Find It Where did Tara take the train to?Conversation A(in the Studio)Greg:Welcome,Tara!Last time,you told us about your trip to the Amazon.Tell us more about Brazil today.Tara:I will,Greg!It's such a colorful,bea...Find It Where did Tara take the train to?Conversation A(in the Studio)Greg:Welcome,Tara!Last time,you told us about your trip to the Amazon.Tell us more about Brazil today.Tara:I will,Greg!It's such a colorful,beautiful country!Greg:I know!And Rio de Jmneiro is a marvelous city!展开更多
The variability of the sea surface salinity measurements provided by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission reveals the presence of a local salinity maximum(a salty tongue)in the northwestern tropical Atlantic.T...The variability of the sea surface salinity measurements provided by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission reveals the presence of a local salinity maximum(a salty tongue)in the northwestern tropical Atlantic.The sea surface salinity positive anomaly starts increasing in July,reaches its maximum in January,and then disappears.The local maximum of salinity appears in the late boreal autumn/winter,when the Amazon discharge is minimal and the salty water from the South Atlantic is transported by the North Brazil Current along the shelf break across the equator.The authors validate the satellite observations in this area and assess the vertical structure of the salinity maximum by using in situ measurements and an in situ-interpolated product.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer(GBTC)is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with a high fatality rate.The global incidence and mortality of GBTC continue to increase,presenting a significant challenge ...BACKGROUND Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer(GBTC)is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with a high fatality rate.The global incidence and mortality of GBTC continue to increase,presenting a significant challenge to public health.Strategies for preventing and controlling GBTC in Brazil,Russian Federation,India,China and South Africa(BRICS)countries offer valuable lessons for other developing nations.AIM To investigate GBTC burden trends in BRICS countries and perform an ageperiod-cohort(APC)analysis of Global Burden of Disease(GBD)from 1990-2021.METHODS Data on the incidences and crude incidence rates,the number of deaths and crude mortality rates,and the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and agestandardized mortality rate(ASMR)of GBTC were obtained for BRICS countries from the GBD study 2021.Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to examine the trends in disease burden from 1990 to 2021.The APC model was utilized to assess the age,period,and birth cohort effects on the changes in GBTC disease burden worldwide and in the BRICS countries during the same time frame.Bayesian APC analysis was used to estimate the future burden.RESULTS The increases in incidence and deaths were 101.09%and 74.26%,respectively,compared with 1990.The ASMRs in Brazil,Russia,and China decreased,while those in India and South Africa increased.Among the BRICS countries,in most age groups in Brazil,Russia,India,and South Africa,the crude incidence and mortality rates in women were higher than those in men,whereas in China,the situation was the opposite.Joinpoint regression analysis revealed that from 1990 to 2021,the overall ASIR of gallbladder and bile duct cancer exhibited a declining trend.Although the incidence rate in China showed an increasing trend,the mortality rate exhibited a declining trend,which became more pronounced over time.CONCLUSION In BRICS countries,the number of incident cases and deaths from GBTC increased between 1990 and 2021,primarily due to rapid population growth.Nevertheless,the ASIR and ASMR declined during the same period.展开更多
The Santos Basin in Brazil has witnessed significant oil and gas discoveries in deepwater pre-salt since the 21^(st)century.Currently,the waters in eastern Brazil stand out as a hot area of deepwater exploration and p...The Santos Basin in Brazil has witnessed significant oil and gas discoveries in deepwater pre-salt since the 21^(st)century.Currently,the waters in eastern Brazil stand out as a hot area of deepwater exploration and production worldwide.Based on a review of the petroleum exploration and production history in Brazil,the challenges,researches and practices,strategic transformation,significant breakthroughs,and key theories and technologies for exploration from onshore to offshore and from shallow waters to deep-ultra-deep waters and then to pre-salt strata are systematically elaborated.Within 15 years since its establishment in 1953,Petrobras explored onshore Paleozoic cratonic and marginal rift basins,and obtained some small to medium petroleum discoveries in fault-block traps.In the 1970s,Petrobras developed seismic exploration technologies and several hydrocarbon accumulation models,for example,turbidite sandstones,allowing important discoveries in shallow waters,e.g.the Namorado Field and Enchova fields.Guided by these models/technologies,significant discoveries,e.g.the Marlim and Roncador fields,were made in deepwater post-salt in the Campos Basin.In the early 21^(st)century,the advancements in theories and technologies for pre-salt petroleum system,carbonate reservoirs,hydrocarbon accumulation and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)logging stimulated a succession of valuable discoveries in the Lower Cretaceous lacustrine carbonates in the Santos Basin,including the world-class ultra-deepwater super giant fields such as Tupi(Lula),Mero and Buzios.Petroleum development in complex deep water environments is extremely challenging.By establishing the Technological Capacitation Program in Deep Waters(PROCAP),Petrobras developed and implemented key technologies including managed pressure drilling(MPD)with narrow pressure window,pressurized mud cap drilling(PMCD),multi-stage intelligent completion,development with Floating Production Storage and Offloading units(FPSO),and flow assurance,which remarkably improved the drilling,completion,field development and transportation efficiency and safety.Additionally,under the limited FPSO capacity,Petrobras promoted the world-largest CCUS-EOR project,which contributed effectively to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the enhancement of oil recovery.Development and application of these technologies provide valuable reference for deep and ultra-deepwater petroleum exploration and production worldwide.The petroleum exploration in Brazil will consistently focus on ultra-deep water pre-salt carbonates and post-salt turbidites,and seek new opportunities in Paleozoic gas.Technical innovation and strategic cooperation will be held to promote the sustainable development of Brazil's oil and gas industry.展开更多
