The achievement of ignition at the National Ignition Facility(NIF)has prompted a global wave of further research on inertial fusion energy(IFE).However,IFE requires a target gain G of 30-100,and it is hard to achieve ...The achievement of ignition at the National Ignition Facility(NIF)has prompted a global wave of further research on inertial fusion energy(IFE).However,IFE requires a target gain G of 30-100,and it is hard to achieve fusion at such high gain with the energy,configuration,and technical approach of the NIF.Here,we present a conceptual design for a next-generation laser driver that is applicable to multiple laser fusion schemes and provides 10 MJ,2-3 PW at 3ω(or 2ω,in which case the energy and power can be higher),and one shot per 30 min,with the aim of achieving G>30.It is also efficient,compact,and low in cost,and it has low susceptibility to laser-plasma instabilities.展开更多
Asymmetric catalysis has been one of the most effective strategies for building up a chirality in the favored stereoisomer. Over the past decades, various sophisticated chiral ligands and catalysts have been well-desi...Asymmetric catalysis has been one of the most effective strategies for building up a chirality in the favored stereoisomer. Over the past decades, various sophisticated chiral ligands and catalysts have been well-designed, which enable great advances in enantioselective chemical transformations, for achieving excellent selectivity and activity.展开更多
Aqueous supercapacitors(SCs)have been regarded as a promising candidate for commercial energy storage device due to their superior safety,low cost,and environmental benignity.Unfortunately,an age-old challenge of achi...Aqueous supercapacitors(SCs)have been regarded as a promising candidate for commercial energy storage device due to their superior safety,low cost,and environmental benignity.Unfortunately,an age-old challenge of achieving both long electrode lifespan and qualified energy-storage property blocks their practical application.Herein,we develop an electrode-electrolyte integrated optimization strategy to fulfill the real-life device requirements.Electrode optimization simultaneously regulates the nanomorphology and surface chemistry of the tungsten oxide anode,resulting in superior electrochemical performance given by an ideal“bird-nest”structure with optimal oxygen vacancy status;the anodes interact with and are protected from dissolution and structural collapse by the rationally designed hybrid electrolyte with optimized pH and facilitated cation desorption behavior.Collaboratively,a record-breaking durability of no capacitive decay after 250000 cycles is achieved.On the basis of this integrated optimization,the first aqueous pouch SCs with real-life practicability were manufactured by a soft-package encapsulation technique,which can steadily power commercial 3 C products such as tablets and smartphones and maintain safely working against extreme conditions.This work demonstrates the possibility of using aqueous energy storage devices with enhanced safety and lower cost to replace the commercial organic counterparts for wide range of daily applications.展开更多
The ETSI Technical Committee on Cybersecurity (TC CYBER) has just released ETSI TS 103645, a standard for cybersecurity in the Internet of Things, to establish a security baseline for internet-connected consumer produ...The ETSI Technical Committee on Cybersecurity (TC CYBER) has just released ETSI TS 103645, a standard for cybersecurity in the Internet of Things, to establish a security baseline for internet-connected consumer products and provide a basis for future IoT certification schemes.展开更多
Directly Applicable Law is an important achievement theory of private international law in the late nineteen fifties, widely used by states. The people＇ s Republic of China foreign civil legal relationship applicable...Directly Applicable Law is an important achievement theory of private international law in the late nineteen fifties, widely used by states. The people＇ s Republic of China foreign civil legal relationship applicable law established the frame of our country＇ s Directly Applicable Law in the legislative level. In practice, there exists some shortcomings in the use of the rules and theory of Directly Applicable Law. In this paper, the author defines the rules from the micro level to order picture from macro level as the starting point, discussed the perfect approach of Directly Applicable Law from the dimension of the interpretation, system, evolution route ,and rethought our current legislative situation.展开更多
There are so many different opinions on whether the autonomy of will is applied in labor contract.In this paper,the author discusses the application and limitation of autonomy of will in labor contract,and puts forwar...There are so many different opinions on whether the autonomy of will is applied in labor contract.In this paper,the author discusses the application and limitation of autonomy of will in labor contract,and puts forward some suggestions on the application of Article 43 of Law of the Application of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relationships after the introduction of Chinese legislation of the applicable law of labor contract.Autonomy of will is a useful principle in resolving disputes arising from foreign-related labor contract in China.展开更多
