As in homology, the notion of injectivity is introduced in the category whose objects are Hilbert C * module over a C * algebra and whose morphism are bounded module operators. The definition of injective envelope...As in homology, the notion of injectivity is introduced in the category whose objects are Hilbert C * module over a C * algebra and whose morphism are bounded module operators. The definition of injective envelopes of an extension of a Hilbert C * modules over a C * algebra is introduced, and is characterized in terms of the injectivity and essence. It is shown that every Hilbert C * module has a unique (up to H isometrics) injective envelope if it exists. It is also shown that an extension of a Hilbert C * module is an injective envelope if and only if it is an injective and essential extension. Moreover, every Hilbert C * module over a W * algebra has a unique (up to H isometrics) injective envelope and the injective envelope of a Hilbert C * module H is maximal essential extension of H .展开更多
Two-terminal(2-T)perovskite(PVK)/CuIn(Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)tandem solar cells(TSCs)have been considered as an ideal tandem cell because of their best bandgap matching regarding to Shockley–Queisser(S–Q)limits.However,the ...Two-terminal(2-T)perovskite(PVK)/CuIn(Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)tandem solar cells(TSCs)have been considered as an ideal tandem cell because of their best bandgap matching regarding to Shockley–Queisser(S–Q)limits.However,the nature of the irregular rough morphology of commercial CIGS prevents people from improving tandem device performances.In this paper,D-homoserine lactone hydrochloride is proven to improve coverage of PVK materials on irregular rough CIGS surfaces and also passivate bulk defects by modulating the growth of PVK crystals.In addition,the minority carriers near the PVK/C60 interface and the incompletely passivated trap states caused interface recombination.A surface reconstruction with 2-thiopheneethylammonium iodide and N,N-dimethylformamide assisted passivates the defect sites located at the surface and grain boundaries.Meanwhile,LiF is used to create this field effect,repelling hole carriers away from the PVK and C60 interface and thus reducing recombination.As a result,a 2-T PVK/CIGS tandem yielded a power conversion efficiency of 24.6%(0.16 cm^(2)),one of the highest results for 2-T PVK/CIGS TSCs to our knowledge.This validation underscores the potential of our methodology in achieving superior performance in PVK/CIGS tandem solar cells.展开更多
In this work,we propose a comprehensive theoretical framework for the multilevel NAND(NOT AND logic)flash memory,built upon the modified Student’s t distribution where the distortion of the threshold voltage caused b...In this work,we propose a comprehensive theoretical framework for the multilevel NAND(NOT AND logic)flash memory,built upon the modified Student’s t distribution where the distortion of the threshold voltage caused by the random telegraph noise,cell-to-cell interference and data retention noise are jointly considered.Based on the superposition modulation,we build a non-orthogonal multiuser communication model where a linear mapping is conducted between the verify voltages and binary antipodal symbols.Aimed at improving the storage efficiency,we propose an unequal amplitude mapping(UAM)solution by optimizing the weighting coefficients of verify voltages to intelligently adjust the width of each state.Moreover,the uniform storage efficiency region and sum storage efficiency of different labelings with various decoding schemes are discussed.Simulation results validate the effectiveness of our proposed UAM solution where an up to 20.9%storage efficiency gain can be achieved compared to the current used benchmark scheme.In addition,analytical and simulation results also demonstrate that the successive cancellation decoding outperforms other decoding schemes for all labelings.展开更多
Let R be a commutative noetherian local ring. In this paper, we study Gorenstein projective, injective and flat modules with respect to a semidualizing R-module C, and we give some connections between C-Gorenstein hom...Let R be a commutative noetherian local ring. In this paper, we study Gorenstein projective, injective and flat modules with respect to a semidualizing R-module C, and we give some connections between C-Gorenstein homological dimensions and the Auslander categories of R.展开更多
In this paper we define and study chain conditions for Hilbert C＊-modules through their C＊-algebras of compact operators and discuss their perseverance under Morita equivalence and tensor products. We show that thes...In this paper we define and study chain conditions for Hilbert C＊-modules through their C＊-algebras of compact operators and discuss their perseverance under Morita equivalence and tensor products. We show that these chain conditions are passed from the C＊-algebra to its Hilbert module under certain conditions. We also study chain conditions for Hilbert modules coming from inclusion of C＊-algebra with a faithful conditional expectation.展开更多
In this article, we introduce the notion of generalized derivations on Hilbert C＊-modules. We use a fixed-point method to prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability associated to the Pexiderized Cauchy-Jensen...In this article, we introduce the notion of generalized derivations on Hilbert C＊-modules. We use a fixed-point method to prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability associated to the Pexiderized Cauchy-Jensen type functional equationrf（x＋y/r）＋sg（x-y/s）=2h（x）for r, s ∈ R ／ {0} on Hilbert C＊-modules, where f, g, and h are mappings from a Hilbert C＊-module M to M.展开更多
