Over the last ten years artificial intelligence(AI)methods have begun to pervade even the most common everyday tasks such as email filtering and mobile banking.While the necessary quality and safety standards may have...Over the last ten years artificial intelligence(AI)methods have begun to pervade even the most common everyday tasks such as email filtering and mobile banking.While the necessary quality and safety standards may have understandably slowed the introduction of AI to healthcare when compared with other industries,we are now beginning to see AI methods becoming more available to the clinician in select settings.In this paper we discuss current AI methods as they pertain to gastrointestinal procedures including both gastroenterology and gastrointestinal surgery.The current state of the art for polyp detection in gastroenterology is explored with a particular focus on deep leaning,its strengths,as well as some of the factors that may limit its application to the field of surgery.The use of biophysics(utilizing physics to study and explain biological phenomena)in combination with more traditional machine learning is also discussed and proposed as an alternative approach that may solve some of the challenges associated with deep learning.Past and present uses of biophysics inspired AI methods,such as the use of fluorescence guided surgery to aid in the characterization of colorectal lesions,are used to illustrate the role biophysicsinspired AI can play in the exciting future of the gastrointestinal proceduralist.展开更多
IMP has established an industrial chain based on circular economy to develop various biological products and nice feed for cattle since 2010. So far, the planting scale of sweet sorghum has been nearly to 1 million Ch...IMP has established an industrial chain based on circular economy to develop various biological products and nice feed for cattle since 2010. So far, the planting scale of sweet sorghum has been nearly to 1 million Chinese mu in Gansu Province. According to developmental plan of sweet sorghum industrialization in local government, sweet sorghum will be planted to 5 million mu in Gansu Province in 2020, forming the circular economy industrial chain valued as hundred billion yuan. In 2015, IMP received an award named Innovation Award of Industry University Research Cooperation in China for their promoted progress of Sweet sorghum industrial chain.展开更多
We are pleased to present the third issue of JIOHS,which focuses on optical technologies of diagnosticsand therapy,These are selected papers presented during Saratov Fall Meeting,1t International Sym-posium on Optics ...We are pleased to present the third issue of JIOHS,which focuses on optical technologies of diagnosticsand therapy,These are selected papers presented during Saratov Fall Meeting,1t International Sym-posium on Optics and Biophotonics(September 24-28,2013,Saratov,Russia)in the framework of the Workshops:"Optical Technologies in Biophysics_and Medicine,"Nanobiophotonics,"and"Internet Biophotonics."展开更多
Biophysics as an immense spectrum comprehended by one of the most commonly applied borderland mental process embracing from the nature,through living systems up to spiritual processes brings it along inevitable that t...Biophysics as an immense spectrum comprehended by one of the most commonly applied borderland mental process embracing from the nature,through living systems up to spiritual processes brings it along inevitable that the reader will join issue here and there with the deductions of this book but in actual fact it was just one of the goals of this work.To get hold of the biophysical view is not an easy task,because it applies mathematical apparatus to biological systems;on the other hand as a reward it guides to fascinating results,recognizing theoretically which conformity of rules are valid on principle in the Universe in the inanimate-living-spiritual triple system from the lowest to the highest organizational level.In this way one can make up the reader’s claim to consider systematically those problems arising from the various fields of science and life in the countless variety of interrelations and in their very different consequences.展开更多
This paper reviews recent developments and key advances in terahertz(THz)science,technology,and applications,focusing on 3 core areas:astronomy,telecommunications,and biophysics.In THz astronomy,it highlights major di...This paper reviews recent developments and key advances in terahertz(THz)science,technology,and applications,focusing on 3 core areas:astronomy,telecommunications,and biophysics.In THz astronomy,it highlights major discoveries and ongoing projects,emphasizing the role of advanced superconducting technologies,including superconductor–insulator–superconductor(SIS)mixers,hot electron boundedness spectroscopy(HEB),transition-edge sensors(TESs),and kinetic inductance detectors(KIDs),while exploring prospects in the field.For THz telecommunication,it discusses progress in solid-state sources,new communication technologies operating within the THz band,and diverse modulation methods that enhance transmission capabilities.In THz biophysics,the focus shifts to the physical modulation of THz waves and their impact across biological systems,from whole organisms to cellular and molecular levels,emphasizing nonthermal effects and fundamental mechanisms.This review concludes with an analysis of the challenges and perspectives shaping the future of THz technology.展开更多
Bei Shizhang is known as a biologist in China. After returning from study abroad, he overrode all objections, established the Institute of Biophysics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in July 1958 and strongly advoca...Bei Shizhang is known as a biologist in China. After returning from study abroad, he overrode all objections, established the Institute of Biophysics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in July 1958 and strongly advocated for the establishment of the Department of Biophysics at the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC) in September 1958. He planned and prepared for the establishment of the department from the very beginning. In determining various operational aspects, such as enrolment planning, teacher arrangements, teaching plans and teaching objectives, he endeavoured to change the traditional model of biology education by focusing on the basic knowledge of physics and chemistry and emphasizing the concept that education was in the service of the political and military needs of the country. With these principles, he trained a large number of outstanding talents in the field of biophysics. Using material from the USTC archives and from recorded interviews, this paper describes the process of establishing the Department of Biophysics at USTC and the important role played by Bei Shizhang.展开更多
