Zinc-based aqueous batteries(ZABs)are promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage owing to zinc's high theoretical capacity,inherent safety,environmental benignity,and low cost.However,their deployment is h...Zinc-based aqueous batteries(ZABs)are promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage owing to zinc's high theoretical capacity,inherent safety,environmental benignity,and low cost.However,their deployment is hindered by limited cycle life and insufficient energy density,primarily due to an inefficient zinc utilization rate(ZUR)and interfacial instability.Distinct from previous reviews that mainly survey material modifications,this work examines anode failure modes within a unified framework of interfacial thermodynamics and kinetics.We systematically elucidate how unfavorable thermodynamic barriers and kinetic limitations in ion transport and charge transfer synergistically trigger dendritic growth,corrosion,passivation,and mechanical pulverization,thereby constraining the ZUR.Building on these insights,we critically evaluate recent advances in electrolyte engineering,interfacial functionalization,and host design,with emphasis on their mechanisms for modulating nucleation thermodynamics and deposition kinetics.Finally,we propose actionable design principles that highlight the thermodynamic and kinetic balance as a prerequisite for durable,high-utilization zinc anodes,thereby translating fundamental insights into scalable,high-energy ZAB technologies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFE0101100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A2060,22088101,22279023,22309031)+5 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720250005)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22JC1410200,25PY2600100,2024ZDSYS02,25DZ3002901)the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan Morning Star Project(23YF1401800)the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research–Fudan University 21TQ1400100(25TQ012)the AI for Science Foundation of Fudan University(FudanX24A1035)the National Research Foundation,Singapore,under its Singapore-China Joint Flagship Project(Clean Energy)for the support。
文摘Zinc-based aqueous batteries(ZABs)are promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage owing to zinc's high theoretical capacity,inherent safety,environmental benignity,and low cost.However,their deployment is hindered by limited cycle life and insufficient energy density,primarily due to an inefficient zinc utilization rate(ZUR)and interfacial instability.Distinct from previous reviews that mainly survey material modifications,this work examines anode failure modes within a unified framework of interfacial thermodynamics and kinetics.We systematically elucidate how unfavorable thermodynamic barriers and kinetic limitations in ion transport and charge transfer synergistically trigger dendritic growth,corrosion,passivation,and mechanical pulverization,thereby constraining the ZUR.Building on these insights,we critically evaluate recent advances in electrolyte engineering,interfacial functionalization,and host design,with emphasis on their mechanisms for modulating nucleation thermodynamics and deposition kinetics.Finally,we propose actionable design principles that highlight the thermodynamic and kinetic balance as a prerequisite for durable,high-utilization zinc anodes,thereby translating fundamental insights into scalable,high-energy ZAB technologies.
