BACKGROUND This case report describes myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis with kidney involvement in a patient with relapsing polychondritis,which was successfully treated with A...BACKGROUND This case report describes myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis with kidney involvement in a patient with relapsing polychondritis,which was successfully treated with Avacopan.Although relapsing polychondritis has been associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis,overlap can result in severe organ involvement,particularly renal damage progressing to end-stage kidney disease.This case presents a unique opportunity to evaluate the potential role of Avacopan as an alternative therapeutic option in managing myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis in the context of relapsing polychon-dritis highlighting a positive renal response despite treatment challenges.This is a case of a 69-year-old Caucasian woman who presented to our hospital’s emergency department with a 4 week history of inflammatory polychondritis affecting the auricular cartilage,accompanied by acute kidney injury.On admission,serum creatinine was elevated at 4.0 mg/dL,which progressively increased to 6.07 mg/dL on day 6.The renal biopsy revealed necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis affecting more than 50%of the glomeruli.She was treated with a total of 2500 mg intravenous methylprednisolone over 3 days followed by oral prednisone.Induction treatment included intravenous cyclophosphamide induction,with plans for a total of 2 doses followed by transition to rituximab.However the patient was unable to tolerate rituximab due to allergic reaction so intravenous cyclophosphamide was continued for a total of 6 doses(cumulative dose 3000 mg).In the setting of persistent acute kidney injury,Avacopan was added to the regimen 3 months after diagnosis.Maintenance therapy included azathioprine in addition to Avacopan.Prednisone gradually tapered off at 6 months.CONCLUSION Avacopan may be beneficial in treating anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with coexisting relapsing polychondritis,especially in cases where preservation of kidney function is critical.Further research will be essential to validate these findings and refine treatment protocols for such complex cases.展开更多
Mutations and rearrangements of mitochondrial genes cause plant cytoplasmic male sterility. It is a significant way to utilize hybrid vigor to enhance crop yield. Ogu cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) is a natural cytop...Mutations and rearrangements of mitochondrial genes cause plant cytoplasmic male sterility. It is a significant way to utilize hybrid vigor to enhance crop yield. Ogu cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) is a natural cytoplasmic male sterility type discovered in radishes, being successfully transferred to rapeseed and cruciferous vegetables. However, current studies lack depth in exploring the molecular mechanisms of its male sterility. This study confirmed that orf138 is the causal gene for Ogu CMS through the genetic transformation in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome analysis of aborted anthers in different stages suggested that differentially expressed genes(DEGs) are mainly enriched in pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. It reveals that key genes involved in lipid metabolism pathways are significantly down-regulated in the sterile line(OguA), including BnaGPAT1, localized within the tapetum mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum. This could lead to changes in the metabolism of substances like acylglycerols within the tapetum, causing disruptions in lipid metabolism. This is consistent with morphological and subcellular structural changes in the tapetum and microspore cells, as observed in the transmission electron microscopy. This abnormal lipid metabolism may trigger specific reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation in an oxidative stress response, ultimately leading to an aborted microspore. Our study based on transcriptome has deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Ogu CMS.展开更多
Honglian type-cytoplasmic male sterility(HL-CMS)is caused by the inter-communication between the nucleus and mitochondria.However,the mechanisms by which sterility genes regulate metabolic alterations and changes in m...Honglian type-cytoplasmic male sterility(HL-CMS)is caused by the inter-communication between the nucleus and mitochondria.However,the mechanisms by which sterility genes regulate metabolic alterations and changes in mitochondrial morphology in the pollen of HL-CMS remain unclear.In this study,we compared the morphological differences between the pollen of the male sterile line YA and the near-isogenic line NIL-Rf6 using hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)staining.HL-CMS is characterized by gametophytic sterility,where the aborted pollen grains are empty,and the tapetal layer remains intact.Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe mitochondrial morphological changes at the microspore stage,revealing significant mitochondrial alterations,characterized by the formation of'large spherical mitochondria',occurred at the binucleate stage in the YA line.Additionally,metabolomics analysis revealed decreased levels of metabolites associated with the carbohydrate and flavonoid pathways.Notably,the decrease in flavonoids was found to contribute to an elevation in reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Therefore,we propose a model in which rice fertility is modulated by the levels of pollen carbohydrates and flavonoid metabolites,with impaired mitochondrial energy production and reduced flavonoid biosynthesis as the main causes of ROS accumulation and pollen abortion in rice.展开更多
Some influential factors of anther culture were studied preliminarily by conducting anther culture of the restorers of new cytoplasmic male sterile （NER）. Several results were obtain from this experiment and they we...Some influential factors of anther culture were studied preliminarily by conducting anther culture of the restorers of new cytoplasmic male sterile （NER）. Several results were obtain from this experiment and they were listed as follow：① MS cultrure medium with such hormones as 2,4-D 2 mg/L,6-BA 0.5 mg/L, NAA 0.5 mg/L was the best suitable for callus induction of NER. ②The difference of induction rate was significantly different between different plant age groups. From the 110th day to 141th day,the induction rate was increased with the increase of age and the difference of induction rate reached 0.01 significant difference level. The induction rate reached the highest value in the 141th day then it declined gradually. ③The combined use of 2, 4-D and 6-BA with proper increase of 2,4-D was good for inducing callus. ④The green plantlet induction rate of NER was increased when the concentration of 6-BA increased from 2 mg/L to 4 mg/L. Adding ZT from 0.5 mg/L to 2 mg/L. 6-BA would led 2.47% increase of green plantlet olantlet induction rate.展开更多