HCLS1-associated protein X-1(HAX1)is a multifunctional mitochondrial protein involved in the regulation of apoptosis,a crucial process of programmed cell death,and mRNA processing.Despite its significance,limited stru...HCLS1-associated protein X-1(HAX1)is a multifunctional mitochondrial protein involved in the regulation of apoptosis,a crucial process of programmed cell death,and mRNA processing.Despite its significance,limited structural data is available for HAX1,hindering a comprehensive understanding of its biological function.Notably,the caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit B(CLPB)has been identified as an interacting partner of HAX1,yet the biophysical properties and binding affinity governing their interaction remain poorly defined.In this study,we present a thorough biophysical characterization of full-length human HAX1 and CLPB,accomplished through recombinant expression and purification.By employing size exclusion chromatography,dynamic light scattering,and circular dichroism spectroscopy,we successfully established their biophysical properties,revealing contrasting structural features,with CLPB displaying a-helical content and HAX1 exhibiting a disordered nature.Moreover,we employed solutionstate nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy to probe their binding affinity.Our findings demonstrate the formation of stable multimeric complexes between HAX1 and CLPB,and we quantified a dissociation constant in the low range of micro-molar for their high affinity interaction.These results lay the foundation for further in-depth investigations into the dynamics and energetics governing the HAX1-CLPB interaction,ultimately contributing to a comprehensive understanding of their functional mechanisms.展开更多
Global deforestation has been recognized as an important factor influencing climate change over the past century.However, uncertainties remain regarding its biophysical impacts on temperature across China. Utilizing m...Global deforestation has been recognized as an important factor influencing climate change over the past century.However, uncertainties remain regarding its biophysical impacts on temperature across China. Utilizing monthly data from eight global climate models of the Land Use Model Intercomparison Project, a multimodel comparison was conducted to quantitatively analyze the biophysical impacts of global deforestation on near-surface air temperature in China, using a surface energy balance decomposition method. Results show a 38%(29% to 45%) reduction in forest cover in China(ensemble mean and range across eight models) relative to pre-industrial levels, and an annual cooling of 0.6 K(0.05 to1.4 K) accompanied by global deforestation. Notably, surface albedo causes a cooling effect of 0.6 K(0.2 to 2.0 K), while surface latent and sensible heat fluxes partially offset this cooling by 0.2 K(-0.2 to 0.5 K) and 0.2 K(-0.04 to 0.6 K),respectively. These effects are more pronounced in winter and spring in deforested regions. Furthermore, the separation of atmospheric feedbacks under clear-sky and cloudy conditions show that the cloud radiative effect only accounts for 0.1 K(-0.1 to 0.4 K), while the clear-sky surface downward radiation is a significant cooling factor, contributing up to-0.5 K(-1.2 to 0.004 K), particularly in summer. However, the consistency of these models in simulating the impact of surface latent heat flux and albedo on surface temperature in China in response to deforestation is somewhat poor, highlighting the need to improve these related processes.展开更多
Marine fisheries catches have significant economic,social,and cultural importance for coastal communities and nations worldwide.In addition to overfishing and predation,oceanic conditions linked to climate variability...Marine fisheries catches have significant economic,social,and cultural importance for coastal communities and nations worldwide.In addition to overfishing and predation,oceanic conditions linked to climate variability profoundly affect catches of oceanic fish species.Based on the fishery data from the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)of the United Nations and multiple physical and biogeochemical datasets,we examined the correlation between major modes of climate variability at high and low frequency and multiple key fish species in five major fishing grounds worldwide.The results reveal that over 80%of selected key fish species have declined over the past five decades,with more than 50%transitioning from an increasing to a decreasing trend in the 1990 s.Additionally,over 80%of fish species directly correlate with low-frequency climate indices,including Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO),Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation(AMO)and tropical southern Atlantic(TSA).However,less than 40%of fish species exhibit a direct association with high-frequency climate indices of El Niño Southern Oscillation(ENSO),North Atlantic Ocean(NAO),and Atlantic Niño(ATL 3).Synthetic analysis on the Sea Surface Temperature(SST),Mixed Layer Depth(MLD)and chlorophyll a revealed that shifts in the low-frequency climate can directly affect the habitats of numerous fish species,and subsequently influence their fishing yields.Specially,negative SST anomalies and positive chlorophyll-a anomalies were observed during a positive phase of PDO in the central and western Pacific regions,resulting in an increased catch values of Alaska pollock,Pacific sardine,and Chilean jack mackerel.Similar changes occur in positive and negative phases of other low frequency indices.Our research offered a comprehensive perspective on oceanic fish catch responses to climate change,serving as a guide for formulating effective management strategies for marine fish resources.展开更多
DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs)may result in cellular mutations,apoptosis,and cell death,making them critical determinants of cellular survival and functionality,as well as major mechanisms underlying cell death.The su...DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs)may result in cellular mutations,apoptosis,and cell death,making them critical determinants of cellular survival and functionality,as well as major mechanisms underlying cell death.The success of nanodosimetry lies in the reduction in the number of modeling parameters to be adjusted for the model to predict experimental data on radiation biology.Based on this background,this study modified and simplified the logistic nanodosimetry model(LNDM)based on radiation-induced DSB probability.The probability distribution of ionization cluster size P(v|Q)under irradiation with carbon-ion beams was obtained through a track-structure Monte Carlo(MC)simulation,and then,the nanodosimetric quantities and DSB probability were calculated.Combining the assumptions of the linear quadratic(LQ)model and LNDM,DSB probability-based modification and simplification of the LNDM were conducted.Additionally,based on the radiobiological experimental data of human salivary gland(HSG),Chinese hamster lung(V79),and Chinese hamster ovary(CHO-K1)cells,the least-squares method was used to optimize the parameters of the modified LNDM(mLNDM).The mLNDM accurately reproduced the experimental data of HSG,V79,and CHO-K1 cells,and the results showed that the model parameters r and m_(0) were independent of the cell type,that is,the biological effects of cells with different radiosensitivities can be characterized by adjusting only the model parameters k and P_(s→l).Compared with HSG and CHO-K1 cells,V79 cells had smaller k and P_(s→l)values,indicating that that DSBs have a lower probability of eventually causing lethal damage,and sublethal events are less likely to interact to form lethal events,thereby having radioresistant characteristics.Compared with the LNDM,the mLNDM eliminates the tedious derivation process and connects the quantities characterizing radiation quality at the nanoscale level using radiation biological effects in a more direct and easy-to-understand manner,thus providing a simpler and more accurate method for calculating relative biological effectiveness for ion-beam treatment planning.展开更多
At the beginning of the 20^(th)century,German scientist Richard Semon introduced the term'engram'to describe the neural substrate implicated in the processes of memory formation and retrieval[1].The trace of t...At the beginning of the 20^(th)century,German scientist Richard Semon introduced the term'engram'to describe the neural substrate implicated in the processes of memory formation and retrieval[1].The trace of the corresponding biophysical and biochemical changes in the brain responding to an external stimulus is called an engram,and understanding the physical manifestations of memory formation and recall remains a fundamental yet unresolved question[2].展开更多
Phenology shifts influence regional climate by altering energy,and water fluxes through biophysical processes.However,a quantitative understanding of the phenological control on vegetation’s biophysical feedbacks to ...Phenology shifts influence regional climate by altering energy,and water fluxes through biophysical processes.However,a quantitative understanding of the phenological control on vegetation’s biophysical feedbacks to re gional climate remains elusive.Using long-term remote sensing observations and Weather Research and Fore casting(WRF)model simulations,we investigated vegetation phenology changes from 2003 to 2020 and quan tified their biophysical controls on the regional climate in Northeast China.Our findings elucidated that earlier green-up contributed to a prolonged growing season in forests,while advanced green-up and delayed dormancy extended the growing season in croplands.This prolonged presence and increased maximum green cover in tensified climate-vegetation interactions,resulting in more significant surface cooling in croplands compared to forests.Surface cooling from forest phenology changes was prominent during May’s green-up(-0.53±0.07°C),while crop phenology changes induced cooling throughout the growing season,particularly in June(-0.47±0.15°C),July(-0.48±0.11°C),and September(-0.28±0.09°C).Furthermore,we unraveled the contributions of different biophysical pathways to temperature feedback using a two-resistance attribution model,with aero dynamic resistance emerging as the dominant factor.Crucially,our findings underscored that the land surface temperature(LST)sensitivity,exhibited substantially higher values in croplands rather than temperate forests.These strong sensitivities,coupled with the projected continuation of phenology shifts,portend further growing season cooling in croplands.These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the intricate feedback mechanisms between vegetation phenology and surface temperature,emphasizing the significance of vegetation phenology dynamics in shaping regional climate pattern and seasonality.展开更多
The common acupoints and meridians for gynecology as well as their biophysical characteristics were summarized,the importance of biophysical characteristics for common meridians and acupoints were pointed out,some new...The common acupoints and meridians for gynecology as well as their biophysical characteristics were summarized,the importance of biophysical characteristics for common meridians and acupoints were pointed out,some new research fields for fundamental study on common acupoints in gynecology were put forward,such as proteomics,genomics,transcriptomics,and other fields,and further evidence support for large-sample randomized controlled trials were appealed.展开更多
In recent years, new progresses have been achieved on biophysical characteristics of moxibustion. Researches aimed at elucidating the mechanism of moxibustion therapy from the view of biophysics showed that the effect...In recent years, new progresses have been achieved on biophysical characteristics of moxibustion. Researches aimed at elucidating the mechanism of moxibustion therapy from the view of biophysics showed that the effectiveness of moxibustion is not only the result of thermal effect, but also the joint function of spectral radiation, bio-thermal effect and non-thermal bio-effect. Currently, multidiscipline techniques are applied on the related researches which have aroused extensive concern. It may explore new ideas and methods for further expounding of mechanism of moxibustion therapy. And it is also expected to provide experimental evidence for enhancing the therapeutic effect in clinic as well as designing moxibustion-like instruments. Therefore, the article has a comprehensive statement on subjects such as moxibustion and local body temperature, infrared spectrum characteristics of moxibustion, bio-thermal effect and energy conversion of moxibustion, bio-heat transfer of moxibustion and microcirculation.展开更多
