Over the last ten years artificial intelligence(AI)methods have begun to pervade even the most common everyday tasks such as email filtering and mobile banking.While the necessary quality and safety standards may have...Over the last ten years artificial intelligence(AI)methods have begun to pervade even the most common everyday tasks such as email filtering and mobile banking.While the necessary quality and safety standards may have understandably slowed the introduction of AI to healthcare when compared with other industries,we are now beginning to see AI methods becoming more available to the clinician in select settings.In this paper we discuss current AI methods as they pertain to gastrointestinal procedures including both gastroenterology and gastrointestinal surgery.The current state of the art for polyp detection in gastroenterology is explored with a particular focus on deep leaning,its strengths,as well as some of the factors that may limit its application to the field of surgery.The use of biophysics(utilizing physics to study and explain biological phenomena)in combination with more traditional machine learning is also discussed and proposed as an alternative approach that may solve some of the challenges associated with deep learning.Past and present uses of biophysics inspired AI methods,such as the use of fluorescence guided surgery to aid in the characterization of colorectal lesions,are used to illustrate the role biophysicsinspired AI can play in the exciting future of the gastrointestinal proceduralist.展开更多
IMP has established an industrial chain based on circular economy to develop various biological products and nice feed for cattle since 2010. So far, the planting scale of sweet sorghum has been nearly to 1 million Ch...IMP has established an industrial chain based on circular economy to develop various biological products and nice feed for cattle since 2010. So far, the planting scale of sweet sorghum has been nearly to 1 million Chinese mu in Gansu Province. According to developmental plan of sweet sorghum industrialization in local government, sweet sorghum will be planted to 5 million mu in Gansu Province in 2020, forming the circular economy industrial chain valued as hundred billion yuan. In 2015, IMP received an award named Innovation Award of Industry University Research Cooperation in China for their promoted progress of Sweet sorghum industrial chain.展开更多
Bei Shizhang is known as a biologist in China. After returning from study abroad, he overrode all objections, established the Institute of Biophysics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in July 1958 and strongly advoca...Bei Shizhang is known as a biologist in China. After returning from study abroad, he overrode all objections, established the Institute of Biophysics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in July 1958 and strongly advocated for the establishment of the Department of Biophysics at the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC) in September 1958. He planned and prepared for the establishment of the department from the very beginning. In determining various operational aspects, such as enrolment planning, teacher arrangements, teaching plans and teaching objectives, he endeavoured to change the traditional model of biology education by focusing on the basic knowledge of physics and chemistry and emphasizing the concept that education was in the service of the political and military needs of the country. With these principles, he trained a large number of outstanding talents in the field of biophysics. Using material from the USTC archives and from recorded interviews, this paper describes the process of establishing the Department of Biophysics at USTC and the important role played by Bei Shizhang.展开更多
We are pleased to present the third issue of JIOHS,which focuses on optical technologies of diagnosticsand therapy,These are selected papers presented during Saratov Fall Meeting,1t International Sym-posium on Optics ...We are pleased to present the third issue of JIOHS,which focuses on optical technologies of diagnosticsand therapy,These are selected papers presented during Saratov Fall Meeting,1t International Sym-posium on Optics and Biophotonics(September 24-28,2013,Saratov,Russia)in the framework of the Workshops:"Optical Technologies in Biophysics_and Medicine,"Nanobiophotonics,"and"Internet Biophotonics."展开更多
Biophysics as an immense spectrum comprehended by one of the most commonly applied borderland mental process embracing from the nature,through living systems up to spiritual processes brings it along inevitable that t...Biophysics as an immense spectrum comprehended by one of the most commonly applied borderland mental process embracing from the nature,through living systems up to spiritual processes brings it along inevitable that the reader will join issue here and there with the deductions of this book but in actual fact it was just one of the goals of this work.To get hold of the biophysical view is not an easy task,because it applies mathematical apparatus to biological systems;on the other hand as a reward it guides to fascinating results,recognizing theoretically which conformity of rules are valid on principle in the Universe in the inanimate-living-spiritual triple system from the lowest to the highest organizational level.In this way one can make up the reader’s claim to consider systematically those problems arising from the various fields of science and life in the countless variety of interrelations and in their very different consequences.展开更多
This paper reviews recent developments and key advances in terahertz(THz)science,technology,and applications,focusing on 3 core areas:astronomy,telecommunications,and biophysics.In THz astronomy,it highlights major di...This paper reviews recent developments and key advances in terahertz(THz)science,technology,and applications,focusing on 3 core areas:astronomy,telecommunications,and biophysics.In THz astronomy,it highlights major discoveries and ongoing projects,emphasizing the role of advanced superconducting technologies,including superconductor–insulator–superconductor(SIS)mixers,hot electron boundedness spectroscopy(HEB),transition-edge sensors(TESs),and kinetic inductance detectors(KIDs),while exploring prospects in the field.For THz telecommunication,it discusses progress in solid-state sources,new communication technologies operating within the THz band,and diverse modulation methods that enhance transmission capabilities.In THz biophysics,the focus shifts to the physical modulation of THz waves and their impact across biological systems,from whole organisms to cellular and molecular levels,emphasizing nonthermal effects and fundamental mechanisms.This review concludes with an analysis of the challenges and perspectives shaping the future of THz technology.展开更多
