Although observational motor learning is one method of skill acquisition, this type of motor learning is not equally effective for all individuals. To clarify factors associated with the effectiveness of motor learnin...Although observational motor learning is one method of skill acquisition, this type of motor learning is not equally effective for all individuals. To clarify factors associated with the effectiveness of motor learning, we examined the association between model-observational skill acquisition and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), which is reportedly associated with motor learning via visual information. Twenty healthy adults performed the Kendama task. The participants practiced under three conditions: using their own methods (self), following observation of model actions (model-observation), and following observation of their own actions (self-observation). Measurement trials were performed 20 times prior to self-practice sessions and after each practice session. Success ratios were calculated for each measurement trial. All participants completed the AQ. The difference in success ratios for measurement sessions following practices between the self and model-observation conditions was significantly negatively correlated with AQ scores. Individuals with low AQ values can more easily acquire skills via model-observational motor learning than those with relatively higher AQ values.展开更多
目的探讨黑皮质素受体激动剂(MT-Ⅱ)改善SH3和多个锚蛋白重复结构域3(Shank3)基因缺陷孤独症模型鼠社交缺陷的作用机制。方法利用Shank3干扰慢病毒和空载慢病毒注射至仔鼠右侧脑室构建Shank3模型鼠和空载鼠各18只,Shank3组随机分为Shank...目的探讨黑皮质素受体激动剂(MT-Ⅱ)改善SH3和多个锚蛋白重复结构域3(Shank3)基因缺陷孤独症模型鼠社交缺陷的作用机制。方法利用Shank3干扰慢病毒和空载慢病毒注射至仔鼠右侧脑室构建Shank3模型鼠和空载鼠各18只,Shank3组随机分为Shank3+Sal(Sh3-Sal)组9只和Shank3+MT-Ⅱ(Sh3-MT-Ⅱ)组9只,空载组随机分为空载+Sal(V-Sal)组9只和空载+MT-Ⅱ(V-MT-Ⅱ)组9只。V-MT-Ⅱ组和Sh3-MT-Ⅱ组于第28天腹腔注射3.3 m L/kg MT-Ⅱ,V-Sal组和Sh3-Sal组腹腔注射3.3 m L/kg 0.9%氯化钠溶液,通过旷场实验、理毛实验、三箱社交实验及Morris水迷宫实验评估其行为学改变;采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)检测下丘脑催产素(OXT)、催产素受体(OXTR)及黑皮质素受体4(MC4R)的mRNA与蛋白表达水平。结果行为学结果显示,三箱社交实验中与陌生鼠1相比,Sh3-Sal组未表现出社交差异(P>0.05),而MT-Ⅱ干预后,Sh3-MT-Ⅱ组与陌生鼠2的社交时间显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Morris水迷宫实验中与V-Sal组相比,Sh3-Sal组表现出显著的学习记忆障碍(P<0.05),而MTⅡ干预后,Sh3-MT-Ⅱ组学习记忆能力明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。旷场实验和理毛实验结果显示,与V-Sal组相比,Sh3-Sal组周边停留时间及理毛时间均显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);MT-Ⅱ干预后,旷场中心停留时间及理毛行为与Sh3-Sal组无显著差异(P>0.05)。RT-PCR检测显示,与Sh3-Sal组相比,Sh3-MT-Ⅱ组OXT、OXTR和MC4R mRNA表达水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Western blot法检测显示,与Sh3-Sal组相比,Sh3-MT-Ⅱ组大鼠下丘脑OXT蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),与V-Sal组相比,Sh3-Sal组和Sh3-MT-Ⅱ组大鼠下丘脑SHANK3蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),而OXTR及MC4R蛋白表达水平无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论黑皮质素受体激动剂MT-Ⅱ可能通过激活下丘脑OXT系统改善Shank3缺陷孤独症模型鼠的社交障碍,提示靶向OXT/MC4R通路或为孤独症社交缺陷的潜在干预策略。展开更多
文摘Although observational motor learning is one method of skill acquisition, this type of motor learning is not equally effective for all individuals. To clarify factors associated with the effectiveness of motor learning, we examined the association between model-observational skill acquisition and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), which is reportedly associated with motor learning via visual information. Twenty healthy adults performed the Kendama task. The participants practiced under three conditions: using their own methods (self), following observation of model actions (model-observation), and following observation of their own actions (self-observation). Measurement trials were performed 20 times prior to self-practice sessions and after each practice session. Success ratios were calculated for each measurement trial. All participants completed the AQ. The difference in success ratios for measurement sessions following practices between the self and model-observation conditions was significantly negatively correlated with AQ scores. Individuals with low AQ values can more easily acquire skills via model-observational motor learning than those with relatively higher AQ values.
文摘目的探讨黑皮质素受体激动剂(MT-Ⅱ)改善SH3和多个锚蛋白重复结构域3(Shank3)基因缺陷孤独症模型鼠社交缺陷的作用机制。方法利用Shank3干扰慢病毒和空载慢病毒注射至仔鼠右侧脑室构建Shank3模型鼠和空载鼠各18只,Shank3组随机分为Shank3+Sal(Sh3-Sal)组9只和Shank3+MT-Ⅱ(Sh3-MT-Ⅱ)组9只,空载组随机分为空载+Sal(V-Sal)组9只和空载+MT-Ⅱ(V-MT-Ⅱ)组9只。V-MT-Ⅱ组和Sh3-MT-Ⅱ组于第28天腹腔注射3.3 m L/kg MT-Ⅱ,V-Sal组和Sh3-Sal组腹腔注射3.3 m L/kg 0.9%氯化钠溶液,通过旷场实验、理毛实验、三箱社交实验及Morris水迷宫实验评估其行为学改变;采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)检测下丘脑催产素(OXT)、催产素受体(OXTR)及黑皮质素受体4(MC4R)的mRNA与蛋白表达水平。结果行为学结果显示,三箱社交实验中与陌生鼠1相比,Sh3-Sal组未表现出社交差异(P>0.05),而MT-Ⅱ干预后,Sh3-MT-Ⅱ组与陌生鼠2的社交时间显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Morris水迷宫实验中与V-Sal组相比,Sh3-Sal组表现出显著的学习记忆障碍(P<0.05),而MTⅡ干预后,Sh3-MT-Ⅱ组学习记忆能力明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。旷场实验和理毛实验结果显示,与V-Sal组相比,Sh3-Sal组周边停留时间及理毛时间均显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);MT-Ⅱ干预后,旷场中心停留时间及理毛行为与Sh3-Sal组无显著差异(P>0.05)。RT-PCR检测显示,与Sh3-Sal组相比,Sh3-MT-Ⅱ组OXT、OXTR和MC4R mRNA表达水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Western blot法检测显示,与Sh3-Sal组相比,Sh3-MT-Ⅱ组大鼠下丘脑OXT蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),与V-Sal组相比,Sh3-Sal组和Sh3-MT-Ⅱ组大鼠下丘脑SHANK3蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),而OXTR及MC4R蛋白表达水平无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论黑皮质素受体激动剂MT-Ⅱ可能通过激活下丘脑OXT系统改善Shank3缺陷孤独症模型鼠的社交障碍,提示靶向OXT/MC4R通路或为孤独症社交缺陷的潜在干预策略。
