Biodegradation usually obscures or even radically alters the original characteristics of oil biomarkers.The mixing of oil from multiple sources makes each source difficult to trace.Identifying the source of biodegrade...Biodegradation usually obscures or even radically alters the original characteristics of oil biomarkers.The mixing of oil from multiple sources makes each source difficult to trace.Identifying the source of biodegraded oil from multiple sources has always been a hard nut to crack.Rising to this challenge,in this study-we carried out a comprehensive investigation of biodegradation impacts,oil-source correlation,and oil charging history to trace the source and reveal the mixing process of biodegraded oil in the Toutunhe Formation(J_(2)t)in the eastern Junggar Basin,NW China.The oil of this area was biodegraded to different extent,consequently,many commonly used biomarker parameters(e.g.Pr/Ph,Pr/n C_(17))became less powerful for oil-source correlation.To address this problem,the resistance of many biomarkers to biodegradation was analyzed,and those of high bio resistance were selected to generate a more reliable oil-source correlation.The results revealed that biodegraded oil was a mixture of oil sourced from Lucaogou Formation(P_(2)l)and Xiaoquangou Formation(T_(2-3)xq).Core sample observation,microscopic fluorescent analysis and fluid inclusion analysis were combined to analyze comprehensively oil charging history.The analysis of accumulation process exhibited that the existing oil in J_(2)t was a mixture originated from the P_(2)l and T_(2-3)xq source rocks in two separate charging stages when it underwent a complicated process of charging,biodegradation,recharging and mixing.展开更多
With a production of 208.2 m3/d, heavy oil was produced by drill stem test (DST) from three shallow reservoirs in Sand Group Nos. Ⅰ and Ⅲ of the Neogene Guantao Formation (NgⅠ and NgⅢ) and the Eogene Dongying Form...With a production of 208.2 m3/d, heavy oil was produced by drill stem test (DST) from three shallow reservoirs in Sand Group Nos. Ⅰ and Ⅲ of the Neogene Guantao Formation (NgⅠ and NgⅢ) and the Eogene Dongying Formation (Ed) in an exploratory well Ban-14-1 within the Qianmiqiao region, Bohai Bay Basin, northern China. Based on the GC and GC-MS data of the NgⅠ and NgⅢ heavy oil samples, all n-alkanes and most isoprenoid hydrocarbons are lost and the GC baseline appears as an evident 'hump', implying a large quantity of unresolved complex mixture (UCM), which typically revealed a result of heavy biodegradation. However, there still is a complete series of C14-C73 n-alkanes in the high-temperature gas chromatograms (HTGC) of the heavy oil, among which, the abundance of C30- n-alkanes are drastically reduced. The C35-C55 high molecular weight (HMW) n-alkanes are at high abundance and show a normal distribution pattern with major peak at C43 and an obvious odd-carbon-number predominance with CPI37-55 and OEP45-49 values of 1.17 and 1.16-1.20, respectively. According to GC-MS analysis, the heavy oil is characterized by dual source inputs of aquatic microbes and terrestrial higher plants. Various steranes and tricyclic terpanes indicate an algal origin, and hopane-type triterpanes, C24 tetracyclic terpane and drimane series show the bacterial contribution. With the odd-carbon-number preference, HMW n-alkanes provide significant information not only on higher plant source input and immaturity, but also on the strong resistibility to biodegradation.展开更多
Natural water absorbent konjac flour participates in synthesizing biodegraded and polyurethane foamed drape, which is used to release urea slowly.The experimental results indicate that the slowly-releasing velocity of...Natural water absorbent konjac flour participates in synthesizing biodegraded and polyurethane foamed drape, which is used to release urea slowly.The experimental results indicate that the slowly-releasing velocity of urea nitrogen and the degrading velocity of the drape can be controlled by regulating the thicknesses of drapes, the amount of konjac flour and the water content. In addition, the biodegradability of the drape was investigated by burying the specimens in earth afterwards,and results show this drape can be degraded naturally.展开更多
Heavy biodegraded crude oils have larger numbers of coeluting compounds than nonbiodegraded oils, and they are typically not resolved with conventional gas chromatography（GC）. This unresolved complex mixture（UCM） ...Heavy biodegraded crude oils have larger numbers of coeluting compounds than nonbiodegraded oils, and they are typically not resolved with conventional gas chromatography（GC）. This unresolved complex mixture（UCM） has been investigated using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry（GC×GC-To FMS） within a set of biodegraded petroleums derived from distinct sedimentary basins, including northwestern Sichuan（Neoproterozoic, marine）, Tarim（Early Paleozoic, marine）, Bohai Bay（Eocene, saline/brackish） and Pearl River Mouth（Eocene, freshwater）. In general, the hydrocarbons that constitute the UCM in petroleum saturate fractions can be classified into three catalogues based on the distributions of resolved compounds on two dimensional chromatograms. Group 1 is composed mainly of normal and branched alkanes, isoprenoid alkanes and monocyclic alkanes; Group 2 comprises primarily terpanes ranging from two to five rings, and Group 3 is dominated by monoaromatic hydrocarbons such as tetralins and monoaromatic steranes. In addition, the UCM is source dependent and varies between oil populations. i.e., the UCM of petroleum derived from Precambrian and Early Paleozoic marine, Eocene saline/brackish and freshwater source rocks is specifically rich in higher homologues of A-norsteranes, series of 1,1,3-trimethyl-2-alkylcyclohexanes（carotenoid-derived alkanes）, and tetralin and indane compounds, respectively.展开更多
By aid of gas chromatogram/mass spectrometry(GC-MS),the distributions and the compositions of biomarkers in a set of sequentially biodegraded oils from Liaohe Basin,China,have been quantitatively analyzed,and it has b...By aid of gas chromatogram/mass spectrometry(GC-MS),the distributions and the compositions of biomarkers in a set of sequentially biodegraded oils from Liaohe Basin,China,have been quantitatively analyzed,and it has been found that during the biodegradation process of crude oils,the molecular maturity parameters such as Ts/Tm,homohopane C3122S/(22S+22R)and sterane C2920S/(20S+20R)ratios will be affected to different extent.The results show that except homohopane C3122S/(22S+22R)ratio,Ts/Tm ratio will decrease with increasing biodegradation,but for C2920S/(20S+20R)ratio,it will almost remain constant in slightly and moderately biodegraded oils,and then will increase quickly in severely biodegraded oils.The main reason is that there are some differences in the ability of resistant biodegradation for different isomer of biomarkers with different stereo configuration,resulting in the fact that destroying rate by bacteria for those biomarkers with weak ability will be higher than those with strong ability in resistant biodegradation.For example,18α(H)-22,29,30-trisnorhopanes(Ts)will be destroyed more quickly than 17α(H)-22,29,30-trisnorshopanres(Tm),and 20R isomer is more quickly than 20S isomer for C29 sterane,resulting in the relative ratios changed with increasing biodegradation.Therefore,much more attention should be paid to the biodegradation extent of crude oils and the type of biomarker maturity indicators,when the distributions and the compositions of biomarkers in biodegraded oils are used to determine the maturity of biodegraded oils.展开更多
