both total and differential inflammatory cells.展开更多
The antifungal activities and phytochemical screening of two invasive alien species:Ageratina adenophora and Ipomoea carnea ssp.fistulosa of Nepal were studied.Distilled water and methanolic extract of the leaves of p...The antifungal activities and phytochemical screening of two invasive alien species:Ageratina adenophora and Ipomoea carnea ssp.fistulosa of Nepal were studied.Distilled water and methanolic extract of the leaves of plants were tested against five phytopathogenic fungi viz.Alternaria brassicae,Botrytis cinerea,Fusarium oxysporum,Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotium rolfsii at five different concentrations(50 mg/ml,100 mg/ml,150 mg/ml,200 mg/ml,250 mg/ml).The antifungal activity was performed by poisoned food technique;and linear mycelium growth reduction(LMGR)percentage was calculated.A qualitative phytochemical screening was performed for constituents such as tannins,saponins,terpenoids,alkaloids and flavonoids.The methanolic extract was more efficient as compared to the distilled water extract.A.brassicae,B.cinerea and S.rolfsii were found the most resistant fungi and F.oxysporum was found the most susceptible fungus.Out of two plants,A.adenophora was found more active against selected pathogens than Ipomoea carnea ssp.fistulosa.It can be concluded that the tested plants possess antifungal properties which may be used as alternative fungicides after further investigation.展开更多
The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of soil amendments and pest attack on plant-induced defense and their impact on a biological control agent’s behavior.The effects of olive mill waste...The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of soil amendments and pest attack on plant-induced defense and their impact on a biological control agent’s behavior.The effects of olive mill wastes revalorized through vermicomposting on the aboveground tri-trophic interactions among olive trees(Olea europaea),the olive seed-feeder,Prays oleae,and its natural predator,Chrysoperla carnea,were evaluated.The findings demonstrate that soil nitrogen and organic carbon levels,in conjunction with fungal diversity and functionality within olive roots,exert a significant influence on the volatile compounds emitted by the plant under attack that are most appealing to C.carnea.Moreover,the attractiveness of aerial volatiles was found to correlate with soil organic carbon content and the taxonomic and functional diversity of both bacteria and fungi in the olive root system.It is worthy of note that three particular volatile compounds,namely 5-hepten-2-one-6-methyl,acetic acid and nonanal,were consistently observed to attract C.carnea.These findings highlight the potential of soil amendments to enhance biological control strategies.Future research should prioritise the validation the greenhouse findings through large-scale field trials and the assessment of the practical applications of soil amendments in pest management programmes.展开更多
The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae）, is a global pest on numerous crops, including vegetables. Weekly inundative releases of a coccinellid predator （Coccinella undecimpu...The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae）, is a global pest on numerous crops, including vegetables. Weekly inundative releases of a coccinellid predator （Coccinella undecimpunctata L. [Coleoptera： Coccinellidae]）, a common green lacewing predator （Chrysoperla carnea Stephen [Neuroptera： Chrysopidae]）, and a mirid predator （Macrolophus caliginosus [Wagner] [Hemiptera： Miridae]） were independently made in three vegetable crops （cabbage [Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.], cucumber [Cucumis sativus L.], and squash [Cucurbita pepo L.]） for the management of the sweetpotato whitefly. Approximately 1 million to 2.5 million larvae or nymphs of each predator were released in the vegetable crops during 20 weeks. Whitefly populations were reduced by ≈ 25%-45% during most of the season in each crop where each predator was released. The effect of each predator was similar on whitefly population reduction. Late in the season （October） when whitefly populations were low, generally no benefit was obtained from releasing the predators. Numbers of predators recovered during sampling in all crops were greatest for C. carnea, but this corresponded with the fact that more individuals of this predator were released than any other predator in the experiment. These results help define the utility of these natural enemies for managing B. tabaci in vegetable crops.展开更多
