The hollow inverse CeO2/CuO@SiO2 catalysts with different Ce/Cu mass ratios were synthesized by the two-step hydrothermal and incipient wetness impregnation methods,and characterized by multitechnique characterization...The hollow inverse CeO2/CuO@SiO2 catalysts with different Ce/Cu mass ratios were synthesized by the two-step hydrothermal and incipient wetness impregnation methods,and characterized by multitechnique characterizations,such as SEM,TEM,XRD,H2-TPR,XPS and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques.It is found that the hollow shell is composed of CuO and SiO2,and CeO2 nanoparticles are coated on the surface of CuO@SiO2 support.And the CeO2/CuO@SiO2 catalyst with the Ce/Cu mass ratios of 1:1 denoted as 1 CeO2/CuO@SiO2,which possesses a maximum amount of highly dispersed copper species and medium-sized CuO as well as the highest concentration of oxygen vacancies,exhibits the highest catalytic activity and widest full CO conversion window.The barrier effect of the SiO2 shell effectively prevents the reduction of CuO species,which broadens temperature window of CO total conversion and enhances CO2 selectivity above 155℃over the 1 CeO2/CuO@SiO2 catalyst in comparison with the CuO-CeO2 and CeO2-CuO catalysts.展开更多
After the experimental research on the barrier effect of PTFE membrane on malodorous gases,it was found that PTFE membrane had good gas permeability,and the barrier effect on malodorous gases NH3 and H2S was poor. Aft...After the experimental research on the barrier effect of PTFE membrane on malodorous gases,it was found that PTFE membrane had good gas permeability,and the barrier effect on malodorous gases NH3 and H2S was poor. After a layer of water film was formed on PTFE membrane,it had an obvious barrier effect on malodorous gases NH3 and H2S.展开更多
In order to reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of calcium impurity,the interaction of Ca and rare earth Y co-doping on the preparation of WC-Co cemented carbides was investigated.X-ray diffraction,scanning electr...In order to reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of calcium impurity,the interaction of Ca and rare earth Y co-doping on the preparation of WC-Co cemented carbides was investigated.X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were employed to analyze the phase compositions,particle sizes and morphologies of them,respectively.The results show that the second type of"yttrium barrier effect"is observed and the adverse influence of Ca-rich phase on tungsten powder can be eliminated by it.The flexural strength and fracture toughness of YG6-0.01%Ca+0.09%Y alloy are 2199.5 MPa and 11.49 MPa·m^(1/2),showing improvement of 6.5% and 2.7% compared to YG6 alloy,respectively.The evolutions of Ca-rich phase and Y-rich phase at the every alloy preparation stage of WO_(3),W,WC and cemented carbides are obtained.Furthermore,the strengthening mechanism of WC-Co cemented carbide with co-addition of Ca and Y is proposed.展开更多
ABSTRACT In this paper, interannual variations in the barrier layer thickness （BLT） are analyzed using Argo three-dimensional temperature and salinity data, with a locus on the effects of interannually varying sali...ABSTRACT In this paper, interannual variations in the barrier layer thickness （BLT） are analyzed using Argo three-dimensional temperature and salinity data, with a locus on the effects of interannually varying salinity on the evolution of the El Nifio Southern Oscillation （ENSO）. The interannually varying BLT exhibits a zonal seesaw pattern across the equatorial Pacific during ENSO cycles. This phenomenon has been attributed to two different physical processes. During E1 Nifio （La Nifia）, the barrier layer （BL） is anomalously thin （thick） west of about 160°E, and thick （thin） to the east. In the western equatorial Pacific （the western part： 130°-160°E）, interannual variations of the BLT indicate a lead of one year relative to those of the ENSO onset. The interannual variations of the BLT can be largely attributed to the interannual temperature variability, through its dominant effect on the isothermal layer depth （ILD）. However, in the central equatorial Pacific （the eastern part： 160~E- 170~W）, interannual variations of the BL almost synchronously vary with ENSO, with a lead of about two months relative to those of the local SST. In this region, the interannual variations of the BL are significantly affected by the interannually varying salinity, mainly through its modulation effect on the mixed layer depth （MLD）. As evaluated by a onedimensional boundary layer ocean model, the BL around the dateline induced by interannual salinity anomalies can significantly affect the temperature fields in the upper ocean, indicating a positive feedback that acts to enhance ENSO.展开更多
A new analytical model to describe the drain-induced barrier lowering （DIBL） effect has been obtained by solving the two-dimensional （2D） Poisson＇s equation for the dual-channel 4H-SiC MESFET （DCFET）. Using thi...A new analytical model to describe the drain-induced barrier lowering （DIBL） effect has been obtained by solving the two-dimensional （2D） Poisson＇s equation for the dual-channel 4H-SiC MESFET （DCFET）. Using this analytical model, we calculate the threshold voltage shift and the sub-threshold slope factor of the DCFET, which characterize the DIBL effect. The results show that they are significantly dependent on the drain bias, gate length as well as the thickness and doping concentration of the two channel layers. Based on this analytical model, the structure parameters of the DCFET have been optimized in order to suppress the DIBL effect and improve the performance.展开更多
