Maize(Zea mays L.)is one of the world's most important staple crops,and is used for manufacturing food,feed,and industrial products.A key factor in maize yield is the grain weight,which directly influences product...Maize(Zea mays L.)is one of the world's most important staple crops,and is used for manufacturing food,feed,and industrial products.A key factor in maize yield is the grain weight,which directly influences productivity.In this study,we revealed the role of smk23 in maize kernel development.The ethyl methanesulfonate mutant smk23 is characterized by substantially reduced kernel weight.Through map-based cloning,smk23 was found to be located on Chr5 and encode a putative B-type response regulator,Zm RR5.A change from G to A occurs in the coding sequence of Zm RR5,resulting in the early termination of smk23.In Arabidopsis,B-type response regulators are involved in cytokinin signaling.Histological analysis and in situ hybridization of the mutant revealed abnormal endosperm development,particularly in the basal endosperm transfer layer(BETL),a specialized tissue critical for nutrient transport from the maternal tissues to the developing kernel.Zm RR5 positively regulates key genes involved in BETL development and function,including MRP1 and TCRR1.Furthermore,RNA sequencing revealed that several genes closely linked to BETL development,including BETL2,MEG1,and MN1,were significantly downregulated in smk23.These genes are essential for nutrient transport,tissue development and signal transduction.In addition,haploid analysis of Zm RR5 revealed natural variations(Hap 2)that may contribute to the increased kernel yield.Disruption of Zm RR5 function in smk23 leads to defects in BETL development,impairing its ability to transport nutrients,and ultimately resulting in a smaller kernel size.This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms through which Zm RR5 regulates maize kernel development and offers potential strategies for improving grain yield.展开更多
Betelvine(Piper betle L.) is cultivated for its deep green heart shaped leaf for(15-20) million Indian and 2 billion foreign consumers annually. The crop provides Rs(6 000-7 000) million of national income per year an...Betelvine(Piper betle L.) is cultivated for its deep green heart shaped leaf for(15-20) million Indian and 2 billion foreign consumers annually. The crop provides Rs(6 000-7 000) million of national income per year and at the same time leaves worth Rs(30-40) million is exported to other countries. The leaves are not only used directly for chewing purposes but also possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-cancer and anti-microbial properties. Besides, the leaves also contain eugenol rich essential oil(1%-3%) which is the source for medicine, stimulant, antiseptic, tonic and other ayurvedic formulations. The essential oil also contains chavibetol, caryophyllene and methyl eugenol which are the potent source for preparation in ayurvedic medicine and herbal products. Cost of betelvine essential oil is 10$ per 5 mL. In spite of its great economical and medicinal importance betelvine is still neglected by the researchers for proper characterization and authentication for selection of elite landraces. Lack of awareness among people, use of same planting material for many generations, existing of many synonyms for a single landraces, no proper characterization of available landraces are some of the significant constraints for its commercialization. Our review endeavours a complete advance in the research on betelvine, existing lacunae for its proper characterization and commercial cultivation. It also attempts to provide a comprehensive account on biotechnological interventions made in betelvine aimed at complementing conventional programmes for improvement of this nutraceutically important cash crop.展开更多
This study aims to elucidate the antiproliferative mechanism of hydroxychavicol(HC).Its effects on cell cycle,apoptosis,and the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)i...This study aims to elucidate the antiproliferative mechanism of hydroxychavicol(HC).Its effects on cell cycle,apoptosis,and the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)in HT-29 colon cancer cells were investigated.HC was isolated from Piper betle leaf(PBL)and verified by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The cytotoxic effects of the standard drug 5-fluorouracil(5-FU),PBL water extract,and HC on HT-29 cells were measured after 24,48,and 72 h of treatment.Cell cycle and apoptosis modulation by 5-FU and HC treatments were investigated up to 30 h.Changes in phosphorylated JNK(pJNK)and P38(pP38)MAPK expression were observed up to 18 h.The half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))values of HC(30μg/mL)and PBL water extract(380μg/mL)were achieved at 24 h,whereas the IC_(50)of 5-FU(50μmol/L)was obtained at 72 h.Cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in HC-treated cells was observed from12 h onwards.Higher apoptotic cell death in HC-treated cells compared to 5-FU-treated cells(P<0.05)was observed.High expression of pJNK and pP38 MAPK was observed at 12 h in HC-treated cells,but not in 5-FU-treated HT-29 cells(P<0.05).It is concluded that HC induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of HT-29 cells,with these actions possibly mediated by JNK and P38 MAPK.展开更多