This mini review explores the links between anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis(AAV)and kidney cancer.Several studies suggest an increased incidence of cancer for patients with AAV.Different can...This mini review explores the links between anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis(AAV)and kidney cancer.Several studies suggest an increased incidence of cancer for patients with AAV.Different cancer types have shown different standardized incidence ratios(SIRs)in association with AAV.The SIRs of kidney cancer were found to be between 1.7 and 3.3 as per three retrospective data analyses.This association is likely multifactorial,with increased de novo cancer risks associated with inflammatory diseases;carcinogenic therapies such as cyclophosphamide;and reduced immune surveillance of neoplastic cells in immunocompromised individuals.Some studies have proposed that cancers,including kidney cancer,could be a potential trigger for AAV.Due to variability in SIRs and a lack of multicenter studies looking specifically into the incidence of kidney cancer at AAV diagnosis and on follow-up post initiation of AAV treatment,there remains a lack of evidence to support formal screening for kidney cancer in the AAV patient cohort.Greater awareness on the increased risk of cancer in AAV patients,prompt urological assessment of“red flag”symptoms of kidney cancer,and smoking cessation advice to reduce cancer risk should be standard of care for patients with AAV.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection can lead to renal involvement,commonly manifested as HBV-associated glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN),which typically presents as nephrotic or nephritic syndrome.Antineutrophil cyto...BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection can lead to renal involvement,commonly manifested as HBV-associated glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN),which typically presents as nephrotic or nephritic syndrome.Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis(AAV)is a systemic disease characterized by immune necrotizing inflammation of small blood vessels involving multiple organs with complex and severe clinical implications.The coexistence of HBV-GN and AAV is sporadic,with limited data existing regarding its diagnosis,management,clinical outcomes,and prognosis,especially in patients with AAV.CASE SUMMARY This manuscript presents the case of an older male patient who presented with persistent foamy urine lasting over two weeks.Initial clinical findings included nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency,which subsequently progressed to involve the lungs,immune system,hematologic system,and other organ systems.The patient was diagnosed with HBV-GN complicated by AAV,a rare and complex condition.Despite receiving comprehensive treatment,including corticosteroids,cyclophosphamide for immune regulation,plasma exchange,and immunoadsorption targeting antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated antibodies,the patient required long-term dialysis and demonstrated a poor prognosis.CONCLUSION HBV infection may trigger nephropathy with AAV.Early recognition and intervention are crucial for improving patient prognosis.展开更多
LK783 was found to be a good fertility restorer for K-type male sterility of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). RAPD and ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphism) markers were employed to map the major restoring gen...LK783 was found to be a good fertility restorer for K-type male sterility of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). RAPD and ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphism) markers were employed to map the major restoring gene in LK783. Maintainer and restorer DNA pools were established using the extreme sterile and fertile plants among KJ5418A//911289/LK783 F 1 population, respectively. Four hundred and eighteen RAPD primers and 33 ISSR primers were used for screening polymorphisms between the two pools, and amplification bands using a RAPD primer of OPK18 and an ISSR primer of UBC-845 were found polymorphic between the two pools. Linkage analysis showed that OPK18 450 and UBC-845 800 were linked to the restoring gene in LK783. The distance between the restoring gene and OPK18 450 was (15.07±6.28) cM (centiMorgan), with the distance between the restoring gene and UBC-845 800 being (8.20±4.85) cM. The marker of UBC-845 800 was located on chromosome 1BS by amplifying nulli-tetrasomics and 1B ditelosomics of Chinese Spring with the primer of UBC-845, indicating that the restoring gene in LK783 was located on 1BS. The breeding for new fertility restorer lines of K-type cytoplasmic male sterility of wheat would be facilitated by using the two markers.展开更多
Histological changes that occur during microsporogenesis are documented in a gene-cytoplasmic male sterile rice ( Oryza saliva L.) line, Zhen Shan 97A, its maintainer line, Zhen Shan 97B, and the restorer line, Ce64 o...Histological changes that occur during microsporogenesis are documented in a gene-cytoplasmic male sterile rice ( Oryza saliva L.) line, Zhen Shan 97A, its maintainer line, Zhen Shan 97B, and the restorer line, Ce64 of a Mine hybrid rice production system. In the restorer line, Ce64, the developing microsporocytes have dense cytoplasm and a distinct set of circumferential microtubules around the nucleus. Successive cytokinesis results in the formation of tetrads. The microtubules within the cells of tetrads and microspores radiate from the surface of the nucleus towards the outer edge of the cytoplasm. Subsequent pollen development is normal. During the course of microspore formation tubulin speckles can be found in the cytoplasm. The general pattern of development and microtubule organization in the maintainer lined Zhen Shan 97B, is similar to Ce64, except that a few more tubulin speckles appear during microspore formation. In the case of the mate sterile line, Zhen Shan 97A, a number of abnormalities can be discerned during early microsporogenesis. These include vacuoles forming within the developing microsporocyte and faintly stained microtubules with no defined distribution pattern. Prominent tubulin speckles are common within the cytoplasm. For those microsporocytes that undergo meiosis, no defined organizational patterns of microtubules can be found within the tetrad. All microspores abort soon after. Abnormalities and defects in microtubule organization observed in Zhen Shan 97A showed that complex interactions between the cytoplasm and the nucleus began at very early stage of microsporocyte development.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to reveal the effect of photoperiod and temperature on male fertility of cytoplasmic male sterile line Vtai911289a in wheat and discuss the mechanism of male fertility alteration. [ Method ...[Objective] The study aimed to reveal the effect of photoperiod and temperature on male fertility of cytoplasmic male sterile line Vtai911289a in wheat and discuss the mechanism of male fertility alteration. [ Method ] The sowing-date tests and designed conditions were conducted during 2003 -2005. [ Result] Fertility of Vtai911289a, could alter under specific photoperiod and temperature conditions. Temperature is one of the main factors influencing male fertility of the male sterile lines. Vtai911289a, showed stable sterility under the condition of the mean of daily temperature at fertility sensitive stage lower than 19℃ and presented partial fertility when the mean of daily temperature at fertility sensitive stage lower than 20 - 22℃. Photoperiod to some extent affects the male fertility of Vtai911289a, long-day condition is helpful for the male fertility of the sterile line. [ Conclusion] The application of photoperiod temperature-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterile line in production has a higher safety than that of temperature sensitive sterile line.展开更多
Anthers of male sterile line and its maintainer line of Zidao type rice, Yingxiang A and Yingxiang B were studied by cytological methods, such as F-KI staining, silver nitrate staining and paraffin sections, It is fou...Anthers of male sterile line and its maintainer line of Zidao type rice, Yingxiang A and Yingxiang B were studied by cytological methods, such as F-KI staining, silver nitrate staining and paraffin sections, It is found that in Yingxiang A, there are some abnormalities in meiosis, represented by unequal division at the meiotic phase; the abortion of CMS line arises at the meiotic phase and is almost completed at the phase of monomicrospore, but only a tiny amount of aborted mi- crospores are observed; the abortion is complete and thorough, and none normal functional pollens are found; the morphology of aborted pollens is similar to that of typically aborted pollens; the tapetal cells still exist in anthers from the microsporocyte stage to the tetrad stage, but they are abnormally hyperplastic. However, in Yingxiang B, there are no abnormalities in meiosis at the meiotic phase; the tapetal cells exist in anthers before the tetrad stage, but they disappear completely when the pollen are mature. It is indicated that the abortion of CMS Yingxiang line mainly occurs at the meiotic phase, and is basically completed at the phase of monomicrospore. The abortion is probably caused by the abnormally hyperplastic tapetal cells. The abnormalities in tapetal cells may affect the normal development of pollens, resulting in the emergence of abortion. In addition, the abortion in Yingxiang A is complete and thorough, which is of great significance in hybrid breeding.展开更多