Gallium oxide(Ga_2O_3), a typical ultra wide bandgap semiconductor, with a bandgap of ~4.9 e V, critical breakdown field of 8 MV/cm, and Baliga's figure of merit of 3444, is promising to be used in high-power and ...Gallium oxide(Ga_2O_3), a typical ultra wide bandgap semiconductor, with a bandgap of ~4.9 e V, critical breakdown field of 8 MV/cm, and Baliga's figure of merit of 3444, is promising to be used in high-power and high-voltage devices.Recently, a keen interest in employing Ga_2O_3 in power devices has been aroused. Many researches have verified that Ga_2O_3 is an ideal candidate for fabricating power devices. In this review, we summarized the recent progress of field-effect transistors(FETs) and Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs) based on Ga_2O_3, which may provide a guideline for Ga_2O_3 to be preferably used in power devices fabrication.展开更多
This paper reports that Ni and Ti/4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes （SBDs） were fabricated and irradiated with 1 MeV electrons up to a dose of 3.43 × 10^14 e/cm2. After radiation, the Schottky barrier height φB o...This paper reports that Ni and Ti/4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes （SBDs） were fabricated and irradiated with 1 MeV electrons up to a dose of 3.43 × 10^14 e/cm2. After radiation, the Schottky barrier height φB of the Ni/4H-SiC SBD increased from 1.20 eV to 1.21 eV, but decreased from 0.95 eV to 0.94 eV for the Ti/4H-SiC SBD. The degradation of φB could be explained by interface states of changed Schottky contacts. The on-state resistance Rs of both diodes increased with the dose, which can be ascribed to the radiation defects. The reverse current of the Ni/4H-SiC SBD slightly increased, but for the Ti/4H-SiC SBD it basically remained the same. At room temperature, φB of the diodes recovered completely after one week, and the RS partly recovered.展开更多
The skin is a formidable physical and biological barrier which communicates continuously with the outside of the body. And the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of human epidermis, plays a central role in the inter...The skin is a formidable physical and biological barrier which communicates continuously with the outside of the body. And the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of human epidermis, plays a central role in the interaction between the cutaneous tissue and the external environment. The horny layer, and more generally the whole skin layers, avoid the penetration of harmful exogenous agents, produce molecules named anti-microbial peptides which impact the composition of the cutaneous microbiota, regulate the internal corporal temperature, avoid the water loss from the inside of the body and constitute an incredible efficient anti-oxidant network. Nevertheless, nowadays, the skin is more and more solicited by the different elements of the cutaneous exposome, including atmospheric pollution and solar radiations, which can cause a dramatic acceleration of the skin ageing process. As a consequence, due to the multifunctional protective role of the skin, during the recent decade the cosmetic industry invested massively in the development of new raw materials and end-products (dermo-cosmetics) able to preserve an optimal state of the skin regarding the external environment. Based on their physical-chemical properties thermal spring waters, which are extremely rich in inorganics ions, are interesting and powerful candidates to be part, as integral component, of new efficient dermo-cosmetic formulations dedicated to protect the skin from the external stimuli. The aim of the present work was to investigate and characterize the activity of Jonzac thermal spring water on the skin. Using different models, we proved for the first time that Jonzac thermal spring water reinforces the barrier function of the skin by modulating the expression of key markers including filaggrin and human beta defensin 2 on ex vivo human skin. The ex vivo and in vivo hydration activity, by Raman spectroscopy and corneometry respectively, has been also demonstrated. We have also shown that Jonzac thermal spring water ameliorates significantly the cutaneous microrelief in vivo. To conclude, we characterize the soothing effect of Jonzac thermal spring water by the analysis of histamine release in Substance P treated skin explants and by measuring the redness of the skin following UV exposure of the skin in vivo. We observed that both parameters decreased following a preventive treatment of the skin with Jonzac thermal spring water. Taken together our results indicate that Jonzac thermal spring water is a promising and powerful dermo-cosmetic which can be used to preserve an optimal state of the cutaneous tissue.展开更多