Plant quality can directly and indirectly affect the third trophic level. The predation by all the instars of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea （S.） （Neuroptera： Chrysopidae） on the cereal aphids, Rhopalosiphum ...Plant quality can directly and indirectly affect the third trophic level. The predation by all the instars of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea （S.） （Neuroptera： Chrysopidae） on the cereal aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi （L.）, and Sitobion avenae （F.） at varying nitrogen fertilizer levels was calculated under laboratory conditions. Wheat plants were grown on four nitrogen fertilizer levels and aphids were fed on these plants and subsequently offered as food to the C. carnea. Aphid densities of 10, 30, and 90 were offered to first, second, and third instar larvae of green lacewing. Increased nitrogen application improved nitrogen contents of the plants and also the body weight of cereal aphids feeding on them. Aphid consumption by green lacewings was reduced with the increase in nitrogen content in the host plants of aphids. Predation of both aphid species by first, second, and third instars larvae of C. carnea was highest on aphids reared on plants with the lowest rate of fertilization, suggesting a compensatory consumption to overcome reduced biomass （lower aphid size）. Total biomass devoured by C. carnea on all nitrogen fertilizer treatments was not statistically different. Additionally, the heavier host prey influenced by the plant nutrition had an effect on the life history characteristics of green lacewings. The larval duration, pupal weight, pupal duration, fecundity, and male and female longevity were significantly affected by the level of nitrogen fertilization to the aphid＇s host plants, except for pupal duration when fed on S. avenae. This study showed that quantity of prey supplied to the larvae affects the prey consumption and thereafter the life history characteristics of green lacewings.展开更多
Objective:To assess the hepatoprotective effct of Ipomoea carnea(I.carrnea)extract against antitubercular drug-induced liver toxicity in experimental animals.Methods:I.carnea extracts(125,250 and 500 mg/kg,p.o.body we...Objective:To assess the hepatoprotective effct of Ipomoea carnea(I.carrnea)extract against antitubercular drug-induced liver toxicity in experimental animals.Methods:I.carnea extracts(125,250 and 500 mg/kg,p.o.body weight)were administered daily for 35 d in experimental animals.Liver toxicity was induced by combination of three antitubercular drugs(isoniazid 7.5 mg/kg,rifampicin 10 mg/kg and pyrazinamide 35 mg/kg)given orally as suspension for 35 d in rats.Treatment groups received I.carnea extracts along with antitubercular drugs.The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters like aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatise and total bilirubin.Meanwhile,in-vivo antioxidant activities as lipid peroxidation,reduced glutathione,superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured in rat liver homogenate along with ATPase and G-6-Pase.The biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination.Results:Obtained results demonstrated that treatment with I.carnea extracts significantly(P<0.05-P<0.001)and dose-dependently prevented drug induced increase in serum levels of hepatic enzymes.Furthermore,I.carnea extracts significantly(up to P<0.001)reduced the lipid peroxidation in the liver tissue and restored activities of defence antioxidant enzymes,reduced glutathione,superoxide dismutase and catalase towards normal levels.Histopathology of the liver tissue showed that I.carnea extracts attenuated the hepatocellular necrosis,massive fatty changes and led to reduction in inflammatory cells infiltration.Conclusions:The results of this study strongly indicate the protective effect of I.carnea extracts against liver injury,which may be attributed to its hepatoprotective activity,and there by scientifically support its traditional use.展开更多
Phenology shifts and range expansions cause organisms to experience novel day length-temperature correlations.Depending on the temporal niche,organisms may benefit or suffer from changes in day length,thus potentially...Phenology shifts and range expansions cause organisms to experience novel day length-temperature correlations.Depending on the temporal niche,organisms may benefit or suffer from changes in day length,thus potentially affecting phenological adaptation. We assessed the impact of day length changes on larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer),both of which prey on aphids.Larvae ofE.balteatus are night-active,whereas those of C.carnea appear to be crepuscular.We subjected both species in climate chambers to day lengths of 16 :8 L :D and,to circumvent diapause responses,20 :4 L :D.We recorded development times and predation rates of both species. E.balteatus grew 13%faster in the 16 :8 L :D treatment and preyed on significantly more aphids.In contrast,C.carnea grew 13% faster in the 20 :4 L :D treatment and higher predation rates in 20 :4 L :D were marginally significant.Our results show that day length affects development and predation,but that the direction depends on species. Such differences in the use of day length may alter the efficiency ofbiocontrol agents in a changing climate.展开更多