Coccidiosis is a disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites, specifically belonging to the genus Eimeria. These parasites target the gastrointestinal tract in different types of hosts, causing sores in the in...Coccidiosis is a disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites, specifically belonging to the genus Eimeria. These parasites target the gastrointestinal tract in different types of hosts, causing sores in the intestinal lining. The presence of these lesions reduces the animal’s ability to digest and absorb nutrients, significantly impacting their overall performance. The current study aimed to explore the potential correlation between seasonal variations and the incidence of Eimeria spp-induced lesions in broiler chickens’ gastrointestinal tracts in Brazil from 2012 to 2018. A total of 8,607 broiler chickens, aged 14 to 42 days, were sampled from 103 poultry integrated companies in Brazil to conduct intestinal health examinations. The sampling process involved selecting 3 to 6 chickens from each poultry house for examination. The assessment included various abnormalities such as shedding of intestinal cells and excessive fluid and mucus presence, thickening and tension of the intestines, food movement, roughened mucosal surface resembling a Turkish towel in the small intestine, tissue death, duodenal inflammation, intestinal inflammation, gizzard erosion, presence of worms and bedding material, and ingestion of mealworms. During the seasons, winter exhibited the highest average occurrence of Eimeria maxima microorganisms at 52.83%, with E. acervulina following closely at 26.42% in second place. In spring, E. maxima had an occurrence of 11.31%, while in fall, E. tenella had the lowest occurrence at 6.74%. When analyzing the seasonal occurrence of Eimeria, it was observed that E. maxima micro was more common during winter compared to summer (P = 0.0491). However, no discernible variation was observed in the occurrence of the remaining species across different seasons. Research findings suggest that subclinical coccidiosis is most prevalent during the winter season in Brazil. Likewise, clinical disease caused by E. acervulina is also prevalent during this time. In contrast, E. maxima is more likely to cause clinical disease in the spring, whereas E. tenella is more commonly associated with clinical disease in the fall. Lesions induced by Eimeria spp. are associated with factors influencing the overall health of broiler intestines. These findings allow for the utilization of seasonal metrics in disease management, thereby reducing economic losses associated with the condition.展开更多
In the aftermath of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic in Brazil,accountability is crucial for those who denied the severity of the virus,spreading false information and causing harm.Some individuals have ...In the aftermath of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic in Brazil,accountability is crucial for those who denied the severity of the virus,spreading false information and causing harm.Some individuals have already faced legal proceedings against them,revealing economic motivations behind their actions.It is equally important to hold doctors accountable for prescribing ineffective treatments,putting the population at risk.The leaders of the denial movement and the federal government,who mishandled the pandemic,should be held accountable for the high death toll.Seeking justice from the legislative and executive branches is necessary,along with exemplary measures for those who spread misinformation about COVID-19.展开更多
The COVID-19 pandemic caused an outbreak on the global productive chains,transforming companies and society in general.Governments adopted anticyclical policies such as basic interest rates reduction as response.Brazi...The COVID-19 pandemic caused an outbreak on the global productive chains,transforming companies and society in general.Governments adopted anticyclical policies such as basic interest rates reduction as response.Brazil basic interest rate is denominated Selic.The application of these policies requires the protagonist of bank’s financial intermediation.This study aims to verify two events-under the perspective of the efficient markets’theory.The first is the communication of the first death by COVID-19-and the subsequent,Selic rate reduction to 2%p.a.-and its effects on bank’s shares prices.The hypotheses presented are:H1-The announcement of the first death by COVID-19 negatively impacts the banks’shares returns and H2-The announcement of the Selic interest rate-during the COVID-19-positively impacts the return of the banks’shares.We adopt event study methodology in a final sample of nine and 15 banks to Events 1 and 2 respectively.The results confirm H1 as well as the semi-strong informational efficiency market.H2 is not confirmed.Results confirm the non-effectiveness of the anticyclical policy of basic interest rate reduction.This contributes to the discussion about the impacts of COVID-19 and the efficacy of anticyclical policies.展开更多
Brazil possesses abundant new energy resources such as solar energy,wind energy,and biomass energy,and is at the forefront of the world in the development and utilization of new energy,becoming a pioneer in energy tra...Brazil possesses abundant new energy resources such as solar energy,wind energy,and biomass energy,and is at the forefront of the world in the development and utilization of new energy,becoming a pioneer in energy transition and low-carbon development.Renewable energy accounts for nearly half of Brazil’s primary energy consumption,with the share in the power sector exceeding 75%.Brazil has achieved its carbon peak and is still actively promoting carbon and emission further reduction and the development of new energy.展开更多
Current status of Brazil’s energy transition On August 26,2024,Brazil’s National Council for Energy Policy(CNPE)held a special meeting and approved the national energy transition policy.This policy is intended to pr...Current status of Brazil’s energy transition On August 26,2024,Brazil’s National Council for Energy Policy(CNPE)held a special meeting and approved the national energy transition policy.This policy is intended to promote the development of Brazil’s green economy,mainly involving sectors such as industry,transportation,oil and natural gas,electricity,and mining.It is expected to attract investments of about BRL 2 trillion(approximately USD 400 billion)in the next decade.展开更多