Acknowledgement It has been previously established that the BT type of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） is induced by high temperatures, while photosensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） seed sets by low temperatur...Acknowledgement It has been previously established that the BT type of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） is induced by high temperatures, while photosensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） seed sets by low temperatures induce. In the current study, we have bred photosensitive cytoplasmic male sterility （PCMS） lines （2308SA and 2310SA） by crossing the CMS line with the PGMS japonica line with maintainer genes. The sterility of PCMS japonica was consequently controlled by two groups of male sterile genes resulting from the integration of PGMS and CMS genes. The results on plant fertility, at different sowing times, were as follows： （a） Under conditions of natural long-day photoperiod and at temperatures above 35~C, the PGMS gene regulated PCMS japonica sterility - the higher the temperature, the lower the pollen fertility. However, bagged seed sets of PCMS japonica, not exposed to high temperatures, induced the CMS seed set. （b） Exposure to long-day photoperiod and temperature conditions between 35℃ and the critical sterility inducing temperature of PGMS resulted in both PGMS and CMS gene controlled sterility of PCMS japonica, which exhibited stable characteristics. （c） When exposed to critical sterility inducing temperatures or short-day photoperiod and daily high temperatures below 32℃, the BT type of the CMS gene regulated PCMS sterility. Under these conditions, the PGMS gene rendered male sterility insusceptible to occasional cool summer days when this PCMS line, adopted for hybrid seed production, develops into panicle differentiation stage. The present study also investigated the fertility restoration, seed production and combining ability of PCMS japonica so as to optimize its use.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of transgenesis by injecting exogenous DNA into zygote cytoplasm of Buffalo. [Method] Buffalo oocytes were randomly divided into two groups 20-22 h after in ...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of transgenesis by injecting exogenous DNA into zygote cytoplasm of Buffalo. [Method] Buffalo oocytes were randomly divided into two groups 20-22 h after in vitro maturation. One group of oocytes was introduced with about 7.5 pl of 50 μg/ml DNA solution containing linear EGFP fragment by cytoplasmic injection 7-10 h or 18-20 h after in vitro fertilization （IVF）; the other group of oocytes was introduced with mixture of a single buffalo sperm and about 7.5 pl of 50 μg/ml DNA solution containing linear EGFP fragment by cytoplasmic injection （generally called ICSI-Mediated Gene Transfer, ICSI-Tr）. Expression of exogenous DNA was observed and recorded during the process of embryonic development. [Result] Early embryonic gene expression efficiency and blastocyst gene expression efficiency in IVF injection group showed no significant difference compared with that in ICSI-Tr group （P0.05）. In addition, the cleavage rate and early embryonic gene expression efficiency in IVF injection group were significantly higher with injection at 7-10 h post IVF than that at 18-20 h post IVF （P0.05）. [Conclusion] These results indicate that transgenic buffalo embryos can be generated by injecting exogenous DNA into cytoplasm of IVF oocytes, and the optimal injection time is 7-10 h post IVF.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to improve the in vitro maturation quality of denuded porcine oocytes and provide scientific basis for establishing a stable and efficient denuded oocyte culture system. [Method] The first...[Objective] This study aimed to improve the in vitro maturation quality of denuded porcine oocytes and provide scientific basis for establishing a stable and efficient denuded oocyte culture system. [Method] The first polar body extrusion rate, oocyte glutathione （GSH） content, positive rate of brilliant cresyl blue （BCB） staining and development potential of activated oocytes or fertilized oocytes were employed as main indicators to investigate the effects of follicular mural granulosa cell （MGC） coculture on cytoplasmic maturation of cumulus cell-removal oocytes （Denuded Oocyte, DO）. [Result] According to in vitro maturation results, compared with DO group, the first polar body extrusion rate of porcine oocytes in DO＋MGC group was not significantly different, but the nuclear maturation process was improved and was more similar to that in COC （cumulus-oocyte complex） group. Detection of GSH content in mature oocytes showed that there was no significant difference between DO＋ MGC group （optical density of 1 053.67） and COC group （optical density of 1 426.00） or between DO＋MGC group and COC＋GC group （optical density of 1 541.00）, however, GSH content in mature oocytes of DO group （optical density of 724.67） was significantly lower than that of COC group and COC＋GC group （P0.05）. Detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase （G6PDH） activity showed that there was no significant difference in BCB positive oocyte rate between DO ＋MGC group （88.26% ） and COC group （92.75%） or between DO＋MGC group and DO group （82.86% ）, however, BCB positive oocyte rate of DO group was significantly lower than that of COC group （P0.05）. Furthermore, the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of activated mature oocytes derived from DO ＋MGC group （94.98% and 43.67% , respectively） were significantly higher than those from DO group （52.54% and 8.97%, respectively） （P0.05）, and were not significantly different compared with those from COC group （97.11% and 38.30%, respectively）. In addition, the cleavage rate of fertilized oocytes derived from DO＋MGC group （72.65%） showed no significant difference compared with that from DO group （63.59%）, but the blastocyst rate of DO＋MGC group was significantly higher than that of DO group （9.88%） （P0.05）. [Conclusion] MGC coculture can significantly improve the in vitro cytoplasmic maturation quality of denuded porcine oocytes, thereby enhancing the subsequent developmental potential.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to establish optimized system for NER isolated microspore culture of Brassica napus L.. [Method]Twenty varieties of NER of Brassica napus were grown under uncontrolled temperature and light cond...[Objective]The aim was to establish optimized system for NER isolated microspore culture of Brassica napus L.. [Method]Twenty varieties of NER of Brassica napus were grown under uncontrolled temperature and light conditions,and their isolated microspore from anthers were used as explants in vitro culture. The influencing factors of microspore culture were preliminarily studied. [Result]The difference of genotypes was important influencing factors to embryoid yield. The embryoid yield increased by supplementing with 6-BA and NAA,culturing in solid-liquid double layer medium with activated charcoal; The difference was not significant of embryoid yield between culturing in medium supplemented with colchicines and the CK. The rates of cotyledonous embryoids directly developed into normal plantlets increased through enriching with 0.1-0.2 mg/L NAA and being treated on slim illumination two days before being inducted into normal plantlets. [Conclusion]The technical system of microspore culture of restorer of new cytoplasmic male sterile （NER） was established,which and lays a foundation for accelerating genotype purification of NER introgressive line.展开更多