Stochastic characterization of radiation interaction is of importance to cell damage. Microdosimetry is to investi- gate the random structures of particle tracks in order to understand the dose-effect in cellular scal...Stochastic characterization of radiation interaction is of importance to cell damage. Microdosimetry is to investi- gate the random structures of particle tracks in order to understand the dose-effect in cellular scales. In the review, we introduced the basic concepts of microdosimetry as well as the experimental methods （TEPC） and Monte Carlo simula- tions. Three basic biophysical models are interpreted and compared, including the target model, linear-quadratic model, and microdosimetric-kinetic model. The bottlenecks in the current microdosimetry research are also discussed, which need the interdisciplinary contributions from biology, physics, mathematics, computer science and electric engineering.展开更多
The development of biopolymers for biomedical applications has traditionally been based on new chemistries.However,there is growing recognition that the biological responses can be regulated by the physical as well as...The development of biopolymers for biomedical applications has traditionally been based on new chemistries.However,there is growing recognition that the biological responses can be regulated by the physical as well as the chemical properties of biomaterials.Understanding the biophysicochemical principles regarding biopolymers is thereby of great importance in the generation of advanced biomaterials.Herein,this review article seeks to provide a conceptual framework demonstrating how the approaches of tailored computer simulations and theoretical analysis are harnessed to explore the physicochemical principles of biopolymer cellular interactions.We briefly introduce the theoretical and simulation methods used in this field,summarize the typical findings based on these approaches,and describe the correlations between theoretical results and experiments.Finally,the future prospects for the theoretical aspect of biopolymers and their biophysicochemical interactions are discussed.The knowledge might be critical from the perspective of advantageous and safe use of designer biomaterials.展开更多
Advances in machine learning,computer vision and artificial intelligence methods,in combination with those in processing and cloud computing capability,portend the advent of true decision support during interventions ...Advances in machine learning,computer vision and artificial intelligence methods,in combination with those in processing and cloud computing capability,portend the advent of true decision support during interventions in real-time and soon perhaps in automated surgical steps.Such capability,deployed alongside technology intraoperatively,is termed digital surgery and can be delivered without the need for high-end capital robotic investment.An area close to clinical usefulness right now harnesses advances in near infrared endolaparoscopy and fluorescence guidance for tissue characterisation through the use of biophysics-inspired algorithms.This represents a potential synergistic methodology for the deep learning methods currently advancing in ophthalmology,radiology,and recently gastroenterology via colonoscopy.As databanks of more general surgical videos are created,greater analytic insights can be derived across the operative spectrum of gastroenterological disease and operations(including instrumentation and operative step sequencing and recognition,followed over time by surgeon and instrument performance assessment)and linked to value-based outcomes.However,issues of legality,ethics and even morality need consideration,as do the limiting effects of monopolies,cartels and isolated data silos.Furthermore,the role of the surgeon,surgical societies and healthcare institutions in this evolving field needs active deliberation,as the default risks relegation to bystander or passive recipient.This editorial provides insight into this accelerating field by illuminating the nearfuture and next decade evolutionary steps towards widespread clinical integration for patient and societal benefit.展开更多
Human telomeric G-quadruplex plays a crucial role in regulating the genome stability. Despite extensive studies on structures and kinetics of monomeric G-quadruplex, the interaction between G-quadruplexes is still in ...Human telomeric G-quadruplex plays a crucial role in regulating the genome stability. Despite extensive studies on structures and kinetics of monomeric G-quadruplex, the interaction between G-quadruplexes is still in debate. In this work,we employ magnetic tweezers to investigate the folding and unfolding kinetics of two contiguous G-quadruplexes in 100-mM K~＋buffer. The interaction between G-quadruplexes and the consequent effect on the kinetics of G-quadruplex are revealed. The linker sequence between G-quadruplexes is further found to play an important role in the interaction between two G-quadruplexes. Our results provide a high-resolution insight into kinetics of multimeric G-quadruplexes and genome stability.展开更多
Cancer metastasis is still a major social issue with limited knowledge of the formation of tumors and their growth.In addition the formation of metastases is very difficult to understand,since it involves very complex...Cancer metastasis is still a major social issue with limited knowledge of the formation of tumors and their growth.In addition the formation of metastases is very difficult to understand,since it involves very complex physical mechanisms such as cellular interactions and cell rheology,which are flow-dependent.Previous studies investigated transendothelial migration using sophisticated techniques such as microfluidics,traction force microscopy(TFM)or Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM),combined with physical modeling.Here we summarize recent results and suggest new ways to investigate the precise mechanisms used by cancer cells to undergo transendothelial migration.展开更多