By the aid of GC-MS technique,a series of sequentially biodegraded oils from Liaohe Basin have been analyzed.The results show that the concentrations and relative compositions of various aromatic compounds in the biod...By the aid of GC-MS technique,a series of sequentially biodegraded oils from Liaohe Basin have been analyzed.The results show that the concentrations and relative compositions of various aromatic compounds in the biodegraded crude oils will change with increasing biodegradation degree.The concentrations of alkyl naphthalenes,alkyl phenanthrenes,alkyl dibenzothiophene are decreased,and the concentration of triaromatic steroids will increase with increasing biodegradation degree in biodegraded oils.Those phenomena indicate that various aromatic compounds are more easily biodegraded by bacteria like other kinds of hydrocarbons such as alkanes,but different series of aromatic compounds have a varied ability to resistant to biodegradation.The ratios of dibenzothiophene to phenenthrene(DBTH/P)and methyl dibenzothiophene to methyl phenanthrene(MDBTH/MP)are related to the features of depositional environment for source rocks such as redox and ancient salinity.However,in biodegraded oils,the two ratios increase quickly with the increase of the biodegradation degree,indicating that they have lost their geochemical significance.In this case,they could not be used to evaluate the features of depositional environment.Methyl phenanthrene index,methyl phenanthrene ratio and methyl dibenzoyhiophene ratio are useful aromatic maturity indicators for the crude oils and the source rocks without vitrinite.But for biodegraded oils,those aromatic maturity indicators will be affected by biodegradation and decrease with the increase of the biodegradation degree.Therefore,those aromatic molecular maturity indicators could not be used for biodegraded oils.展开更多
To address the issue of residual pollution caused by polyethylene mulch,this study explored the effects of different mulching methods on the soil environment of the yam field,as well as on yam yield and quality.The ex...To address the issue of residual pollution caused by polyethylene mulch,this study explored the effects of different mulching methods on the soil environment of the yam field,as well as on yam yield and quality.The experiment comprised six treatments in total:one non-mulched treatment served as the control(CK),along with five different film-mulched treatments,namely PE,FZS12,FZS15,FC12,and FC15.The degradation of these films and their effects on soil physicochemical properties,microbial community,yam yield and quality were compared.The results showed that the FZS12 treatment achieved grade 5 degradation by the end of the planting period.Compared with PE treatment,the total soluble sugar content and yield of yam treated with FZS12 were significantly increased by 35.78%and 74.97%,respectively(p<0.05).Compared with CK and PE treatments,FZS12 significantly increased soil available nitrogen by 31.62%and 6.20%,respectively(p<0.05),and significantly increased soil available phosphorus by 8.58%and 4.45%,respectively(p<0.05).Soil pH,available nitrogen,and available phosphorus were the main environmental factors affecting the soil bacterial community.The FZS12 treatment significantly increased the relative abundances of soil bacteria phylum including Acidobacteriota,Myxococcota,Patescibacteria,and Proteobacteria compared with the CK and PE treatments.Functional prediction using Picrust2 revealed that the FZS12 treatment had significantly higher levels of signal transduction and amino acid metabolism than the CK and PE treatments.In conclusion,covering with 12μm PBAT/PLA humic acid biodegradable film enhances yam yield and total soluble sugar content by shaping beneficial soil microbial communities,activating soil nutrients.展开更多
Biobased biodegradable plastics have gained increasing attention as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based materials in food packaging,offering biodegradability,renewability,and reduced environmental impact.This ...Biobased biodegradable plastics have gained increasing attention as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based materials in food packaging,offering biodegradability,renewability,and reduced environmental impact.This review adopts a narrative review approach,integrating studies published between 2015 and 2025 from major databases to critically evaluate the recent advances,feasibility,and limitations of biobased biodegradable plastics in food packaging.Literature was thematically analyzed by material type and functional enhancement to assess their feasibility and limitations for sustainable packaging applications.Recent advances have focused on enhancing their mechanical,barrier,and functional properties through polymer blending,nanoparticle reinforcement,and incorporation of natural bioactive agents.Starch-based bioplastics,derived from renewable sources such as corn and cassava,have been improved by blending with polylactic acid(PLA)or polybutylene succinate(PBS)and reinforcing with nanocellulose or silica to enhance flexibility,strength,and thermal stability.Incorporating plant extracts and polyphenols has added antioxidant and antimicrobial functions.PLA-based films have benefited from nanoparticle fillers like zinc oxide and lignin nanoparticles,and the integration of bioactive compounds such as tea polyphenols and hop extract has enabled multifunctional,intelligent packaging with controlled release and UV protection.Polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs),producedmicrobially,have been functionalizedwith tannins,ferulic acid,and other natural agents to achieve high antioxidant,antibacterial,and UV-blocking performance,while multilayer coatings have improved moisture and gas resistance.PBS composites have been enhanced using nanofillers like silver or magnesium oxide and natural additives such as quercetin and essential oils,thereby improving durability and bioactivity.Emerging materials,including chitosan-,protein-,and polysaccharide-based films,show excellent film-forming ability and compatibility with natural antimicrobials;smart systems with pH-sensing and UV-shielding functions further extend food shelf life.Despite remaining challenges such as cost,moisture sensitivity,limited scalability,and potential competition with food resources,recent progress demonstrates that biobased biodegradable plastics hold strong potential to advance sustainable,high-performance food packaging,particularly when waste is valorized.Future research should focus on improving the cost-effectiveness,scalability,and moisture resistance of biobased biodegradable plastics,while advancing waste-derived feedstocks,multifunctional smart packaging,and comprehensive life cycle assessments to ensure sustainable and practical food packaging solutions.展开更多
Microplastics,resulting from human activities,are widespread environmental contaminants that threaten both ecosystems and human health.These particles,less than 5 mm in size,are found in air,soil,and water,originating...Microplastics,resulting from human activities,are widespread environmental contaminants that threaten both ecosystems and human health.These particles,less than 5 mm in size,are found in air,soil,and water,originating from industrial waste and everyday plastic products.They come in various shapes,sizes,and colors,with primary and secondary microplastics formed through degradation processes.Microplastics have entered the food chain,affecting all trophic levels,with detrimental effects on organisms such as plankton,fish,and corals.Research on microplastics is hindered by methodological biases and sampling inconsistencies,which impact the reliability and comparability of data,as different techniques often yield varying results.Current degradation methods,including bioremediation and filtration,show potential but remain limited.Detecting microplastics is challenging due to their small size,though advanced techniques like morphological and analytical analyses,particularly in fish guts,aid detection.Targeted studies on microplastic levels in aquatic species are crucial,and the development of biodegradable alternatives is essential to mitigate their long-term environmental impact.展开更多