A new analytical model to describe the drain-induced barrier lowering(DIBL) effect has been obtained by solving the two-dimensional(2D) Poisson’s equation for the dual-channel 4H-SiC MESFET(DCFET).Using this analytic...A new analytical model to describe the drain-induced barrier lowering(DIBL) effect has been obtained by solving the two-dimensional(2D) Poisson’s equation for the dual-channel 4H-SiC MESFET(DCFET).Using this analytical model,we calculate the threshold voltage shift and the sub-threshold slope factor of the DCFET,which characterize the DIBL effect.The results show that they are significantly dependent on the drain bias,gate length as well as the thickness and doping concentration of the two channel layers.Based on this analytical model,the structure parameters of the DCFET have been optimized in order to suppress the DIBL effect and improve the performance.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21466024)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2018MS02020,2018BS02008)
文摘The hollow inverse CeO2/CuO@SiO2 catalysts with different Ce/Cu mass ratios were synthesized by the two-step hydrothermal and incipient wetness impregnation methods,and characterized by multitechnique characterizations,such as SEM,TEM,XRD,H2-TPR,XPS and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques.It is found that the hollow shell is composed of CuO and SiO2,and CeO2 nanoparticles are coated on the surface of CuO@SiO2 support.And the CeO2/CuO@SiO2 catalyst with the Ce/Cu mass ratios of 1:1 denoted as 1 CeO2/CuO@SiO2,which possesses a maximum amount of highly dispersed copper species and medium-sized CuO as well as the highest concentration of oxygen vacancies,exhibits the highest catalytic activity and widest full CO conversion window.The barrier effect of the SiO2 shell effectively prevents the reduction of CuO species,which broadens temperature window of CO total conversion and enhances CO2 selectivity above 155℃over the 1 CeO2/CuO@SiO2 catalyst in comparison with the CuO-CeO2 and CeO2-CuO catalysts.
文摘After the experimental research on the barrier effect of PTFE membrane on malodorous gases,it was found that PTFE membrane had good gas permeability,and the barrier effect on malodorous gases NH3 and H2S was poor. After a layer of water film was formed on PTFE membrane,it had an obvious barrier effect on malodorous gases NH3 and H2S.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51564036,52164043)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(2002BAB204013)the Key Research and Development Program of Science and Technology Deprtment of Jiangxi Province(20192BBE50034)。
文摘In order to reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of calcium impurity,the interaction of Ca and rare earth Y co-doping on the preparation of WC-Co cemented carbides was investigated.X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were employed to analyze the phase compositions,particle sizes and morphologies of them,respectively.The results show that the second type of"yttrium barrier effect"is observed and the adverse influence of Ca-rich phase on tungsten powder can be eliminated by it.The flexural strength and fracture toughness of YG6-0.01%Ca+0.09%Y alloy are 2199.5 MPa and 11.49 MPa·m^(1/2),showing improvement of 6.5% and 2.7% compared to YG6 alloy,respectively.The evolutions of Ca-rich phase and Y-rich phase at the every alloy preparation stage of WO_(3),W,WC and cemented carbides are obtained.Furthermore,the strengthening mechanism of WC-Co cemented carbide with co-addition of Ca and Y is proposed.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2012CB955202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41176014)
文摘ABSTRACT In this paper, interannual variations in the barrier layer thickness （BLT） are analyzed using Argo three-dimensional temperature and salinity data, with a locus on the effects of interannually varying salinity on the evolution of the El Nifio Southern Oscillation （ENSO）. The interannually varying BLT exhibits a zonal seesaw pattern across the equatorial Pacific during ENSO cycles. This phenomenon has been attributed to two different physical processes. During E1 Nifio （La Nifia）, the barrier layer （BL） is anomalously thin （thick） west of about 160°E, and thick （thin） to the east. In the western equatorial Pacific （the western part： 130°-160°E）, interannual variations of the BLT indicate a lead of one year relative to those of the ENSO onset. The interannual variations of the BLT can be largely attributed to the interannual temperature variability, through its dominant effect on the isothermal layer depth （ILD）. However, in the central equatorial Pacific （the eastern part： 160~E- 170~W）, interannual variations of the BL almost synchronously vary with ENSO, with a lead of about two months relative to those of the local SST. In this region, the interannual variations of the BL are significantly affected by the interannually varying salinity, mainly through its modulation effect on the mixed layer depth （MLD）. As evaluated by a onedimensional boundary layer ocean model, the BL around the dateline induced by interannual salinity anomalies can significantly affect the temperature fields in the upper ocean, indicating a positive feedback that acts to enhance ENSO.
基金Project supported by the Pre-research Foundation from the National Ministries and Commissions of China （Grant No. 51308030201）.