Elongation factor 4（EF4） is one of the highly conserved translational GTPases, whose functions are largely unknown. Structures of EF4 bound ribosomal PRE-translocation and POST-translocation complexes have both been...Elongation factor 4（EF4） is one of the highly conserved translational GTPases, whose functions are largely unknown. Structures of EF4 bound ribosomal PRE-translocation and POST-translocation complexes have both been visualized. On top of cellular, structural, and biochemical studies, several controversial models have been raised to rationalize functions of EF4. However, how EF4 modulates elongation through its interactions with ribosomes has not been revealed. Here, using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays, we directly captured short-lived EF4·GTP bound ribosomal PRE and POST translocation complexes, which may adopt slightly different conformations from structures prepared using GDP, GDPNP, or GDPCP. Furthermore, we revealed that EF4·GTP severely impairs delivery of aminoacyl-tRNA into the A-site of the ribosome and moderately accelerates translocation. We proposed that functions of EF4 are to slow overall elongation and to stall majority of ribosomes in POST states under stress conditions.展开更多
文摘Over the last ten years artificial intelligence(AI)methods have begun to pervade even the most common everyday tasks such as email filtering and mobile banking.While the necessary quality and safety standards may have understandably slowed the introduction of AI to healthcare when compared with other industries,we are now beginning to see AI methods becoming more available to the clinician in select settings.In this paper we discuss current AI methods as they pertain to gastrointestinal procedures including both gastroenterology and gastrointestinal surgery.The current state of the art for polyp detection in gastroenterology is explored with a particular focus on deep leaning,its strengths,as well as some of the factors that may limit its application to the field of surgery.The use of biophysics(utilizing physics to study and explain biological phenomena)in combination with more traditional machine learning is also discussed and proposed as an alternative approach that may solve some of the challenges associated with deep learning.Past and present uses of biophysics inspired AI methods,such as the use of fluorescence guided surgery to aid in the characterization of colorectal lesions,are used to illustrate the role biophysicsinspired AI can play in the exciting future of the gastrointestinal proceduralist.
文摘IMP has established an industrial chain based on circular economy to develop various biological products and nice feed for cattle since 2010. So far, the planting scale of sweet sorghum has been nearly to 1 million Chinese mu in Gansu Province. According to developmental plan of sweet sorghum industrialization in local government, sweet sorghum will be planted to 5 million mu in Gansu Province in 2020, forming the circular economy industrial chain valued as hundred billion yuan. In 2015, IMP received an award named Innovation Award of Industry University Research Cooperation in China for their promoted progress of Sweet sorghum industrial chain.
文摘We are pleased to present the third issue of JIOHS,which focuses on optical technologies of diagnosticsand therapy,These are selected papers presented during Saratov Fall Meeting,1t International Sym-posium on Optics and Biophotonics(September 24-28,2013,Saratov,Russia)in the framework of the Workshops:"Optical Technologies in Biophysics_and Medicine,"Nanobiophotonics,"and"Internet Biophotonics."
文摘Biophysics as an immense spectrum comprehended by one of the most commonly applied borderland mental process embracing from the nature,through living systems up to spiritual processes brings it along inevitable that the reader will join issue here and there with the deductions of this book but in actual fact it was just one of the goals of this work.To get hold of the biophysical view is not an easy task,because it applies mathematical apparatus to biological systems;on the other hand as a reward it guides to fascinating results,recognizing theoretically which conformity of rules are valid on principle in the Universe in the inanimate-living-spiritual triple system from the lowest to the highest organizational level.In this way one can make up the reader’s claim to consider systematically those problems arising from the various fields of science and life in the countless variety of interrelations and in their very different consequences.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant number 2023YFA1608200)the National Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 1925304 and 12204547)the XPLORER PRIZE.
文摘This paper reviews recent developments and key advances in terahertz(THz)science,technology,and applications,focusing on 3 core areas:astronomy,telecommunications,and biophysics.In THz astronomy,it highlights major discoveries and ongoing projects,emphasizing the role of advanced superconducting technologies,including superconductor–insulator–superconductor(SIS)mixers,hot electron boundedness spectroscopy(HEB),transition-edge sensors(TESs),and kinetic inductance detectors(KIDs),while exploring prospects in the field.For THz telecommunication,it discusses progress in solid-state sources,new communication technologies operating within the THz band,and diverse modulation methods that enhance transmission capabilities.In THz biophysics,the focus shifts to the physical modulation of THz waves and their impact across biological systems,from whole organisms to cellular and molecular levels,emphasizing nonthermal effects and fundamental mechanisms.This review concludes with an analysis of the challenges and perspectives shaping the future of THz technology.
文摘Bei Shizhang is known as a biologist in China. After returning from study abroad, he overrode all objections, established the Institute of Biophysics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in July 1958 and strongly advocated for the establishment of the Department of Biophysics at the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC) in September 1958. He planned and prepared for the establishment of the department from the very beginning. In determining various operational aspects, such as enrolment planning, teacher arrangements, teaching plans and teaching objectives, he endeavoured to change the traditional model of biology education by focusing on the basic knowledge of physics and chemistry and emphasizing the concept that education was in the service of the political and military needs of the country. With these principles, he trained a large number of outstanding talents in the field of biophysics. Using material from the USTC archives and from recorded interviews, this paper describes the process of establishing the Department of Biophysics at USTC and the important role played by Bei Shizhang.