This study aims to synthesise,characterise and evaluate the performance characteristics of packaging films based on biodegradable natural resources incorporated with nanoparticles.Particularly,it is focused on the val...This study aims to synthesise,characterise and evaluate the performance characteristics of packaging films based on biodegradable natural resources incorporated with nanoparticles.Particularly,it is focused on the valorisation of the fibers from the underexploited Lonchocarpus cyanescens plant fromWest Africa as raw renewable lignocellulosebiomassmaterial source for the productionof carboxymethylcellulose(CMC).To this end,biodegradable films were prepared from CMC derived from the fibers of the Lonchocarpus cyanescens plant,and collagen.In order to improve the properties of these films,in particular their mechanical and humidity resistance and their ability to fight microbes,silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs),titanium dioxide nanoparticles(TiO2 NPs),as well as heterostructure Ag@TiO2 nanocomposite were incorporated.The different products obtained were characterised by differentmethods,including DLS,UV-VIS,SEM,contact angle,UTM,absorption and antimicrobial activity tests.The results show that the hybrid biocomposite films exhibit good mechanical properties,improved moisture resistance,and a significant antimicrobial effect against certain pathogenic bacteria.In particular,the synergy between Ag and TiO_(2) nanoparticles in the heterostructure Ag@TiO_(2) nanocomposite optimized the performance characteristics of the packaging films,particularly in terms of mechanical properties with a maximum stress of 38.77 MPa and a strain of 9%,low water absorption reaching 50% at 48 h,improved hydrophobic behaviorwith contact angle of 87°,and antimicrobial resistance compared with the control film without nanoparticles.This work highlights the valorisation of an underexploitedWest African local plant and contributes to the search for sustainable solutions for food packaging.展开更多
Pretreatment of Low-Density Polyethylene(LDPE)with physicochemical methods before biodegradation has been demonstrated as an effective strategy.The pretreatment of LDPE exhibited alterations in molecular structure,red...Pretreatment of Low-Density Polyethylene(LDPE)with physicochemical methods before biodegradation has been demonstrated as an effective strategy.The pretreatment of LDPE exhibited alterations in molecular structure,reducing hydrophobicity and decreasing tensile strength.Additionally,pretreating LDPE enhanced microbial biodegradability to improve biofilm formation and significantly reduced the physical weight of LDPE film.AS3–8 consortia exhibited a maximum weight loss of 8.0%±0.5%after 45 days of incubation.While Bacillus sp.AS3 and Sphingobacterium sp.AS8 demonstrated LDPE weight loss of 5.03%±1.6%and 1.6%±0.5%,respectively.The structure of LDPE was altered after incubation with the bacterial strains,resulting in a reduction in the intensity of functional groups,including C=O,C=C,N–H,and C–N.The carbonyl index(CI)of LDPE also decreased by 7.17%after the consortia AS3–8 degradation.Consortia AS3–8 significantly impacted the physical properties of LDPE by reducing the water contact angle(WCA),decreasing to 64.21°±3.69°,and tensile strength(TS),decreasing to 17.97±0.3 MPa.Moreover,the esterase activity was measured through 45 days of incubation.SDS-PAGE analysis of the AS3–8 consortia revealed bands at 35,48,and 70 kDa molecular weights,similar to known enzymes like laccase and esterase.Furthermore,SEM observations showed rough,cracked surfaces on pretreated LDPE,with biofilms present after incubation with the bacterial strains.GC–MS analysis revealed that AS3–8 consortia produced depolymerized chemicals,including alkanes,aldehydes,and esters.The LDPE biodegradation pathway was elucidated.This study addresses critical knowledge gaps in improving plastic degradation efficiency.展开更多
Transient electromagnetic methods are increasingly adopted for field investigation of oil pollution because they provide rapid,non-invasive imaging of subsurface electrical conductivity across depths relevant to vados...Transient electromagnetic methods are increasingly adopted for field investigation of oil pollution because they provide rapid,non-invasive imaging of subsurface electrical conductivity across depths relevant to vadose-zone impacts,groundwater plumes,and coastal transition zones.This review synthesizes recent advances that have expanded TEM(Transient Electromagnetic Method)’s environmental applicability,including higher dynamic range receivers,multi-moment acquisition that improves shallow-to-deep sensitivity,and diversified deployment platforms spanning ground,mobile/towed,airborne,and coastal/marine configurations,with emerging UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)options for constrained access.We emphasize the electrical and geochemical basis of hydrocarbon-related signatures,showing why fresh releases may appear resistive through NAPL(Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid)displacement of conductive pore water,whereas aged contamination often produces conductive responses driven by biodegradation,redox evolution,and elevated ionic strength.Because these responses are non-unique and can be confounded by clay-rich lithology,salinity gradients,temperature variability,and cultural infrastructure,contemporary interpretation has shifted toward process-consistent conceptual site models and uncertainty-aware products that communicate depth of investigation and resolution limits.A thematic synthesis of field applications indicates TEM is most reliable for mapping hydrogeological architecture,delineating plausible plume corridors,prioritizing intrusive sampling,and supporting monitoring where repeatability and background variability are controlled.The review concludes that TEM delivers the greatest decision value when integrated in a weight-of-evidence framework with hydrogeology,geochemistry,and targeted ground truth,and it highlights future needs in standardized reporting,robust time-lapse appraisal,and stronger petrophysical links to hydrocarbon transformation.展开更多
Aquatic plants have been widely used for lake ecological restoration.The effect of aquatic plants on lake biogeochemical cycling has been investigated intensively,however,plants’effect on biodegradation of dissolved ...Aquatic plants have been widely used for lake ecological restoration.The effect of aquatic plants on lake biogeochemical cycling has been investigated intensively,however,plants’effect on biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)is rarely studied.Here we designed an indoor incubation experiment to explore the priming effect(PE)of aquatic plant leaching solution on DOC in shallow lakes,referring to as the input of active dissolved organic matter(DOM)that would arouse changes in the degradation rate of original refractory DOM.Waters from 20 urban lakes of different tropic states were incubated to study their PE on DOC by adding leaching solutions from two submerged freshwater plants,Hydrilla(H)and Vallisneria(V).The study showed a clear influence of aquatic plants on PE with varying directions and intensities.The H incubation group showed a PE range of-6.19%–9.79%,with an average of 2.15%±2.70%,whereas the V incubation group exhibited a PE range of-10.03%to 3.60%,with an average of-0.65%±3.11%.The positive and negative PEs by the two plant species indicate a key role of plants over trophic states on organic carbon dynamics in freshwater lakes.From the perspective of plant leaching input,our results reveal that planting aquatic plants whose leaching solution can reduce PE like V could be used to enhance carbon storage and constrain carbon emission.展开更多
Biodegradable metals(BMs)have shown significant potential for applications in the field of orthopedic implants.These materials gradually degrade after implantation,eventually disappear without residue,provide necessar...Biodegradable metals(BMs)have shown significant potential for applications in the field of orthopedic implants.These materials gradually degrade after implantation,eventually disappear without residue,provide necessary mechanical support during degradation,and closely integrate with bone tissues.Fe-based BMs are particularly notable for their good mechanical properties and biocompatibility.However,their slow degradation rate is a limitation.The emergence of Mn-incorporated Fe-based alloys(Fe-Mn alloys)offers the possibilities for addressing issues of slow degradation rate and incompatibility of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for Fe alloys.This review summarizes the advantages of Fe-Mn alloys as orthopedic implants,and the cutting-edge advances in degradation,mechanical and magnetic properties,and osteogenic performance.The cytotoxicity issue is addressed for the porous structured Fe-Mn alloys caused by the enrichment of manganese ions,and thus the main challenge and the development are involved for the Fe-Mn alloys to achieve a balance among biocompatibility,structure,and degradation rate.Also the perspectives are proposed for Fe-Mn alloys as orthopedic implants.展开更多