Based on the applicable principle of liquidated damages in ＂contract law＂, based on the improvement of the system, the article first analyzes the status quo of the development of the default system and secondly puts...Based on the applicable principle of liquidated damages in ＂contract law＂, based on the improvement of the system, the article first analyzes the status quo of the development of the default system and secondly puts forward some suggestions for improvement. The final purpose is to perfect the liquidated damages system with the Contract Law, in a bid to enhance the fairness of liquidated damages.展开更多
In order to quickly and accurately evaluate gas well deliverability,it is necessary to clarify the applicable conditions of the simplified laminarinertial-turbulent gas well deliverability evaluation method(i.e.,press...In order to quickly and accurately evaluate gas well deliverability,it is necessary to clarify the applicable conditions of the simplified laminarinertial-turbulent gas well deliverability evaluation method(i.e.,pressure-squared method and pressure method).In this regard,this paper analyzes the PVT data,simulation wells and field case wells of typical gas reservoirs in China by reviewing the formal evolution of the flow control equation for the real gases in porous media.Then,the applicable conditions of binomial pressure-squared method and pressure method are discussed.And the following research results were obtained.First,when the pressure is lower than 14 MPa,p/(μZ) is basically a constant;and when the pressure is higher than 42 MPa,μZ is basically a constant.Second,the applicable range of the pressure-squared method can be increased from 14 to 20 MPa.In this case,the relative error of absolute open flow potential calculated using the pressure-squared method is less than 5%compared with the pseudo-pressure method.If the pressure is between 20 and 30 MPa,the relative error of the absolute open flow potential calculated using the pressure-squared method is less than 10%.Third,when the pressure exceeds 80 MPa,the relative error of the absolute open flow potential calculated using the pressure method is less than 10%compared with the pseudo-pressure method.If the pressure-squared method is used in the case of high pressure,the calculated absolute open flow potential is lower and the relative error is close to 25%.Fourth,in the case of low pressure,if the pressure is constant,the higher the temperature is,the smaller the relative error between the pressure-squared method and the pseudo-pressure method is.In the case of high pressure,if the pressure is constant,the higher the temperature is,the greater the relative error between the pressure method and the pseudo-pressure method.In conclusion,it is recommended to adopt the pseudo-pressure method in laminareinertial-turbulent gas well deliverability analysis.In the case of low pressure(below 30 MPa),the pressure-squared method can be used.In the case of high pressure(above 80 MPa),the pressure method can be applied.展开更多
The prompt detection and proper evaluation of necrotic retinal region are especially important for the diagnosis and treatment of acute retinal necrosis(ARN).The potential application of artificial intelligence(AI)alg...The prompt detection and proper evaluation of necrotic retinal region are especially important for the diagnosis and treatment of acute retinal necrosis(ARN).The potential application of artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms in these areas of clinical research has not been reported previously.The present study aims to create a computational algorithm for the automated detection and evaluation of retinal necrosis from retinal fundus photographs.A total of 149 wide-angle fundus photographs from40 eyes of 32 ARN patients were collected,and the U-Net method was used to construct the AI algorithm.Thereby,a novel algorithm based on deep machine learning in detection and evaluation of retinal necrosis was constructed for the first time.This algorithm had an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.92,with 86%sensitivity and 88%specificity in the detection of retinal necrosis.For the purpose of retinal necrosis evaluation,necrotic areas calculated by the AI algorithm were significantly positively correlated with viral load in aqueous humor samples(R2=0.7444,P<0.0001)and therapeutic response of ARN(R2=0.999,P<0.0001).Therefore,our AI algorithm has a potential application in the clinical aided diagnosis of ARN,evaluation of ARN severity,and treatment response monitoring.展开更多
In this work, by choosing an orthonormal basis for the Hilbert space L^2[0, 1], an approximation method for finding approximate solutions of the equation （I ＋ K）x = y is proposed, called Haar wavelet approximation ...In this work, by choosing an orthonormal basis for the Hilbert space L^2[0, 1], an approximation method for finding approximate solutions of the equation （I ＋ K）x = y is proposed, called Haar wavelet approximation method （HWAM）. To prove the applicabifity of the HWAM, a more general applicability theorem on an approximation method （AM） for an operator equation Ax = y is proved first. As an application, applicability of the HWAM is obtained. Fhrthermore, four steps to use the HWAM are listed and three numerical examples are given in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.展开更多
