Although observational motor learning is one method of skill acquisition, this type of motor learning is not equally effective for all individuals. To clarify factors associated with the effectiveness of motor learnin...Although observational motor learning is one method of skill acquisition, this type of motor learning is not equally effective for all individuals. To clarify factors associated with the effectiveness of motor learning, we examined the association between model-observational skill acquisition and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), which is reportedly associated with motor learning via visual information. Twenty healthy adults performed the Kendama task. The participants practiced under three conditions: using their own methods (self), following observation of model actions (model-observation), and following observation of their own actions (self-observation). Measurement trials were performed 20 times prior to self-practice sessions and after each practice session. Success ratios were calculated for each measurement trial. All participants completed the AQ. The difference in success ratios for measurement sessions following practices between the self and model-observation conditions was significantly negatively correlated with AQ scores. Individuals with low AQ values can more easily acquire skills via model-observational motor learning than those with relatively higher AQ values.展开更多
目的:应用Walker-Avant经典概念分析法界定孤独症谱系障碍病人社交伪装的概念内涵。方法:使用关键词检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、OVID、EMbase、中国知网、维普中文期刊服务平台、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医...目的:应用Walker-Avant经典概念分析法界定孤独症谱系障碍病人社交伪装的概念内涵。方法:使用关键词检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、OVID、EMbase、中国知网、维普中文期刊服务平台、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学数据库等中英文数据库,并进行手工检索相关文献,系统筛选了从建库至2025年3月1日公开发表的与孤独症谱系障碍社交伪装相关的文献,并采用Walker-Avant经典概念分析法进行分析。结果:共纳入58篇文献,其中孤独症谱系障碍病人社交伪装的定义属性包括掩饰特征、补偿策略、同化行为以及内化耻辱;前因包括社会文化因素、个体心理因素、人口学因素以及社会环境因素;后果包括对孤独症病人的积极影响和消极影响,分别是促进社会适应、损害心理健康以及阻碍社会支持和人际关系。结论:通过对孤独症谱系障碍社交伪装进行概念分析,有利于医护人员精准把握孤独症病人的相关病症、优化其诊疗方式,理解病人的社交策略和行为举止,为个性化干预提供相关依据。展开更多
目的:采用网状Meta分析系统评价不同非侵入性神经调控技术对孤独症谱系障碍儿童的康复疗效。方法:系统检索中国知网、维普网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库、Pub Med、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase数据库...目的:采用网状Meta分析系统评价不同非侵入性神经调控技术对孤独症谱系障碍儿童的康复疗效。方法:系统检索中国知网、维普网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库、Pub Med、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase数据库,选择不同非侵入性神经调控技术改善孤独症谱系障碍的随机对照试验,检索时限为各数据库建库至2025年1月,由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、数据提取并对纳入的研究进行质量评价,应用Stata 18.0软件对数据进行网状Meta分析。结果:共纳入32个随机对照试验,涉及8种干预方式。网状Meta分析结果显示,在常规康复训练的基础上,在改善孤独症行为量表评分方面,虚拟现实技术效果最佳[SMD=-12.55,95%CI(-20.85,-4.25),P<0.05],其次为θ爆发式磁刺激[SMD=-11.34,95%CI(-20.94,-1.74),P<0.05]、重复经颅磁刺激[SMD=-9.28,95%CI(-12.80,-5.77),P<0.05]、神经反馈技术[SMD=-8.75,95%CI(-15.26,-2.23),P<0.05];在儿童孤独症评定量表评分方面,虚拟现实技术改善效果最为显著[SMD=-6.36,95%CI(-9.61,-3.11),P<0.05],其次为重复经颅磁刺激[SMD=-5.98,95%CI(-9.46,-2.51),P<0.05]、神经反馈技术[SMD=-4.63,95%CI(-9.14,-0.13),P<0.05]、经皮神经电刺激[SMD=-4.14,95%CI(-5.73,-2.55),P<0.05];在孤独症治疗评估量表评分方面,神经反馈技术改善效果最显著[SMD=-16.44,95%CI(-24.10,-8.78),P<0.05],其次为虚拟现实技术[SMD=-14.09,95%CI(-22.45,-5.73),P<0.05]、重复经颅磁刺激[SMD=-12.06,95%CI(-16.45,-7.68),P<0.05]、经皮神经电刺激[SMD=-10.58,95%CI(-20.44,-0.72),P<0.05]、经颅直流电刺激[SMD=-9.75,95%CI(-18.62,-0.88),P<0.05]。结论:当前证据表明,在常规康复训练基础上,不同非侵入性神经调控技术对孤独症谱系障碍的改善效果存在差异。虚拟现实技术在改善孤独症行为量表和儿童孤独症评定量表评分方面表现出最佳效果,而神经反馈技术在孤独症治疗评估量表评分方面的改善效果最为显著。受纳入研究数量和质量的限制,上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。展开更多
文摘Although observational motor learning is one method of skill acquisition, this type of motor learning is not equally effective for all individuals. To clarify factors associated with the effectiveness of motor learning, we examined the association between model-observational skill acquisition and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), which is reportedly associated with motor learning via visual information. Twenty healthy adults performed the Kendama task. The participants practiced under three conditions: using their own methods (self), following observation of model actions (model-observation), and following observation of their own actions (self-observation). Measurement trials were performed 20 times prior to self-practice sessions and after each practice session. Success ratios were calculated for each measurement trial. All participants completed the AQ. The difference in success ratios for measurement sessions following practices between the self and model-observation conditions was significantly negatively correlated with AQ scores. Individuals with low AQ values can more easily acquire skills via model-observational motor learning than those with relatively higher AQ values.
文摘目的:应用Walker-Avant经典概念分析法界定孤独症谱系障碍病人社交伪装的概念内涵。方法:使用关键词检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、OVID、EMbase、中国知网、维普中文期刊服务平台、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学数据库等中英文数据库,并进行手工检索相关文献,系统筛选了从建库至2025年3月1日公开发表的与孤独症谱系障碍社交伪装相关的文献,并采用Walker-Avant经典概念分析法进行分析。结果:共纳入58篇文献,其中孤独症谱系障碍病人社交伪装的定义属性包括掩饰特征、补偿策略、同化行为以及内化耻辱;前因包括社会文化因素、个体心理因素、人口学因素以及社会环境因素;后果包括对孤独症病人的积极影响和消极影响,分别是促进社会适应、损害心理健康以及阻碍社会支持和人际关系。结论:通过对孤独症谱系障碍社交伪装进行概念分析,有利于医护人员精准把握孤独症病人的相关病症、优化其诊疗方式,理解病人的社交策略和行为举止,为个性化干预提供相关依据。