In this note, we establish a new characterization on g-frames in Hilbert C;-modules from the operator-theoretic point of view, with which we provide a correction to one result recently obtained by Yao(Yao X Y. Some pr...In this note, we establish a new characterization on g-frames in Hilbert C;-modules from the operator-theoretic point of view, with which we provide a correction to one result recently obtained by Yao(Yao X Y. Some properties of g-frames in Hilbert C;-modules（in Chinese）. Acta Math. Sinica, 2011, 54（1）: 1–8.).展开更多
We introduce and investigate the concept of s-injective modules and strongly s-injective modules. New characterizations of SI-rings, GV-rings and pseudo-Frobenius rings are given in terms of s-injectivity of their mod...We introduce and investigate the concept of s-injective modules and strongly s-injective modules. New characterizations of SI-rings, GV-rings and pseudo-Frobenius rings are given in terms of s-injectivity of their modules.展开更多
We characterize V modules by relative (quasi )continuity of left R modules in this paper. It is shown that a left R module M is a V module if and only if every finitely cogenerated left R ...We characterize V modules by relative (quasi )continuity of left R modules in this paper. It is shown that a left R module M is a V module if and only if every finitely cogenerated left R module in σ[M] is S ( quasi )continuous if and only if every left R module in σ[M] is S continuous, where S is the set of all simple left R modules. We also show that a left R module M is a locally noetherian V module if and only if every semisimple left R module (in σ[M]) is M injective if and only if every essential extension in σ[M] of every semisimple left R module in σ[M] is S ? 2 (quasi )continuous, where S ? 2 is the set of all semisimple left R modules.展开更多
Progresses in photovoltaic technologies over the past years are evident from the lower costs, the rising efficiency, to the great improvements in system reliability and yield. Cumulative installed power yearly growths...Progresses in photovoltaic technologies over the past years are evident from the lower costs, the rising efficiency, to the great improvements in system reliability and yield. Cumulative installed power yearly growths were on an average more than 40% in the period from 2007 to 2016 and in 2016, the global cumulative photovoltaic power installed has reached 320 GWp. The level 0.5 TWp could be reached before 2020. The production processes in the solar industry still have great potential for optimization both wafer based and thin film technologies. Trends following from the present technology levels are discussed, also taking into account other parts of photovoltaic systems that influence the cost of electrical energy produced. Present developments in the three generations of photovoltaic modules are discussed along with the criteria for the selection of appropriate photovoltaic module manufacturing technologies. The wafer based crystalline silicon(csilicon) technologies have the role of workhorse of present photovoltaic power generation, representing more than 90% of total module production. Further technology improvements have to be implemented without significantly increasing costs per unit, despite the necessarily more complex manufacturing processes involved. The tandem of c-silicon and thin film cells is very promising. Durability may be a limiting factor of this technology due to the dependence of the produced electricity cost on the module service time.展开更多
The accompanied forge of C(sp^(3))–S and C(sp^(3))–C(sp^(3))bonds across alkene frameworks serves as a potent strategy to construct biologically important compounds.Here,we report a metal-free,photochemically mediat...The accompanied forge of C(sp^(3))–S and C(sp^(3))–C(sp^(3))bonds across alkene frameworks serves as a potent strategy to construct biologically important compounds.Here,we report a metal-free,photochemically mediated fluoroalkyl-mono/disulfuration of unactivated alkenes with high efficiency and high selectivity.A wide range of terminal and internal alkenes are good coupling partners,affording the expected products in moderate to good yields(>90 examples).The exceedingly mild reaction conditions,exceptional functional group tolerance,broad substrate scope,and the potential for late-stage modifications of pharmaceutical molecules highlight the utility of this method in the preparation of privileged motifs from readily available disulfides,tetrasulfides,and diselenides.Mechanistic studies suggest that a secondary alkyl radical intermediate undergoes efficient homolytic substitution with disulfides,facilitating the modular synthesis of a diverse array of unsymmetrical thioethers.展开更多
In this paper,we focus on combining the theories of fuzzy soft sets with Γ-modules,and establishing a new framework for fuzzy soft Γ-submodules.The main contributions of the paper are 3-fold.First,we present the con...In this paper,we focus on combining the theories of fuzzy soft sets with Γ-modules,and establishing a new framework for fuzzy soft Γ-submodules.The main contributions of the paper are 3-fold.First,we present the concepts of（R,S）-bi-Γ-submodules,quasi-Γ-submodules and regular Γ-modules.Meanwhile,some illustrative examples are given to show the rationality of the definitions introduced in this paper.Second,several new kinds of generalized fuzzy soft Γ-submodules are proposed,and related properties and mutual relationships are also investigated.Third,we discover some intrinsic connections between the generalized fuzzy soft Γ-submodules presented in this paper and crisp Γ-submodules,and describe the relationships between regular Γ-modules and the generalized fuzzy soft Γ-submodules presented in this paper.展开更多
In this paper,we characterize a class of quasi-modular maps on Hilbert C~＊-modules which map a ＂rank one＂ adjointable operator to another rank one operator.