HCLS1-associated protein X-1(HAX1)is a multifunctional mitochondrial protein involved in the regulation of apoptosis,a crucial process of programmed cell death,and mRNA processing.Despite its significance,limited stru...HCLS1-associated protein X-1(HAX1)is a multifunctional mitochondrial protein involved in the regulation of apoptosis,a crucial process of programmed cell death,and mRNA processing.Despite its significance,limited structural data is available for HAX1,hindering a comprehensive understanding of its biological function.Notably,the caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit B(CLPB)has been identified as an interacting partner of HAX1,yet the biophysical properties and binding affinity governing their interaction remain poorly defined.In this study,we present a thorough biophysical characterization of full-length human HAX1 and CLPB,accomplished through recombinant expression and purification.By employing size exclusion chromatography,dynamic light scattering,and circular dichroism spectroscopy,we successfully established their biophysical properties,revealing contrasting structural features,with CLPB displaying a-helical content and HAX1 exhibiting a disordered nature.Moreover,we employed solutionstate nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy to probe their binding affinity.Our findings demonstrate the formation of stable multimeric complexes between HAX1 and CLPB,and we quantified a dissociation constant in the low range of micro-molar for their high affinity interaction.These results lay the foundation for further in-depth investigations into the dynamics and energetics governing the HAX1-CLPB interaction,ultimately contributing to a comprehensive understanding of their functional mechanisms.展开更多
Global deforestation has been recognized as an important factor influencing climate change over the past century.However, uncertainties remain regarding its biophysical impacts on temperature across China. Utilizing m...Global deforestation has been recognized as an important factor influencing climate change over the past century.However, uncertainties remain regarding its biophysical impacts on temperature across China. Utilizing monthly data from eight global climate models of the Land Use Model Intercomparison Project, a multimodel comparison was conducted to quantitatively analyze the biophysical impacts of global deforestation on near-surface air temperature in China, using a surface energy balance decomposition method. Results show a 38%(29% to 45%) reduction in forest cover in China(ensemble mean and range across eight models) relative to pre-industrial levels, and an annual cooling of 0.6 K(0.05 to1.4 K) accompanied by global deforestation. Notably, surface albedo causes a cooling effect of 0.6 K(0.2 to 2.0 K), while surface latent and sensible heat fluxes partially offset this cooling by 0.2 K(-0.2 to 0.5 K) and 0.2 K(-0.04 to 0.6 K),respectively. These effects are more pronounced in winter and spring in deforested regions. Furthermore, the separation of atmospheric feedbacks under clear-sky and cloudy conditions show that the cloud radiative effect only accounts for 0.1 K(-0.1 to 0.4 K), while the clear-sky surface downward radiation is a significant cooling factor, contributing up to-0.5 K(-1.2 to 0.004 K), particularly in summer. However, the consistency of these models in simulating the impact of surface latent heat flux and albedo on surface temperature in China in response to deforestation is somewhat poor, highlighting the need to improve these related processes.展开更多
Marine fisheries catches have significant economic,social,and cultural importance for coastal communities and nations worldwide.In addition to overfishing and predation,oceanic conditions linked to climate variability...Marine fisheries catches have significant economic,social,and cultural importance for coastal communities and nations worldwide.In addition to overfishing and predation,oceanic conditions linked to climate variability profoundly affect catches of oceanic fish species.Based on the fishery data from the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)of the United Nations and multiple physical and biogeochemical datasets,we examined the correlation between major modes of climate variability at high and low frequency and multiple key fish species in five major fishing grounds worldwide.The results reveal that over 80%of selected key fish species have declined over the past five decades,with more than 50%transitioning from an increasing to a decreasing trend in the 1990 s.Additionally,over 80%of fish species directly correlate with low-frequency climate indices,including Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO),Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation(AMO)and tropical southern Atlantic(TSA).However,less than 40%of fish species exhibit a direct association with high-frequency climate indices of El Niño Southern Oscillation(ENSO),North Atlantic Ocean(NAO),and Atlantic Niño(ATL 3).Synthetic analysis on the Sea Surface Temperature(SST),Mixed Layer Depth(MLD)and chlorophyll a revealed that shifts in the low-frequency climate can directly affect the habitats of numerous fish species,and subsequently influence their fishing yields.Specially,negative SST anomalies and positive chlorophyll-a anomalies were observed during a positive phase of PDO in the central and western Pacific regions,resulting in an increased catch values of Alaska pollock,Pacific sardine,and Chilean jack mackerel.Similar changes occur in positive and negative phases of other low frequency indices.Our research offered a comprehensive perspective on oceanic fish catch responses to climate change,serving as a guide for formulating effective management strategies for marine fish resources.展开更多
DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs)may result in cellular mutations,apoptosis,and cell death,making them critical determinants of cellular survival and functionality,as well as major mechanisms underlying cell death.The su...DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs)may result in cellular mutations,apoptosis,and cell death,making them critical determinants of cellular survival and functionality,as well as major mechanisms underlying cell death.The success of nanodosimetry lies in the reduction in the number of modeling parameters to be adjusted for the model to predict experimental data on radiation biology.Based on this background,this study modified and simplified the logistic nanodosimetry model(LNDM)based on radiation-induced DSB probability.The probability distribution of ionization cluster size P(v|Q)under irradiation with carbon-ion beams was obtained through a track-structure Monte Carlo(MC)simulation,and then,the nanodosimetric quantities and DSB probability were calculated.Combining the assumptions of the linear quadratic(LQ)model and LNDM,DSB probability-based modification and simplification of the LNDM were conducted.Additionally,based on the radiobiological experimental data of human salivary gland(HSG),Chinese hamster lung(V79),and Chinese hamster ovary(CHO-K1)cells,the least-squares method was used to optimize the parameters of the modified LNDM(mLNDM).The mLNDM accurately reproduced the experimental data of HSG,V79,and CHO-K1 cells,and the results showed that the model parameters r and m_(0) were independent of the cell type,that is,the biological effects of cells with different radiosensitivities can be characterized by adjusting only the model parameters k and P_(s→l).Compared with HSG and CHO-K1 cells,V79 cells had smaller k and P_(s→l)values,indicating that that DSBs have a lower probability of eventually causing lethal damage,and sublethal events are less likely to interact to form lethal events,thereby having radioresistant characteristics.Compared with the LNDM,the mLNDM eliminates the tedious derivation process and connects the quantities characterizing radiation quality at the nanoscale level using radiation biological effects in a more direct and easy-to-understand manner,thus providing a simpler and more accurate method for calculating relative biological effectiveness for ion-beam treatment planning.展开更多