In an earlier report the ultrastructure and nucleoid organelles of male gamete in Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. have been described. Presently, the ultrastructure of the cytoplasm of the egg cell and pollen tube—imm...In an earlier report the ultrastructure and nucleoid organelles of male gamete in Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. have been described. Presently, the ultrastructure of the cytoplasm of the egg cell and pollen tube—immediately before fertilization and during cytoplasmic transmission of male gametophyte—has been described for the same species. The fate of parental plastids and mitochondria in the proembryo has also been followed. The mature egg cell contains a large amount of mitochondria, but seems to lack normal plastids. Most plastids have transformed into large inclusions. Apart from the large inclusions, there are abundant small inclusions and other organelles in the egg cell. During fertilization, pollen tube penetrates into the egg cell at the micropylar end and thereafter the contents are released. Plastid and mitochondrion of male origin are lacking near the fusing sperm_egg nuclei. The second sperm nucleus—not involved in karyogamy—remains at a site near the receptive vacuole. This nucleus is surrounded by large amount of male cytoplasm containing mixed organelles from the sperm cell, tube cell, and egg cell. At the free nuclear proembryo stage, organelles of male and female origin are visible in the perinucleus_cytoplasmic zone. Most of the mitochondria have the same morphological features as those in the egg cell. Some of the mitochondria appear to have originated from the sperm and tube cells. Plastids are most likely of male gametophyte origin because they have similar appearance as those of the sperm and tube cell. Large inclusions in the egg cell become vacuole_like. Paternal plastids have been incorporated into the neocytoplasm of the proembryo. In the cellular proembryo, maternal mitochondria are more abundant. Plastids resembling those of the sperm and tube cell are still present. These cytological results clearly show that in P. tabulaeformis, plastids are inherited paternally and mitochondria bipaternally. The cytological mechanism of plastid and mitochondrion inheritance in gymnosperm is discussed.展开更多
The cytological mechanism of plastid and mitochondrion inheritance in Pinus is an interesting research topic with only a limited number of published articles. The results indicate that the sperms of Pinus tabu...The cytological mechanism of plastid and mitochondrion inheritance in Pinus is an interesting research topic with only a limited number of published articles. The results indicate that the sperms of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. contain abundant plastids, mitochondria and organelle DNA. These data provide reliable cytological evidence of paternal plastid and mitochondrion inheritance in Pinus . The results are in line with the confirmed general rule of paternal plastid inheritance in Pinaceae. But whether mitochondria in sperm cells can be transmitted into the embryos is an issue needs further developmental studies. Another important finding is that contrary to earlier classification of the male gamete of Pinaceae into the male nuclei type, the results reveal that male gametes in Pinus tabulaeformis are actually cells. However, the sperm cells are only surrounded by plasma membranes without cell walls. The larger leading sperm cell in a pollen tube section is long in shape, with a large amount of cytoplasm; while the second sperm cell is smaller, round in shape and contains less cytoplasm. Whether this feature of the male gamete type could be considered as a representative characteristic of the family is discussed and further conclusions await more experimental evidences from studies on plants from different species.展开更多
Use of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in hybrid breeding requires effective male fertility-restoring lines. In sorghum, very few restoring lines that can restore fertility in A_3 CMS have been reported. To identify ...Use of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in hybrid breeding requires effective male fertility-restoring lines. In sorghum, very few restoring lines that can restore fertility in A_3 CMS have been reported. To identify the reasons for this deficiency, F_1 and F_2 hybrids of an A_3 CMS line crossed with the line IS1112C, a donor of fertility-restoring (Rf) genes for A_3 cytoplasm, and testcrosses of fertile plants to A_3CMS lines were grown under contrasting water availability regimes in dryland and irrigated field plots. In the irrigated plots the frequency of fertile plants in testcrosses was twice that in dryland plots (P < 0.05). Fertile plants from the F_2 family grown in the irrigated plots showed significantly higher restoration ability than fertile plants from the same family grown in dryland plots. F_3 plants from the F_2 family grown in irrigated plots yielded on average a sixfold higherfrequency of fertile plants in testcrosses than F_3 plants derived from dryland plots (P < 0.01).Fertility of testcross hybrids correlated negatively with air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) at flowering (r = - 0.96; P < 0.01) suggesting that VPD is a trigger for downregulation of Rf genes for A_3 cytoplasm.展开更多
The seed samples of Yuetai A, a Honglian （HL） type cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） line in hybrid rice were investigated to assess the seed purity and to analyze the cause of off-type plants by imitating the biolog...The seed samples of Yuetai A, a Honglian （HL） type cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） line in hybrid rice were investigated to assess the seed purity and to analyze the cause of off-type plants by imitating the biological contaminant to Yuetai A in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province and Lingshui, Hainan Province during 2004-2006. The seed impurity of Yuetai A mainly resulted from the genetic drift of restoring fertility gene （Rt） after biological contamination but not from its sterility unstability. All of the ten maintainer lines, five restorer lines and three thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines used in the study could pollinate Yuetai A and Yuetai B to produce F1 plants, directly or indirectly resulting in Rf-gene drifting into Yuetai A and generating ＇iso-cytoplasm restoring-generations＇. Furthermore, high outcrossing rate and similar heading date of Yuetai A with many varieties used in rice production might easily result in the biological contamination. After removing all plants with Rf-gene mixed in Yuetai A and preventing Rf-gene drifting into Yuetai A, the seed purity of Yuetai A and Yuetai B had been raised to 100%.展开更多
A series of comparative studies was carried out on the genetic effects of 25 alien cytoplasms of wheat on the growth potential, heading stage, fertility, resistance against diseases, important agronomic traits and its...A series of comparative studies was carried out on the genetic effects of 25 alien cytoplasms of wheat on the growth potential, heading stage, fertility, resistance against diseases, important agronomic traits and its heterosis of 125 nuclei-cytoplasmic hybrids of wheat. The results indicated that there were clearly effects of alien cytoplasms on some characteristics, but the nucleus still exerted main effect on other characteristics. The effect of interactions between nucleus and cytoplasm was comparative obvious in some combination. Consequently, when we utilize the effects of alien cytoplasms, we should pay full attention to the facts such as the characteristic to be improved, the effects of cytoplasm, nucleus, the nucleus-cytoplasm interactions on that characteristics. From the preliminary studies, we believed that the cytoplasmic types of M0, S1, Sv, D2, D and B, and the nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrids of (Ae. sharonensis)-B174, (Ae. squarrosa)-352-35 (Ae. cylindrica)-352-35, (Ae. cylindria)-E EN-1, (Ae. cylindrica)-NPFP, and (Ae. speltoides)-352-35 would have some utilization potentiality in cultivar improvement.展开更多