Understanding predator-prey interactions has a pivotal role in biological control programs. This study evaluated the functional response of three larval instars of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea （Stephens）, ...Understanding predator-prey interactions has a pivotal role in biological control programs. This study evaluated the functional response of three larval instars of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea （Stephens）, preying upon eggs and first instar larvae of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. The first and second instar larvae of C. carnea exhibited typeⅡ functional responses against both prey stages. However, the third instar larvae of C. carnea showed a type II functional response to the first instar larvae of H. armigera, but a typeⅢ functional response to the eggs. For the first instar larvae of C. carnea, the attack rate on H. armigera eggs was significantly higher than that on the larvae, whereas the attack rate of the second instar C. carnea on H. armigera larvae was significantly higher than that on the eggs. For the third instar larvae of C. carnea, the attack rate on the larvae was 1.015±0.278/h, and the attack coefficient on the eggs was 0.036 ±0.005. The handling times of the third instar larvae on larvae and eggs were 0.087 ± 0.009 and 0.071 ± 0.001 h, respectively. The highest predation rate was found for the third instar larvae of C. carnea on H. armigera eggs. Results of this study revealed that the larvae of C. carnea, especially the third instar, had a good predation potential in controlling H. armigera eggs and larvae. However, for a comprehensive estimation of the bio- control abilities of C. carnea toward H, armigera, further field-based studies are needed.展开更多
基金supported by a National Innovation Award(15IRG23320009)from the American Heart Association
文摘Introduction Trabeculae carneae are irregular structures that cover the endocardial surfaces of both ventricles of human heart and account for a significant portion of the ventricular mass.However,the role of trabeculae carneae in left ventricular(LV)function is not well understood.Previous reports suggested that trabeculae help squeeze blood from the apical region during systole[1].Our recent study suggests that trabeculae carneae hypertrophy and fibrosis contribute to increased LV stiffness in patients with diastolic heart failure,and severing free-running trabeculae carneae may improve diastolic compliance of the LV[2].Objective To understand the role of trabeculae carneae in the left ventricular diastolic and systolic functions using anatomically detailed patient-specific finite element models of the human LV.Methods(1)Image acquisition An explanted human heart was collected from a 63 year old female donor with a history of stroke and congestive heart failure within 24 hours postmortem from South Texas Blood and Tissue Center(San Antonio,TX).The heart was de-identified in accordance with Institutional Review Board(IRB)requirements and informed consent for research was obtained from the donor’s family.Three-dimensional MRI scanning was conducted on a 3T(128 MHz)MRI system(TIM Trio,Siemens Medical Solutions),comprised of a superconducting magnet with a 60 cm diameter accessible bore,when the heart was submerged in a saline filled plastic container.(2)Finite element analysis Three distinct LV models were derived from the MR images.The first model was the intact trabeculated model(TM)which contained all trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles.This high-resolution anatomically detailed 3D model of the LV was segmented from 2D MR images in DICOM format using Mimics(Materialise NV,Leuven,Belgium).The second model was the papillary model(PM),in which the papillary muscles remain intact but most of the trabeculae carneae were excluded in the smoothing process.The third model was the smooth model(SM)in which the trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles were excluded during image segmentation.Finite element(FE)models of the TM,PM and SM were created by meshing 3D reconstructions of the acquired MR images using