基金supported by grants from the Special Foundation of President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.,YZJJ2020QN27,YZJJ2021QN33)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.,2108085MC79).
文摘HCLS1-associated protein X-1(HAX1)is a multifunctional mitochondrial protein involved in the regulation of apoptosis,a crucial process of programmed cell death,and mRNA processing.Despite its significance,limited structural data is available for HAX1,hindering a comprehensive understanding of its biological function.Notably,the caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit B(CLPB)has been identified as an interacting partner of HAX1,yet the biophysical properties and binding affinity governing their interaction remain poorly defined.In this study,we present a thorough biophysical characterization of full-length human HAX1 and CLPB,accomplished through recombinant expression and purification.By employing size exclusion chromatography,dynamic light scattering,and circular dichroism spectroscopy,we successfully established their biophysical properties,revealing contrasting structural features,with CLPB displaying a-helical content and HAX1 exhibiting a disordered nature.Moreover,we employed solutionstate nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy to probe their binding affinity.Our findings demonstrate the formation of stable multimeric complexes between HAX1 and CLPB,and we quantified a dissociation constant in the low range of micro-molar for their high affinity interaction.These results lay the foundation for further in-depth investigations into the dynamics and energetics governing the HAX1-CLPB interaction,ultimately contributing to a comprehensive understanding of their functional mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42305041)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China (Grant No.2020CFB331)supported by the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project “Earth System Numerical Simulation Facility” (Earth Lab)。
文摘Global deforestation has been recognized as an important factor influencing climate change over the past century.However, uncertainties remain regarding its biophysical impacts on temperature across China. Utilizing monthly data from eight global climate models of the Land Use Model Intercomparison Project, a multimodel comparison was conducted to quantitatively analyze the biophysical impacts of global deforestation on near-surface air temperature in China, using a surface energy balance decomposition method. Results show a 38%(29% to 45%) reduction in forest cover in China(ensemble mean and range across eight models) relative to pre-industrial levels, and an annual cooling of 0.6 K(0.05 to1.4 K) accompanied by global deforestation. Notably, surface albedo causes a cooling effect of 0.6 K(0.2 to 2.0 K), while surface latent and sensible heat fluxes partially offset this cooling by 0.2 K(-0.2 to 0.5 K) and 0.2 K(-0.04 to 0.6 K),respectively. These effects are more pronounced in winter and spring in deforested regions. Furthermore, the separation of atmospheric feedbacks under clear-sky and cloudy conditions show that the cloud radiative effect only accounts for 0.1 K(-0.1 to 0.4 K), while the clear-sky surface downward radiation is a significant cooling factor, contributing up to-0.5 K(-1.2 to 0.004 K), particularly in summer. However, the consistency of these models in simulating the impact of surface latent heat flux and albedo on surface temperature in China in response to deforestation is somewhat poor, highlighting the need to improve these related processes.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023 YFF 0805500)the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(No.SML 2023 SP 219)supported by the High Performance Computing Division and HPC managers of Wei ZHOU and Dandan SUI in the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology。
文摘Marine fisheries catches have significant economic,social,and cultural importance for coastal communities and nations worldwide.In addition to overfishing and predation,oceanic conditions linked to climate variability profoundly affect catches of oceanic fish species.Based on the fishery data from the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)of the United Nations and multiple physical and biogeochemical datasets,we examined the correlation between major modes of climate variability at high and low frequency and multiple key fish species in five major fishing grounds worldwide.The results reveal that over 80%of selected key fish species have declined over the past five decades,with more than 50%transitioning from an increasing to a decreasing trend in the 1990 s.Additionally,over 80%of fish species directly correlate with low-frequency climate indices,including Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO),Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation(AMO)and tropical southern Atlantic(TSA).However,less than 40%of fish species exhibit a direct association with high-frequency climate indices of El Niño Southern Oscillation(ENSO),North Atlantic Ocean(NAO),and Atlantic Niño(ATL 3).Synthetic analysis on the Sea Surface Temperature(SST),Mixed Layer Depth(MLD)and chlorophyll a revealed that shifts in the low-frequency climate can directly affect the habitats of numerous fish species,and subsequently influence their fishing yields.Specially,negative SST anomalies and positive chlorophyll-a anomalies were observed during a positive phase of PDO in the central and western Pacific regions,resulting in an increased catch values of Alaska pollock,Pacific sardine,and Chilean jack mackerel.Similar changes occur in positive and negative phases of other low frequency indices.Our research offered a comprehensive perspective on oceanic fish catch responses to climate change,serving as a guide for formulating effective management strategies for marine fish resources.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2401503)Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(No.23YFFA0010)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.23JRRA625)Special Project of Science and Technology Cooperation between Hubei Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.42000021817T300000050)。
文摘DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs)may result in cellular mutations,apoptosis,and cell death,making them critical determinants of cellular survival and functionality,as well as major mechanisms underlying cell death.The success of nanodosimetry lies in the reduction in the number of modeling parameters to be adjusted for the model to predict experimental data on radiation biology.Based on this background,this study modified and simplified the logistic nanodosimetry model(LNDM)based on radiation-induced DSB probability.The probability distribution of ionization cluster size P(v|Q)under irradiation with carbon-ion beams was obtained through a track-structure Monte Carlo(MC)simulation,and then,the nanodosimetric quantities and DSB probability were calculated.Combining the assumptions of the linear quadratic(LQ)model and LNDM,DSB probability-based modification and simplification of the LNDM were conducted.Additionally,based on the radiobiological experimental data of human salivary gland(HSG),Chinese hamster lung(V79),and Chinese hamster ovary(CHO-K1)cells,the least-squares method was used to optimize the parameters of the modified LNDM(mLNDM).The mLNDM accurately reproduced the experimental data of HSG,V79,and CHO-K1 cells,and the results showed that the model parameters r and m_(0) were independent of the cell type,that is,the biological effects of cells with different radiosensitivities can be characterized by adjusting only the model parameters k and P_(s→l).Compared with HSG and CHO-K1 cells,V79 cells had smaller k and P_(s→l)values,indicating that that DSBs have a lower probability of eventually causing lethal damage,and sublethal events are less likely to interact to form lethal events,thereby having radioresistant characteristics.Compared with the LNDM,the mLNDM eliminates the tedious derivation process and connects the quantities characterizing radiation quality at the nanoscale level using radiation biological effects in a more direct and easy-to-understand manner,thus providing a simpler and more accurate method for calculating relative biological effectiveness for ion-beam treatment planning.