In this article, we analysed the emotions expressed in response to COVID-19 vaccines on Kwai, a Chinese social-media platform launched in Brazil in 2019. Our corpus comprised 355 videos published between 2020 and 2022...In this article, we analysed the emotions expressed in response to COVID-19 vaccines on Kwai, a Chinese social-media platform launched in Brazil in 2019. Our corpus comprised 355 videos published between 2020 and 2022 and collected through a Python script. The emotions were identified and classified based on the emotion descriptors of the Human–Machine Interaction Network on Emotion for Emotion Annotation and Representation Language;an analysis of the levels of emotional valence and arousal was based on the core affect model. Considering the diversity of video content, we classified the posts according to their approach in order to identify those that expressed emotion, based on their predominant characteristic(personal,informative, infotainment, humorous or advertising). As a result, we observed that just over half of the emotions expressed in relation to the total set of data were positive. This positive attitude was emphasized when the vaccines were taken as the main topic mobilizing emotions. Expressions of contentment and trust stood out, especially among posts with a personal approach and advertising content. Among the negative emotions, disapproval and doubt stood out, mobilized by topics in relation to the vaccines and other contextual elements, especially in videos with a humorous, informative or infotainment approach.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore physiological responses of Brazil banana seedlings to drought stress simulated by PEG-6000.[Method] Brazil banana （Musa AAA Cavendish subgroup cv.Brazil） was taken as test material...[Objective] The aim was to explore physiological responses of Brazil banana seedlings to drought stress simulated by PEG-6000.[Method] Brazil banana （Musa AAA Cavendish subgroup cv.Brazil） was taken as test materials to explore changes of physiological indices of banana seedlings under drought stresses simulated by PEG-6000,including three stress levels （5％,10％ and 15％） and time periods （24,48 and 72 h）.[Result] Relative water content and chlorophyll content both declined under different stress levels and in different times.The content of proline （Pro） in seedling leaves from high to low was PEG15％,PEG10％ and PEG5％; the content of treatment of 5％ stress in 24 h was of insignificant differences with that of the control and the contents in rest treatments were all remarkably higher compared with the control.POD activities of seedling leaves from high to low were as follows：PEG15％＞PEG10％＞PEG5％,and POD activity was of significant differences among treatments; POD activity achieved the peak in treatment group with 5％ of stress,and POD activities of different groups were all higher compared with the control.The activity of root system in treatment groups with PEG at different concentrations was as follows：PEG10％＞PEG15％＞PEG5％ and the activity increased remarkably in the group with PEG at 5％ within 24,48 and 72 h,though the activity dropped significantly within 72 h and slowly in 24 and 48 h.[Conclusion] It can be concluded that relative water content,chlorophyll content,Pro content and activity and root activity can be references of banana resistance to drought.展开更多
To reveal stress distribution and crack propagation of Brazilian discs under impact loads, dynamic tests were conducted with SHPB （split Hopkinson pressure bar） device. Stress states of specimens were monitored with...To reveal stress distribution and crack propagation of Brazilian discs under impact loads, dynamic tests were conducted with SHPB （split Hopkinson pressure bar） device. Stress states of specimens were monitored with strain gauges on specimen surface and SHPB bars. The failure process of specimen was recorded by ultra speed camera FASTCAM SAI.1 （675 000 fps）. Stress histories from strain gauges offer comprehensive information to evaluate the stress equilibrium of specimen in time and space. When a slowly rising load （with loading rates less than 1 200 N/s for d 50 mm bar） is applied, there is usually good stress equilibrium in specimen. The stress distribution after equilibrium is similar to its static counterpart. And the first crack initiates at the disc center and propagates along the load direction. But with the front of incident wave becoming steep, it is hard for specimens to get to stress equilibrium. The first crack may appear anywhere on the specimen together with multiple randomly distributed secondary cracks. For a valid dynamic Brazil test with stress equilibrium, the specimen will break into two halves neatly. While for tests with stress disequilibrium, missing strap may be found when broken halves of specimens are put together. For those specimens broken up neatly at center but having missing wedges at the loading areas, it is usually subjected to local buckling from SHPB bars.展开更多
Fertilizer effect model such as ternary quadratic, unary quadratic, straight line and platform model was respectively used to analyze the two-year ＂3414＂ test data collected from banana garden in Fushan Town of Hain...Fertilizer effect model such as ternary quadratic, unary quadratic, straight line and platform model was respectively used to analyze the two-year ＂3414＂ test data collected from banana garden in Fushan Town of Hainan Province. The results showed that the optimal fertilizing amount of ternary quadratic model simulation was0.374 kg/plant of N, 0.289 kg/plant of P2O5 and 0.891 kg/plant of K2 O. According to the yield trend characteristic, the optimal fertilizing amount of unary quadratic model was 0.400kg/plant of N, 0.214 kg/plant of P2O5 and 0.901kg/plant of K2 O. Thus it can be seen that only partial indices of the optimal fertilizing amount of ternary quadratic model simulation were higher than that of unary quadratic model. Considering the results, the optimal fertilizing amount of Brazil banana was 0.374-0.400kg/plant of N, 0.214-0.289 kg/plant of P2O5 and 0.891-0.901 kg/plant of K2 O.展开更多
This paper analyzes the corn production cost in China, the U.S. and Brazil from 1997 to 2014. According to the results,（1） corn production cost in China is the highest among these three countries;（2） the rapid gro...This paper analyzes the corn production cost in China, the U.S. and Brazil from 1997 to 2014. According to the results,（1） corn production cost in China is the highest among these three countries;（2） the rapid growth of labor cost and land cost is the major factor that promotes the increase of total corn production cost in China;（3） the level of agricultural mechanization in China has been gradually improving, and the gap between agricultural mechanization levels in China and other two countries is constantly narrowing;（4） differing from the U.S. and Brazil,China exhibits a ＂high input, low output＂ agricultural production mode. Based on the above analyses, corresponding suggestions have been presented to reduce corn production cost in China.展开更多
The 31^(st) session of the International Geological Congress was held in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,August 6-17,2000,in consortium with other South American countries,under the sponsorship of the International Union of Geo...The 31^(st) session of the International Geological Congress was held in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,August 6-17,2000,in consortium with other South American countries,under the sponsorship of the International Union of Geological Sciences,the Brazilian Ministries of Mines and Energy and Science and Technology,through their different agencies and Research Institutes,by the Brazilian Academy of Sciences,the Brazilian Geological Society and other Geo-Societies,in cooperation with many technical and scientific institutions,universities,industrial organizations and government bodies,and support of the Rio de Janeiro State Government and City Council.This large gathering of the IGC family in the 20^(th) Century was the first IGC session ever held in South America since the first meeting in Paris 1878.展开更多