α-Trifluoromethyl ketones are a class of useful compounds with versatile applications.Their synthetic application via the transformation of the C—F bonds is of particular interest by allowing the synthesis of organi...α-Trifluoromethyl ketones are a class of useful compounds with versatile applications.Their synthetic application via the transformation of the C—F bonds is of particular interest by allowing the synthesis of organic compounds with diverse structures.Herein,the advances in the research areas ofα-trifluoromethyl ketone synthesis and their defluorination reactions are reviewed.Discussion on the mechanisms of the typical reactions has also been provided,in hope of affording some guides to the chemistry ofα-trifluoromethyl ketones in the synthetic methods toward themselves and their derivatives.展开更多
Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vi...Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vironment and intensify carbon emissions.However,the use of microbially induced calcium carbonate pre-cipitation(MICP)to obtain bio-cement is a novel technique with the potential to induce soil stability,providing a low-carbon,environment-friendly,and sustainable integrated solution for some geotechnical engineering pro-blems in the environment.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest progress in soil improvement based on the MICP strategy.It systematically summarizes and overviews the mineralization mechanism,influ-encing factors,improved methods,engineering characteristics,and current field application status of the MICP.Additionally,it also explores the limitations and correspondingly proposes prospective applications via the MICP approach for soil improvement.This review indicates that the utilization of different environmental calcium-based wastes in MICP and combination of materials and MICP are conducive to meeting engineering and market demand.Furthermore,we recommend and encourage global collaborative study and practice with a view to commercializing MICP technique in the future.The current review purports to provide insights for engineers and interdisciplinary researchers,and guidance for future engineering applications.展开更多
Actively pushing design knowledge to designers in the design process, what we call ‘knowledge push＇, can help improve the efficiency and quality of intelligent product design. A knowledge push technology usually inc...Actively pushing design knowledge to designers in the design process, what we call ‘knowledge push＇, can help improve the efficiency and quality of intelligent product design. A knowledge push technology usually includes matching of related knowledge and proper pushing of matching results. Existing approaches on knowledge matching commonly have a lack of intelligence. Also, the pushing of matching results is less personalized. In this paper, we propose a knowledge push technology based on applicable probability matching and multidimensional context driving. By building a training sample set, including knowledge description vectors, case feature vectors, and the mapping Boolean matrix, two probability values, application and non-application, were calculated via a Bayesian theorem to describe the matching degree between knowledge and content. The push results were defined by the comparison between two probability values. The hierarchical design content models were built to filter the knowledge in push results. The rules of personalized knowledge push were sorted by multidimensional contexts, which include design knowledge, design context, design content, and the designer. A knowledge push system based on intellectualized design of CNC machine tools was used to confirm the feasibility of the proposed technology in engineering applications.展开更多
The increase in soil temperature associated with climate change has introduced considerable challenges to crop production.Split nitrogen application(SN)represents a potential strategy for improving crop nitrogen use e...The increase in soil temperature associated with climate change has introduced considerable challenges to crop production.Split nitrogen application(SN)represents a potential strategy for improving crop nitrogen use efficiency and enhancing crop stress resistance.Nevertheless,the precise interaction between soil warming(SW)and SN remains unclear.In order to ascertain the impact of SW on maize growth and whether SN can improve the tolerance of maize to SW,a two-year field experiment was conducted(2022-2023).The aim was to examine the influence of two SW ranges(MT,warming 1.40℃;HT,warming 2.75℃)and two nitrogen application methods(N1,one-time basal application of nitrogen fertilizer;N2,one third of base nitrogen fertilizer+two thirds of jointing stage supplemental nitrogen fertilizer)on maize root growth,photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen use efficiency,and yield.The results demonstrated that SW impeded root growth and precipitated the premature aging of maize leaves following anthesis,particularly in the HT,which led to a notable reduction in maize yield.In comparison to N1,SN has been shown to increase root length density by 8.54%,root bleeding rate by 8.57%,and enhance root distribution ratio in the middle soil layers(20-60 cm).The interaction between SW and SN had a notable impact on maize growth and yield.The SN improved the absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen by promoting root development and downward canopy growth,thus improving the tolerance of maize to SW at the later stage of growth.In particular,the N2HT resulted in a 14.51%increase in the photosynthetic rate,a 18.58%increase in nitrogen absorption efficiency,and a 18.32%increase in maize yield compared with N1HT.It can be posited that the SN represents a viable nitrogen management measure with the potential to enhance maize tolerance to soil high-temperature stress.展开更多
