针对传统粮堆体积测量方法中设备成本高、依赖相机标定、复杂形态适配性差等问题,提出一种基于密集无约束体三维重建(dense and unconstrained stereo 3D reconstruction,DUSt3R)点云的散装粮堆体积智能估算方法。该方法利用DUSt3R的注...针对传统粮堆体积测量方法中设备成本高、依赖相机标定、复杂形态适配性差等问题,提出一种基于密集无约束体三维重建(dense and unconstrained stereo 3D reconstruction,DUSt3R)点云的散装粮堆体积智能估算方法。该方法利用DUSt3R的注意力机制与稠密匹配技术,实现端到端生成三维点云。构建基于粮堆特性的点云优化模块,结合统计滤波与RANSAC平面检测技术,提升点云噪声去除能力,并通过DBSCAN聚类实现粮堆与地面的精准分割。结果表明:该方法有效克服了对相机标定的依赖,显著提升了点云噪声处理与分割精度;通过动态网格投影与Alpha Shape曲面重建技术自适应拟合复杂粮堆形态,在保证测量准确性的同时大幅降低硬件成本,具备良好的工程适用性;在6种典型粮堆形态上开展试验验证,平均测量误差约为5%,仅需普通摄像头即可完成数据采集。该体积测量方法可与平粮机器人作业设备高效集成,为散装粮堆体积测量与自动化作业引导提供了低成本、高精度的技术解决方案。展开更多
This paper reports a novel method of repetitive uniaxial compression combined with accumulative fold for preparing bulk submicron- to nanocrystalline copper starting with a coarse grained counterpart. Grain size reduc...This paper reports a novel method of repetitive uniaxial compression combined with accumulative fold for preparing bulk submicron- to nanocrystalline copper starting with a coarse grained counterpart. Grain size reduction and microstrain variations of the high purity copper samples after different passes of compression and fold are investigated by scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction （XRD）, respectively. Our results show that the average grain size of samples decreases from about 830 nm to 127 nm as the number of compression passes increases to 30. Microstrain in the compressed sample is found to increase for the first 20 passes, but to decrease at the last 10 passes. The variations of compressive yield strength and the shift of XRD peaks to larger diffraction angles are observed in the squeezed sample. Our experimental results demonstrate that the repetitive uniaxial compression combined with accumulative fold is an effective method to prepare bulk nanocrystalline metallic materials, in particular for soft metals such as Cu, Al and Pb.展开更多
Studies on root development, soil physical properties, grain yield, and water-use efficiency are important for identifying suitable soil management practices for sustainable crop production. A field experiment was con...Studies on root development, soil physical properties, grain yield, and water-use efficiency are important for identifying suitable soil management practices for sustainable crop production. A field experiment was conducted from 2006 through 2008 in arid northwestern China to determine the effects of four tillage systems on soil properties, root development, water-use efficiency, and grain yield of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. The cultivar Fan 13 was grown under four tillage systems：conventional tillage （CT） without wheat stubble, no-tillage without wheat stubble mulching （NT）, no-tillage with wheat stubble standing （NTSS）, and no-tillage with wheat stubble mulching （NTS）. The soil bulk density （BD） under CT system increased gradually from sowing to harvest, but that in NT, NTSS, and NTS systems had little change. Compared to the CT system, the NTSS and NTS systems improved total soil water storage （0-150 cm） by 6.1-9.6 and 10.5- 15.3% before sowing, and by 2.2-8.9 and 13.0-15.1% after harvest, respectively. The NTSS and NTS systems also increased mean dry root weight density （DRWD） as compared to CT system. The NTS system significantly improved water-use efficiency by 17.2-17.5% and crop yield by 15.6-16.8%, and the NTSS system improved that by 7.8-9.6 and 7.0-12.8%, respectively, compared with the CT system. Our results suggested that Chinese farmers should consider adopting conservation tillage practices in arid northwestern China because of benefits to soil bulk density, water storage, root system, and winter wheat yield.展开更多
文摘针对传统粮堆体积测量方法中设备成本高、依赖相机标定、复杂形态适配性差等问题,提出一种基于密集无约束体三维重建(dense and unconstrained stereo 3D reconstruction,DUSt3R)点云的散装粮堆体积智能估算方法。该方法利用DUSt3R的注意力机制与稠密匹配技术,实现端到端生成三维点云。构建基于粮堆特性的点云优化模块,结合统计滤波与RANSAC平面检测技术,提升点云噪声去除能力,并通过DBSCAN聚类实现粮堆与地面的精准分割。结果表明:该方法有效克服了对相机标定的依赖,显著提升了点云噪声处理与分割精度;通过动态网格投影与Alpha Shape曲面重建技术自适应拟合复杂粮堆形态,在保证测量准确性的同时大幅降低硬件成本,具备良好的工程适用性;在6种典型粮堆形态上开展试验验证,平均测量误差约为5%,仅需普通摄像头即可完成数据采集。该体积测量方法可与平粮机器人作业设备高效集成,为散装粮堆体积测量与自动化作业引导提供了低成本、高精度的技术解决方案。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 50572067)
文摘This paper reports a novel method of repetitive uniaxial compression combined with accumulative fold for preparing bulk submicron- to nanocrystalline copper starting with a coarse grained counterpart. Grain size reduction and microstrain variations of the high purity copper samples after different passes of compression and fold are investigated by scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction （XRD）, respectively. Our results show that the average grain size of samples decreases from about 830 nm to 127 nm as the number of compression passes increases to 30. Microstrain in the compressed sample is found to increase for the first 20 passes, but to decrease at the last 10 passes. The variations of compressive yield strength and the shift of XRD peaks to larger diffraction angles are observed in the squeezed sample. Our experimental results demonstrate that the repetitive uniaxial compression combined with accumulative fold is an effective method to prepare bulk nanocrystalline metallic materials, in particular for soft metals such as Cu, Al and Pb.
基金funded by the Ph D Programs Foundation, Ministry of Education, China(20106202110002)the National Public Welfare Foundation for Industry Scheme of China (201103001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (201131160265)
文摘Studies on root development, soil physical properties, grain yield, and water-use efficiency are important for identifying suitable soil management practices for sustainable crop production. A field experiment was conducted from 2006 through 2008 in arid northwestern China to determine the effects of four tillage systems on soil properties, root development, water-use efficiency, and grain yield of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. The cultivar Fan 13 was grown under four tillage systems：conventional tillage （CT） without wheat stubble, no-tillage without wheat stubble mulching （NT）, no-tillage with wheat stubble standing （NTSS）, and no-tillage with wheat stubble mulching （NTS）. The soil bulk density （BD） under CT system increased gradually from sowing to harvest, but that in NT, NTSS, and NTS systems had little change. Compared to the CT system, the NTSS and NTS systems improved total soil water storage （0-150 cm） by 6.1-9.6 and 10.5- 15.3% before sowing, and by 2.2-8.9 and 13.0-15.1% after harvest, respectively. The NTSS and NTS systems also increased mean dry root weight density （DRWD） as compared to CT system. The NTS system significantly improved water-use efficiency by 17.2-17.5% and crop yield by 15.6-16.8%, and the NTSS system improved that by 7.8-9.6 and 7.0-12.8%, respectively, compared with the CT system. Our results suggested that Chinese farmers should consider adopting conservation tillage practices in arid northwestern China because of benefits to soil bulk density, water storage, root system, and winter wheat yield.