文摘At the beginning of the 20^(th)century,German scientist Richard Semon introduced the term'engram'to describe the neural substrate implicated in the processes of memory formation and retrieval[1].The trace of the corresponding biophysical and biochemical changes in the brain responding to an external stimulus is called an engram,and understanding the physical manifestations of memory formation and recall remains a fundamental yet unresolved question[2].
基金supported by the Strategic Pri-ority Research Program(A)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA28080503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42071025)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Associa-tion of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2023240)the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory which is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-A06-76RLO 1830.
文摘Phenology shifts influence regional climate by altering energy,and water fluxes through biophysical processes.However,a quantitative understanding of the phenological control on vegetation’s biophysical feedbacks to re gional climate remains elusive.Using long-term remote sensing observations and Weather Research and Fore casting(WRF)model simulations,we investigated vegetation phenology changes from 2003 to 2020 and quan tified their biophysical controls on the regional climate in Northeast China.Our findings elucidated that earlier green-up contributed to a prolonged growing season in forests,while advanced green-up and delayed dormancy extended the growing season in croplands.This prolonged presence and increased maximum green cover in tensified climate-vegetation interactions,resulting in more significant surface cooling in croplands compared to forests.Surface cooling from forest phenology changes was prominent during May’s green-up(-0.53±0.07°C),while crop phenology changes induced cooling throughout the growing season,particularly in June(-0.47±0.15°C),July(-0.48±0.11°C),and September(-0.28±0.09°C).Furthermore,we unraveled the contributions of different biophysical pathways to temperature feedback using a two-resistance attribution model,with aero dynamic resistance emerging as the dominant factor.Crucially,our findings underscored that the land surface temperature(LST)sensitivity,exhibited substantially higher values in croplands rather than temperate forests.These strong sensitivities,coupled with the projected continuation of phenology shifts,portend further growing season cooling in croplands.These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the intricate feedback mechanisms between vegetation phenology and surface temperature,emphasizing the significance of vegetation phenology dynamics in shaping regional climate pattern and seasonality.
文摘The common acupoints and meridians for gynecology as well as their biophysical characteristics were summarized,the importance of biophysical characteristics for common meridians and acupoints were pointed out,some new research fields for fundamental study on common acupoints in gynecology were put forward,such as proteomics,genomics,transcriptomics,and other fields,and further evidence support for large-sample randomized controlled trials were appealed.