Tapejara wellnhoferi, a small azhdarchoid pterodactyloid from the Early Cretaceous Santana Formation of Brazil, provides critical information about the aerodynamic function of its spectacular head crest. The cranial c...Tapejara wellnhoferi, a small azhdarchoid pterodactyloid from the Early Cretaceous Santana Formation of Brazil, provides critical information about the aerodynamic function of its spectacular head crest. The cranial crests in pterodactyloids were sexually dimorphic and are thought to have evolved in adult males in response to female mate choice. However, the location of cranial crests in front of the center of gravity would create instability in the yaw axis during flight and may seem like a handicap. Vertically aligned webbed feet probably suppressed the yawing rotations and instability from the crest. Here we show that the crest functioned as a front rudder to make agile turn and mediate flight control. A computer simulation model suggests that Tapejara had a large excess of muscle power available above the power required for continuous flapping flight. It could easily takeoff from a perch, ground, or water surface and land safely on the ground. It was an excellent glider with a gliding angle close to 4~ and a cruising speed of 27 km/h. Tapejara could soar efficiently on the windward side of cliffs or circle on rising thermals over tropical waters for efficient long-distance flight. Various control surfaces in the wings of Tapejara analogous to the slat, aileron, elevator, fin, rudder, and horizontal stabilizer of an aircraft made pterodactyloids versatile flyers.展开更多
A study was conducted to evaluate the aboveground biomass, nutrient content and the percentages of mycorrhizal colonization in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus grand＆ plantations in the semiarid region （ 15&#...A study was conducted to evaluate the aboveground biomass, nutrient content and the percentages of mycorrhizal colonization in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus grand＆ plantations in the semiarid region （ 15° 09′ S 43° 49′ W） in the north of the State of Minas Gerais in Brazil. Results show that the total above-ground biomass （dry matter） was 33.6 Mg.ha^-1 for E. camaldulensis and 53.1 Mg·ha^-1 for E. grandis. The biomass of the stem wood, leaves, branches, and stein bark for E. camaldulens accounted for 64.4%, 19.6%, 15.4%, and 0.6% of the total biomass, respectively （Table 2）; meanwhile a similar partition of the total above-ground biomass was also found for E. grand＆. The dry matter of leaves and branches of E. camaldulensis accounted for 35% of total biomass, and the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S in leaves and branches accounted for 15.5%, 0.7%, 12.3%, 22.6%, 1.9%, and 1.4% of those in total above-ground biomass, respectively. In the trunk （bark and wood）, nutrient accumulation in general was lower. Nutrient content of E. grand＆ presented little variation compared with that orE. camaJd^llensis. Wood localized in superior parts of trunk presented a higher concentration of P and bark contained significant amounts of nutrients, especially in E. grand＆. This indicated that leaving vegetal waste is of importance on the site in reducing the loss of tree productivity in this semi-arid region. The two species showed mycotrophy.展开更多
Wide area measurement system(WAMS), which is based on synchronization data from phasor measurement units(PMU) and EMS SCADA, is implemented to establish a system model that can handle certain functions such as realtim...Wide area measurement system(WAMS), which is based on synchronization data from phasor measurement units(PMU) and EMS SCADA, is implemented to establish a system model that can handle certain functions such as realtime power system monitoring, oscillation mode analysis, accident analysis and decision-making assistance for emergency control. The Brazilian Interconnected Power System(BIPS) is a large system covering an extensive geographical region, which faces certain risks and challenges. It has several main transmission corridors associated with large power plants and interconnection between the northern and southeastern regions. Mismatch between the energy base and load pool also exists in Brazil as energy resources are not well-distributed; therefore, the use of large-capacity, long-distance transmission technique to transmit remote power is unescapable. On the other hand, there are many types of voltage levels and multiple entangled electromagnetic loops owing to historical reasons. Then, for insufficient power reservation and defective grid body in load pools, once the external power is cut, it's easy to raise a blackout. The infrastructure is old and the power system operates close to the upper limit. All these represent risks and challenges to BIPS. Through WAMS technology research method in this project, the electrical power system function of monitoring, analysis, and control improved from the static state to the dynamic state. WAMS enhances data integration and real-time analysis capabilities, and can provide dispatchers with high quality real-time dynamic information and decision-making support information, enhance monitoring of auxiliary services in the electricity market, enable operators to improve the accuracy of power network analysis, thereby increasing power grid monitoring and operation, and improve the transmission capacity and reliability of the power grid operation [1].展开更多
AIM:To test the hypothesis that,in the Southeastern Brazilian population,the GSTT1,GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and putative risk factors are associated with an increased risk for gastric cancer. METHODS:We conducte...AIM:To test the hypothesis that,in the Southeastern Brazilian population,the GSTT1,GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and putative risk factors are associated with an increased risk for gastric cancer. METHODS:We conducted a study on 100 cases of gastric cancer (GC),100 cases of chronic gastritis (CG),and 150 controls (C).Deletion of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes was assessed by multiplex PCR.CYP2E1/Pst1 genotyping was performed using a PCR-RFLP assay. RESULTS:No relationship between GSTT1/GSTM1 deletion and the c1/c2 genotype of CYP2E1 was observed among the three groups.However,a significant difference between CG and C was observed,due to a greater number of GSTT1/GSTM1 positive genotypes in the CG group.The GSTT1 null genotype occurred more frequently in Negroid subjects,and the GSTM1 null genotype in Caucasians,while the GSTM1 positive genotype was observed mainly in individuals with chronic gastritis infected with H pylori. CONCLUSION:Our findings indicate that there is no obvious relationship between the GSTT1,GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and gastric cancer.展开更多
文摘Find It Where did Tara take the train to?Conversation A(in the Studio)Greg:Welcome,Tara!Last time,you told us about your trip to the Amazon.Tell us more about Brazil today.Tara:I will,Greg!It's such a colorful,beautiful country!Greg:I know!And Rio de Jmneiro is a marvelous city!