文摘As in homology, the notion of injectivity is introduced in the category whose objects are Hilbert C * module over a C * algebra and whose morphism are bounded module operators. The definition of injective envelopes of an extension of a Hilbert C * modules over a C * algebra is introduced, and is characterized in terms of the injectivity and essence. It is shown that every Hilbert C * module has a unique (up to H isometrics) injective envelope if it exists. It is also shown that an extension of a Hilbert C * module is an injective envelope if and only if it is an injective and essential extension. Moreover, every Hilbert C * module over a W * algebra has a unique (up to H isometrics) injective envelope and the injective envelope of a Hilbert C * module H is maximal essential extension of H .
基金supported by“National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20171,U20A20245)”“Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2023AFA010)”+1 种基金“Independent Innovation Projects of the Hubei Longzhong Laboratory(2022ZZ-09)”“Social Public Welfare and Basic Research Special Project of Zhongshan(2020B2015).”。
文摘Two-terminal(2-T)perovskite(PVK)/CuIn(Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)tandem solar cells(TSCs)have been considered as an ideal tandem cell because of their best bandgap matching regarding to Shockley–Queisser(S–Q)limits.However,the nature of the irregular rough morphology of commercial CIGS prevents people from improving tandem device performances.In this paper,D-homoserine lactone hydrochloride is proven to improve coverage of PVK materials on irregular rough CIGS surfaces and also passivate bulk defects by modulating the growth of PVK crystals.In addition,the minority carriers near the PVK/C60 interface and the incompletely passivated trap states caused interface recombination.A surface reconstruction with 2-thiopheneethylammonium iodide and N,N-dimethylformamide assisted passivates the defect sites located at the surface and grain boundaries.Meanwhile,LiF is used to create this field effect,repelling hole carriers away from the PVK and C60 interface and thus reducing recombination.As a result,a 2-T PVK/CIGS tandem yielded a power conversion efficiency of 24.6%(0.16 cm^(2)),one of the highest results for 2-T PVK/CIGS TSCs to our knowledge.This validation underscores the potential of our methodology in achieving superior performance in PVK/CIGS tandem solar cells.
基金supported by Key Project of Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2022NSFSC0043).
文摘In this work,we propose a comprehensive theoretical framework for the multilevel NAND(NOT AND logic)flash memory,built upon the modified Student’s t distribution where the distortion of the threshold voltage caused by the random telegraph noise,cell-to-cell interference and data retention noise are jointly considered.Based on the superposition modulation,we build a non-orthogonal multiuser communication model where a linear mapping is conducted between the verify voltages and binary antipodal symbols.Aimed at improving the storage efficiency,we propose an unequal amplitude mapping(UAM)solution by optimizing the weighting coefficients of verify voltages to intelligently adjust the width of each state.Moreover,the uniform storage efficiency region and sum storage efficiency of different labelings with various decoding schemes are discussed.Simulation results validate the effectiveness of our proposed UAM solution where an up to 20.9%storage efficiency gain can be achieved compared to the current used benchmark scheme.In addition,analytical and simulation results also demonstrate that the successive cancellation decoding outperforms other decoding schemes for all labelings.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11261050)
文摘Let R be a commutative noetherian local ring. In this paper, we study Gorenstein projective, injective and flat modules with respect to a semidualizing R-module C, and we give some connections between C-Gorenstein homological dimensions and the Auslander categories of R.
文摘In this paper we define and study chain conditions for Hilbert C＊-modules through their C＊-algebras of compact operators and discuss their perseverance under Morita equivalence and tensor products. We show that these chain conditions are passed from the C＊-algebra to its Hilbert module under certain conditions. We also study chain conditions for Hilbert modules coming from inclusion of C＊-algebra with a faithful conditional expectation.