文摘A new analytical model to describe the drain-induced barrier lowering （DIBL） effect has been obtained by solving the two-dimensional （2D） Poisson＇s equation for the dual-channel 4H-SiC MESFET （DCFET）. Using this analytical model, we calculate the threshold voltage shift and the sub-threshold slope factor of the DCFET, which characterize the DIBL effect. The results show that they are significantly dependent on the drain bias, gate length as well as the thickness and doping concentration of the two channel layers. Based on this analytical model, the structure parameters of the DCFET have been optimized in order to suppress the DIBL effect and improve the performance.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61774019,51572033,and 51572241)the Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.SX2018-04)
文摘Gallium oxide(Ga_2O_3), a typical ultra wide bandgap semiconductor, with a bandgap of ~4.9 e V, critical breakdown field of 8 MV/cm, and Baliga's figure of merit of 3444, is promising to be used in high-power and high-voltage devices.Recently, a keen interest in employing Ga_2O_3 in power devices has been aroused. Many researches have verified that Ga_2O_3 is an ideal candidate for fabricating power devices. In this review, we summarized the recent progress of field-effect transistors(FETs) and Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs) based on Ga_2O_3, which may provide a guideline for Ga_2O_3 to be preferably used in power devices fabrication.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No 60606022)the Xian Applied Materials Foundation of China(Grant No XA-AM-200702)the Advanced Research Foundation of China(Grant No 9140A08050508)
文摘This paper reports that Ni and Ti/4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes （SBDs） were fabricated and irradiated with 1 MeV electrons up to a dose of 3.43 × 10^14 e/cm2. After radiation, the Schottky barrier height φB of the Ni/4H-SiC SBD increased from 1.20 eV to 1.21 eV, but decreased from 0.95 eV to 0.94 eV for the Ti/4H-SiC SBD. The degradation of φB could be explained by interface states of changed Schottky contacts. The on-state resistance Rs of both diodes increased with the dose, which can be ascribed to the radiation defects. The reverse current of the Ni/4H-SiC SBD slightly increased, but for the Ti/4H-SiC SBD it basically remained the same. At room temperature, φB of the diodes recovered completely after one week, and the RS partly recovered.
文摘The skin is a formidable physical and biological barrier which communicates continuously with the outside of the body. And the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of human epidermis, plays a central role in the interaction between the cutaneous tissue and the external environment. The horny layer, and more generally the whole skin layers, avoid the penetration of harmful exogenous agents, produce molecules named anti-microbial peptides which impact the composition of the cutaneous microbiota, regulate the internal corporal temperature, avoid the water loss from the inside of the body and constitute an incredible efficient anti-oxidant network. Nevertheless, nowadays, the skin is more and more solicited by the different elements of the cutaneous exposome, including atmospheric pollution and solar radiations, which can cause a dramatic acceleration of the skin ageing process. As a consequence, due to the multifunctional protective role of the skin, during the recent decade the cosmetic industry invested massively in the development of new raw materials and end-products (dermo-cosmetics) able to preserve an optimal state of the skin regarding the external environment. Based on their physical-chemical properties thermal spring waters, which are extremely rich in inorganics ions, are interesting and powerful candidates to be part, as integral component, of new efficient dermo-cosmetic formulations dedicated to protect the skin from the external stimuli. The aim of the present work was to investigate and characterize the activity of Jonzac thermal spring water on the skin. Using different models, we proved for the first time that Jonzac thermal spring water reinforces the barrier function of the skin by modulating the expression of key markers including filaggrin and human beta defensin 2 on ex vivo human skin. The ex vivo and in vivo hydration activity, by Raman spectroscopy and corneometry respectively, has been also demonstrated. We have also shown that Jonzac thermal spring water ameliorates significantly the cutaneous microrelief in vivo. To conclude, we characterize the soothing effect of Jonzac thermal spring water by the analysis of histamine release in Substance P treated skin explants and by measuring the redness of the skin following UV exposure of the skin in vivo. We observed that both parameters decreased following a preventive treatment of the skin with Jonzac thermal spring water. Taken together our results indicate that Jonzac thermal spring water is a promising and powerful dermo-cosmetic which can be used to preserve an optimal state of the cutaneous tissue.
基金Project supported by the Pre-research Foundation from the National Ministries and Commissions of China (Grant No. 51308030201)
文摘A new analytical model to describe the drain-induced barrier lowering(DIBL) effect has been obtained by solving the two-dimensional(2D) Poisson’s equation for the dual-channel 4H-SiC MESFET(DCFET).Using this analytical model,we calculate the threshold voltage shift and the sub-threshold slope factor of the DCFET,which characterize the DIBL effect.The results show that they are significantly dependent on the drain bias,gate length as well as the thickness and doping concentration of the two channel layers.Based on this analytical model,the structure parameters of the DCFET have been optimized in order to suppress the DIBL effect and improve the performance.