tetrahedral elements(ICEM,Ansys Inc.,Canonsburg,PA).The mesh size was selected after a pilot study on mesh sensitivity.The passive cardiac muscle was characterized as a hyperelastic,incompressible,transversely isotropic material with a Fung exponential strain energy function.The material constants were determined by matching the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship with the empirical Klotz relation[3].A rule-based myocardial fiber algorithm was adopted to generate the myofiber directions[4].The active contraction(i.e.,systolic contraction)was modeled by the time varying'Elastance'active contraction model.The contractile parameter Tmax was determined and calibrated so that the FE predicted ejection fraction(EF)of TM matched the EF of a normal human heart at the specified end-systolic pressure[3].The analysis of the TM,PM,and SM models were implemented using the open-source finite element package FEBio(www.febio.org).In all models,the rigid body motion was suppressed by constraining the base from moving in all directions.The end-diastolic and end-systolic pressure-volume relationships(EDPVR and ESPVR)were obtained and characterized by an exponential function and the slope,respectively.Results Our simulation results showed that independent of the material model,the EDPVR curve shifts to the right in PM and SM compared to TM.However,the ESPVR curve may shift to the right or left in PM compared to TM,while shifting tothe right in SM for all material models.EDPVR was steeper in TM compared to PM and SM;however,ESPVR was found to be steeper in PM than in TM and SM.The predicted parameters of EDPVR and ESPVR showed lower average exponential term in PM and SM compared to TM,indicating a significant improvement in the compliance and global diastolic function of less trabeculated LV models(P<0.01).Similarly,the higher average elastance EEs and lower volume intersect in PM compared to TM,suggests that mild cutting of trabeculae carneae slightly improves the global systolic function of the LV(P=0.89).However,cutting all trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles in SM had a significant adverse effect on the global systolic function(P<0.01).Discussion and conclusions Most patient-specific LV studies in the literature have used smoothed ventricular geometries.We used high resolution MRI to capture the endocardial details of the LV.Though reproducing very fine trabeculae carneae was restricted by the MRI resolution,our results demonstrated the importance of considering endocardial structures,i.e.papillary muscles and trabeculae carneae,in the assessment of LV global function in patient-specific computational LV models.The present work is consistent with the observation that diastolic performance improved after severing trabeculae carneae due to a reduction in LV stiffness[2].Furthermore,our results also suggest that severing trabeculae carneae(without affecting papillary muscle)may improve LV systolic function.Our model results are consistent with experimental measurements using ex vivo rabbit heart perfusion[5].This improvement would be greater in hypertrophic hearts because trabeculae carneae are also hypertrophic and more fibrotic.Left ventricular hypertrophy is often associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF).There is no effective treatment for HFpEF,which is characterized by impaired diastolic relaxation due to increased LV stiffness.Our results indicate that trabecular cutting could be an effective treatment for HFpEF.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Gr ant No.81172943)
文摘Phytochemical investigations of the aerial parts of Reineckia carnea, collected in Yunnan Province of China, were conducted to explore new chemical constituents. A series of chromatographic and spectroscopic procedures were utilized on the aqueous solution after partitioned with ethyl acetate, which resulted in the separation of a new furostanol-type glycoside and four known compounds. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques（1D and 2D NMR, IR, HRESIMS） as 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（25S）-5β-furost-20（22）-en-1α,3β,26-triol-1-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-（1→2）-[α-Lrhamnopyranos-yl]-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside（1）,（1β,3β,16β,22S）-cholest-5-en-1,3,16,22-tetrol-1,16-di-（β-D-glucopyranoside）（2）, diosgenin（3）, β-sitosterol（4）, ecdysterone（5）.