This review draws attention to the innovative use of arrowroot(Maranta arundinacea)fiber as a unique and underutilized biomass source for nanocrystalline cellulose(NCC)-based nanocomposites,presenting a noteworthy alt...This review draws attention to the innovative use of arrowroot(Maranta arundinacea)fiber as a unique and underutilized biomass source for nanocrystalline cellulose(NCC)-based nanocomposites,presenting a noteworthy alternative to extensively researched materials like wood pulp,bacterial cellulose,and chemically modified NCCs.In contrast to traditional sources,arrowroot possesses a naturally elevated cellulose and diminished lignin content,facilitating more effective NCC extraction requiring reduced chemical input and enabling environmentally friendly processing techniques.The review evaluates the performance of arrowroot-derived nanocomposites against systems documented in the literature,including NCC-based shape memory composites and nanoparticle-reinforced films,demonstrating enhanced tensile strength,improved moisture barrier properties,and thermal stability,as well as potential piezoelectric response.This study recognizes arrowroot as a viable option in the biomass-based nanocellulose sector,providing ecological and functional benefits while tackling significant issues such as process scalability and feedstock variability,thereby offering important insights for the advancement of sustainable materials.展开更多
Zn-Mn alloys are regarded as promising biodegradable metals for orthopedic applications owing to their moderate degradation rates and favorable osteogenic properties.However,the presence of a substantial number of sec...Zn-Mn alloys are regarded as promising biodegradable metals for orthopedic applications owing to their moderate degradation rates and favorable osteogenic properties.However,the presence of a substantial number of second-phase particles in Zn-based alloys might induce severe localized degradation via micro-coupling corrosion,thereby compromising the mechanical integrity of the alloy during in vivo tissue regeneration.In this study,high pressure solid solution(HPSS)treatment was conducted at 5 GPa and 380℃ for 1 h to fabricate Zn-0.5 Mn alloys.Microstructural characterization revealed that the HPSS treatment facilitated the formation of a supersaturated solid solution by completely dissolving theζ-MnZn_(13) phase into theα-Zn matrix.The resultant strengthening mechanisms,including supersaturated solid solution strengthening,grain-size strengthening,and dislocation strengthening,collectively enhanced the compressive yield strength(σ_(cys))of the Zn-0.5 Mn alloy to about 183.7 MPa,approximately three times that of the as-cast(AC)Zn-0.5 Mn alloy.Moreover,compared with the AC alloy,the HPSS Zn-0.5 Mn alloy exhibited uniform degradation behavior with a markedly reduced degradation rate.展开更多
Zn's natural degradability and biocompatibility make it a promising candidate for implants,however,its mechanical properties remain insufficient for bone applications.In this study,the performance of Zn was enhanc...Zn's natural degradability and biocompatibility make it a promising candidate for implants,however,its mechanical properties remain insufficient for bone applications.In this study,the performance of Zn was enhanced by developing Zn-Cu alloys via laser powder bed fusion(LPBF).Optimal LPBF parameters for forming stable tracks were achieved by adjusting laser power and scanning speed.Under optimized conditions of 100 W and 100 mm/s,high density(99.58%)Zn-Cu alloys with improved hardness(68.2 HV)and yield strength(160 MPa)were achieved.These improvements are attributed to solid solution strengthening,segregation strengthening,and grain refinement.The Zn-Cu alloys also demonstrated favorable degradation behavior,with a rate of 0.16 mm/year.This degradation is primarily driven by micro-galvanic corrosion between the CuZn 5 phase and Zn matrix,along with refined grains and increased grain boundary density.This work demonstrates a viable strategy for fabricating Zn-based implants with enhanced structural integrity and mechanical performance via LPBF.展开更多
The management and treatment of cabin-washing wastewater has received increasing attention in China.To improve the anaerobic degradation of benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylenes(BTEX) in cabin-washing wastewater,th...The management and treatment of cabin-washing wastewater has received increasing attention in China.To improve the anaerobic degradation of benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylenes(BTEX) in cabin-washing wastewater,the addition of iron-carbon composite was adopted to enhance the efficiency of anaerobic digestion by facilitating direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET).The preparation of iron-carbon composite was optimized and its effects on BTEX removal and methanogenic performance were then investigated.The results showed that the iron-carbon composite facilitated the hydrolysis and acidification process.The toluene removal rate was improved by 69.9 %,and the cumulative methane yield was enhanced by 90.5 % under the optimized condition of pyrolysis temperature of 600℃,Fe/C mass ratio of 1.0 and dosage of 2.5 g/L.Furthermore,both extracellular electron transfer(EET) and intracellular electron transfer(IET) were found enhanced,and the aromatic compound-degrading bacteria was enriched by iron-carbon composite.The enhanced anaerobic degradation of BTEX by iron-carbon composite provided a novel means for the removal of BTEX from cabin-washing wastewater.展开更多
With the increasing accumulation of plastic pollutants in various environments,research on microorganisms(including bacteria,fungi,and algae)with plastic degradation capabilities has gained significant attention.Howev...With the increasing accumulation of plastic pollutants in various environments,research on microorganisms(including bacteria,fungi,and algae)with plastic degradation capabilities has gained significant attention.However,only a limited number of microbial plastic-degrading enzymes have been identified to date.This highlights that the degradation mechanisms employed by many plastic-degrading microorganisms,particularly filamentous fungi,remain insufficiently explored.In this study,we utilized a versatile fungal plasmid(pCT74)to express green fluorescent protein(GFP)in a marine-derived fungus Alternaria alternata strain FB1 with plastic degradation capabilities.Upon evaluating the degradation effect of polyester-type polyurethane(PU)film,we observed that different transformants exhibited three kinds of activities(the same,reduced,or enhanced degradation capability)compared to the FB1 wild-type strain.Further analysis of the plasmid fragment insertion sites in different transformants revealed that pCT74 integrates randomly into the genome of the host fungus.Notably,a direct correlation was found between the plasmid insertion site and the degradation capability of the corresponding transformant.Our findings not only redefine the potential applications of plasmid pCT74 in filamentous fungi but also show a novel research approach to identifying key enzymes involved in plastic degradation by fungi.展开更多