In the wave of digital and intelligent applications,artificial intelligence(AI)is transforming the development trajectories of industries across the globe.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),as a cultural treasure of th...In the wave of digital and intelligent applications,artificial intelligence(AI)is transforming the development trajectories of industries across the globe.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),as a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation,carries thousands of years of wisdom and practical experience.However,in the context of the rapid advancements in modern medicine and technology,TCM faces dual challenges:preserving its heritage while innovating.DeepSeek,a major achievement in the field of AI,offers a new opportunity for the development of TCM with its powerful technological capabilities.Exploring the integration of DeepSeek with TCM not only helps modernize the practice but also promises unique contributions to global health.展开更多
Liquid metals(LMs),because of their ability to remain in a liquid state at room temperature,render them highly versatile for applications in electronics,energy storage,medicine,and robotics.Among various LMs,Ga-based ...Liquid metals(LMs),because of their ability to remain in a liquid state at room temperature,render them highly versatile for applications in electronics,energy storage,medicine,and robotics.Among various LMs,Ga-based LMs exhibit minimal cytotoxicity,low viscosity,high thermal and electrical conductivities,and excellent wettability.Therefore,Ga-based LM composites(LMCs)have emerged as a recent research focus.Recent advancements have focused on novel fabrication techniques and applications spanning energy storage,flexible electronics,and biomedical devices.Particularly noteworthy are the developments in wearable sensors and electronic skins,which hold promise for healthcare monitoring and human-machine interfaces.Despite their potential,challenges,such as oxidative susceptibil-ity and biocompatibility,remain.Creating bio-based LMC materials is a promising approach to address these issues while exploring new avenues to optimize LMC performance and broaden its application domains.This review provides a concise overview of the recent trends in LMC research,highlights their transformative impacts,and outlines key directions for future investigation and development.展开更多
Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have many excellent properties that make them ideally suited for use in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).In this review,the recent research on applications of CNTs in LIBs,including their usage as fre...Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have many excellent properties that make them ideally suited for use in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).In this review,the recent research on applications of CNTs in LIBs,including their usage as freestanding anodes,conductive additives,and current collectors,are discussed.Challenges,strategies,and progress are analyzed by selecting typical examples.Particularly,when CNTs are used with relatively large mass fractions,the relevant interfacial electrochemistry in such a CNT-based electrode,which dictates the quality of the resulting solid-electrolyte interface,becomes a concern.Hence,in this review the different lithium-ion adsorption and insertion mechanisms inside and outside of CNTs are compared;the influence of not only CNT structural features(including their length,defect density,diameter,and wall thickness)but also the electrolyte composition on the solid-electrolyte interfacial reactions is analyzed in detail.Strategies to optimize the solid-solid interface between CNTs and the other solid components in various composite electrodes are also covered.By emphasizing the importance of such a structure-performance relationship,the merits and weaknesses of various applications of CNTs in various advanced LIBs are clarified.展开更多
Biliary system,which is responsible for transporting bile from the liver into the intestine,is commonly damaged by inflammation or tumors eventually causing liver failure or death.The implantation of biliary stents ca...Biliary system,which is responsible for transporting bile from the liver into the intestine,is commonly damaged by inflammation or tumors eventually causing liver failure or death.The implantation of biliary stents can effectively alleviate both benign and malignant biliary strictures,but the plastic and metal stents that are currently used cannot degrade and nearly has no beneficial biological effects,therefore their long-term service can result into inflammation,the formation of sludges and re-obstruction of bile duct.In recent years,magnesium(Mg)metal has been received increasing attention in the field of biomedical application due to its excellent biocompatibility,adequate mechanical properties,biodegradability and other advantages,such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties.The research on biliary stents made of magnesium metals(BSMM)has also made significant progress and a series of experiments in vitro and vivo has proved their possibility.However,there are still some problems holding back BSMM’s clinical use,including rapid corrosion rate and potential harmful reaction.In this review,we would summarize the current research of BSMM,evaluate their clinical benefits,find the choke points,and discuss the solving method.展开更多
Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BC...Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12035002).