BACKGROUND Granulomatosis with polyangiitis(GPA)is one of the most prevalent forms of the antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)-associated vasculitis.GPA is characterized histologically by necrotizing granulomatou...BACKGROUND Granulomatosis with polyangiitis(GPA)is one of the most prevalent forms of the antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)-associated vasculitis.GPA is characterized histologically by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation in addition to vasculitis.The diagnosis of GPA depends on clinical presentation,serological evidence of a positive ANCA,and/or histological evidence of necrotizing vasculitis or granulomatous destructive parenchymal inflammation.Cytoplasmic ANCA(c-ANCA)is positive in 65%-75% of GPA patients,accompanied by proteinase 3(PR3),the main target antigen of c-ANCA,another 5% of GPA patients had negative ANCA.CASE SUMMARY The patient,a 52-year-old male,presented with unexplained nasal congestion,tinnitus,and hearing loss.After a duration of 4 months experiencing these symptoms,the patient subsequently developed fever and headache.The imaging examination revealed the presence of bilateral auricular mastoiditis and partial paranasal sinusitis,and the ANCA results were negative.The anti-infective therapy proved to be ineffective,but the patient's symptoms and fever were quickly relieved after 1 wk of treatment with methylprednisolone 40 mg once a day.However,after continuous use of methylprednisolone tablets for 3 months,the patient experienced a recurrence of fever accompanied by right-sided migraine,positive c-ANCA and PR3,and increased total protein in cerebrospinal fluid.The and cyclophosphamide 0.8 g monthly,the patient experienced alleviation of fever and headache.Additionally,the ANCA levels became negative and there has been no recurrence.CONCLUSION For GPA patients with negative ANCA,there is a potential for early missed diagnosis.The integration of histopathological results and multidisciplinary communication plays a crucial role in facilitating ANCA-negative GPA.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND This case report describes myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis with kidney involvement in a patient with relapsing polychondritis,which was successfully treated with Avacopan.Although relapsing polychondritis has been associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis,overlap can result in severe organ involvement,particularly renal damage progressing to end-stage kidney disease.This case presents a unique opportunity to evaluate the potential role of Avacopan as an alternative therapeutic option in managing myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis in the context of relapsing polychon-dritis highlighting a positive renal response despite treatment challenges.This is a case of a 69-year-old Caucasian woman who presented to our hospital’s emergency department with a 4 week history of inflammatory polychondritis affecting the auricular cartilage,accompanied by acute kidney injury.On admission,serum creatinine was elevated at 4.0 mg/dL,which progressively increased to 6.07 mg/dL on day 6.The renal biopsy revealed necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis affecting more than 50%of the glomeruli.She was treated with a total of 2500 mg intravenous methylprednisolone over 3 days followed by oral prednisone.Induction treatment included intravenous cyclophosphamide induction,with plans for a total of 2 doses followed by transition to rituximab.However the patient was unable to tolerate rituximab due to allergic reaction so intravenous cyclophosphamide was continued for a total of 6 doses(cumulative dose 3000 mg).In the setting of persistent acute kidney injury,Avacopan was added to the regimen 3 months after diagnosis.Maintenance therapy included azathioprine in addition to Avacopan.Prednisone gradually tapered off at 6 months.CONCLUSION Avacopan may be beneficial in treating anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with coexisting relapsing polychondritis,especially in cases where preservation of kidney function is critical.Further research will be essential to validate these findings and refine treatment protocols for such complex cases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31930032)。
文摘Mutations and rearrangements of mitochondrial genes cause plant cytoplasmic male sterility. It is a significant way to utilize hybrid vigor to enhance crop yield. Ogu cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) is a natural cytoplasmic male sterility type discovered in radishes, being successfully transferred to rapeseed and cruciferous vegetables. However, current studies lack depth in exploring the molecular mechanisms of its male sterility. This study confirmed that orf138 is the causal gene for Ogu CMS through the genetic transformation in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome analysis of aborted anthers in different stages suggested that differentially expressed genes(DEGs) are mainly enriched in pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. It reveals that key genes involved in lipid metabolism pathways are significantly down-regulated in the sterile line(OguA), including BnaGPAT1, localized within the tapetum mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum. This could lead to changes in the metabolism of substances like acylglycerols within the tapetum, causing disruptions in lipid metabolism. This is consistent with morphological and subcellular structural changes in the tapetum and microspore cells, as observed in the transmission electron microscopy. This abnormal lipid metabolism may trigger specific reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation in an oxidative stress response, ultimately leading to an aborted microspore. Our study based on transcriptome has deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Ogu CMS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32472185)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2022BFE003)the Hubei Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Center program,and the National Rice Industry Technology System,China(Grant No.CARS-01-07).
文摘Honglian type-cytoplasmic male sterility(HL-CMS)is caused by the inter-communication between the nucleus and mitochondria.However,the mechanisms by which sterility genes regulate metabolic alterations and changes in mitochondrial morphology in the pollen of HL-CMS remain unclear.In this study,we compared the morphological differences between the pollen of the male sterile line YA and the near-isogenic line NIL-Rf6 using hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)staining.HL-CMS is characterized by gametophytic sterility,where the aborted pollen grains are empty,and the tapetal layer remains intact.Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe mitochondrial morphological changes at the microspore stage,revealing significant mitochondrial alterations,characterized by the formation of'large spherical mitochondria',occurred at the binucleate stage in the YA line.Additionally,metabolomics analysis revealed decreased levels of metabolites associated with the carbohydrate and flavonoid pathways.Notably,the decrease in flavonoids was found to contribute to an elevation in reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Therefore,we propose a model in which rice fertility is modulated by the levels of pollen carbohydrates and flavonoid metabolites,with impaired mitochondrial energy production and reduced flavonoid biosynthesis as the main causes of ROS accumulation and pollen abortion in rice.
基金Supported by the National 863 Project of Tenth-five Year Plan(2001AA2411042004AA241104)+1 种基金Key Breeding Project of Sichuan Province and(200107001-16-01)Key Quality Project of Sichuan Province(200107001-1-7-4)~~
文摘Some influential factors of anther culture were studied preliminarily by conducting anther culture of the restorers of new cytoplasmic male sterile （NER）. Several results were obtain from this experiment and they were listed as follow：① MS cultrure medium with such hormones as 2,4-D 2 mg/L,6-BA 0.5 mg/L, NAA 0.5 mg/L was the best suitable for callus induction of NER. ②The difference of induction rate was significantly different between different plant age groups. From the 110th day to 141th day,the induction rate was increased with the increase of age and the difference of induction rate reached 0.01 significant difference level. The induction rate reached the highest value in the 141th day then it declined gradually. ③The combined use of 2, 4-D and 6-BA with proper increase of 2,4-D was good for inducing callus. ④The green plantlet induction rate of NER was increased when the concentration of 6-BA increased from 2 mg/L to 4 mg/L. Adding ZT from 0.5 mg/L to 2 mg/L. 6-BA would led 2.47% increase of green plantlet olantlet induction rate.