At the beginning of the 20^(th)century,German scientist Richard Semon introduced the term'engram'to describe the neural substrate implicated in the processes of memory formation and retrieval[1].The trace of t...At the beginning of the 20^(th)century,German scientist Richard Semon introduced the term'engram'to describe the neural substrate implicated in the processes of memory formation and retrieval[1].The trace of the corresponding biophysical and biochemical changes in the brain responding to an external stimulus is called an engram,and understanding the physical manifestations of memory formation and recall remains a fundamental yet unresolved question[2].展开更多
Phenology shifts influence regional climate by altering energy,and water fluxes through biophysical processes.However,a quantitative understanding of the phenological control on vegetation’s biophysical feedbacks to ...Phenology shifts influence regional climate by altering energy,and water fluxes through biophysical processes.However,a quantitative understanding of the phenological control on vegetation’s biophysical feedbacks to re gional climate remains elusive.Using long-term remote sensing observations and Weather Research and Fore casting(WRF)model simulations,we investigated vegetation phenology changes from 2003 to 2020 and quan tified their biophysical controls on the regional climate in Northeast China.Our findings elucidated that earlier green-up contributed to a prolonged growing season in forests,while advanced green-up and delayed dormancy extended the growing season in croplands.This prolonged presence and increased maximum green cover in tensified climate-vegetation interactions,resulting in more significant surface cooling in croplands compared to forests.Surface cooling from forest phenology changes was prominent during May’s green-up(-0.53±0.07°C),while crop phenology changes induced cooling throughout the growing season,particularly in June(-0.47±0.15°C),July(-0.48±0.11°C),and September(-0.28±0.09°C).Furthermore,we unraveled the contributions of different biophysical pathways to temperature feedback using a two-resistance attribution model,with aero dynamic resistance emerging as the dominant factor.Crucially,our findings underscored that the land surface temperature(LST)sensitivity,exhibited substantially higher values in croplands rather than temperate forests.These strong sensitivities,coupled with the projected continuation of phenology shifts,portend further growing season cooling in croplands.These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the intricate feedback mechanisms between vegetation phenology and surface temperature,emphasizing the significance of vegetation phenology dynamics in shaping regional climate pattern and seasonality.展开更多
Editor-in-Chief:Peng Li Academician,Chinese Academy of Sciences Academician,The World Academy of Sciences President,Zhengzhou University Director,Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences Professor,Tsinghua ...Editor-in-Chief:Peng Li Academician,Chinese Academy of Sciences Academician,The World Academy of Sciences President,Zhengzhou University Director,Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences Professor,Tsinghua University Vice President,Chinese Biophysical Society President,Chinese Biophysical Society Metabolic Biology Division Advisory Board Member.展开更多
Few studies have investigated the spatial patterns of the air temperature urban heat island(AUHI)and its controlling factors.In this study,the data generated by an urban climate model were used to investigate the spat...Few studies have investigated the spatial patterns of the air temperature urban heat island(AUHI)and its controlling factors.In this study,the data generated by an urban climate model were used to investigate the spatial variations of the AUHI across China and the underlying climate and ecological drivers.A total of 355 urban clusters were used.We performed an attribution analysis of the AUHI to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its formation.The results show that the midday AUHI is negatively correlated with climate wetness(humid:0.34 K;semi-humid:0.50 K;semi-arid:0.73 K).The annual mean midnight AUHI does not show discernible spatial patterns,but is generally stronger than the midday AUHI.The urban–rural difference in convection efficiency is the largest contributor to the midday AUHI in the humid(0.32±0.09 K)and the semi-arid(0.36±0.11 K)climate zones.The release of anthropogenic heat from urban land is the dominant contributor to the midnight AUHI in all three climate zones.The rural vegetation density is the most important driver of the daytime and nighttime AUHI spatial variations.A spatial covariance analysis revealed that this vegetation influence is manifested mainly through its regulation of heat storage in rural land.展开更多
The effect of evolutionary history on wood density variation may play an important role in shaping variation in wood density,but this has largely not been tested.Using a comprehensive global dataset including 27,297 m...The effect of evolutionary history on wood density variation may play an important role in shaping variation in wood density,but this has largely not been tested.Using a comprehensive global dataset including 27,297 measurements of wood density from 2621 tree species worldwide,we test the hypothesis that the legacy of evolutionary history plays an important role in driving the variation of wood density among tree species.We assessed phylogenetic signal in different taxonomic(e.g.,angiosperms and gymnosperms)and ecological(e.g.,tropical,temperate,and boreal)groups of tree species,explored the biogeographical and phylogenetic patterns of wood density,and quantified the relative importance of current environmental factors(e.g.,climatic and soil variables)and evolutionary history(i.e.,phylogenetic relatedness among species and lineages)in driving global wood density variation.We found that wood density displayed a significant phylogenetic signal.Wood density differed among different biomes and climatic zones,with higher mean values of wood density in relatively drier regions(highest in subtropical desert).Our study revealed that at a global scale,for angiosperms and gymnosperms combined,phylogeny and species(representing the variance explained by taxonomy and not direct explained by long-term evolution process)explained 84.3%and 7.7%of total wood density variation,respectively,whereas current environment explained 2.7%of total wood density variation when phylogeny and species were taken into account.When angiosperms and gymnosperms were considered separately,the three proportions of explained variation are,respectively,84.2%,7.5%and 6.7%for angiosperms,and 45.7%,21.3%and 18.6%for gymnosperms.Our study shows that evolutionary history outpaced current environmental factors in shaping global variation in wood density.展开更多