文摘The achievement of ignition at the National Ignition Facility(NIF)has prompted a global wave of further research on inertial fusion energy(IFE).However,IFE requires a target gain G of 30-100,and it is hard to achieve fusion at such high gain with the energy,configuration,and technical approach of the NIF.Here,we present a conceptual design for a next-generation laser driver that is applicable to multiple laser fusion schemes and provides 10 MJ,2-3 PW at 3ω(or 2ω,in which case the energy and power can be higher),and one shot per 30 min,with the aim of achieving G>30.It is also efficient,compact,and low in cost,and it has low susceptibility to laser-plasma instabilities.
文摘Asymmetric catalysis has been one of the most effective strategies for building up a chirality in the favored stereoisomer. Over the past decades, various sophisticated chiral ligands and catalysts have been well-designed, which enable great advances in enantioselective chemical transformations, for achieving excellent selectivity and activity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52071171,52202248 and 22209064)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program—Pan Deng Scholars(XLYC1802005)+9 种基金Liaoning Bai Qian Wan Talents Program(LNBQW2018B0048)Key Project of Scientific Research of the Education Department of Liaoning Province(LZD201902)Shenyang Science and Technology Project(21-108-9-04)Australian Research Council(ARC)through Future Fel owship(FT210100298,FT210100806)Discovery Project(DP220100603)Linkage Project(LP210100467,LP210200504,and LP210200345)Industrial Transformation Training Centre(IC180100005)schemes,CSIRO Energy Centre and Kick-Start ProjectStudy Melbourne Research Partnerships program has been made possible by funding from the Victorian Government through Study MelbourneShiyanjia Lab(www.shiyanjia.com)for the support of the XPS testsupport from the University of Calgary’s Canada First Research Excel ence Fund program,the Global Research Initiative for Sustainable Low-Carbon Unconventional Energy
文摘Aqueous supercapacitors(SCs)have been regarded as a promising candidate for commercial energy storage device due to their superior safety,low cost,and environmental benignity.Unfortunately,an age-old challenge of achieving both long electrode lifespan and qualified energy-storage property blocks their practical application.Herein,we develop an electrode-electrolyte integrated optimization strategy to fulfill the real-life device requirements.Electrode optimization simultaneously regulates the nanomorphology and surface chemistry of the tungsten oxide anode,resulting in superior electrochemical performance given by an ideal“bird-nest”structure with optimal oxygen vacancy status;the anodes interact with and are protected from dissolution and structural collapse by the rationally designed hybrid electrolyte with optimized pH and facilitated cation desorption behavior.Collaboratively,a record-breaking durability of no capacitive decay after 250000 cycles is achieved.On the basis of this integrated optimization,the first aqueous pouch SCs with real-life practicability were manufactured by a soft-package encapsulation technique,which can steadily power commercial 3 C products such as tablets and smartphones and maintain safely working against extreme conditions.This work demonstrates the possibility of using aqueous energy storage devices with enhanced safety and lower cost to replace the commercial organic counterparts for wide range of daily applications.
文摘The ETSI Technical Committee on Cybersecurity (TC CYBER) has just released ETSI TS 103645, a standard for cybersecurity in the Internet of Things, to establish a security baseline for internet-connected consumer products and provide a basis for future IoT certification schemes.