Two new ceramides,(2S,3S,4R)-2-N-[(2 R)-2 -hydroxypentacosanoylamino]-nonacosane-1,3,4-triol(1) and(2S,3S,4R,8E)-2- N-[(2 R)-2 -hydroxytetracosanoylamino]-8-eicosylene-1,3,4-triol(2) have been isolated from the stems ...Two new ceramides,(2S,3S,4R)-2-N-[(2 R)-2 -hydroxypentacosanoylamino]-nonacosane-1,3,4-triol(1) and(2S,3S,4R,8E)-2- N-[(2 R)-2 -hydroxytetracosanoylamino]-8-eicosylene-1,3,4-triol(2) have been isolated from the stems of Piper betle L.collected from Baoshan city of Yunnan Province in China.Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods.展开更多
This paper describes the detailed anatomy and micromorphology of the vegetative parts of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (synonym, P. lolot C.DC.), which is a southeast Asian medicinal plant valued for its medicinal and culin...This paper describes the detailed anatomy and micromorphology of the vegetative parts of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (synonym, P. lolot C.DC.), which is a southeast Asian medicinal plant valued for its medicinal and culinary uses. The study also compares the anatomy of the leaf, petiole, stem and root of P. sarmentosum with those of the well-characterized P. betle L. The leaves of both the species are morphologically comparable and have similar culinary uses. The present study showed that the leaves of both the species possess more or less comparable anatomical features with a few differences;whereas, the microscopic features of the petiole, stem, and root of the two species are distinctive.展开更多
The present study, conducted during 2016 and 2017 seasons, aimed to investigate the effect of IBA on rooting of Piper betle L. stem cuttings (softwood and semi-hardwood). The experiment was undertaken in misting house...The present study, conducted during 2016 and 2017 seasons, aimed to investigate the effect of IBA on rooting of Piper betle L. stem cuttings (softwood and semi-hardwood). The experiment was undertaken in misting house field 2 UPM using the sand media to determine the adventitious roots initiation and development using the histological method. The cuttings were treated with different IBA concentrations (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/L). The nodes explants were used in the development of a protocol for in vitro propagation of P. betle L., with different concentrations of Clorox with different times of immersion (20% Clorox 10 minutes, 30% Clorox 10 minutes, 20% Clorox 20 minutes, and 30% 20 minutes). In multiplication of the plantlets, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of BAP (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L) were used to investigate the rooting of the explants. The results indicated that the types of the cuttings were different in the rooting capacity and the length of the roots. Moreover, it was found that in comparison with the control treatment, by a rise in the concentrations of the IBA, there was a significant upsurge in the rooting percentage, the root diameter, and the number of the roots. The results indicated that the types of cutting with 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/L IBA perform better in the root percentage (100%) in the semi hardwood cuttings. The best results, however, were 2000 mg/L IBA in the semi hardwood cuttings, with the number of the roots to be 35.05, and the fresh weight of the roots to be 3.94 g, the dry weight of the roots to be 0.33 g, the length of the roots to be 391.88 cm, the roots diameter to be 1.21 mm, the surface area of the roots to be 121.83 cm2, and the root volume to be 2.99 cm3. Nonetheless, the optimal concentration of Clorox with the time immersion was 20% with the 20-minute immersion time, which produced a shoot induction percentage of 30% dead explants and a mean number of 70.00 shoots per explant and the optimal concentration of benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 1.0 mg/L. It is of note that a shoot induction percentage of 22.29% and a mean number of 4.1% number of auxiliary bud per treatment. P. betle shoots in MS medium without PGR MS (0.0) yielded a good rooting.展开更多
Activators of sesquiterpene synthase(STS) gene expression and sesquiterpene production in Piper betle L. were examined using quantitative real time PCR and gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods, and the allelop...Activators of sesquiterpene synthase(STS) gene expression and sesquiterpene production in Piper betle L. were examined using quantitative real time PCR and gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods, and the allelopathic activity of untreated and Fusarium solani-treated betel extracts was tested on seed germination and on the shoot and root growth of Thai rice variety PSL2(Oryza sativa cv. Phitsanulok 2) and three dominant paddy weeds(Eclipta prostrata, Echinochloa crus-galli and Chloris barbata). The results demonstrated that F. solani dramatically upregulated STS expression and productions of β-cubebene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D sesquiterpene when compared with the untreated control, and that betel extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on weeds than on rice. The effects were more clearly detected on seed germination and root growth than on shoot growth, and they were found to be dose-dependent. It is also noted that F. solani-treated extract had stronger effects than the untreated extract. The species most sensitive to the allelopathic effects was C. barbata, germination of which was completely inhibited even at a dose of 0.1 mg/mL untreated extract. With regards to rice, although betel extract at 1.0 mg/mL showed no inhibition on germination, it affected the elongation of rice roots, in addition to those of the tested weeds. The obtained data suggested that F. solani has potential as an activator of sesquiterpene allelochemical production via STS expression, the latter leading to the treated betel extract having a stronger phytotoxic effect. These results were beneficial in the promotion of natural herbicide production using biotechnology.展开更多