基金financed by the Funda?ao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia(FCT)through the project UIDP/04292/2020(https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/04292/2020)UIDB/04292/2020(https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04292/2020)+2 种基金awarded to MARE and through project LA/P/0069/2020(https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0069/2020)granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNETfunded by the European Space Agency through the SMOS Expert Support Laboratory(ESL)for SMOS Level 2 over land,ocean,ice[4000130567/20/I-BG]MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501,100,011,033 through the project INTERACT[PID2020-114623RB-C31]。
文摘The variability of the sea surface salinity measurements provided by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission reveals the presence of a local salinity maximum(a salty tongue)in the northwestern tropical Atlantic.The sea surface salinity positive anomaly starts increasing in July,reaches its maximum in January,and then disappears.The local maximum of salinity appears in the late boreal autumn/winter,when the Amazon discharge is minimal and the salty water from the South Atlantic is transported by the North Brazil Current along the shelf break across the equator.The authors validate the satellite observations in this area and assess the vertical structure of the salinity maximum by using in situ measurements and an in situ-interpolated product.
基金Supported by the Key Project of Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education,No.2024ZD023.
文摘BACKGROUND Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer(GBTC)is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with a high fatality rate.The global incidence and mortality of GBTC continue to increase,presenting a significant challenge to public health.Strategies for preventing and controlling GBTC in Brazil,Russian Federation,India,China and South Africa(BRICS)countries offer valuable lessons for other developing nations.AIM To investigate GBTC burden trends in BRICS countries and perform an ageperiod-cohort(APC)analysis of Global Burden of Disease(GBD)from 1990-2021.METHODS Data on the incidences and crude incidence rates,the number of deaths and crude mortality rates,and the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and agestandardized mortality rate(ASMR)of GBTC were obtained for BRICS countries from the GBD study 2021.Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to examine the trends in disease burden from 1990 to 2021.The APC model was utilized to assess the age,period,and birth cohort effects on the changes in GBTC disease burden worldwide and in the BRICS countries during the same time frame.Bayesian APC analysis was used to estimate the future burden.RESULTS The increases in incidence and deaths were 101.09%and 74.26%,respectively,compared with 1990.The ASMRs in Brazil,Russia,and China decreased,while those in India and South Africa increased.Among the BRICS countries,in most age groups in Brazil,Russia,India,and South Africa,the crude incidence and mortality rates in women were higher than those in men,whereas in China,the situation was the opposite.Joinpoint regression analysis revealed that from 1990 to 2021,the overall ASIR of gallbladder and bile duct cancer exhibited a declining trend.Although the incidence rate in China showed an increasing trend,the mortality rate exhibited a declining trend,which became more pronounced over time.CONCLUSION In BRICS countries,the number of incident cases and deaths from GBTC increased between 1990 and 2021,primarily due to rapid population growth.Nevertheless,the ASIR and ASMR declined during the same period.
文摘The Santos Basin in Brazil has witnessed significant oil and gas discoveries in deepwater pre-salt since the 21^(st)century.Currently,the waters in eastern Brazil stand out as a hot area of deepwater exploration and production worldwide.Based on a review of the petroleum exploration and production history in Brazil,the challenges,researches and practices,strategic transformation,significant breakthroughs,and key theories and technologies for exploration from onshore to offshore and from shallow waters to deep-ultra-deep waters and then to pre-salt strata are systematically elaborated.Within 15 years since its establishment in 1953,Petrobras explored onshore Paleozoic cratonic and marginal rift basins,and obtained some small to medium petroleum discoveries in fault-block traps.In the 1970s,Petrobras developed seismic exploration technologies and several hydrocarbon accumulation models,for example,turbidite sandstones,allowing important discoveries in shallow waters,e.g.the Namorado Field and Enchova fields.Guided by these models/technologies,significant discoveries,e.g.the Marlim and Roncador fields,were made in deepwater post-salt in the Campos Basin.In the early 21^(st)century,the advancements in theories and technologies for pre-salt petroleum system,carbonate reservoirs,hydrocarbon accumulation and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)logging stimulated a succession of valuable discoveries in the Lower Cretaceous lacustrine carbonates in the Santos Basin,including the world-class ultra-deepwater super giant fields such as Tupi(Lula),Mero and Buzios.Petroleum development in complex deep water environments is extremely challenging.By establishing the Technological Capacitation Program in Deep Waters(PROCAP),Petrobras developed and implemented key technologies including managed pressure drilling(MPD)with narrow pressure window,pressurized mud cap drilling(PMCD),multi-stage intelligent completion,development with Floating Production Storage and Offloading units(FPSO),and flow assurance,which remarkably improved the drilling,completion,field development and transportation efficiency and safety.Additionally,under the limited FPSO capacity,Petrobras promoted the world-largest CCUS-EOR project,which contributed effectively to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the enhancement of oil recovery.Development and application of these technologies provide valuable reference for deep and ultra-deepwater petroleum exploration and production worldwide.The petroleum exploration in Brazil will consistently focus on ultra-deep water pre-salt carbonates and post-salt turbidites,and seek new opportunities in Paleozoic gas.Technical innovation and strategic cooperation will be held to promote the sustainable development of Brazil's oil and gas industry.