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation(31200488,31370692)Surface Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2014CFB573)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to develop potential natural plant products for controlling walnut blight pathogen and other bacteria. [Method] Inhibitory effects of extracts obtained from 15 plants with 3 solvents on bacteria were investi- gated by disk diffusion method. [Results] Except the extracts from Magnolia grandi- flora and Typha orientalis, extracts of 13 plant leaves presented inhibitory effects on 5 bacteria strains to certain degrees. Among them, the effect of water extract of Aesculu schinensis on Bacillus sp. XHE8 was the strongest, with inhibition zone di- ameter reaching （31.3＋3.9） mm and the ratio to control above 5.0. Four of the 5 tested strains were sensitive to the extracts of Sambucus chinensis, and 3 of them were inhibited by Ophiopegon japonicas extracts and Reineckia camea extracts, with ratios of treatment to control large than 1.5 in all. Leaf extract of A. chinensis had significant anti-bacteria ability, and could be used as a potential plant source for bactericide. [Conclusion] The results laid a foundation for exploring active com- pounds and elucidating the mechanism in it.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30973628)
文摘The aim of current study was to investigate the chemical components of the aerial part of Reineckia carnea,collected in Yunnan Province of China.Repeated column chromatography（CC）separations were performed to isolate and purify components. Compounds were identified by the analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR data as well as IR and MS spectra.A new pregnane-type glycoside,named 1α,3β-diol-5β-pregn-16-ene-20-one-1-O-α-L-arabinosyl-（1→2）-α-L-rhamnoside（1）,together withβ-amyrin（2）, stigmasterol（3）,α-spinasterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside（4）,naringenin（5）,β-sitosterol（6）and daucosterol（7）,were isolated from ethyl acetate（EtOAc）and normal butanol（n-BuOH）extracts.Compounds 2,4,5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 81001694)
文摘Two new isospirostanol sapogenins named(25R)-5/%spirostane-(1αα3a)-diol(1)and(25R)-5/%spirostane-(1α,2α,3α,4α)-tetrol(2)were isolated from the whole herb ofReineckia carnea(Andr.)Kunth.The structures of the sapogenins were elucidated by chemical and spectral methods.methods.
文摘AIM： To investigate the active chloroform fraction of the ethanol extract oflpomoea carnea flowers on hematological changes in toluene diisocyanate-induced inflammation in Wistar rats. METHOD： Except for the control group, all of the rats were sensitized with intranasal application of 5 μL of 10% toluene diiso- cyanate （TDI） for 7 days. One week after second sensitization, all of the rats were provoked with 5 ~tL of 5% TDI to induce airway hypersensitivity. After the last challenge, blood and bronchoalvelor lavage （BAL） fluid were collected and subjected to total and differential leucocytes count. Flash chromatography was performed on the most active chloroform fraction to isolate an individual component. RESULTS： Treatment with the ethanolic extract and its chloroform fraction at an oral dose of 200 mg·kg^ -1 showed a significant decrease in circulating neutrophil and eosinophil in blood and BAL as compared with standard dexamethasone （DEXA）. The structure of the compound obtained from chloroform fraction oflpomea carnea was elucidated as stigmast-5, 22-dien-3β-ol on the basis of spectral data analysis. CONCLUSION： The chloroform fraction was found to be more effective to suppress airway hyper reactivity symptoms, and de- creased count of both total and differential inflammatory cells.
基金University Grants Commissions,Nepal for financial support。
文摘The antifungal activities and phytochemical screening of two invasive alien species:Ageratina adenophora and Ipomoea carnea ssp.fistulosa of Nepal were studied.Distilled water and methanolic extract of the leaves of plants were tested against five phytopathogenic fungi viz.Alternaria brassicae,Botrytis cinerea,Fusarium oxysporum,Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotium rolfsii at five different concentrations(50 mg/ml,100 mg/ml,150 mg/ml,200 mg/ml,250 mg/ml).The antifungal activity was performed by poisoned food technique;and linear mycelium growth reduction(LMGR)percentage was calculated.A qualitative phytochemical screening was performed for constituents such as tannins,saponins,terpenoids,alkaloids and flavonoids.The methanolic extract was more efficient as compared to the distilled water extract.A.brassicae,B.cinerea and S.rolfsii were found the most resistant fungi and F.oxysporum was found the most susceptible fungus.Out of two plants,A.adenophora was found more active against selected pathogens than Ipomoea carnea ssp.fistulosa.It can be concluded that the tested plants possess antifungal properties which may be used as alternative fungicides after further investigation.