文摘Directly Applicable Law is an important achievement theory of private international law in the late nineteen fifties, widely used by states. The people＇ s Republic of China foreign civil legal relationship applicable law established the frame of our country＇ s Directly Applicable Law in the legislative level. In practice, there exists some shortcomings in the use of the rules and theory of Directly Applicable Law. In this paper, the author defines the rules from the micro level to order picture from macro level as the starting point, discussed the perfect approach of Directly Applicable Law from the dimension of the interpretation, system, evolution route ,and rethought our current legislative situation.
文摘There are so many different opinions on whether the autonomy of will is applied in labor contract.In this paper,the author discusses the application and limitation of autonomy of will in labor contract,and puts forward some suggestions on the application of Article 43 of Law of the Application of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relationships after the introduction of Chinese legislation of the applicable law of labor contract.Autonomy of will is a useful principle in resolving disputes arising from foreign-related labor contract in China.
文摘Based on the applicable principle of liquidated damages in ＂contract law＂, based on the improvement of the system, the article first analyzes the status quo of the development of the default system and secondly puts forward some suggestions for improvement. The final purpose is to perfect the liquidated damages system with the Contract Law, in a bid to enhance the fairness of liquidated damages.
基金Project supported by Major Science&Technology Project of PetroChina Company Limited“Research and application of key technologies for development of deepeultra-deep gas reservoirs in Kuqa Depression”(No.:2018E-1803).
文摘In order to quickly and accurately evaluate gas well deliverability,it is necessary to clarify the applicable conditions of the simplified laminarinertial-turbulent gas well deliverability evaluation method(i.e.,pressure-squared method and pressure method).In this regard,this paper analyzes the PVT data,simulation wells and field case wells of typical gas reservoirs in China by reviewing the formal evolution of the flow control equation for the real gases in porous media.Then,the applicable conditions of binomial pressure-squared method and pressure method are discussed.And the following research results were obtained.First,when the pressure is lower than 14 MPa,p/(μZ) is basically a constant;and when the pressure is higher than 42 MPa,μZ is basically a constant.Second,the applicable range of the pressure-squared method can be increased from 14 to 20 MPa.In this case,the relative error of absolute open flow potential calculated using the pressure-squared method is less than 5%compared with the pseudo-pressure method.If the pressure is between 20 and 30 MPa,the relative error of the absolute open flow potential calculated using the pressure-squared method is less than 10%.Third,when the pressure exceeds 80 MPa,the relative error of the absolute open flow potential calculated using the pressure method is less than 10%compared with the pseudo-pressure method.If the pressure-squared method is used in the case of high pressure,the calculated absolute open flow potential is lower and the relative error is close to 25%.Fourth,in the case of low pressure,if the pressure is constant,the higher the temperature is,the smaller the relative error between the pressure-squared method and the pseudo-pressure method is.In the case of high pressure,if the pressure is constant,the higher the temperature is,the greater the relative error between the pressure method and the pseudo-pressure method.In conclusion,it is recommended to adopt the pseudo-pressure method in laminareinertial-turbulent gas well deliverability analysis.In the case of low pressure(below 30 MPa),the pressure-squared method can be used.In the case of high pressure(above 80 MPa),the pressure method can be applied.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81870648 and 82070949)。
文摘The prompt detection and proper evaluation of necrotic retinal region are especially important for the diagnosis and treatment of acute retinal necrosis(ARN).The potential application of artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms in these areas of clinical research has not been reported previously.The present study aims to create a computational algorithm for the automated detection and evaluation of retinal necrosis from retinal fundus photographs.A total of 149 wide-angle fundus photographs from40 eyes of 32 ARN patients were collected,and the U-Net method was used to construct the AI algorithm.Thereby,a novel algorithm based on deep machine learning in detection and evaluation of retinal necrosis was constructed for the first time.This algorithm had an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.92,with 86%sensitivity and 88%specificity in the detection of retinal necrosis.For the purpose of retinal necrosis evaluation,necrotic areas calculated by the AI algorithm were significantly positively correlated with viral load in aqueous humor samples(R2=0.7444,P<0.0001)and therapeutic response of ARN(R2=0.999,P<0.0001).Therefore,our AI algorithm has a potential application in the clinical aided diagnosis of ARN,evaluation of ARN severity,and treatment response monitoring.