文摘Coccidiosis is a disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites, specifically belonging to the genus Eimeria. These parasites target the gastrointestinal tract in different types of hosts, causing sores in the intestinal lining. The presence of these lesions reduces the animal’s ability to digest and absorb nutrients, significantly impacting their overall performance. The current study aimed to explore the potential correlation between seasonal variations and the incidence of Eimeria spp-induced lesions in broiler chickens’ gastrointestinal tracts in Brazil from 2012 to 2018. A total of 8,607 broiler chickens, aged 14 to 42 days, were sampled from 103 poultry integrated companies in Brazil to conduct intestinal health examinations. The sampling process involved selecting 3 to 6 chickens from each poultry house for examination. The assessment included various abnormalities such as shedding of intestinal cells and excessive fluid and mucus presence, thickening and tension of the intestines, food movement, roughened mucosal surface resembling a Turkish towel in the small intestine, tissue death, duodenal inflammation, intestinal inflammation, gizzard erosion, presence of worms and bedding material, and ingestion of mealworms. During the seasons, winter exhibited the highest average occurrence of Eimeria maxima microorganisms at 52.83%, with E. acervulina following closely at 26.42% in second place. In spring, E. maxima had an occurrence of 11.31%, while in fall, E. tenella had the lowest occurrence at 6.74%. When analyzing the seasonal occurrence of Eimeria, it was observed that E. maxima micro was more common during winter compared to summer (P = 0.0491). However, no discernible variation was observed in the occurrence of the remaining species across different seasons. Research findings suggest that subclinical coccidiosis is most prevalent during the winter season in Brazil. Likewise, clinical disease caused by E. acervulina is also prevalent during this time. In contrast, E. maxima is more likely to cause clinical disease in the spring, whereas E. tenella is more commonly associated with clinical disease in the fall. Lesions induced by Eimeria spp. are associated with factors influencing the overall health of broiler intestines. These findings allow for the utilization of seasonal metrics in disease management, thereby reducing economic losses associated with the condition.
文摘In the aftermath of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic in Brazil,accountability is crucial for those who denied the severity of the virus,spreading false information and causing harm.Some individuals have already faced legal proceedings against them,revealing economic motivations behind their actions.It is equally important to hold doctors accountable for prescribing ineffective treatments,putting the population at risk.The leaders of the denial movement and the federal government,who mishandled the pandemic,should be held accountable for the high death toll.Seeking justice from the legislative and executive branches is necessary,along with exemplary measures for those who spread misinformation about COVID-19.
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic caused an outbreak on the global productive chains,transforming companies and society in general.Governments adopted anticyclical policies such as basic interest rates reduction as response.Brazil basic interest rate is denominated Selic.The application of these policies requires the protagonist of bank’s financial intermediation.This study aims to verify two events-under the perspective of the efficient markets’theory.The first is the communication of the first death by COVID-19-and the subsequent,Selic rate reduction to 2%p.a.-and its effects on bank’s shares prices.The hypotheses presented are:H1-The announcement of the first death by COVID-19 negatively impacts the banks’shares returns and H2-The announcement of the Selic interest rate-during the COVID-19-positively impacts the return of the banks’shares.We adopt event study methodology in a final sample of nine and 15 banks to Events 1 and 2 respectively.The results confirm H1 as well as the semi-strong informational efficiency market.H2 is not confirmed.Results confirm the non-effectiveness of the anticyclical policy of basic interest rate reduction.This contributes to the discussion about the impacts of COVID-19 and the efficacy of anticyclical policies.
文摘Brazil possesses abundant new energy resources such as solar energy,wind energy,and biomass energy,and is at the forefront of the world in the development and utilization of new energy,becoming a pioneer in energy transition and low-carbon development.Renewable energy accounts for nearly half of Brazil’s primary energy consumption,with the share in the power sector exceeding 75%.Brazil has achieved its carbon peak and is still actively promoting carbon and emission further reduction and the development of new energy.
文摘Current status of Brazil’s energy transition On August 26,2024,Brazil’s National Council for Energy Policy(CNPE)held a special meeting and approved the national energy transition policy.This policy is intended to promote the development of Brazil’s green economy,mainly involving sectors such as industry,transportation,oil and natural gas,electricity,and mining.It is expected to attract investments of about BRL 2 trillion(approximately USD 400 billion)in the next decade.