文摘In this article, we introduce the notion of generalized derivations on Hilbert C＊-modules. We use a fixed-point method to prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability associated to the Pexiderized Cauchy-Jensen type functional equationrf（x＋y/r）＋sg（x-y/s）=2h（x）for r, s ∈ R ／ {0} on Hilbert C＊-modules, where f, g, and h are mappings from a Hilbert C＊-module M to M.
基金The NSF(11271148,11561057)of Chinathe NSF(20151BAB201007)of Jiangxi Provincethe Science and Technology Project(GJJ151061)of Jiangxi Education Department
文摘In this note, we establish a new characterization on g-frames in Hilbert C;-modules from the operator-theoretic point of view, with which we provide a correction to one result recently obtained by Yao(Yao X Y. Some properties of g-frames in Hilbert C;-modules（in Chinese）. Acta Math. Sinica, 2011, 54（1）: 1–8.).
文摘We introduce and investigate the concept of s-injective modules and strongly s-injective modules. New characterizations of SI-rings, GV-rings and pseudo-Frobenius rings are given in terms of s-injectivity of their modules.
文摘We characterize V modules by relative (quasi )continuity of left R modules in this paper. It is shown that a left R module M is a V module if and only if every finitely cogenerated left R module in σ[M] is S ( quasi )continuous if and only if every left R module in σ[M] is S continuous, where S is the set of all simple left R modules. We also show that a left R module M is a locally noetherian V module if and only if every semisimple left R module (in σ[M]) is M injective if and only if every essential extension in σ[M] of every semisimple left R module in σ[M] is S ? 2 (quasi )continuous, where S ? 2 is the set of all semisimple left R modules.
文摘Progresses in photovoltaic technologies over the past years are evident from the lower costs, the rising efficiency, to the great improvements in system reliability and yield. Cumulative installed power yearly growths were on an average more than 40% in the period from 2007 to 2016 and in 2016, the global cumulative photovoltaic power installed has reached 320 GWp. The level 0.5 TWp could be reached before 2020. The production processes in the solar industry still have great potential for optimization both wafer based and thin film technologies. Trends following from the present technology levels are discussed, also taking into account other parts of photovoltaic systems that influence the cost of electrical energy produced. Present developments in the three generations of photovoltaic modules are discussed along with the criteria for the selection of appropriate photovoltaic module manufacturing technologies. The wafer based crystalline silicon(csilicon) technologies have the role of workhorse of present photovoltaic power generation, representing more than 90% of total module production. Further technology improvements have to be implemented without significantly increasing costs per unit, despite the necessarily more complex manufacturing processes involved. The tandem of c-silicon and thin film cells is very promising. Durability may be a limiting factor of this technology due to the dependence of the produced electricity cost on the module service time.
文摘The accompanied forge of C(sp^(3))–S and C(sp^(3))–C(sp^(3))bonds across alkene frameworks serves as a potent strategy to construct biologically important compounds.Here,we report a metal-free,photochemically mediated fluoroalkyl-mono/disulfuration of unactivated alkenes with high efficiency and high selectivity.A wide range of terminal and internal alkenes are good coupling partners,affording the expected products in moderate to good yields(>90 examples).The exceedingly mild reaction conditions,exceptional functional group tolerance,broad substrate scope,and the potential for late-stage modifications of pharmaceutical molecules highlight the utility of this method in the preparation of privileged motifs from readily available disulfides,tetrasulfides,and diselenides.Mechanistic studies suggest that a secondary alkyl radical intermediate undergoes efficient homolytic substitution with disulfides,facilitating the modular synthesis of a diverse array of unsymmetrical thioethers.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61175055)the Innovation Term of Higher Education of Hubei Province,China (T201109)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2012FFB01101)the Natural Science Foundation of Education Committee of Hubei Province (D20131903)
文摘In this paper,we focus on combining the theories of fuzzy soft sets with Γ-modules,and establishing a new framework for fuzzy soft Γ-submodules.The main contributions of the paper are 3-fold.First,we present the concepts of（R,S）-bi-Γ-submodules,quasi-Γ-submodules and regular Γ-modules.Meanwhile,some illustrative examples are given to show the rationality of the definitions introduced in this paper.Second,several new kinds of generalized fuzzy soft Γ-submodules are proposed,and related properties and mutual relationships are also investigated.Third,we discover some intrinsic connections between the generalized fuzzy soft Γ-submodules presented in this paper and crisp Γ-submodules,and describe the relationships between regular Γ-modules and the generalized fuzzy soft Γ-submodules presented in this paper.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11171151)
文摘In this paper,we characterize a class of quasi-modular maps on Hilbert C~＊-modules which map a ＂rank one＂ adjointable operator to another rank one operator.