In this study,a series of poly(ethylene succinate)-b-poly(butylene carbonate)(PES-b-PBC)multiblock copolymers were prepared through the chain-extension reaction of hydroxyl-terminated PES(PES-OH)and hydroxyl-terminate...In this study,a series of poly(ethylene succinate)-b-poly(butylene carbonate)(PES-b-PBC)multiblock copolymers were prepared through the chain-extension reaction of hydroxyl-terminated PES(PES-OH)and hydroxyl-terminated PBC(PBC-OH)prepolymers with 1,6-hexmethylene diisocyanate(HDI)as a chain extender.The effects of the prepolymer molecular weight and content on the structure and application properties of the PES-b-PBC copolymers were systematically investigated using various techniques.It was found that the compatibility of PES and PBC blocks in PES-b-PBC copolymers can be greatly enhanced by lowering the length of the prepolymers,and the amorphous phase of the PES and PBC chain segments in the PES-b-PBC copolymer would transform from immiscibility and partial miscibility to miscibility when the number-average molecular weight(M_(n))of the PES-OH and PBC-OH prepolymers is less than 2000 g/mol.Only the crystal structure of bare PES can be observed in the wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD)spectrum of the PES-b-PBC copolymers,but their crystallinity degrees were found to decrease with increasing PBC fraction.The thermal behavior,crystallization performance,rheological properties,mechanical properties,and degradation properties of the PES-b-PBC multiblock copolymers can be easily modulated by altering the block length and composition of the prepolymers,offering potential applications in biodegradable materials.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(Grant No.41702143)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(ZR2016DL06+3 种基金ZR2017LD005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(17CX02006A)the Foundation of Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization&Sedimentary Mineral(DMSM2017063)the major science and technology project of Xinjiang Petroleum Administration Bureau of CNPC(2017E-0401)。
文摘Biodegradation usually obscures or even radically alters the original characteristics of oil biomarkers.The mixing of oil from multiple sources makes each source difficult to trace.Identifying the source of biodegraded oil from multiple sources has always been a hard nut to crack.Rising to this challenge,in this study-we carried out a comprehensive investigation of biodegradation impacts,oil-source correlation,and oil charging history to trace the source and reveal the mixing process of biodegraded oil in the Toutunhe Formation(J_(2)t)in the eastern Junggar Basin,NW China.The oil of this area was biodegraded to different extent,consequently,many commonly used biomarker parameters(e.g.Pr/Ph,Pr/n C_(17))became less powerful for oil-source correlation.To address this problem,the resistance of many biomarkers to biodegradation was analyzed,and those of high bio resistance were selected to generate a more reliable oil-source correlation.The results revealed that biodegraded oil was a mixture of oil sourced from Lucaogou Formation(P_(2)l)and Xiaoquangou Formation(T_(2-3)xq).Core sample observation,microscopic fluorescent analysis and fluid inclusion analysis were combined to analyze comprehensively oil charging history.The analysis of accumulation process exhibited that the existing oil in J_(2)t was a mixture originated from the P_(2)l and T_(2-3)xq source rocks in two separate charging stages when it underwent a complicated process of charging,biodegradation,recharging and mixing.
基金Th is study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,no.40172056)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China(RFDP,no.2000042506).
文摘With a production of 208.2 m3/d, heavy oil was produced by drill stem test (DST) from three shallow reservoirs in Sand Group Nos. Ⅰ and Ⅲ of the Neogene Guantao Formation (NgⅠ and NgⅢ) and the Eogene Dongying Formation (Ed) in an exploratory well Ban-14-1 within the Qianmiqiao region, Bohai Bay Basin, northern China. Based on the GC and GC-MS data of the NgⅠ and NgⅢ heavy oil samples, all n-alkanes and most isoprenoid hydrocarbons are lost and the GC baseline appears as an evident 'hump', implying a large quantity of unresolved complex mixture (UCM), which typically revealed a result of heavy biodegradation. However, there still is a complete series of C14-C73 n-alkanes in the high-temperature gas chromatograms (HTGC) of the heavy oil, among which, the abundance of C30- n-alkanes are drastically reduced. The C35-C55 high molecular weight (HMW) n-alkanes are at high abundance and show a normal distribution pattern with major peak at C43 and an obvious odd-carbon-number predominance with CPI37-55 and OEP45-49 values of 1.17 and 1.16-1.20, respectively. According to GC-MS analysis, the heavy oil is characterized by dual source inputs of aquatic microbes and terrestrial higher plants. Various steranes and tricyclic terpanes indicate an algal origin, and hopane-type triterpanes, C24 tetracyclic terpane and drimane series show the bacterial contribution. With the odd-carbon-number preference, HMW n-alkanes provide significant information not only on higher plant source input and immaturity, but also on the strong resistibility to biodegradation.
文摘Natural water absorbent konjac flour participates in synthesizing biodegraded and polyurethane foamed drape, which is used to release urea slowly.The experimental results indicate that the slowly-releasing velocity of urea nitrogen and the degrading velocity of the drape can be controlled by regulating the thicknesses of drapes, the amount of konjac flour and the water content. In addition, the biodegradability of the drape was investigated by burying the specimens in earth afterwards,and results show this drape can be degraded naturally.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41172126)the State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting(PRP/indep-2-1402)
文摘Heavy biodegraded crude oils have larger numbers of coeluting compounds than nonbiodegraded oils, and they are typically not resolved with conventional gas chromatography（GC）. This unresolved complex mixture（UCM） has been investigated using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry（GC×GC-To FMS） within a set of biodegraded petroleums derived from distinct sedimentary basins, including northwestern Sichuan（Neoproterozoic, marine）, Tarim（Early Paleozoic, marine）, Bohai Bay（Eocene, saline/brackish） and Pearl River Mouth（Eocene, freshwater）. In general, the hydrocarbons that constitute the UCM in petroleum saturate fractions can be classified into three catalogues based on the distributions of resolved compounds on two dimensional chromatograms. Group 1 is composed mainly of normal and branched alkanes, isoprenoid alkanes and monocyclic alkanes; Group 2 comprises primarily terpanes ranging from two to five rings, and Group 3 is dominated by monoaromatic hydrocarbons such as tetralins and monoaromatic steranes. In addition, the UCM is source dependent and varies between oil populations. i.e., the UCM of petroleum derived from Precambrian and Early Paleozoic marine, Eocene saline/brackish and freshwater source rocks is specifically rich in higher homologues of A-norsteranes, series of 1,1,3-trimethyl-2-alkylcyclohexanes（carotenoid-derived alkanes）, and tetralin and indane compounds, respectively.
基金Supported by Key Technologies R&D Programme(Grant No.2004BA616A02-04-02-01)
文摘By aid of gas chromatogram/mass spectrometry(GC-MS),the distributions and the compositions of biomarkers in a set of sequentially biodegraded oils from Liaohe Basin,China,have been quantitatively analyzed,and it has been found that during the biodegradation process of crude oils,the molecular maturity parameters such as Ts/Tm,homohopane C3122S/(22S+22R)and sterane C2920S/(20S+20R)ratios will be affected to different extent.The results show that except homohopane C3122S/(22S+22R)ratio,Ts/Tm ratio will decrease with increasing biodegradation,but for C2920S/(20S+20R)ratio,it will almost remain constant in slightly and moderately biodegraded oils,and then will increase quickly in severely biodegraded oils.The main reason is that there are some differences in the ability of resistant biodegradation for different isomer of biomarkers with different stereo configuration,resulting in the fact that destroying rate by bacteria for those biomarkers with weak ability will be higher than those with strong ability in resistant biodegradation.For example,18α(H)-22,29,30-trisnorhopanes(Ts)will be destroyed more quickly than 17α(H)-22,29,30-trisnorshopanres(Tm),and 20R isomer is more quickly than 20S isomer for C29 sterane,resulting in the relative ratios changed with increasing biodegradation.Therefore,much more attention should be paid to the biodegradation extent of crude oils and the type of biomarker maturity indicators,when the distributions and the compositions of biomarkers in biodegraded oils are used to determine the maturity of biodegraded oils.