Numerous studies from different international groups have demonstrated that sensations can be propagated along acupuncture channel pathways.The propagated sensation along the channel pathway(PSCP)can be elicited by el...Numerous studies from different international groups have demonstrated that sensations can be propagated along acupuncture channel pathways.The propagated sensation along the channel pathway(PSCP)can be elicited by electroacupuncture(EA),transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS),manual acupuncture(MA),and heat applied to distal acupuncture points(acupoints).Nitric oxide(NO)levels were reported to be elevated in the gracile nucleus and skin regions near to the EA sites,with higher levels at acupoints associated with an enhanced expression of NO synthase and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1.The stimuli,EA,MA,TENS,and heat,have been used to elicit axonal reflexes,which increase local release of NO and neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene related peptide.Furthermore,the sensation of PSCP along the body surface occurs only ipsilaterally to the stimulated acupoints in various human studies,which does not support the involvement of the spinal-thalamic pathway,which would involve cross over transmission of the signals.The gracile nucleus receives ascending input from the sciatic nerve and responds to somatosensory stimulation mainly on the ipsilateral side via the dorsal column pathway.EA at Zusanli(ST36)increases NO release and expression of NO synthase mainly in the ipsilateral side of the gracile nucleus,while the cardiovascular effects and analgesic responses to EA at ST36 are changed by influences of l-arginine-derived NO synthesis in the ipsilateral gracile nucleus in rats.The stimuli-induced release of NOergic molecules and neuropeptides exist high levels in the acupoints,which contain rich neuronal components and blood vessels.Enhanced NOergic molecules at acupoints cause axon reflexes during the stimuli,which elevate cutaneous blood flow.Elevated NOergic molecules and local blood flow may spread over acupoints one after another along the meridian lines differing from nerve pathways following the stimuli to induce PSCP.The same types of stimulation also elicit NO release in the gracile nucleus,which contributes to the somatosensory signal transduction of PSCP through the dorsal medulla-thalamic pathways.Other substances such as serotonin and catecholamines are proposed to mediate responses and certain effects of acupuncture-like stimulation but their mechanisms are poorly-understood.In this review we summarize the current understanding of the neurobiological processes of PSCP research with an emphasis on recent developments of NO mediating stimulation-evoked axon reflexes and somatosensory signal transduction for PSCP perceptions through the dorsal medulla-thalamic pathways.展开更多
Climate change threatens cocoa quality, raising concerns regarding sustainable premium cocoa production. Evaluating the effectiveness of certification standards is imperative to address this concern effectively. A mul...Climate change threatens cocoa quality, raising concerns regarding sustainable premium cocoa production. Evaluating the effectiveness of certification standards is imperative to address this concern effectively. A multi-stage method was employed for a systematic review of 39 peer-reviewed articles to highlight the impacts of climate change on the biophysical environment of cocoa and its implications for adapting Geographical Indications (GIs). Additionally, a comprehensive review was conducted on climate-relevant standards of certificates in Ecuador, Indonesia, and Ghana. The findings of this study provide practical insights into possible difficulties that cocoa-producing countries may encounter in maintaining the distinctive flavours and quality trademarks of cocoa in the face of changing climate. Moreover, the findings emphasize the need for producer countries to prioritize viable adaptation and product differentiation strategies that meet sustainable marketing standards to protect GIs or place-based intellectual property. Furthermore, the findings indicate certificates require effective multi-level climate change management and environmental-social-governance principles that promote scientifically proven mitigation strategies, such as increasing soil organic carbon, zero deforestation, and reducing emissions while striving to leverage local adaptation policies to reduce location-specific vulnerability. Finally, certificates can accelerate the expansion, intensification, and redistribution of sustainable production for gains that outweigh the inconveniences caused by climate change.展开更多
The common acupoints and meridians for gynecology as well as their biophysical characteristics were summarized,the importance of biophysical characteristics for common meridians and acupoints were pointed out,some new...The common acupoints and meridians for gynecology as well as their biophysical characteristics were summarized,the importance of biophysical characteristics for common meridians and acupoints were pointed out,some new research fields for fundamental study on common acupoints in gynecology were put forward,such as proteomics,genomics,transcriptomics,and other fields,and further evidence support for large-sample randomized controlled trials were appealed.展开更多
In recent years, new progresses have been achieved on biophysical characteristics of moxibustion. Researches aimed at elucidating the mechanism of moxibustion therapy from the view of biophysics showed that the effect...In recent years, new progresses have been achieved on biophysical characteristics of moxibustion. Researches aimed at elucidating the mechanism of moxibustion therapy from the view of biophysics showed that the effectiveness of moxibustion is not only the result of thermal effect, but also the joint function of spectral radiation, bio-thermal effect and non-thermal bio-effect. Currently, multidiscipline techniques are applied on the related researches which have aroused extensive concern. It may explore new ideas and methods for further expounding of mechanism of moxibustion therapy. And it is also expected to provide experimental evidence for enhancing the therapeutic effect in clinic as well as designing moxibustion-like instruments. Therefore, the article has a comprehensive statement on subjects such as moxibustion and local body temperature, infrared spectrum characteristics of moxibustion, bio-thermal effect and energy conversion of moxibustion, bio-heat transfer of moxibustion and microcirculation.展开更多