The Piper betle,belonging to Piper genus of the Piperaceae family,is an evergreen and perennial creeper used in several traditional medicines.This plant has been known to possess antioxidant,antitumor,antibacterial,an...The Piper betle,belonging to Piper genus of the Piperaceae family,is an evergreen and perennial creeper used in several traditional medicines.This plant has been known to possess antioxidant,antitumor,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory and antimalarial activities.A wide range of chemical compounds including alkaloids,simple phenylpropanoids,lignans,flavonoids,steroids,triterpenoids,sesquiterpenes,monoterpenes have been isolated from this plant.The present review summarized the information concerning phytochemistry and biological activity of P.betle,providing references for the future research of this plant.展开更多
Background:Wound healing has being extensively investigated over the world.Healing impairment is caused by many reasons including increasing of free-radicals-mediated damage,delaying in granulation tissue formation,re...Background:Wound healing has being extensively investigated over the world.Healing impairment is caused by many reasons including increasing of free-radicals-mediated damage,delaying in granulation tissue formation,reducing in angiogenesis and decreasing in collagen reorganization.These facts consequently lead to chronic wound healing.Piper betle Linn(Betle)leaves have been folklore used as an ingredient of drugs for cutaneous wound treatment.However,the effect of betle leaf on wound healing is not yet well elucidated.In this study,we aimed to investigate the healing efficacy of methanol leaf extract of Piper betle Linn on proliferation of fibroblast NIH3T3 cells as well as full-thickness burn and excision wounds in swiss mice.Methods:Scratch wound healing assays were conducted to examine the effects of betle leaf extract on healing activity of fibroblast cells.Burn and excision wounds on swiss mouse skins were created for investigating the wound healing progress caused by the betle leaf extract.Malondialdehyde(MDA)was also evaluated to examine the products of lipid hydroperoxide(LPO)under conditions of with or without betle leaf extract treatment.Results:The results of this study showed that Piper betle Linn leaf extract in methanol increased proliferation of NIH3T3 cells and promoted wound healing in vitro and in vivo with both burn wound and excision wound models.In addition,this extract significant decreased level of malondialdehyde(MDA)in liver of treated-mice compared with that in non-treated mice.Conclusions:Our results suggest that Piper betle Linn can be used as an ingredient in developing natural origin drugs for treatment of cutaneous wounds.展开更多
Transcription factors play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression during maize kernel development.The maize endosperm,a large storage organ,accounting for nearly 90%of the dry weight of mature kernels,ser...Transcription factors play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression during maize kernel development.The maize endosperm,a large storage organ,accounting for nearly 90%of the dry weight of mature kernels,serves as the primary site for starch storage.In this study,we identify an endosperm-specific EREB gene,ZmEREB167,which encodes a nucleus-localized EREB protein.Knockout of ZmEREB167 significantly increases kernel size and weight,as well as starch and protein content,compared with the wild type.In situ hybridization experiments show that ZmEREB167 is highly expressed in the BETL as well as PED regions of maize kernels.Dual-luciferase assays show that ZmEREB167 exhibits transcriptionally repressor activity in maize protoplasts.Transcriptome analysis reveals that a large number of genes are up-regulated in the Zmereb167-C1 mutant compared with the wild type,including key genetic factors such as ZmMRP-1 and ZmMN1,as well as multiple transporters involved in maize endosperm development.Integration of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq results identify 68 target genes modulated by ZmEREB167.We find that ZmEREB167 directly targets OPAQUE2,ZmNRT1.1,ZmIAA12,ZmIAA19,and ZmbZIP20,repressing their expressions.Our study demonstrates that ZmEREB167 functions as a negative regulator in maize endosperm development and affects starch accumulation and kernel size.展开更多