基金supported by grant P20-00139 funded by Consejería de Transformación Económica,Industria,Conocimiento y Universidades,Junta de Andalucía,and by“ERDF A way of making EuropeOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.
文摘The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of soil amendments and pest attack on plant-induced defense and their impact on a biological control agent’s behavior.The effects of olive mill wastes revalorized through vermicomposting on the aboveground tri-trophic interactions among olive trees(Olea europaea),the olive seed-feeder,Prays oleae,and its natural predator,Chrysoperla carnea,were evaluated.The findings demonstrate that soil nitrogen and organic carbon levels,in conjunction with fungal diversity and functionality within olive roots,exert a significant influence on the volatile compounds emitted by the plant under attack that are most appealing to C.carnea.Moreover,the attractiveness of aerial volatiles was found to correlate with soil organic carbon content and the taxonomic and functional diversity of both bacteria and fungi in the olive root system.It is worthy of note that three particular volatile compounds,namely 5-hepten-2-one-6-methyl,acetic acid and nonanal,were consistently observed to attract C.carnea.These findings highlight the potential of soil amendments to enhance biological control strategies.Future research should prioritise the validation the greenhouse findings through large-scale field trials and the assessment of the practical applications of soil amendments in pest management programmes.
文摘The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae）, is a global pest on numerous crops, including vegetables. Weekly inundative releases of a coccinellid predator （Coccinella undecimpunctata L. [Coleoptera： Coccinellidae]）, a common green lacewing predator （Chrysoperla carnea Stephen [Neuroptera： Chrysopidae]）, and a mirid predator （Macrolophus caliginosus [Wagner] [Hemiptera： Miridae]） were independently made in three vegetable crops （cabbage [Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.], cucumber [Cucumis sativus L.], and squash [Cucurbita pepo L.]） for the management of the sweetpotato whitefly. Approximately 1 million to 2.5 million larvae or nymphs of each predator were released in the vegetable crops during 20 weeks. Whitefly populations were reduced by ≈ 25%-45% during most of the season in each crop where each predator was released. The effect of each predator was similar on whitefly population reduction. Late in the season （October） when whitefly populations were low, generally no benefit was obtained from releasing the predators. Numbers of predators recovered during sampling in all crops were greatest for C. carnea, but this corresponded with the fact that more individuals of this predator were released than any other predator in the experiment. These results help define the utility of these natural enemies for managing B. tabaci in vegetable crops.
文摘Plant quality can directly and indirectly affect the third trophic level. The predation by all the instars of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea （S.） （Neuroptera： Chrysopidae） on the cereal aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi （L.）, and Sitobion avenae （F.） at varying nitrogen fertilizer levels was calculated under laboratory conditions. Wheat plants were grown on four nitrogen fertilizer levels and aphids were fed on these plants and subsequently offered as food to the C. carnea. Aphid densities of 10, 30, and 90 were offered to first, second, and third instar larvae of green lacewing. Increased nitrogen application improved nitrogen contents of the plants and also the body weight of cereal aphids feeding on them. Aphid consumption by green lacewings was reduced with the increase in nitrogen content in the host plants of aphids. Predation of both aphid species by first, second, and third instars larvae of C. carnea was highest on aphids reared on plants with the lowest rate of fertilization, suggesting a compensatory consumption to overcome reduced biomass （lower aphid size）. Total biomass devoured by C. carnea on all nitrogen fertilizer treatments was not statistically different. Additionally, the heavier host prey influenced by the plant nutrition had an effect on the life history characteristics of green lacewings. The larval duration, pupal weight, pupal duration, fecundity, and male and female longevity were significantly affected by the level of nitrogen fertilization to the aphid＇s host plants, except for pupal duration when fed on S. avenae. This study showed that quantity of prey supplied to the larvae affects the prey consumption and thereafter the life history characteristics of green lacewings.