Stochastic characterization of radiation interaction is of importance to cell damage. Microdosimetry is to investi- gate the random structures of particle tracks in order to understand the dose-effect in cellular scal...Stochastic characterization of radiation interaction is of importance to cell damage. Microdosimetry is to investi- gate the random structures of particle tracks in order to understand the dose-effect in cellular scales. In the review, we introduced the basic concepts of microdosimetry as well as the experimental methods （TEPC） and Monte Carlo simula- tions. Three basic biophysical models are interpreted and compared, including the target model, linear-quadratic model, and microdosimetric-kinetic model. The bottlenecks in the current microdosimetry research are also discussed, which need the interdisciplinary contributions from biology, physics, mathematics, computer science and electric engineering.展开更多
文摘Over the last ten years artificial intelligence(AI)methods have begun to pervade even the most common everyday tasks such as email filtering and mobile banking.While the necessary quality and safety standards may have understandably slowed the introduction of AI to healthcare when compared with other industries,we are now beginning to see AI methods becoming more available to the clinician in select settings.In this paper we discuss current AI methods as they pertain to gastrointestinal procedures including both gastroenterology and gastrointestinal surgery.The current state of the art for polyp detection in gastroenterology is explored with a particular focus on deep leaning,its strengths,as well as some of the factors that may limit its application to the field of surgery.The use of biophysics(utilizing physics to study and explain biological phenomena)in combination with more traditional machine learning is also discussed and proposed as an alternative approach that may solve some of the challenges associated with deep learning.Past and present uses of biophysics inspired AI methods,such as the use of fluorescence guided surgery to aid in the characterization of colorectal lesions,are used to illustrate the role biophysicsinspired AI can play in the exciting future of the gastrointestinal proceduralist.
文摘IMP has established an industrial chain based on circular economy to develop various biological products and nice feed for cattle since 2010. So far, the planting scale of sweet sorghum has been nearly to 1 million Chinese mu in Gansu Province. According to developmental plan of sweet sorghum industrialization in local government, sweet sorghum will be planted to 5 million mu in Gansu Province in 2020, forming the circular economy industrial chain valued as hundred billion yuan. In 2015, IMP received an award named Innovation Award of Industry University Research Cooperation in China for their promoted progress of Sweet sorghum industrial chain.
文摘Bei Shizhang is known as a biologist in China. After returning from study abroad, he overrode all objections, established the Institute of Biophysics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in July 1958 and strongly advocated for the establishment of the Department of Biophysics at the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC) in September 1958. He planned and prepared for the establishment of the department from the very beginning. In determining various operational aspects, such as enrolment planning, teacher arrangements, teaching plans and teaching objectives, he endeavoured to change the traditional model of biology education by focusing on the basic knowledge of physics and chemistry and emphasizing the concept that education was in the service of the political and military needs of the country. With these principles, he trained a large number of outstanding talents in the field of biophysics. Using material from the USTC archives and from recorded interviews, this paper describes the process of establishing the Department of Biophysics at USTC and the important role played by Bei Shizhang.
文摘We are pleased to present the third issue of JIOHS,which focuses on optical technologies of diagnosticsand therapy,These are selected papers presented during Saratov Fall Meeting,1t International Sym-posium on Optics and Biophotonics(September 24-28,2013,Saratov,Russia)in the framework of the Workshops:"Optical Technologies in Biophysics_and Medicine,"Nanobiophotonics,"and"Internet Biophotonics."
文摘Biophysics as an immense spectrum comprehended by one of the most commonly applied borderland mental process embracing from the nature,through living systems up to spiritual processes brings it along inevitable that the reader will join issue here and there with the deductions of this book but in actual fact it was just one of the goals of this work.To get hold of the biophysical view is not an easy task,because it applies mathematical apparatus to biological systems;on the other hand as a reward it guides to fascinating results,recognizing theoretically which conformity of rules are valid on principle in the Universe in the inanimate-living-spiritual triple system from the lowest to the highest organizational level.In this way one can make up the reader’s claim to consider systematically those problems arising from the various fields of science and life in the countless variety of interrelations and in their very different consequences.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant number 2023YFA1608200)the National Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 1925304 and 12204547)the XPLORER PRIZE.
文摘This paper reviews recent developments and key advances in terahertz(THz)science,technology,and applications,focusing on 3 core areas:astronomy,telecommunications,and biophysics.In THz astronomy,it highlights major discoveries and ongoing projects,emphasizing the role of advanced superconducting technologies,including superconductor–insulator–superconductor(SIS)mixers,hot electron boundedness spectroscopy(HEB),transition-edge sensors(TESs),and kinetic inductance detectors(KIDs),while exploring prospects in the field.For THz telecommunication,it discusses progress in solid-state sources,new communication technologies operating within the THz band,and diverse modulation methods that enhance transmission capabilities.In THz biophysics,the focus shifts to the physical modulation of THz waves and their impact across biological systems,from whole organisms to cellular and molecular levels,emphasizing nonthermal effects and fundamental mechanisms.This review concludes with an analysis of the challenges and perspectives shaping the future of THz technology.
基金supported by grants from the Special Foundation of President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.,YZJJ2020QN27,YZJJ2021QN33)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.,2108085MC79).