基金support from the Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support in the State of Rio de Janeiro (Faperj)the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)+2 种基金supported by notice CNPq-PROEP-COC, CNPq Universal 2023, PPSUS and ARC funding callsFernandes-de-Oliveira and Scalfi thank CNPq for the DTI-A scholarshipCNPq for the Productivity in Research 1B and 2 scholarships, respectively
文摘In this article, we analysed the emotions expressed in response to COVID-19 vaccines on Kwai, a Chinese social-media platform launched in Brazil in 2019. Our corpus comprised 355 videos published between 2020 and 2022 and collected through a Python script. The emotions were identified and classified based on the emotion descriptors of the Human–Machine Interaction Network on Emotion for Emotion Annotation and Representation Language;an analysis of the levels of emotional valence and arousal was based on the core affect model. Considering the diversity of video content, we classified the posts according to their approach in order to identify those that expressed emotion, based on their predominant characteristic(personal,informative, infotainment, humorous or advertising). As a result, we observed that just over half of the emotions expressed in relation to the total set of data were positive. This positive attitude was emphasized when the vaccines were taken as the main topic mobilizing emotions. Expressions of contentment and trust stood out, especially among posts with a personal approach and advertising content. Among the negative emotions, disapproval and doubt stood out, mobilized by topics in relation to the vaccines and other contextual elements, especially in videos with a humorous, informative or infotainment approach.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore physiological responses of Brazil banana seedlings to drought stress simulated by PEG-6000.[Method] Brazil banana （Musa AAA Cavendish subgroup cv.Brazil） was taken as test materials to explore changes of physiological indices of banana seedlings under drought stresses simulated by PEG-6000,including three stress levels （5％,10％ and 15％） and time periods （24,48 and 72 h）.[Result] Relative water content and chlorophyll content both declined under different stress levels and in different times.The content of proline （Pro） in seedling leaves from high to low was PEG15％,PEG10％ and PEG5％; the content of treatment of 5％ stress in 24 h was of insignificant differences with that of the control and the contents in rest treatments were all remarkably higher compared with the control.POD activities of seedling leaves from high to low were as follows：PEG15％＞PEG10％＞PEG5％,and POD activity was of significant differences among treatments; POD activity achieved the peak in treatment group with 5％ of stress,and POD activities of different groups were all higher compared with the control.The activity of root system in treatment groups with PEG at different concentrations was as follows：PEG10％＞PEG15％＞PEG5％ and the activity increased remarkably in the group with PEG at 5％ within 24,48 and 72 h,though the activity dropped significantly within 72 h and slowly in 24 and 48 h.[Conclusion] It can be concluded that relative water content,chlorophyll content,Pro content and activity and root activity can be references of banana resistance to drought.
基金Projects(50904079, 51274254, 50934006) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010CB732004) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(NCET-11-0528) supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China
文摘To reveal stress distribution and crack propagation of Brazilian discs under impact loads, dynamic tests were conducted with SHPB （split Hopkinson pressure bar） device. Stress states of specimens were monitored with strain gauges on specimen surface and SHPB bars. The failure process of specimen was recorded by ultra speed camera FASTCAM SAI.1 （675 000 fps）. Stress histories from strain gauges offer comprehensive information to evaluate the stress equilibrium of specimen in time and space. When a slowly rising load （with loading rates less than 1 200 N/s for d 50 mm bar） is applied, there is usually good stress equilibrium in specimen. The stress distribution after equilibrium is similar to its static counterpart. And the first crack initiates at the disc center and propagates along the load direction. But with the front of incident wave becoming steep, it is hard for specimens to get to stress equilibrium. The first crack may appear anywhere on the specimen together with multiple randomly distributed secondary cracks. For a valid dynamic Brazil test with stress equilibrium, the specimen will break into two halves neatly. While for tests with stress disequilibrium, missing strap may be found when broken halves of specimens are put together. For those specimens broken up neatly at center but having missing wedges at the loading areas, it is usually subjected to local buckling from SHPB bars.
基金Supported by the National Science Found for Young Scholars of China(No.31101123)Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province of China(No.311062)~~
文摘Fertilizer effect model such as ternary quadratic, unary quadratic, straight line and platform model was respectively used to analyze the two-year ＂3414＂ test data collected from banana garden in Fushan Town of Hainan Province. The results showed that the optimal fertilizing amount of ternary quadratic model simulation was0.374 kg/plant of N, 0.289 kg/plant of P2O5 and 0.891 kg/plant of K2 O. According to the yield trend characteristic, the optimal fertilizing amount of unary quadratic model was 0.400kg/plant of N, 0.214 kg/plant of P2O5 and 0.901kg/plant of K2 O. Thus it can be seen that only partial indices of the optimal fertilizing amount of ternary quadratic model simulation were higher than that of unary quadratic model. Considering the results, the optimal fertilizing amount of Brazil banana was 0.374-0.400kg/plant of N, 0.214-0.289 kg/plant of P2O5 and 0.891-0.901 kg/plant of K2 O.
文摘This paper analyzes the corn production cost in China, the U.S. and Brazil from 1997 to 2014. According to the results,（1） corn production cost in China is the highest among these three countries;（2） the rapid growth of labor cost and land cost is the major factor that promotes the increase of total corn production cost in China;（3） the level of agricultural mechanization in China has been gradually improving, and the gap between agricultural mechanization levels in China and other two countries is constantly narrowing;（4） differing from the U.S. and Brazil,China exhibits a ＂high input, low output＂ agricultural production mode. Based on the above analyses, corresponding suggestions have been presented to reduce corn production cost in China.