基金Supported by Key Technologies R&D Programme(Grant No.2004BA616A02-04-02-01)
文摘By the aid of GC-MS technique,a series of sequentially biodegraded oils from Liaohe Basin have been analyzed.The results show that the concentrations and relative compositions of various aromatic compounds in the biodegraded crude oils will change with increasing biodegradation degree.The concentrations of alkyl naphthalenes,alkyl phenanthrenes,alkyl dibenzothiophene are decreased,and the concentration of triaromatic steroids will increase with increasing biodegradation degree in biodegraded oils.Those phenomena indicate that various aromatic compounds are more easily biodegraded by bacteria like other kinds of hydrocarbons such as alkanes,but different series of aromatic compounds have a varied ability to resistant to biodegradation.The ratios of dibenzothiophene to phenenthrene(DBTH/P)and methyl dibenzothiophene to methyl phenanthrene(MDBTH/MP)are related to the features of depositional environment for source rocks such as redox and ancient salinity.However,in biodegraded oils,the two ratios increase quickly with the increase of the biodegradation degree,indicating that they have lost their geochemical significance.In this case,they could not be used to evaluate the features of depositional environment.Methyl phenanthrene index,methyl phenanthrene ratio and methyl dibenzoyhiophene ratio are useful aromatic maturity indicators for the crude oils and the source rocks without vitrinite.But for biodegraded oils,those aromatic maturity indicators will be affected by biodegradation and decrease with the increase of the biodegradation degree.Therefore,those aromatic molecular maturity indicators could not be used for biodegraded oils.
基金supported by the Wencheng County Science and Technology Plan Project(2023NKY03)Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(Grant Number CARS-24-B04,CARS-23-B05)Additional support was provided by Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(Vegetables),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China.
文摘To address the issue of residual pollution caused by polyethylene mulch,this study explored the effects of different mulching methods on the soil environment of the yam field,as well as on yam yield and quality.The experiment comprised six treatments in total:one non-mulched treatment served as the control(CK),along with five different film-mulched treatments,namely PE,FZS12,FZS15,FC12,and FC15.The degradation of these films and their effects on soil physicochemical properties,microbial community,yam yield and quality were compared.The results showed that the FZS12 treatment achieved grade 5 degradation by the end of the planting period.Compared with PE treatment,the total soluble sugar content and yield of yam treated with FZS12 were significantly increased by 35.78%and 74.97%,respectively(p<0.05).Compared with CK and PE treatments,FZS12 significantly increased soil available nitrogen by 31.62%and 6.20%,respectively(p<0.05),and significantly increased soil available phosphorus by 8.58%and 4.45%,respectively(p<0.05).Soil pH,available nitrogen,and available phosphorus were the main environmental factors affecting the soil bacterial community.The FZS12 treatment significantly increased the relative abundances of soil bacteria phylum including Acidobacteriota,Myxococcota,Patescibacteria,and Proteobacteria compared with the CK and PE treatments.Functional prediction using Picrust2 revealed that the FZS12 treatment had significantly higher levels of signal transduction and amino acid metabolism than the CK and PE treatments.In conclusion,covering with 12μm PBAT/PLA humic acid biodegradable film enhances yam yield and total soluble sugar content by shaping beneficial soil microbial communities,activating soil nutrients.
文摘Biobased biodegradable plastics have gained increasing attention as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based materials in food packaging,offering biodegradability,renewability,and reduced environmental impact.This review adopts a narrative review approach,integrating studies published between 2015 and 2025 from major databases to critically evaluate the recent advances,feasibility,and limitations of biobased biodegradable plastics in food packaging.Literature was thematically analyzed by material type and functional enhancement to assess their feasibility and limitations for sustainable packaging applications.Recent advances have focused on enhancing their mechanical,barrier,and functional properties through polymer blending,nanoparticle reinforcement,and incorporation of natural bioactive agents.Starch-based bioplastics,derived from renewable sources such as corn and cassava,have been improved by blending with polylactic acid(PLA)or polybutylene succinate(PBS)and reinforcing with nanocellulose or silica to enhance flexibility,strength,and thermal stability.Incorporating plant extracts and polyphenols has added antioxidant and antimicrobial functions.PLA-based films have benefited from nanoparticle fillers like zinc oxide and lignin nanoparticles,and the integration of bioactive compounds such as tea polyphenols and hop extract has enabled multifunctional,intelligent packaging with controlled release and UV protection.Polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs),producedmicrobially,have been functionalizedwith tannins,ferulic acid,and other natural agents to achieve high antioxidant,antibacterial,and UV-blocking performance,while multilayer coatings have improved moisture and gas resistance.PBS composites have been enhanced using nanofillers like silver or magnesium oxide and natural additives such as quercetin and essential oils,thereby improving durability and bioactivity.Emerging materials,including chitosan-,protein-,and polysaccharide-based films,show excellent film-forming ability and compatibility with natural antimicrobials;smart systems with pH-sensing and UV-shielding functions further extend food shelf life.Despite remaining challenges such as cost,moisture sensitivity,limited scalability,and potential competition with food resources,recent progress demonstrates that biobased biodegradable plastics hold strong potential to advance sustainable,high-performance food packaging,particularly when waste is valorized.Future research should focus on improving the cost-effectiveness,scalability,and moisture resistance of biobased biodegradable plastics,while advancing waste-derived feedstocks,multifunctional smart packaging,and comprehensive life cycle assessments to ensure sustainable and practical food packaging solutions.
文摘Microplastics,resulting from human activities,are widespread environmental contaminants that threaten both ecosystems and human health.These particles,less than 5 mm in size,are found in air,soil,and water,originating from industrial waste and everyday plastic products.They come in various shapes,sizes,and colors,with primary and secondary microplastics formed through degradation processes.Microplastics have entered the food chain,affecting all trophic levels,with detrimental effects on organisms such as plankton,fish,and corals.Research on microplastics is hindered by methodological biases and sampling inconsistencies,which impact the reliability and comparability of data,as different techniques often yield varying results.Current degradation methods,including bioremediation and filtration,show potential but remain limited.Detecting microplastics is challenging due to their small size,though advanced techniques like morphological and analytical analyses,particularly in fish guts,aid detection.Targeted studies on microplastic levels in aquatic species are crucial,and the development of biodegradable alternatives is essential to mitigate their long-term environmental impact.
基金funded by CSIR-TWAS Postdoctoral Fellowship grand number FR 3240316961.