文摘HCLS1-associated protein X-1(HAX1)is a multifunctional mitochondrial protein involved in the regulation of apoptosis,a crucial process of programmed cell death,and mRNA processing.Despite its significance,limited structural data is available for HAX1,hindering a comprehensive understanding of its biological function.Notably,the caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit B(CLPB)has been identified as an interacting partner of HAX1,yet the biophysical properties and binding affinity governing their interaction remain poorly defined.In this study,we present a thorough biophysical characterization of full-length human HAX1 and CLPB,accomplished through recombinant expression and purification.By employing size exclusion chromatography,dynamic light scattering,and circular dichroism spectroscopy,we successfully established their biophysical properties,revealing contrasting structural features,with CLPB displaying a-helical content and HAX1 exhibiting a disordered nature.Moreover,we employed solutionstate nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy to probe their binding affinity.Our findings demonstrate the formation of stable multimeric complexes between HAX1 and CLPB,and we quantified a dissociation constant in the low range of micro-molar for their high affinity interaction.These results lay the foundation for further in-depth investigations into the dynamics and energetics governing the HAX1-CLPB interaction,ultimately contributing to a comprehensive understanding of their functional mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42305041)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China (Grant No.2020CFB331)supported by the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project “Earth System Numerical Simulation Facility” (Earth Lab)。
文摘Global deforestation has been recognized as an important factor influencing climate change over the past century.However, uncertainties remain regarding its biophysical impacts on temperature across China. Utilizing monthly data from eight global climate models of the Land Use Model Intercomparison Project, a multimodel comparison was conducted to quantitatively analyze the biophysical impacts of global deforestation on near-surface air temperature in China, using a surface energy balance decomposition method. Results show a 38%(29% to 45%) reduction in forest cover in China(ensemble mean and range across eight models) relative to pre-industrial levels, and an annual cooling of 0.6 K(0.05 to1.4 K) accompanied by global deforestation. Notably, surface albedo causes a cooling effect of 0.6 K(0.2 to 2.0 K), while surface latent and sensible heat fluxes partially offset this cooling by 0.2 K(-0.2 to 0.5 K) and 0.2 K(-0.04 to 0.6 K),respectively. These effects are more pronounced in winter and spring in deforested regions. Furthermore, the separation of atmospheric feedbacks under clear-sky and cloudy conditions show that the cloud radiative effect only accounts for 0.1 K(-0.1 to 0.4 K), while the clear-sky surface downward radiation is a significant cooling factor, contributing up to-0.5 K(-1.2 to 0.004 K), particularly in summer. However, the consistency of these models in simulating the impact of surface latent heat flux and albedo on surface temperature in China in response to deforestation is somewhat poor, highlighting the need to improve these related processes.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023 YFF 0805500)the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(No.SML 2023 SP 219)supported by the High Performance Computing Division and HPC managers of Wei ZHOU and Dandan SUI in the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology。
文摘Marine fisheries catches have significant economic,social,and cultural importance for coastal communities and nations worldwide.In addition to overfishing and predation,oceanic conditions linked to climate variability profoundly affect catches of oceanic fish species.Based on the fishery data from the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)of the United Nations and multiple physical and biogeochemical datasets,we examined the correlation between major modes of climate variability at high and low frequency and multiple key fish species in five major fishing grounds worldwide.The results reveal that over 80%of selected key fish species have declined over the past five decades,with more than 50%transitioning from an increasing to a decreasing trend in the 1990 s.Additionally,over 80%of fish species directly correlate with low-frequency climate indices,including Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO),Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation(AMO)and tropical southern Atlantic(TSA).However,less than 40%of fish species exhibit a direct association with high-frequency climate indices of El Niño Southern Oscillation(ENSO),North Atlantic Ocean(NAO),and Atlantic Niño(ATL 3).Synthetic analysis on the Sea Surface Temperature(SST),Mixed Layer Depth(MLD)and chlorophyll a revealed that shifts in the low-frequency climate can directly affect the habitats of numerous fish species,and subsequently influence their fishing yields.Specially,negative SST anomalies and positive chlorophyll-a anomalies were observed during a positive phase of PDO in the central and western Pacific regions,resulting in an increased catch values of Alaska pollock,Pacific sardine,and Chilean jack mackerel.Similar changes occur in positive and negative phases of other low frequency indices.Our research offered a comprehensive perspective on oceanic fish catch responses to climate change,serving as a guide for formulating effective management strategies for marine fish resources.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2401503)Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(No.23YFFA0010)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.23JRRA625)Special Project of Science and Technology Cooperation between Hubei Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.42000021817T300000050)。
文摘DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs)may result in cellular mutations,apoptosis,and cell death,making them critical determinants of cellular survival and functionality,as well as major mechanisms underlying cell death.The success of nanodosimetry lies in the reduction in the number of modeling parameters to be adjusted for the model to predict experimental data on radiation biology.Based on this background,this study modified and simplified the logistic nanodosimetry model(LNDM)based on radiation-induced DSB probability.The probability distribution of ionization cluster size P(v|Q)under irradiation with carbon-ion beams was obtained through a track-structure Monte Carlo(MC)simulation,and then,the nanodosimetric quantities and DSB probability were calculated.Combining the assumptions of the linear quadratic(LQ)model and LNDM,DSB probability-based modification and simplification of the LNDM were conducted.Additionally,based on the radiobiological experimental data of human salivary gland(HSG),Chinese hamster lung(V79),and Chinese hamster ovary(CHO-K1)cells,the least-squares method was used to optimize the parameters of the modified LNDM(mLNDM).The mLNDM accurately reproduced the experimental data of HSG,V79,and CHO-K1 cells,and the results showed that the model parameters r and m_(0) were independent of the cell type,that is,the biological effects of cells with different radiosensitivities can be characterized by adjusting only the model parameters k and P_(s→l).Compared with HSG and CHO-K1 cells,V79 cells had smaller k and P_(s→l)values,indicating that that DSBs have a lower probability of eventually causing lethal damage,and sublethal events are less likely to interact to form lethal events,thereby having radioresistant characteristics.Compared with the LNDM,the mLNDM eliminates the tedious derivation process and connects the quantities characterizing radiation quality at the nanoscale level using radiation biological effects in a more direct and easy-to-understand manner,thus providing a simpler and more accurate method for calculating relative biological effectiveness for ion-beam treatment planning.