Given the increasing commercial and clinical relevance of probiotics, improving their stress tolerance profile and ability to overcome the physiochemical defences of the host is an important biological goal. Herein, I...Given the increasing commercial and clinical relevance of probiotics, improving their stress tolerance profile and ability to overcome the physiochemical defences of the host is an important biological goal. Herein, I review the current state of the art in the design of engineered probiotic cultures, with a specific focus on their utility as therapeutics for the developing world; from the treatment of chronic and acute enteric infections, andtheir associated diarrhoeal complexes, to targeting HIV and application as novel mucosal vaccine delivery vehicles.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1200500,2022YFD1201700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071921)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(2021LZGC022)the Taishan Scholars Project。
文摘Maize(Zea mays L.)is one of the world's most important staple crops,and is used for manufacturing food,feed,and industrial products.A key factor in maize yield is the grain weight,which directly influences productivity.In this study,we revealed the role of smk23 in maize kernel development.The ethyl methanesulfonate mutant smk23 is characterized by substantially reduced kernel weight.Through map-based cloning,smk23 was found to be located on Chr5 and encode a putative B-type response regulator,Zm RR5.A change from G to A occurs in the coding sequence of Zm RR5,resulting in the early termination of smk23.In Arabidopsis,B-type response regulators are involved in cytokinin signaling.Histological analysis and in situ hybridization of the mutant revealed abnormal endosperm development,particularly in the basal endosperm transfer layer(BETL),a specialized tissue critical for nutrient transport from the maternal tissues to the developing kernel.Zm RR5 positively regulates key genes involved in BETL development and function,including MRP1 and TCRR1.Furthermore,RNA sequencing revealed that several genes closely linked to BETL development,including BETL2,MEG1,and MN1,were significantly downregulated in smk23.These genes are essential for nutrient transport,tissue development and signal transduction.In addition,haploid analysis of Zm RR5 revealed natural variations(Hap 2)that may contribute to the increased kernel yield.Disruption of Zm RR5 function in smk23 leads to defects in BETL development,impairing its ability to transport nutrients,and ultimately resulting in a smaller kernel size.This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms through which Zm RR5 regulates maize kernel development and offers potential strategies for improving grain yield.
文摘Betelvine(Piper betle L.) is cultivated for its deep green heart shaped leaf for(15-20) million Indian and 2 billion foreign consumers annually. The crop provides Rs(6 000-7 000) million of national income per year and at the same time leaves worth Rs(30-40) million is exported to other countries. The leaves are not only used directly for chewing purposes but also possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-cancer and anti-microbial properties. Besides, the leaves also contain eugenol rich essential oil(1%-3%) which is the source for medicine, stimulant, antiseptic, tonic and other ayurvedic formulations. The essential oil also contains chavibetol, caryophyllene and methyl eugenol which are the potent source for preparation in ayurvedic medicine and herbal products. Cost of betelvine essential oil is 10$ per 5 mL. In spite of its great economical and medicinal importance betelvine is still neglected by the researchers for proper characterization and authentication for selection of elite landraces. Lack of awareness among people, use of same planting material for many generations, existing of many synonyms for a single landraces, no proper characterization of available landraces are some of the significant constraints for its commercialization. Our review endeavours a complete advance in the research on betelvine, existing lacunae for its proper characterization and commercial cultivation. It also attempts to provide a comprehensive account on biotechnological interventions made in betelvine aimed at complementing conventional programmes for improvement of this nutraceutically important cash crop.
基金supported by the Taylor’s Research Grant Scheme(No.TRGS/MFS/2/2013/SBS/003),Malaysia。
文摘This study aims to elucidate the antiproliferative mechanism of hydroxychavicol(HC).Its effects on cell cycle,apoptosis,and the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)in HT-29 colon cancer cells were investigated.HC was isolated from Piper betle leaf(PBL)and verified by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The cytotoxic effects of the standard drug 5-fluorouracil(5-FU),PBL water extract,and HC on HT-29 cells were measured after 24,48,and 72 h of treatment.Cell cycle and apoptosis modulation by 5-FU and HC treatments were investigated up to 30 h.Changes in phosphorylated JNK(pJNK)and P38(pP38)MAPK expression were observed up to 18 h.The half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))values of HC(30μg/mL)and PBL water extract(380μg/mL)were achieved at 24 h,whereas the IC_(50)of 5-FU(50μmol/L)was obtained at 72 h.Cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in HC-treated cells was observed from12 h onwards.Higher apoptotic cell death in HC-treated cells compared to 5-FU-treated cells(P<0.05)was observed.High expression of pJNK and pP38 MAPK was observed at 12 h in HC-treated cells,but not in 5-FU-treated HT-29 cells(P<0.05).It is concluded that HC induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of HT-29 cells,with these actions possibly mediated by JNK and P38 MAPK.