文摘This mini review explores the links between anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis(AAV)and kidney cancer.Several studies suggest an increased incidence of cancer for patients with AAV.Different cancer types have shown different standardized incidence ratios(SIRs)in association with AAV.The SIRs of kidney cancer were found to be between 1.7 and 3.3 as per three retrospective data analyses.This association is likely multifactorial,with increased de novo cancer risks associated with inflammatory diseases;carcinogenic therapies such as cyclophosphamide;and reduced immune surveillance of neoplastic cells in immunocompromised individuals.Some studies have proposed that cancers,including kidney cancer,could be a potential trigger for AAV.Due to variability in SIRs and a lack of multicenter studies looking specifically into the incidence of kidney cancer at AAV diagnosis and on follow-up post initiation of AAV treatment,there remains a lack of evidence to support formal screening for kidney cancer in the AAV patient cohort.Greater awareness on the increased risk of cancer in AAV patients,prompt urological assessment of“red flag”symptoms of kidney cancer,and smoking cessation advice to reduce cancer risk should be standard of care for patients with AAV.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China,No.2023JJ30842.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection can lead to renal involvement,commonly manifested as HBV-associated glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN),which typically presents as nephrotic or nephritic syndrome.Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis(AAV)is a systemic disease characterized by immune necrotizing inflammation of small blood vessels involving multiple organs with complex and severe clinical implications.The coexistence of HBV-GN and AAV is sporadic,with limited data existing regarding its diagnosis,management,clinical outcomes,and prognosis,especially in patients with AAV.CASE SUMMARY This manuscript presents the case of an older male patient who presented with persistent foamy urine lasting over two weeks.Initial clinical findings included nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency,which subsequently progressed to involve the lungs,immune system,hematologic system,and other organ systems.The patient was diagnosed with HBV-GN complicated by AAV,a rare and complex condition.Despite receiving comprehensive treatment,including corticosteroids,cyclophosphamide for immune regulation,plasma exchange,and immunoadsorption targeting antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated antibodies,the patient required long-term dialysis and demonstrated a poor prognosis.CONCLUSION HBV infection may trigger nephropathy with AAV.Early recognition and intervention are crucial for improving patient prognosis.
文摘LK783 was found to be a good fertility restorer for K-type male sterility of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). RAPD and ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphism) markers were employed to map the major restoring gene in LK783. Maintainer and restorer DNA pools were established using the extreme sterile and fertile plants among KJ5418A//911289/LK783 F 1 population, respectively. Four hundred and eighteen RAPD primers and 33 ISSR primers were used for screening polymorphisms between the two pools, and amplification bands using a RAPD primer of OPK18 and an ISSR primer of UBC-845 were found polymorphic between the two pools. Linkage analysis showed that OPK18 450 and UBC-845 800 were linked to the restoring gene in LK783. The distance between the restoring gene and OPK18 450 was (15.07±6.28) cM (centiMorgan), with the distance between the restoring gene and UBC-845 800 being (8.20±4.85) cM. The marker of UBC-845 800 was located on chromosome 1BS by amplifying nulli-tetrasomics and 1B ditelosomics of Chinese Spring with the primer of UBC-845, indicating that the restoring gene in LK783 was located on 1BS. The breeding for new fertility restorer lines of K-type cytoplasmic male sterility of wheat would be facilitated by using the two markers.
文摘Histological changes that occur during microsporogenesis are documented in a gene-cytoplasmic male sterile rice ( Oryza saliva L.) line, Zhen Shan 97A, its maintainer line, Zhen Shan 97B, and the restorer line, Ce64 of a Mine hybrid rice production system. In the restorer line, Ce64, the developing microsporocytes have dense cytoplasm and a distinct set of circumferential microtubules around the nucleus. Successive cytokinesis results in the formation of tetrads. The microtubules within the cells of tetrads and microspores radiate from the surface of the nucleus towards the outer edge of the cytoplasm. Subsequent pollen development is normal. During the course of microspore formation tubulin speckles can be found in the cytoplasm. The general pattern of development and microtubule organization in the maintainer lined Zhen Shan 97B, is similar to Ce64, except that a few more tubulin speckles appear during microspore formation. In the case of the mate sterile line, Zhen Shan 97A, a number of abnormalities can be discerned during early microsporogenesis. These include vacuoles forming within the developing microsporocyte and faintly stained microtubules with no defined distribution pattern. Prominent tubulin speckles are common within the cytoplasm. For those microsporocytes that undergo meiosis, no defined organizational patterns of microtubules can be found within the tetrad. All microspores abort soon after. Abnormalities and defects in microtubule organization observed in Zhen Shan 97A showed that complex interactions between the cytoplasm and the nucleus began at very early stage of microsporocyte development.
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to reveal the effect of photoperiod and temperature on male fertility of cytoplasmic male sterile line Vtai911289a in wheat and discuss the mechanism of male fertility alteration. [ Method ] The sowing-date tests and designed conditions were conducted during 2003 -2005. [ Result] Fertility of Vtai911289a, could alter under specific photoperiod and temperature conditions. Temperature is one of the main factors influencing male fertility of the male sterile lines. Vtai911289a, showed stable sterility under the condition of the mean of daily temperature at fertility sensitive stage lower than 19℃ and presented partial fertility when the mean of daily temperature at fertility sensitive stage lower than 20 - 22℃. Photoperiod to some extent affects the male fertility of Vtai911289a, long-day condition is helpful for the male fertility of the sterile line. [ Conclusion] The application of photoperiod temperature-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterile line in production has a higher safety than that of temperature sensitive sterile line.
文摘Anthers of male sterile line and its maintainer line of Zidao type rice, Yingxiang A and Yingxiang B were studied by cytological methods, such as F-KI staining, silver nitrate staining and paraffin sections, It is found that in Yingxiang A, there are some abnormalities in meiosis, represented by unequal division at the meiotic phase; the abortion of CMS line arises at the meiotic phase and is almost completed at the phase of monomicrospore, but only a tiny amount of aborted mi- crospores are observed; the abortion is complete and thorough, and none normal functional pollens are found; the morphology of aborted pollens is similar to that of typically aborted pollens; the tapetal cells still exist in anthers from the microsporocyte stage to the tetrad stage, but they are abnormally hyperplastic. However, in Yingxiang B, there are no abnormalities in meiosis at the meiotic phase; the tapetal cells exist in anthers before the tetrad stage, but they disappear completely when the pollen are mature. It is indicated that the abortion of CMS Yingxiang line mainly occurs at the meiotic phase, and is basically completed at the phase of monomicrospore. The abortion is probably caused by the abnormally hyperplastic tapetal cells. The abnormalities in tapetal cells may affect the normal development of pollens, resulting in the emergence of abortion. In addition, the abortion in Yingxiang A is complete and thorough, which is of great significance in hybrid breeding.
基金This study was supported by the grants from the National 863 Program of China(200lAA211l7l,2002AA207001 and 2004AA2l109l1)National Sci-Tech Achievement Transformation Foundation of China(03EFN 2l6900283).