文摘At the beginning of the 20^(th)century,German scientist Richard Semon introduced the term'engram'to describe the neural substrate implicated in the processes of memory formation and retrieval[1].The trace of the corresponding biophysical and biochemical changes in the brain responding to an external stimulus is called an engram,and understanding the physical manifestations of memory formation and recall remains a fundamental yet unresolved question[2].
基金supported by the Strategic Pri-ority Research Program(A)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA28080503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42071025)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Associa-tion of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2023240)the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory which is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-A06-76RLO 1830.
文摘Phenology shifts influence regional climate by altering energy,and water fluxes through biophysical processes.However,a quantitative understanding of the phenological control on vegetation’s biophysical feedbacks to re gional climate remains elusive.Using long-term remote sensing observations and Weather Research and Fore casting(WRF)model simulations,we investigated vegetation phenology changes from 2003 to 2020 and quan tified their biophysical controls on the regional climate in Northeast China.Our findings elucidated that earlier green-up contributed to a prolonged growing season in forests,while advanced green-up and delayed dormancy extended the growing season in croplands.This prolonged presence and increased maximum green cover in tensified climate-vegetation interactions,resulting in more significant surface cooling in croplands compared to forests.Surface cooling from forest phenology changes was prominent during May’s green-up(-0.53±0.07°C),while crop phenology changes induced cooling throughout the growing season,particularly in June(-0.47±0.15°C),July(-0.48±0.11°C),and September(-0.28±0.09°C).Furthermore,we unraveled the contributions of different biophysical pathways to temperature feedback using a two-resistance attribution model,with aero dynamic resistance emerging as the dominant factor.Crucially,our findings underscored that the land surface temperature(LST)sensitivity,exhibited substantially higher values in croplands rather than temperate forests.These strong sensitivities,coupled with the projected continuation of phenology shifts,portend further growing season cooling in croplands.These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the intricate feedback mechanisms between vegetation phenology and surface temperature,emphasizing the significance of vegetation phenology dynamics in shaping regional climate pattern and seasonality.
文摘Editor-in-Chief:Peng Li Academician,Chinese Academy of Sciences Academician,The World Academy of Sciences President,Zhengzhou University Director,Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences Professor,Tsinghua University Vice President,Chinese Biophysical Society President,Chinese Biophysical Society Metabolic Biology Division Advisory Board Member.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2019YFA0607202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42021004 and 42005143)+2 种基金support by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. KYCX21_0978)support by the Open Research Fund Program of the Key Laboratory of Urban Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. LUM-2023-12)the 333 Project of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BRA2022023)
文摘Few studies have investigated the spatial patterns of the air temperature urban heat island(AUHI)and its controlling factors.In this study,the data generated by an urban climate model were used to investigate the spatial variations of the AUHI across China and the underlying climate and ecological drivers.A total of 355 urban clusters were used.We performed an attribution analysis of the AUHI to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its formation.The results show that the midday AUHI is negatively correlated with climate wetness(humid:0.34 K;semi-humid:0.50 K;semi-arid:0.73 K).The annual mean midnight AUHI does not show discernible spatial patterns,but is generally stronger than the midday AUHI.The urban–rural difference in convection efficiency is the largest contributor to the midday AUHI in the humid(0.32±0.09 K)and the semi-arid(0.36±0.11 K)climate zones.The release of anthropogenic heat from urban land is the dominant contributor to the midnight AUHI in all three climate zones.The rural vegetation density is the most important driver of the daytime and nighttime AUHI spatial variations.A spatial covariance analysis revealed that this vegetation influence is manifested mainly through its regulation of heat storage in rural land.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project of Anhui Province(2022AH050873)the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture(SKLSS-KF2023-08)+1 种基金the Provincial Natural Resources Fund(1908085QC140)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1000600).
文摘The effect of evolutionary history on wood density variation may play an important role in shaping variation in wood density,but this has largely not been tested.Using a comprehensive global dataset including 27,297 measurements of wood density from 2621 tree species worldwide,we test the hypothesis that the legacy of evolutionary history plays an important role in driving the variation of wood density among tree species.We assessed phylogenetic signal in different taxonomic(e.g.,angiosperms and gymnosperms)and ecological(e.g.,tropical,temperate,and boreal)groups of tree species,explored the biogeographical and phylogenetic patterns of wood density,and quantified the relative importance of current environmental factors(e.g.,climatic and soil variables)and evolutionary history(i.e.,phylogenetic relatedness among species and lineages)in driving global wood density variation.We found that wood density displayed a significant phylogenetic signal.Wood density differed among different biomes and climatic zones,with higher mean values of wood density in relatively drier regions(highest in subtropical desert).Our study revealed that at a global scale,for angiosperms and gymnosperms combined,phylogeny and species(representing the variance explained by taxonomy and not direct explained by long-term evolution process)explained 84.3%and 7.7%of total wood density variation,respectively,whereas current environment explained 2.7%of total wood density variation when phylogeny and species were taken into account.When angiosperms and gymnosperms were considered separately,the three proportions of explained variation are,respectively,84.2%,7.5%and 6.7%for angiosperms,and 45.7%,21.3%and 18.6%for gymnosperms.Our study shows that evolutionary history outpaced current environmental factors in shaping global variation in wood density.
