Hereditary angioedema secondary to C1-inhibitor deficiency is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor.An eight-year-old girl showed periorbital painless swelling, diag...Hereditary angioedema secondary to C1-inhibitor deficiency is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor.An eight-year-old girl showed periorbital painless swelling, diagnosed as ethmoiditis. A craniofacial scan did not evidence a paranasal sinus involvement, C1INH levels were undetectable, with low C4 levels: 7.6 mg/dl and C1INH: <8.46 mg/dl. The genetic study identified a rare mutation of the C1INH gene. This clinical report is of relieve because paediatric cases described in literature are rare, did not presented a positive family history, and received a diagnosis after many attacks. Furthermore our girl received a prompt diagnosis of HAE at the first attack of angioedema.展开更多
Diabetic retinopathy is a prominent cause of blindness in adults,with early retinal ganglion cell loss contributing to visual dysfunction or blindness.In the brain,defects inγ-aminobutyric acid synaptic transmission ...Diabetic retinopathy is a prominent cause of blindness in adults,with early retinal ganglion cell loss contributing to visual dysfunction or blindness.In the brain,defects inγ-aminobutyric acid synaptic transmission are associated with pathophysiological and neurodegenerative disorders,whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 has demonstrated neuroprotective effects.However,it is not yet clear whether diabetes causes alterations in inhibitory input to retinal ganglion cells and whether and how glucagon-like peptide-1 protects against neurodegeneration in the diabetic retina through regulating inhibitory synaptic transmission to retinal ganglion cells.In the present study,we used the patch-clamp technique to recordγ-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor-mediated miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in retinal ganglion cells from streptozotocin-induced diabetes model rats.We found that early diabetes(4 weeks of hyperglycemia)decreased the frequency of GABAergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in retinal ganglion cells without altering their amplitude,suggesting a reduction in the spontaneous release ofγ-aminobutyric acid to retinal ganglion cells.Topical administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 eyedrops over a period of 2 weeks effectively countered the hyperglycemia-induced downregulation of GABAergic mIPSC frequency,subsequently enhancing the survival of retinal ganglion cells.Concurrently,the protective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on retinal ganglion cells in diabetic rats were eliminated by topical administration of exendin-9-39,a specific glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonist,or SR95531,a specific antagonist of theγ-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor.Furthermore,extracellular perfusion of glucagon-like peptide-1 was found to elevate the frequencies of GABAergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in both ON-and OFF-type retinal ganglion cells.This elevation was shown to be mediated by activation of the phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor/Ca2+/protein kinase C signaling pathway downstream of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation.Moreover,multielectrode array recordings revealed that glucagon-like peptide-1 functionally augmented the photoresponses of ON-type retinal ganglion cells.Optomotor response tests demonstrated that diabetic rats exhibited reductions in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity that were significantly ameliorated by topical administration of glucagon-like peptide-1.These results suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 facilitates the release ofγ-aminobutyric acid onto retinal ganglion cells through the activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor,leading to the de-excitation of retinal ganglion cell circuits and the inhibition of excitotoxic processes associated with diabetic retinopathy.Collectively,our findings indicate that theγ-aminobutyric acid system has potential as a therapeutic target for mitigating early-stage diabetic retinopathy.Furthermore,the topical administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 eyedrops represents a non-invasive and effective treatment approach for managing early-stage diabetic retinopathy.展开更多
目的:验证运用有机溶剂/去污剂(S/D)处理法和干热法对C1酯酶抑制剂(C1-INH)中病毒灭活效果。方法:采用S/D处理法灭活含S/D样品中添加的辛德毕斯病毒,噬斑滴定法检测灭活前后的病毒滴度,-干热法灭活脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)和猪细小病毒(PPV)...目的:验证运用有机溶剂/去污剂(S/D)处理法和干热法对C1酯酶抑制剂(C1-INH)中病毒灭活效果。方法:采用S/D处理法灭活含S/D样品中添加的辛德毕斯病毒,噬斑滴定法检测灭活前后的病毒滴度,-干热法灭活脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)和猪细小病毒(PPV),细胞病变法检测灭活前后的病毒滴度。结果:经S/D处理法灭活后,3批含S/D样品中辛德毕斯病毒降低量分别为>4.35 lg PFU·mL^(-1)、>4.51 lg PFU·mL^(-1)、>4.64 lg PFU·mL^(-1)。经干热法灭活后,3批不含S/D样品中EMCV降低量分别为≥5.38 lg TCID_(50)/0.1 mL、≥5.12 lg TCID_(50)/0.1 mL、≥5.25 lg TCID_(50)/0.1 mL,PPV降低量分别为4.57 lg TCID_(50)/0.1 mL、4.18 lg TCID_(50)/0.1 mL、4.68 lg TCID_(50)/0.1 mL。结论:通过对指示病毒的验证效果评估,证明S/D法和干热法对C1-INH中的辛德毕斯病毒、EMCV和PPV均有较好的灭活效果。展开更多