基金support by the NSFC(11371012,11401359,11471200)the FRF for the Central Universities(GK201301007)the NSRP of Shaanxi Province(2014JQ1010)
文摘In this work, by choosing an orthonormal basis for the Hilbert space L^2[0, 1], an approximation method for finding approximate solutions of the equation （I ＋ K）x = y is proposed, called Haar wavelet approximation method （HWAM）. To prove the applicabifity of the HWAM, a more general applicability theorem on an approximation method （AM） for an operator equation Ax = y is proved first. As an application, applicability of the HWAM is obtained. Fhrthermore, four steps to use the HWAM are listed and three numerical examples are given in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
文摘α-Trifluoromethyl ketones are a class of useful compounds with versatile applications.Their synthetic application via the transformation of the C—F bonds is of particular interest by allowing the synthesis of organic compounds with diverse structures.Herein,the advances in the research areas ofα-trifluoromethyl ketone synthesis and their defluorination reactions are reviewed.Discussion on the mechanisms of the typical reactions has also been provided,in hope of affording some guides to the chemistry ofα-trifluoromethyl ketones in the synthetic methods toward themselves and their derivatives.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41962016)the Natural Science Foundation of NingXia(Nos.2023AAC02023,2023A1218,and 2021AAC02006).
文摘Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vironment and intensify carbon emissions.However,the use of microbially induced calcium carbonate pre-cipitation(MICP)to obtain bio-cement is a novel technique with the potential to induce soil stability,providing a low-carbon,environment-friendly,and sustainable integrated solution for some geotechnical engineering pro-blems in the environment.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest progress in soil improvement based on the MICP strategy.It systematically summarizes and overviews the mineralization mechanism,influ-encing factors,improved methods,engineering characteristics,and current field application status of the MICP.Additionally,it also explores the limitations and correspondingly proposes prospective applications via the MICP approach for soil improvement.This review indicates that the utilization of different environmental calcium-based wastes in MICP and combination of materials and MICP are conducive to meeting engineering and market demand.Furthermore,we recommend and encourage global collaborative study and practice with a view to commercializing MICP technique in the future.The current review purports to provide insights for engineers and interdisciplinary researchers,and guidance for future engineering applications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51675478)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LY15E050004)Youth Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power&Mechatronic Systems,Zhejiang University
文摘Actively pushing design knowledge to designers in the design process, what we call ‘knowledge push＇, can help improve the efficiency and quality of intelligent product design. A knowledge push technology usually includes matching of related knowledge and proper pushing of matching results. Existing approaches on knowledge matching commonly have a lack of intelligence. Also, the pushing of matching results is less personalized. In this paper, we propose a knowledge push technology based on applicable probability matching and multidimensional context driving. By building a training sample set, including knowledge description vectors, case feature vectors, and the mapping Boolean matrix, two probability values, application and non-application, were calculated via a Bayesian theorem to describe the matching degree between knowledge and content. The push results were defined by the comparison between two probability values. The hierarchical design content models were built to filter the knowledge in push results. The rules of personalized knowledge push were sorted by multidimensional contexts, which include design knowledge, design context, design content, and the designer. A knowledge push system based on intellectualized design of CNC machine tools was used to confirm the feasibility of the proposed technology in engineering applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Fund of China(31771724)the Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province(2024NC-ZDCYL-01-10).