基金supported by the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(No.209116)
文摘Two new ceramides,(2S,3S,4R)-2-N-[(2 R)-2 -hydroxypentacosanoylamino]-nonacosane-1,3,4-triol(1) and(2S,3S,4R,8E)-2- N-[(2 R)-2 -hydroxytetracosanoylamino]-8-eicosylene-1,3,4-triol(2) have been isolated from the stems of Piper betle L.collected from Baoshan city of Yunnan Province in China.Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods.
文摘This paper describes the detailed anatomy and micromorphology of the vegetative parts of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (synonym, P. lolot C.DC.), which is a southeast Asian medicinal plant valued for its medicinal and culinary uses. The study also compares the anatomy of the leaf, petiole, stem and root of P. sarmentosum with those of the well-characterized P. betle L. The leaves of both the species are morphologically comparable and have similar culinary uses. The present study showed that the leaves of both the species possess more or less comparable anatomical features with a few differences;whereas, the microscopic features of the petiole, stem, and root of the two species are distinctive.
文摘The present study, conducted during 2016 and 2017 seasons, aimed to investigate the effect of IBA on rooting of Piper betle L. stem cuttings (softwood and semi-hardwood). The experiment was undertaken in misting house field 2 UPM using the sand media to determine the adventitious roots initiation and development using the histological method. The cuttings were treated with different IBA concentrations (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/L). The nodes explants were used in the development of a protocol for in vitro propagation of P. betle L., with different concentrations of Clorox with different times of immersion (20% Clorox 10 minutes, 30% Clorox 10 minutes, 20% Clorox 20 minutes, and 30% 20 minutes). In multiplication of the plantlets, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of BAP (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L) were used to investigate the rooting of the explants. The results indicated that the types of the cuttings were different in the rooting capacity and the length of the roots. Moreover, it was found that in comparison with the control treatment, by a rise in the concentrations of the IBA, there was a significant upsurge in the rooting percentage, the root diameter, and the number of the roots. The results indicated that the types of cutting with 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/L IBA perform better in the root percentage (100%) in the semi hardwood cuttings. The best results, however, were 2000 mg/L IBA in the semi hardwood cuttings, with the number of the roots to be 35.05, and the fresh weight of the roots to be 3.94 g, the dry weight of the roots to be 0.33 g, the length of the roots to be 391.88 cm, the roots diameter to be 1.21 mm, the surface area of the roots to be 121.83 cm2, and the root volume to be 2.99 cm3. Nonetheless, the optimal concentration of Clorox with the time immersion was 20% with the 20-minute immersion time, which produced a shoot induction percentage of 30% dead explants and a mean number of 70.00 shoots per explant and the optimal concentration of benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 1.0 mg/L. It is of note that a shoot induction percentage of 22.29% and a mean number of 4.1% number of auxiliary bud per treatment. P. betle shoots in MS medium without PGR MS (0.0) yielded a good rooting.
基金graduate study (2016) from The National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) for financial support
文摘Activators of sesquiterpene synthase(STS) gene expression and sesquiterpene production in Piper betle L. were examined using quantitative real time PCR and gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods, and the allelopathic activity of untreated and Fusarium solani-treated betel extracts was tested on seed germination and on the shoot and root growth of Thai rice variety PSL2(Oryza sativa cv. Phitsanulok 2) and three dominant paddy weeds(Eclipta prostrata, Echinochloa crus-galli and Chloris barbata). The results demonstrated that F. solani dramatically upregulated STS expression and productions of β-cubebene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D sesquiterpene when compared with the untreated control, and that betel extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on weeds than on rice. The effects were more clearly detected on seed germination and root growth than on shoot growth, and they were found to be dose-dependent. It is also noted that F. solani-treated extract had stronger effects than the untreated extract. The species most sensitive to the allelopathic effects was C. barbata, germination of which was completely inhibited even at a dose of 0.1 mg/mL untreated extract. With regards to rice, although betel extract at 1.0 mg/mL showed no inhibition on germination, it affected the elongation of rice roots, in addition to those of the tested weeds. The obtained data suggested that F. solani has potential as an activator of sesquiterpene allelochemical production via STS expression, the latter leading to the treated betel extract having a stronger phytotoxic effect. These results were beneficial in the promotion of natural herbicide production using biotechnology.