基金possible by National Institutes of Health Grant(No.AT002478,AT004620,and AT004504)from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Medicine.
文摘Numerous studies from different international groups have demonstrated that sensations can be propagated along acupuncture channel pathways.The propagated sensation along the channel pathway(PSCP)can be elicited by electroacupuncture(EA),transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS),manual acupuncture(MA),and heat applied to distal acupuncture points(acupoints).Nitric oxide(NO)levels were reported to be elevated in the gracile nucleus and skin regions near to the EA sites,with higher levels at acupoints associated with an enhanced expression of NO synthase and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1.The stimuli,EA,MA,TENS,and heat,have been used to elicit axonal reflexes,which increase local release of NO and neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene related peptide.Furthermore,the sensation of PSCP along the body surface occurs only ipsilaterally to the stimulated acupoints in various human studies,which does not support the involvement of the spinal-thalamic pathway,which would involve cross over transmission of the signals.The gracile nucleus receives ascending input from the sciatic nerve and responds to somatosensory stimulation mainly on the ipsilateral side via the dorsal column pathway.EA at Zusanli(ST36)increases NO release and expression of NO synthase mainly in the ipsilateral side of the gracile nucleus,while the cardiovascular effects and analgesic responses to EA at ST36 are changed by influences of l-arginine-derived NO synthesis in the ipsilateral gracile nucleus in rats.The stimuli-induced release of NOergic molecules and neuropeptides exist high levels in the acupoints,which contain rich neuronal components and blood vessels.Enhanced NOergic molecules at acupoints cause axon reflexes during the stimuli,which elevate cutaneous blood flow.Elevated NOergic molecules and local blood flow may spread over acupoints one after another along the meridian lines differing from nerve pathways following the stimuli to induce PSCP.The same types of stimulation also elicit NO release in the gracile nucleus,which contributes to the somatosensory signal transduction of PSCP through the dorsal medulla-thalamic pathways.Other substances such as serotonin and catecholamines are proposed to mediate responses and certain effects of acupuncture-like stimulation but their mechanisms are poorly-understood.In this review we summarize the current understanding of the neurobiological processes of PSCP research with an emphasis on recent developments of NO mediating stimulation-evoked axon reflexes and somatosensory signal transduction for PSCP perceptions through the dorsal medulla-thalamic pathways.
文摘Climate change threatens cocoa quality, raising concerns regarding sustainable premium cocoa production. Evaluating the effectiveness of certification standards is imperative to address this concern effectively. A multi-stage method was employed for a systematic review of 39 peer-reviewed articles to highlight the impacts of climate change on the biophysical environment of cocoa and its implications for adapting Geographical Indications (GIs). Additionally, a comprehensive review was conducted on climate-relevant standards of certificates in Ecuador, Indonesia, and Ghana. The findings of this study provide practical insights into possible difficulties that cocoa-producing countries may encounter in maintaining the distinctive flavours and quality trademarks of cocoa in the face of changing climate. Moreover, the findings emphasize the need for producer countries to prioritize viable adaptation and product differentiation strategies that meet sustainable marketing standards to protect GIs or place-based intellectual property. Furthermore, the findings indicate certificates require effective multi-level climate change management and environmental-social-governance principles that promote scientifically proven mitigation strategies, such as increasing soil organic carbon, zero deforestation, and reducing emissions while striving to leverage local adaptation policies to reduce location-specific vulnerability. Finally, certificates can accelerate the expansion, intensification, and redistribution of sustainable production for gains that outweigh the inconveniences caused by climate change.
文摘The common acupoints and meridians for gynecology as well as their biophysical characteristics were summarized,the importance of biophysical characteristics for common meridians and acupoints were pointed out,some new research fields for fundamental study on common acupoints in gynecology were put forward,such as proteomics,genomics,transcriptomics,and other fields,and further evidence support for large-sample randomized controlled trials were appealed.
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program):2005 CB 523306Knowledge Innovation Project of Shanghai Colleges and Universities:2008 GJ 2653
文摘In recent years, new progresses have been achieved on biophysical characteristics of moxibustion. Researches aimed at elucidating the mechanism of moxibustion therapy from the view of biophysics showed that the effectiveness of moxibustion is not only the result of thermal effect, but also the joint function of spectral radiation, bio-thermal effect and non-thermal bio-effect. Currently, multidiscipline techniques are applied on the related researches which have aroused extensive concern. It may explore new ideas and methods for further expounding of mechanism of moxibustion therapy. And it is also expected to provide experimental evidence for enhancing the therapeutic effect in clinic as well as designing moxibustion-like instruments. Therefore, the article has a comprehensive statement on subjects such as moxibustion and local body temperature, infrared spectrum characteristics of moxibustion, bio-thermal effect and energy conversion of moxibustion, bio-heat transfer of moxibustion and microcirculation.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11304212 and 11575124)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant Nos.BK20130279)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER)Special Program of China(Grant No.2014GB112006)
文摘Stochastic characterization of radiation interaction is of importance to cell damage. Microdosimetry is to investi- gate the random structures of particle tracks in order to understand the dose-effect in cellular scales. In the review, we introduced the basic concepts of microdosimetry as well as the experimental methods （TEPC） and Monte Carlo simula- tions. Three basic biophysical models are interpreted and compared, including the target model, linear-quadratic model, and microdosimetric-kinetic model. The bottlenecks in the current microdosimetry research are also discussed, which need the interdisciplinary contributions from biology, physics, mathematics, computer science and electric engineering.