基金Supported by Luqman College of Pharmacy,Gulbarga,Karnataka,(Grant No-LCP/GC/09).
文摘Objective:To assess the hepatoprotective effct of Ipomoea carnea(I.carrnea)extract against antitubercular drug-induced liver toxicity in experimental animals.Methods:I.carnea extracts(125,250 and 500 mg/kg,p.o.body weight)were administered daily for 35 d in experimental animals.Liver toxicity was induced by combination of three antitubercular drugs(isoniazid 7.5 mg/kg,rifampicin 10 mg/kg and pyrazinamide 35 mg/kg)given orally as suspension for 35 d in rats.Treatment groups received I.carnea extracts along with antitubercular drugs.The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters like aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatise and total bilirubin.Meanwhile,in-vivo antioxidant activities as lipid peroxidation,reduced glutathione,superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured in rat liver homogenate along with ATPase and G-6-Pase.The biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination.Results:Obtained results demonstrated that treatment with I.carnea extracts significantly(P<0.05-P<0.001)and dose-dependently prevented drug induced increase in serum levels of hepatic enzymes.Furthermore,I.carnea extracts significantly(up to P<0.001)reduced the lipid peroxidation in the liver tissue and restored activities of defence antioxidant enzymes,reduced glutathione,superoxide dismutase and catalase towards normal levels.Histopathology of the liver tissue showed that I.carnea extracts attenuated the hepatocellular necrosis,massive fatty changes and led to reduction in inflammatory cells infiltration.Conclusions:The results of this study strongly indicate the protective effect of I.carnea extracts against liver injury,which may be attributed to its hepatoprotective activity,and there by scientifically support its traditional use.
文摘Phenology shifts and range expansions cause organisms to experience novel day length-temperature correlations.Depending on the temporal niche,organisms may benefit or suffer from changes in day length,thus potentially affecting phenological adaptation. We assessed the impact of day length changes on larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer),both of which prey on aphids.Larvae ofE.balteatus are night-active,whereas those of C.carnea appear to be crepuscular.We subjected both species in climate chambers to day lengths of 16 :8 L :D and,to circumvent diapause responses,20 :4 L :D.We recorded development times and predation rates of both species. E.balteatus grew 13%faster in the 16 :8 L :D treatment and preyed on significantly more aphids.In contrast,C.carnea grew 13% faster in the 20 :4 L :D treatment and higher predation rates in 20 :4 L :D were marginally significant.Our results show that day length affects development and predation,but that the direction depends on species. Such differences in the use of day length may alter the efficiency ofbiocontrol agents in a changing climate.
文摘Understanding predator-prey interactions has a pivotal role in biological control programs. This study evaluated the functional response of three larval instars of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea （Stephens）, preying upon eggs and first instar larvae of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. The first and second instar larvae of C. carnea exhibited typeⅡ functional responses against both prey stages. However, the third instar larvae of C. carnea showed a type II functional response to the first instar larvae of H. armigera, but a typeⅢ functional response to the eggs. For the first instar larvae of C. carnea, the attack rate on H. armigera eggs was significantly higher than that on the larvae, whereas the attack rate of the second instar C. carnea on H. armigera larvae was significantly higher than that on the eggs. For the third instar larvae of C. carnea, the attack rate on the larvae was 1.015±0.278/h, and the attack coefficient on the eggs was 0.036 ±0.005. The handling times of the third instar larvae on larvae and eggs were 0.087 ± 0.009 and 0.071 ± 0.001 h, respectively. The highest predation rate was found for the third instar larvae of C. carnea on H. armigera eggs. Results of this study revealed that the larvae of C. carnea, especially the third instar, had a good predation potential in controlling H. armigera eggs and larvae. However, for a comprehensive estimation of the bio- control abilities of C. carnea toward H, armigera, further field-based studies are needed.