文摘This study aims to synthesise,characterise and evaluate the performance characteristics of packaging films based on biodegradable natural resources incorporated with nanoparticles.Particularly,it is focused on the valorisation of the fibers from the underexploited Lonchocarpus cyanescens plant fromWest Africa as raw renewable lignocellulosebiomassmaterial source for the productionof carboxymethylcellulose(CMC).To this end,biodegradable films were prepared from CMC derived from the fibers of the Lonchocarpus cyanescens plant,and collagen.In order to improve the properties of these films,in particular their mechanical and humidity resistance and their ability to fight microbes,silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs),titanium dioxide nanoparticles(TiO2 NPs),as well as heterostructure Ag@TiO2 nanocomposite were incorporated.The different products obtained were characterised by differentmethods,including DLS,UV-VIS,SEM,contact angle,UTM,absorption and antimicrobial activity tests.The results show that the hybrid biocomposite films exhibit good mechanical properties,improved moisture resistance,and a significant antimicrobial effect against certain pathogenic bacteria.In particular,the synergy between Ag and TiO_(2) nanoparticles in the heterostructure Ag@TiO_(2) nanocomposite optimized the performance characteristics of the packaging films,particularly in terms of mechanical properties with a maximum stress of 38.77 MPa and a strain of 9%,low water absorption reaching 50% at 48 h,improved hydrophobic behaviorwith contact angle of 87°,and antimicrobial resistance compared with the control film without nanoparticles.This work highlights the valorisation of an underexploitedWest African local plant and contributes to the search for sustainable solutions for food packaging.
文摘Pretreatment of Low-Density Polyethylene(LDPE)with physicochemical methods before biodegradation has been demonstrated as an effective strategy.The pretreatment of LDPE exhibited alterations in molecular structure,reducing hydrophobicity and decreasing tensile strength.Additionally,pretreating LDPE enhanced microbial biodegradability to improve biofilm formation and significantly reduced the physical weight of LDPE film.AS3–8 consortia exhibited a maximum weight loss of 8.0%±0.5%after 45 days of incubation.While Bacillus sp.AS3 and Sphingobacterium sp.AS8 demonstrated LDPE weight loss of 5.03%±1.6%and 1.6%±0.5%,respectively.The structure of LDPE was altered after incubation with the bacterial strains,resulting in a reduction in the intensity of functional groups,including C=O,C=C,N–H,and C–N.The carbonyl index(CI)of LDPE also decreased by 7.17%after the consortia AS3–8 degradation.Consortia AS3–8 significantly impacted the physical properties of LDPE by reducing the water contact angle(WCA),decreasing to 64.21°±3.69°,and tensile strength(TS),decreasing to 17.97±0.3 MPa.Moreover,the esterase activity was measured through 45 days of incubation.SDS-PAGE analysis of the AS3–8 consortia revealed bands at 35,48,and 70 kDa molecular weights,similar to known enzymes like laccase and esterase.Furthermore,SEM observations showed rough,cracked surfaces on pretreated LDPE,with biofilms present after incubation with the bacterial strains.GC–MS analysis revealed that AS3–8 consortia produced depolymerized chemicals,including alkanes,aldehydes,and esters.The LDPE biodegradation pathway was elucidated.This study addresses critical knowledge gaps in improving plastic degradation efficiency.
文摘Transient electromagnetic methods are increasingly adopted for field investigation of oil pollution because they provide rapid,non-invasive imaging of subsurface electrical conductivity across depths relevant to vadose-zone impacts,groundwater plumes,and coastal transition zones.This review synthesizes recent advances that have expanded TEM(Transient Electromagnetic Method)’s environmental applicability,including higher dynamic range receivers,multi-moment acquisition that improves shallow-to-deep sensitivity,and diversified deployment platforms spanning ground,mobile/towed,airborne,and coastal/marine configurations,with emerging UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)options for constrained access.We emphasize the electrical and geochemical basis of hydrocarbon-related signatures,showing why fresh releases may appear resistive through NAPL(Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid)displacement of conductive pore water,whereas aged contamination often produces conductive responses driven by biodegradation,redox evolution,and elevated ionic strength.Because these responses are non-unique and can be confounded by clay-rich lithology,salinity gradients,temperature variability,and cultural infrastructure,contemporary interpretation has shifted toward process-consistent conceptual site models and uncertainty-aware products that communicate depth of investigation and resolution limits.A thematic synthesis of field applications indicates TEM is most reliable for mapping hydrogeological architecture,delineating plausible plume corridors,prioritizing intrusive sampling,and supporting monitoring where repeatability and background variability are controlled.The review concludes that TEM delivers the greatest decision value when integrated in a weight-of-evidence framework with hydrogeology,geochemistry,and targeted ground truth,and it highlights future needs in standardized reporting,robust time-lapse appraisal,and stronger petrophysical links to hydrocarbon transformation.
基金supported by the funding from Wuhan Institute of Technology to Dr.Siyue Li(Nos.24QD26 and 21QD02).
文摘Aquatic plants have been widely used for lake ecological restoration.The effect of aquatic plants on lake biogeochemical cycling has been investigated intensively,however,plants’effect on biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)is rarely studied.Here we designed an indoor incubation experiment to explore the priming effect(PE)of aquatic plant leaching solution on DOC in shallow lakes,referring to as the input of active dissolved organic matter(DOM)that would arouse changes in the degradation rate of original refractory DOM.Waters from 20 urban lakes of different tropic states were incubated to study their PE on DOC by adding leaching solutions from two submerged freshwater plants,Hydrilla(H)and Vallisneria(V).The study showed a clear influence of aquatic plants on PE with varying directions and intensities.The H incubation group showed a PE range of-6.19%–9.79%,with an average of 2.15%±2.70%,whereas the V incubation group exhibited a PE range of-10.03%to 3.60%,with an average of-0.65%±3.11%.The positive and negative PEs by the two plant species indicate a key role of plants over trophic states on organic carbon dynamics in freshwater lakes.From the perspective of plant leaching input,our results reveal that planting aquatic plants whose leaching solution can reduce PE like V could be used to enhance carbon storage and constrain carbon emission.
基金financially supported by the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2023ME181)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52305313)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2023JJ40553 and 2023JJ60433)。
文摘Biodegradable metals(BMs)have shown significant potential for applications in the field of orthopedic implants.These materials gradually degrade after implantation,eventually disappear without residue,provide necessary mechanical support during degradation,and closely integrate with bone tissues.Fe-based BMs are particularly notable for their good mechanical properties and biocompatibility.However,their slow degradation rate is a limitation.The emergence of Mn-incorporated Fe-based alloys(Fe-Mn alloys)offers the possibilities for addressing issues of slow degradation rate and incompatibility of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for Fe alloys.This review summarizes the advantages of Fe-Mn alloys as orthopedic implants,and the cutting-edge advances in degradation,mechanical and magnetic properties,and osteogenic performance.The cytotoxicity issue is addressed for the porous structured Fe-Mn alloys caused by the enrichment of manganese ions,and thus the main challenge and the development are involved for the Fe-Mn alloys to achieve a balance among biocompatibility,structure,and degradation rate.Also the perspectives are proposed for Fe-Mn alloys as orthopedic implants.
基金the financial support provided by Universiti Putra Malaysiasupported by the Matching Grant(9300489).
文摘This review draws attention to the innovative use of arrowroot(Maranta arundinacea)fiber as a unique and underutilized biomass source for nanocrystalline cellulose(NCC)-based nanocomposites,presenting a noteworthy alternative to extensively researched materials like wood pulp,bacterial cellulose,and chemically modified NCCs.In contrast to traditional sources,arrowroot possesses a naturally elevated cellulose and diminished lignin content,facilitating more effective NCC extraction requiring reduced chemical input and enabling environmentally friendly processing techniques.The review evaluates the performance of arrowroot-derived nanocomposites against systems documented in the literature,including NCC-based shape memory composites and nanoparticle-reinforced films,demonstrating enhanced tensile strength,improved moisture barrier properties,and thermal stability,as well as potential piezoelectric response.This study recognizes arrowroot as a viable option in the biomass-based nanocellulose sector,providing ecological and functional benefits while tackling significant issues such as process scalability and feedstock variability,thereby offering important insights for the advancement of sustainable materials.