文摘The 31^(st) session of the International Geological Congress was held in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,August 6-17,2000,in consortium with other South American countries,under the sponsorship of the International Union of Geological Sciences,the Brazilian Ministries of Mines and Energy and Science and Technology,through their different agencies and Research Institutes,by the Brazilian Academy of Sciences,the Brazilian Geological Society and other Geo-Societies,in cooperation with many technical and scientific institutions,universities,industrial organizations and government bodies,and support of the Rio de Janeiro State Government and City Council.This large gathering of the IGC family in the 20^(th) Century was the first IGC session ever held in South America since the first meeting in Paris 1878.
文摘Tapejara wellnhoferi, a small azhdarchoid pterodactyloid from the Early Cretaceous Santana Formation of Brazil, provides critical information about the aerodynamic function of its spectacular head crest. The cranial crests in pterodactyloids were sexually dimorphic and are thought to have evolved in adult males in response to female mate choice. However, the location of cranial crests in front of the center of gravity would create instability in the yaw axis during flight and may seem like a handicap. Vertically aligned webbed feet probably suppressed the yawing rotations and instability from the crest. Here we show that the crest functioned as a front rudder to make agile turn and mediate flight control. A computer simulation model suggests that Tapejara had a large excess of muscle power available above the power required for continuous flapping flight. It could easily takeoff from a perch, ground, or water surface and land safely on the ground. It was an excellent glider with a gliding angle close to 4~ and a cruising speed of 27 km/h. Tapejara could soar efficiently on the windward side of cliffs or circle on rising thermals over tropical waters for efficient long-distance flight. Various control surfaces in the wings of Tapejara analogous to the slat, aileron, elevator, fin, rudder, and horizontal stabilizer of an aircraft made pterodactyloids versatile flyers.
基金financed by CAPES (Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior)
文摘A study was conducted to evaluate the aboveground biomass, nutrient content and the percentages of mycorrhizal colonization in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus grand＆ plantations in the semiarid region （ 15° 09′ S 43° 49′ W） in the north of the State of Minas Gerais in Brazil. Results show that the total above-ground biomass （dry matter） was 33.6 Mg.ha^-1 for E. camaldulensis and 53.1 Mg·ha^-1 for E. grandis. The biomass of the stem wood, leaves, branches, and stein bark for E. camaldulens accounted for 64.4%, 19.6%, 15.4%, and 0.6% of the total biomass, respectively （Table 2）; meanwhile a similar partition of the total above-ground biomass was also found for E. grand＆. The dry matter of leaves and branches of E. camaldulensis accounted for 35% of total biomass, and the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S in leaves and branches accounted for 15.5%, 0.7%, 12.3%, 22.6%, 1.9%, and 1.4% of those in total above-ground biomass, respectively. In the trunk （bark and wood）, nutrient accumulation in general was lower. Nutrient content of E. grand＆ presented little variation compared with that orE. camaJd^llensis. Wood localized in superior parts of trunk presented a higher concentration of P and bark contained significant amounts of nutrients, especially in E. grand＆. This indicated that leaving vegetal waste is of importance on the site in reducing the loss of tree productivity in this semi-arid region. The two species showed mycotrophy.
文摘Wide area measurement system(WAMS), which is based on synchronization data from phasor measurement units(PMU) and EMS SCADA, is implemented to establish a system model that can handle certain functions such as realtime power system monitoring, oscillation mode analysis, accident analysis and decision-making assistance for emergency control. The Brazilian Interconnected Power System(BIPS) is a large system covering an extensive geographical region, which faces certain risks and challenges. It has several main transmission corridors associated with large power plants and interconnection between the northern and southeastern regions. Mismatch between the energy base and load pool also exists in Brazil as energy resources are not well-distributed; therefore, the use of large-capacity, long-distance transmission technique to transmit remote power is unescapable. On the other hand, there are many types of voltage levels and multiple entangled electromagnetic loops owing to historical reasons. Then, for insufficient power reservation and defective grid body in load pools, once the external power is cut, it's easy to raise a blackout. The infrastructure is old and the power system operates close to the upper limit. All these represent risks and challenges to BIPS. Through WAMS technology research method in this project, the electrical power system function of monitoring, analysis, and control improved from the static state to the dynamic state. WAMS enhances data integration and real-time analysis capabilities, and can provide dispatchers with high quality real-time dynamic information and decision-making support information, enhance monitoring of auxiliary services in the electricity market, enable operators to improve the accuracy of power network analysis, thereby increasing power grid monitoring and operation, and improve the transmission capacity and reliability of the power grid operation [1].
文摘AIM:To test the hypothesis that,in the Southeastern Brazilian population,the GSTT1,GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and putative risk factors are associated with an increased risk for gastric cancer. METHODS:We conducted a study on 100 cases of gastric cancer (GC),100 cases of chronic gastritis (CG),and 150 controls (C).Deletion of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes was assessed by multiplex PCR.CYP2E1/Pst1 genotyping was performed using a PCR-RFLP assay. RESULTS:No relationship between GSTT1/GSTM1 deletion and the c1/c2 genotype of CYP2E1 was observed among the three groups.However,a significant difference between CG and C was observed,due to a greater number of GSTT1/GSTM1 positive genotypes in the CG group.The GSTT1 null genotype occurred more frequently in Negroid subjects,and the GSTM1 null genotype in Caucasians,while the GSTM1 positive genotype was observed mainly in individuals with chronic gastritis infected with H pylori. CONCLUSION:Our findings indicate that there is no obvious relationship between the GSTT1,GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and gastric cancer.