文摘Acknowledgement It has been previously established that the BT type of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） is induced by high temperatures, while photosensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） seed sets by low temperatures induce. In the current study, we have bred photosensitive cytoplasmic male sterility （PCMS） lines （2308SA and 2310SA） by crossing the CMS line with the PGMS japonica line with maintainer genes. The sterility of PCMS japonica was consequently controlled by two groups of male sterile genes resulting from the integration of PGMS and CMS genes. The results on plant fertility, at different sowing times, were as follows： （a） Under conditions of natural long-day photoperiod and at temperatures above 35~C, the PGMS gene regulated PCMS japonica sterility - the higher the temperature, the lower the pollen fertility. However, bagged seed sets of PCMS japonica, not exposed to high temperatures, induced the CMS seed set. （b） Exposure to long-day photoperiod and temperature conditions between 35℃ and the critical sterility inducing temperature of PGMS resulted in both PGMS and CMS gene controlled sterility of PCMS japonica, which exhibited stable characteristics. （c） When exposed to critical sterility inducing temperatures or short-day photoperiod and daily high temperatures below 32℃, the BT type of the CMS gene regulated PCMS sterility. Under these conditions, the PGMS gene rendered male sterility insusceptible to occasional cool summer days when this PCMS line, adopted for hybrid seed production, develops into panicle differentiation stage. The present study also investigated the fertility restoration, seed production and combining ability of PCMS japonica so as to optimize its use.
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development (863) Program of China (2011AA100607)National Transgenic Major Project of China (2010ZX08007003)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of transgenesis by injecting exogenous DNA into zygote cytoplasm of Buffalo. [Method] Buffalo oocytes were randomly divided into two groups 20-22 h after in vitro maturation. One group of oocytes was introduced with about 7.5 pl of 50 μg/ml DNA solution containing linear EGFP fragment by cytoplasmic injection 7-10 h or 18-20 h after in vitro fertilization （IVF）; the other group of oocytes was introduced with mixture of a single buffalo sperm and about 7.5 pl of 50 μg/ml DNA solution containing linear EGFP fragment by cytoplasmic injection （generally called ICSI-Mediated Gene Transfer, ICSI-Tr）. Expression of exogenous DNA was observed and recorded during the process of embryonic development. [Result] Early embryonic gene expression efficiency and blastocyst gene expression efficiency in IVF injection group showed no significant difference compared with that in ICSI-Tr group （P0.05）. In addition, the cleavage rate and early embryonic gene expression efficiency in IVF injection group were significantly higher with injection at 7-10 h post IVF than that at 18-20 h post IVF （P0.05）. [Conclusion] These results indicate that transgenic buffalo embryos can be generated by injecting exogenous DNA into cytoplasm of IVF oocytes, and the optimal injection time is 7-10 h post IVF.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871431)Outstanding Youth Fund of Heilongjiang Province (JC200905)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to improve the in vitro maturation quality of denuded porcine oocytes and provide scientific basis for establishing a stable and efficient denuded oocyte culture system. [Method] The first polar body extrusion rate, oocyte glutathione （GSH） content, positive rate of brilliant cresyl blue （BCB） staining and development potential of activated oocytes or fertilized oocytes were employed as main indicators to investigate the effects of follicular mural granulosa cell （MGC） coculture on cytoplasmic maturation of cumulus cell-removal oocytes （Denuded Oocyte, DO）. [Result] According to in vitro maturation results, compared with DO group, the first polar body extrusion rate of porcine oocytes in DO＋MGC group was not significantly different, but the nuclear maturation process was improved and was more similar to that in COC （cumulus-oocyte complex） group. Detection of GSH content in mature oocytes showed that there was no significant difference between DO＋ MGC group （optical density of 1 053.67） and COC group （optical density of 1 426.00） or between DO＋MGC group and COC＋GC group （optical density of 1 541.00）, however, GSH content in mature oocytes of DO group （optical density of 724.67） was significantly lower than that of COC group and COC＋GC group （P0.05）. Detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase （G6PDH） activity showed that there was no significant difference in BCB positive oocyte rate between DO ＋MGC group （88.26% ） and COC group （92.75%） or between DO＋MGC group and DO group （82.86% ）, however, BCB positive oocyte rate of DO group was significantly lower than that of COC group （P0.05）. Furthermore, the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of activated mature oocytes derived from DO ＋MGC group （94.98% and 43.67% , respectively） were significantly higher than those from DO group （52.54% and 8.97%, respectively） （P0.05）, and were not significantly different compared with those from COC group （97.11% and 38.30%, respectively）. In addition, the cleavage rate of fertilized oocytes derived from DO＋MGC group （72.65%） showed no significant difference compared with that from DO group （63.59%）, but the blastocyst rate of DO＋MGC group was significantly higher than that of DO group （9.88%） （P0.05）. [Conclusion] MGC coculture can significantly improve the in vitro cytoplasmic maturation quality of denuded porcine oocytes, thereby enhancing the subsequent developmental potential.
基金Supported by the Key Breeding Project of Sichuan Province during National Eleventh-five Year Plan (2006YZGG25 )Key Quality Project of Sichuan Province (2006YZGG223)Foundation for Young Scientists of Sichuan Provincial Financial Breeding Project in 2008~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to establish optimized system for NER isolated microspore culture of Brassica napus L.. [Method]Twenty varieties of NER of Brassica napus were grown under uncontrolled temperature and light conditions,and their isolated microspore from anthers were used as explants in vitro culture. The influencing factors of microspore culture were preliminarily studied. [Result]The difference of genotypes was important influencing factors to embryoid yield. The embryoid yield increased by supplementing with 6-BA and NAA,culturing in solid-liquid double layer medium with activated charcoal; The difference was not significant of embryoid yield between culturing in medium supplemented with colchicines and the CK. The rates of cotyledonous embryoids directly developed into normal plantlets increased through enriching with 0.1-0.2 mg/L NAA and being treated on slim illumination two days before being inducted into normal plantlets. [Conclusion]The technical system of microspore culture of restorer of new cytoplasmic male sterile （NER） was established,which and lays a foundation for accelerating genotype purification of NER introgressive line.
文摘In an earlier report the ultrastructure and nucleoid organelles of male gamete in Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. have been described. Presently, the ultrastructure of the cytoplasm of the egg cell and pollen tube—immediately before fertilization and during cytoplasmic transmission of male gametophyte—has been described for the same species. The fate of parental plastids and mitochondria in the proembryo has also been followed. The mature egg cell contains a large amount of mitochondria, but seems to lack normal plastids. Most plastids have transformed into large inclusions. Apart from the large inclusions, there are abundant small inclusions and other organelles in the egg cell. During fertilization, pollen tube penetrates into the egg cell at the micropylar end and thereafter the contents are released. Plastid and mitochondrion of male origin are lacking near the fusing sperm_egg nuclei. The second sperm nucleus—not involved in karyogamy—remains at a site near the receptive vacuole. This nucleus is surrounded by large amount of male cytoplasm containing mixed organelles from the sperm cell, tube cell, and egg cell. At the free nuclear proembryo stage, organelles of male and female origin are visible in the perinucleus_cytoplasmic zone. Most of the mitochondria have the same morphological features as those in the egg cell. Some of the mitochondria appear to have originated from the sperm and tube cells. Plastids are most likely of male gametophyte origin because they have similar appearance as those of the sperm and tube cell. Large inclusions in the egg cell become vacuole_like. Paternal plastids have been incorporated into the neocytoplasm of the proembryo. In the cellular proembryo, maternal mitochondria are more abundant. Plastids resembling those of the sperm and tube cell are still present. These cytological results clearly show that in P. tabulaeformis, plastids are inherited paternally and mitochondria bipaternally. The cytological mechanism of plastid and mitochondrion inheritance in gymnosperm is discussed.