文摘Hereditary angioedema secondary to C1-inhibitor deficiency is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor.An eight-year-old girl showed periorbital painless swelling, diagnosed as ethmoiditis. A craniofacial scan did not evidence a paranasal sinus involvement, C1INH levels were undetectable, with low C4 levels: 7.6 mg/dl and C1INH: <8.46 mg/dl. The genetic study identified a rare mutation of the C1INH gene. This clinical report is of relieve because paediatric cases described in literature are rare, did not presented a positive family history, and received a diagnosis after many attacks. Furthermore our girl received a prompt diagnosis of HAE at the first attack of angioedema.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32070989(to YMZ),31872766(to YMZ),81790640(to XLY),and 82070993(to SJW)the grant from Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen,No.SZSM202011015(to XLY)。
文摘Diabetic retinopathy is a prominent cause of blindness in adults,with early retinal ganglion cell loss contributing to visual dysfunction or blindness.In the brain,defects inγ-aminobutyric acid synaptic transmission are associated with pathophysiological and neurodegenerative disorders,whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 has demonstrated neuroprotective effects.However,it is not yet clear whether diabetes causes alterations in inhibitory input to retinal ganglion cells and whether and how glucagon-like peptide-1 protects against neurodegeneration in the diabetic retina through regulating inhibitory synaptic transmission to retinal ganglion cells.In the present study,we used the patch-clamp technique to recordγ-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor-mediated miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in retinal ganglion cells from streptozotocin-induced diabetes model rats.We found that early diabetes(4 weeks of hyperglycemia)decreased the frequency of GABAergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in retinal ganglion cells without altering their amplitude,suggesting a reduction in the spontaneous release ofγ-aminobutyric acid to retinal ganglion cells.Topical administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 eyedrops over a period of 2 weeks effectively countered the hyperglycemia-induced downregulation of GABAergic mIPSC frequency,subsequently enhancing the survival of retinal ganglion cells.Concurrently,the protective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on retinal ganglion cells in diabetic rats were eliminated by topical administration of exendin-9-39,a specific glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonist,or SR95531,a specific antagonist of theγ-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor.Furthermore,extracellular perfusion of glucagon-like peptide-1 was found to elevate the frequencies of GABAergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in both ON-and OFF-type retinal ganglion cells.This elevation was shown to be mediated by activation of the phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor/Ca2+/protein kinase C signaling pathway downstream of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation.Moreover,multielectrode array recordings revealed that glucagon-like peptide-1 functionally augmented the photoresponses of ON-type retinal ganglion cells.Optomotor response tests demonstrated that diabetic rats exhibited reductions in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity that were significantly ameliorated by topical administration of glucagon-like peptide-1.These results suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 facilitates the release ofγ-aminobutyric acid onto retinal ganglion cells through the activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor,leading to the de-excitation of retinal ganglion cell circuits and the inhibition of excitotoxic processes associated with diabetic retinopathy.Collectively,our findings indicate that theγ-aminobutyric acid system has potential as a therapeutic target for mitigating early-stage diabetic retinopathy.Furthermore,the topical administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 eyedrops represents a non-invasive and effective treatment approach for managing early-stage diabetic retinopathy.
文摘目的:验证运用有机溶剂/去污剂(S/D)处理法和干热法对C1酯酶抑制剂(C1-INH)中病毒灭活效果。方法:采用S/D处理法灭活含S/D样品中添加的辛德毕斯病毒,噬斑滴定法检测灭活前后的病毒滴度,-干热法灭活脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)和猪细小病毒(PPV),细胞病变法检测灭活前后的病毒滴度。结果:经S/D处理法灭活后,3批含S/D样品中辛德毕斯病毒降低量分别为>4.35 lg PFU·mL^(-1)、>4.51 lg PFU·mL^(-1)、>4.64 lg PFU·mL^(-1)。经干热法灭活后,3批不含S/D样品中EMCV降低量分别为≥5.38 lg TCID_(50)/0.1 mL、≥5.12 lg TCID_(50)/0.1 mL、≥5.25 lg TCID_(50)/0.1 mL,PPV降低量分别为4.57 lg TCID_(50)/0.1 mL、4.18 lg TCID_(50)/0.1 mL、4.68 lg TCID_(50)/0.1 mL。结论:通过对指示病毒的验证效果评估,证明S/D法和干热法对C1-INH中的辛德毕斯病毒、EMCV和PPV均有较好的灭活效果。