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program):2005 CB 523306Knowledge Innovation Project of Shanghai Colleges and Universities:2008 GJ 2653
文摘In recent years, new progresses have been achieved on biophysical characteristics of moxibustion. Researches aimed at elucidating the mechanism of moxibustion therapy from the view of biophysics showed that the effectiveness of moxibustion is not only the result of thermal effect, but also the joint function of spectral radiation, bio-thermal effect and non-thermal bio-effect. Currently, multidiscipline techniques are applied on the related researches which have aroused extensive concern. It may explore new ideas and methods for further expounding of mechanism of moxibustion therapy. And it is also expected to provide experimental evidence for enhancing the therapeutic effect in clinic as well as designing moxibustion-like instruments. Therefore, the article has a comprehensive statement on subjects such as moxibustion and local body temperature, infrared spectrum characteristics of moxibustion, bio-thermal effect and energy conversion of moxibustion, bio-heat transfer of moxibustion and microcirculation.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11304212 and 11575124)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant Nos.BK20130279)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER)Special Program of China(Grant No.2014GB112006)
文摘Stochastic characterization of radiation interaction is of importance to cell damage. Microdosimetry is to investi- gate the random structures of particle tracks in order to understand the dose-effect in cellular scales. In the review, we introduced the basic concepts of microdosimetry as well as the experimental methods （TEPC） and Monte Carlo simula- tions. Three basic biophysical models are interpreted and compared, including the target model, linear-quadratic model, and microdosimetric-kinetic model. The bottlenecks in the current microdosimetry research are also discussed, which need the interdisciplinary contributions from biology, physics, mathematics, computer science and electric engineering.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22025302,21873053 and 32230063)financial support from the open research fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(No.2021SLABFK10)。
文摘The development of biopolymers for biomedical applications has traditionally been based on new chemistries.However,there is growing recognition that the biological responses can be regulated by the physical as well as the chemical properties of biomaterials.Understanding the biophysicochemical principles regarding biopolymers is thereby of great importance in the generation of advanced biomaterials.Herein,this review article seeks to provide a conceptual framework demonstrating how the approaches of tailored computer simulations and theoretical analysis are harnessed to explore the physicochemical principles of biopolymer cellular interactions.We briefly introduce the theoretical and simulation methods used in this field,summarize the typical findings based on these approaches,and describe the correlations between theoretical results and experiments.Finally,the future prospects for the theoretical aspect of biopolymers and their biophysicochemical interactions are discussed.The knowledge might be critical from the perspective of advantageous and safe use of designer biomaterials.
基金by Disruptive Technologies and Innovation Fund,Enterprise Ireland,Ireland.
文摘Advances in machine learning,computer vision and artificial intelligence methods,in combination with those in processing and cloud computing capability,portend the advent of true decision support during interventions in real-time and soon perhaps in automated surgical steps.Such capability,deployed alongside technology intraoperatively,is termed digital surgery and can be delivered without the need for high-end capital robotic investment.An area close to clinical usefulness right now harnesses advances in near infrared endolaparoscopy and fluorescence guidance for tissue characterisation through the use of biophysics-inspired algorithms.This represents a potential synergistic methodology for the deep learning methods currently advancing in ophthalmology,radiology,and recently gastroenterology via colonoscopy.As databanks of more general surgical videos are created,greater analytic insights can be derived across the operative spectrum of gastroenterological disease and operations(including instrumentation and operative step sequencing and recognition,followed over time by surgeon and instrument performance assessment)and linked to value-based outcomes.However,issues of legality,ethics and even morality need consideration,as do the limiting effects of monopolies,cartels and isolated data silos.Furthermore,the role of the surgeon,surgical societies and healthcare institutions in this evolving field needs active deliberation,as the default risks relegation to bystander or passive recipient.This editorial provides insight into this accelerating field by illuminating the nearfuture and next decade evolutionary steps towards widespread clinical integration for patient and societal benefit.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11474346 and 11774407)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDB-SSW-SLH045)the National Key Research and Development Program,China(Grant No.2016YFA0301500)
文摘Human telomeric G-quadruplex plays a crucial role in regulating the genome stability. Despite extensive studies on structures and kinetics of monomeric G-quadruplex, the interaction between G-quadruplexes is still in debate. In this work,we employ magnetic tweezers to investigate the folding and unfolding kinetics of two contiguous G-quadruplexes in 100-mM K~＋buffer. The interaction between G-quadruplexes and the consequent effect on the kinetics of G-quadruplex are revealed. The linker sequence between G-quadruplexes is further found to play an important role in the interaction between two G-quadruplexes. Our results provide a high-resolution insight into kinetics of multimeric G-quadruplexes and genome stability.
基金The author is greatful to the Grenoble Nanoscience Foundation,the ANR“TRANSMIG”(Grant No.12-BS09-020-01)the LabeX Tec21(Grant No.ANR-11-LABX-0030).
文摘Cancer metastasis is still a major social issue with limited knowledge of the formation of tumors and their growth.In addition the formation of metastases is very difficult to understand,since it involves very complex physical mechanisms such as cellular interactions and cell rheology,which are flow-dependent.Previous studies investigated transendothelial migration using sophisticated techniques such as microfluidics,traction force microscopy(TFM)or Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM),combined with physical modeling.Here we summarize recent results and suggest new ways to investigate the precise mechanisms used by cancer cells to undergo transendothelial migration.
基金supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31570754)Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology to C. ChenLab Innovation Funding from Lab and Instrument Department, Tsinghua University to W. Wang
文摘Elongation factor 4（EF4） is one of the highly conserved translational GTPases, whose functions are largely unknown. Structures of EF4 bound ribosomal PRE-translocation and POST-translocation complexes have both been visualized. On top of cellular, structural, and biochemical studies, several controversial models have been raised to rationalize functions of EF4. However, how EF4 modulates elongation through its interactions with ribosomes has not been revealed. Here, using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays, we directly captured short-lived EF4·GTP bound ribosomal PRE and POST translocation complexes, which may adopt slightly different conformations from structures prepared using GDP, GDPNP, or GDPCP. Furthermore, we revealed that EF4·GTP severely impairs delivery of aminoacyl-tRNA into the A-site of the ribosome and moderately accelerates translocation. We proposed that functions of EF4 are to slow overall elongation and to stall majority of ribosomes in POST states under stress conditions.