文摘The cytological mechanism of plastid and mitochondrion inheritance in Pinus is an interesting research topic with only a limited number of published articles. The results indicate that the sperms of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. contain abundant plastids, mitochondria and organelle DNA. These data provide reliable cytological evidence of paternal plastid and mitochondrion inheritance in Pinus . The results are in line with the confirmed general rule of paternal plastid inheritance in Pinaceae. But whether mitochondria in sperm cells can be transmitted into the embryos is an issue needs further developmental studies. Another important finding is that contrary to earlier classification of the male gamete of Pinaceae into the male nuclei type, the results reveal that male gametes in Pinus tabulaeformis are actually cells. However, the sperm cells are only surrounded by plasma membranes without cell walls. The larger leading sperm cell in a pollen tube section is long in shape, with a large amount of cytoplasm; while the second sperm cell is smaller, round in shape and contains less cytoplasm. Whether this feature of the male gamete type could be considered as a representative characteristic of the family is discussed and further conclusions await more experimental evidences from studies on plants from different species.
基金partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Nos. 13-04-01404, 16-04-01131)
文摘Use of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in hybrid breeding requires effective male fertility-restoring lines. In sorghum, very few restoring lines that can restore fertility in A_3 CMS have been reported. To identify the reasons for this deficiency, F_1 and F_2 hybrids of an A_3 CMS line crossed with the line IS1112C, a donor of fertility-restoring (Rf) genes for A_3 cytoplasm, and testcrosses of fertile plants to A_3CMS lines were grown under contrasting water availability regimes in dryland and irrigated field plots. In the irrigated plots the frequency of fertile plants in testcrosses was twice that in dryland plots (P < 0.05). Fertile plants from the F_2 family grown in the irrigated plots showed significantly higher restoration ability than fertile plants from the same family grown in dryland plots. F_3 plants from the F_2 family grown in irrigated plots yielded on average a sixfold higherfrequency of fertile plants in testcrosses than F_3 plants derived from dryland plots (P < 0.01).Fertility of testcross hybrids correlated negatively with air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) at flowering (r = - 0.96; P < 0.01) suggesting that VPD is a trigger for downregulation of Rf genes for A_3 cytoplasm.
文摘The seed samples of Yuetai A, a Honglian （HL） type cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） line in hybrid rice were investigated to assess the seed purity and to analyze the cause of off-type plants by imitating the biological contaminant to Yuetai A in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province and Lingshui, Hainan Province during 2004-2006. The seed impurity of Yuetai A mainly resulted from the genetic drift of restoring fertility gene （Rt） after biological contamination but not from its sterility unstability. All of the ten maintainer lines, five restorer lines and three thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines used in the study could pollinate Yuetai A and Yuetai B to produce F1 plants, directly or indirectly resulting in Rf-gene drifting into Yuetai A and generating ＇iso-cytoplasm restoring-generations＇. Furthermore, high outcrossing rate and similar heading date of Yuetai A with many varieties used in rice production might easily result in the biological contamination. After removing all plants with Rf-gene mixed in Yuetai A and preventing Rf-gene drifting into Yuetai A, the seed purity of Yuetai A and Yuetai B had been raised to 100%.
基金the Foundation of National sib Five-year-plan of China
文摘A series of comparative studies was carried out on the genetic effects of 25 alien cytoplasms of wheat on the growth potential, heading stage, fertility, resistance against diseases, important agronomic traits and its heterosis of 125 nuclei-cytoplasmic hybrids of wheat. The results indicated that there were clearly effects of alien cytoplasms on some characteristics, but the nucleus still exerted main effect on other characteristics. The effect of interactions between nucleus and cytoplasm was comparative obvious in some combination. Consequently, when we utilize the effects of alien cytoplasms, we should pay full attention to the facts such as the characteristic to be improved, the effects of cytoplasm, nucleus, the nucleus-cytoplasm interactions on that characteristics. From the preliminary studies, we believed that the cytoplasmic types of M0, S1, Sv, D2, D and B, and the nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrids of (Ae. sharonensis)-B174, (Ae. squarrosa)-352-35 (Ae. cylindrica)-352-35, (Ae. cylindria)-E EN-1, (Ae. cylindrica)-NPFP, and (Ae. speltoides)-352-35 would have some utilization potentiality in cultivar improvement.
基金Supported by The Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,No.2023JKZKTS33.
文摘BACKGROUND Granulomatosis with polyangiitis(GPA)is one of the most prevalent forms of the antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)-associated vasculitis.GPA is characterized histologically by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation in addition to vasculitis.The diagnosis of GPA depends on clinical presentation,serological evidence of a positive ANCA,and/or histological evidence of necrotizing vasculitis or granulomatous destructive parenchymal inflammation.Cytoplasmic ANCA(c-ANCA)is positive in 65%-75% of GPA patients,accompanied by proteinase 3(PR3),the main target antigen of c-ANCA,another 5% of GPA patients had negative ANCA.CASE SUMMARY The patient,a 52-year-old male,presented with unexplained nasal congestion,tinnitus,and hearing loss.After a duration of 4 months experiencing these symptoms,the patient subsequently developed fever and headache.The imaging examination revealed the presence of bilateral auricular mastoiditis and partial paranasal sinusitis,and the ANCA results were negative.The anti-infective therapy proved to be ineffective,but the patient's symptoms and fever were quickly relieved after 1 wk of treatment with methylprednisolone 40 mg once a day.However,after continuous use of methylprednisolone tablets for 3 months,the patient experienced a recurrence of fever accompanied by right-sided migraine,positive c-ANCA and PR3,and increased total protein in cerebrospinal fluid.The and cyclophosphamide 0.8 g monthly,the patient experienced alleviation of fever and headache.Additionally,the ANCA levels became negative and there has been no recurrence.CONCLUSION For GPA patients with negative ANCA,there is a potential for early missed diagnosis.The integration of histopathological results and multidisciplinary communication plays a crucial role in facilitating ANCA-negative GPA.