文摘The Piper betle,belonging to Piper genus of the Piperaceae family,is an evergreen and perennial creeper used in several traditional medicines.This plant has been known to possess antioxidant,antitumor,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory and antimalarial activities.A wide range of chemical compounds including alkaloids,simple phenylpropanoids,lignans,flavonoids,steroids,triterpenoids,sesquiterpenes,monoterpenes have been isolated from this plant.The present review summarized the information concerning phytochemistry and biological activity of P.betle,providing references for the future research of this plant.
基金supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research under grant number KLEPT-14-02.
文摘Background:Wound healing has being extensively investigated over the world.Healing impairment is caused by many reasons including increasing of free-radicals-mediated damage,delaying in granulation tissue formation,reducing in angiogenesis and decreasing in collagen reorganization.These facts consequently lead to chronic wound healing.Piper betle Linn(Betle)leaves have been folklore used as an ingredient of drugs for cutaneous wound treatment.However,the effect of betle leaf on wound healing is not yet well elucidated.In this study,we aimed to investigate the healing efficacy of methanol leaf extract of Piper betle Linn on proliferation of fibroblast NIH3T3 cells as well as full-thickness burn and excision wounds in swiss mice.Methods:Scratch wound healing assays were conducted to examine the effects of betle leaf extract on healing activity of fibroblast cells.Burn and excision wounds on swiss mouse skins were created for investigating the wound healing progress caused by the betle leaf extract.Malondialdehyde(MDA)was also evaluated to examine the products of lipid hydroperoxide(LPO)under conditions of with or without betle leaf extract treatment.Results:The results of this study showed that Piper betle Linn leaf extract in methanol increased proliferation of NIH3T3 cells and promoted wound healing in vitro and in vivo with both burn wound and excision wound models.In addition,this extract significant decreased level of malondialdehyde(MDA)in liver of treated-mice compared with that in non-treated mice.Conclusions:Our results suggest that Piper betle Linn can be used as an ingredient in developing natural origin drugs for treatment of cutaneous wounds.
基金supported by STI 2030-Major Project(2023ZD04069)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1202900)+3 种基金The National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(32425041)The“Breakthrough”Science and Technology Project of Tongliao(TL2024TW001)Science and Technology Demonstration Project of Shandong Province(2024SFGC0402)Pinduoduo-China Agricultural University Research Fund(PC2023A01004).
文摘Transcription factors play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression during maize kernel development.The maize endosperm,a large storage organ,accounting for nearly 90%of the dry weight of mature kernels,serves as the primary site for starch storage.In this study,we identify an endosperm-specific EREB gene,ZmEREB167,which encodes a nucleus-localized EREB protein.Knockout of ZmEREB167 significantly increases kernel size and weight,as well as starch and protein content,compared with the wild type.In situ hybridization experiments show that ZmEREB167 is highly expressed in the BETL as well as PED regions of maize kernels.Dual-luciferase assays show that ZmEREB167 exhibits transcriptionally repressor activity in maize protoplasts.Transcriptome analysis reveals that a large number of genes are up-regulated in the Zmereb167-C1 mutant compared with the wild type,including key genetic factors such as ZmMRP-1 and ZmMN1,as well as multiple transporters involved in maize endosperm development.Integration of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq results identify 68 target genes modulated by ZmEREB167.We find that ZmEREB167 directly targets OPAQUE2,ZmNRT1.1,ZmIAA12,ZmIAA19,and ZmbZIP20,repressing their expressions.Our study demonstrates that ZmEREB167 functions as a negative regulator in maize endosperm development and affects starch accumulation and kernel size.
文摘Given the increasing commercial and clinical relevance of probiotics, improving their stress tolerance profile and ability to overcome the physiochemical defences of the host is an important biological goal. Herein, I review the current state of the art in the design of engineered probiotic cultures, with a specific focus on their utility as therapeutics for the developing world; from the treatment of chronic and acute enteric infections, andtheir associated diarrhoeal complexes, to targeting HIV and application as novel mucosal vaccine delivery vehicles.