基金Project(52401064)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(24B0172)supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department,ChinaProject(XDCX2024Y273)supported by the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Xiangtan University,China。
文摘Zn-Mn alloys are regarded as promising biodegradable metals for orthopedic applications owing to their moderate degradation rates and favorable osteogenic properties.However,the presence of a substantial number of second-phase particles in Zn-based alloys might induce severe localized degradation via micro-coupling corrosion,thereby compromising the mechanical integrity of the alloy during in vivo tissue regeneration.In this study,high pressure solid solution(HPSS)treatment was conducted at 5 GPa and 380℃ for 1 h to fabricate Zn-0.5 Mn alloys.Microstructural characterization revealed that the HPSS treatment facilitated the formation of a supersaturated solid solution by completely dissolving theζ-MnZn_(13) phase into theα-Zn matrix.The resultant strengthening mechanisms,including supersaturated solid solution strengthening,grain-size strengthening,and dislocation strengthening,collectively enhanced the compressive yield strength(σ_(cys))of the Zn-0.5 Mn alloy to about 183.7 MPa,approximately three times that of the as-cast(AC)Zn-0.5 Mn alloy.Moreover,compared with the AC alloy,the HPSS Zn-0.5 Mn alloy exhibited uniform degradation behavior with a markedly reduced degradation rate.
基金Projects(52571276,52275395,U24A20120,52475362)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2025JJ30015)supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China+3 种基金Project(2023RC3046)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2023YFB4605800)supported by National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2023CXQD023)supported by the Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Programme,ChinaProject supported by the State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance,Central South University,China。
文摘Zn's natural degradability and biocompatibility make it a promising candidate for implants,however,its mechanical properties remain insufficient for bone applications.In this study,the performance of Zn was enhanced by developing Zn-Cu alloys via laser powder bed fusion(LPBF).Optimal LPBF parameters for forming stable tracks were achieved by adjusting laser power and scanning speed.Under optimized conditions of 100 W and 100 mm/s,high density(99.58%)Zn-Cu alloys with improved hardness(68.2 HV)and yield strength(160 MPa)were achieved.These improvements are attributed to solid solution strengthening,segregation strengthening,and grain refinement.The Zn-Cu alloys also demonstrated favorable degradation behavior,with a rate of 0.16 mm/year.This degradation is primarily driven by micro-galvanic corrosion between the CuZn 5 phase and Zn matrix,along with refined grains and increased grain boundary density.This work demonstrates a viable strategy for fabricating Zn-based implants with enhanced structural integrity and mechanical performance via LPBF.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFC3203403,2022YFC3203401)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.226-2023-00057).
文摘The management and treatment of cabin-washing wastewater has received increasing attention in China.To improve the anaerobic degradation of benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylenes(BTEX) in cabin-washing wastewater,the addition of iron-carbon composite was adopted to enhance the efficiency of anaerobic digestion by facilitating direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET).The preparation of iron-carbon composite was optimized and its effects on BTEX removal and methanogenic performance were then investigated.The results showed that the iron-carbon composite facilitated the hydrolysis and acidification process.The toluene removal rate was improved by 69.9 %,and the cumulative methane yield was enhanced by 90.5 % under the optimized condition of pyrolysis temperature of 600℃,Fe/C mass ratio of 1.0 and dosage of 2.5 g/L.Furthermore,both extracellular electron transfer(EET) and intracellular electron transfer(IET) were found enhanced,and the aromatic compound-degrading bacteria was enriched by iron-carbon composite.The enhanced anaerobic degradation of BTEX by iron-carbon composite provided a novel means for the removal of BTEX from cabin-washing wastewater.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory(Nos.2022QNLM030004-3,LSKJ202203103)the NSFC Innovative Group Grant(No.42221005)+5 种基金the Key Collaborative Research Program of the Alliance of International Science Organizations(No.ANSO-CR-KP-2022-08)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2021ZD28)the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation(No.92351301)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA22050301)the Taishan Scholars Program(No.tstp20230637)the Qingdao Natural Science Foundation(No.23-2-1-182-zyyd-jch)。
文摘With the increasing accumulation of plastic pollutants in various environments,research on microorganisms(including bacteria,fungi,and algae)with plastic degradation capabilities has gained significant attention.However,only a limited number of microbial plastic-degrading enzymes have been identified to date.This highlights that the degradation mechanisms employed by many plastic-degrading microorganisms,particularly filamentous fungi,remain insufficiently explored.In this study,we utilized a versatile fungal plasmid(pCT74)to express green fluorescent protein(GFP)in a marine-derived fungus Alternaria alternata strain FB1 with plastic degradation capabilities.Upon evaluating the degradation effect of polyester-type polyurethane(PU)film,we observed that different transformants exhibited three kinds of activities(the same,reduced,or enhanced degradation capability)compared to the FB1 wild-type strain.Further analysis of the plasmid fragment insertion sites in different transformants revealed that pCT74 integrates randomly into the genome of the host fungus.Notably,a direct correlation was found between the plasmid insertion site and the degradation capability of the corresponding transformant.Our findings not only redefine the potential applications of plasmid pCT74 in filamentous fungi but also show a novel research approach to identifying key enzymes involved in plastic degradation by fungi.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Projects of Changji Prefecture(No.2023112258)Shihezi Coal Chemical Industry Common Technology Research Institute Project(No.MGJY0104)the Program for Young Innovative Talents of Shihezi University(No.CXFZ202302).
文摘In this study,a series of poly(ethylene succinate)-b-poly(butylene carbonate)(PES-b-PBC)multiblock copolymers were prepared through the chain-extension reaction of hydroxyl-terminated PES(PES-OH)and hydroxyl-terminated PBC(PBC-OH)prepolymers with 1,6-hexmethylene diisocyanate(HDI)as a chain extender.The effects of the prepolymer molecular weight and content on the structure and application properties of the PES-b-PBC copolymers were systematically investigated using various techniques.It was found that the compatibility of PES and PBC blocks in PES-b-PBC copolymers can be greatly enhanced by lowering the length of the prepolymers,and the amorphous phase of the PES and PBC chain segments in the PES-b-PBC copolymer would transform from immiscibility and partial miscibility to miscibility when the number-average molecular weight(M_(n))of the PES-OH and PBC-OH prepolymers is less than 2000 g/mol.Only the crystal structure of bare PES can be observed in the wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD)spectrum of the PES-b-PBC copolymers,but their crystallinity degrees were found to decrease with increasing PBC fraction.The thermal behavior,crystallization performance,rheological properties,mechanical properties,and degradation properties of the PES-b-PBC multiblock copolymers can be easily modulated by altering the block length and composition of the prepolymers,offering potential applications in biodegradable materials.