文摘The increase in soil temperature associated with climate change has introduced considerable challenges to crop production.Split nitrogen application(SN)represents a potential strategy for improving crop nitrogen use efficiency and enhancing crop stress resistance.Nevertheless,the precise interaction between soil warming(SW)and SN remains unclear.In order to ascertain the impact of SW on maize growth and whether SN can improve the tolerance of maize to SW,a two-year field experiment was conducted(2022-2023).The aim was to examine the influence of two SW ranges(MT,warming 1.40℃;HT,warming 2.75℃)and two nitrogen application methods(N1,one-time basal application of nitrogen fertilizer;N2,one third of base nitrogen fertilizer+two thirds of jointing stage supplemental nitrogen fertilizer)on maize root growth,photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen use efficiency,and yield.The results demonstrated that SW impeded root growth and precipitated the premature aging of maize leaves following anthesis,particularly in the HT,which led to a notable reduction in maize yield.In comparison to N1,SN has been shown to increase root length density by 8.54%,root bleeding rate by 8.57%,and enhance root distribution ratio in the middle soil layers(20-60 cm).The interaction between SW and SN had a notable impact on maize growth and yield.The SN improved the absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen by promoting root development and downward canopy growth,thus improving the tolerance of maize to SW at the later stage of growth.In particular,the N2HT resulted in a 14.51%increase in the photosynthetic rate,a 18.58%increase in nitrogen absorption efficiency,and a 18.32%increase in maize yield compared with N1HT.It can be posited that the SN represents a viable nitrogen management measure with the potential to enhance maize tolerance to soil high-temperature stress.
文摘In the wave of digital and intelligent applications,artificial intelligence(AI)is transforming the development trajectories of industries across the globe.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),as a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation,carries thousands of years of wisdom and practical experience.However,in the context of the rapid advancements in modern medicine and technology,TCM faces dual challenges:preserving its heritage while innovating.DeepSeek,a major achievement in the field of AI,offers a new opportunity for the development of TCM with its powerful technological capabilities.Exploring the integration of DeepSeek with TCM not only helps modernize the practice but also promises unique contributions to global health.
基金supported by the GRDC(Global Research Development Center)Cooperative Hub Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00257595).
文摘Liquid metals(LMs),because of their ability to remain in a liquid state at room temperature,render them highly versatile for applications in electronics,energy storage,medicine,and robotics.Among various LMs,Ga-based LMs exhibit minimal cytotoxicity,low viscosity,high thermal and electrical conductivities,and excellent wettability.Therefore,Ga-based LM composites(LMCs)have emerged as a recent research focus.Recent advancements have focused on novel fabrication techniques and applications spanning energy storage,flexible electronics,and biomedical devices.Particularly noteworthy are the developments in wearable sensors and electronic skins,which hold promise for healthcare monitoring and human-machine interfaces.Despite their potential,challenges,such as oxidative susceptibil-ity and biocompatibility,remain.Creating bio-based LMC materials is a promising approach to address these issues while exploring new avenues to optimize LMC performance and broaden its application domains.This review provides a concise overview of the recent trends in LMC research,highlights their transformative impacts,and outlines key directions for future investigation and development.
基金Xiamen Science and Technology Project,Grant/Award Number:3502Z20231057National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:3502Z20231057National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22279107,22288102。
文摘Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have many excellent properties that make them ideally suited for use in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).In this review,the recent research on applications of CNTs in LIBs,including their usage as freestanding anodes,conductive additives,and current collectors,are discussed.Challenges,strategies,and progress are analyzed by selecting typical examples.Particularly,when CNTs are used with relatively large mass fractions,the relevant interfacial electrochemistry in such a CNT-based electrode,which dictates the quality of the resulting solid-electrolyte interface,becomes a concern.Hence,in this review the different lithium-ion adsorption and insertion mechanisms inside and outside of CNTs are compared;the influence of not only CNT structural features(including their length,defect density,diameter,and wall thickness)but also the electrolyte composition on the solid-electrolyte interfacial reactions is analyzed in detail.Strategies to optimize the solid-solid interface between CNTs and the other solid components in various composite electrodes are also covered.By emphasizing the importance of such a structure-performance relationship,the merits and weaknesses of various applications of CNTs in various advanced LIBs are clarified.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JJ31081,2024JJ5619)the Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle(No 32215004).
文摘Biliary system,which is responsible for transporting bile from the liver into the intestine,is commonly damaged by inflammation or tumors eventually causing liver failure or death.The implantation of biliary stents can effectively alleviate both benign and malignant biliary strictures,but the plastic and metal stents that are currently used cannot degrade and nearly has no beneficial biological effects,therefore their long-term service can result into inflammation,the formation of sludges and re-obstruction of bile duct.In recent years,magnesium(Mg)metal has been received increasing attention in the field of biomedical application due to its excellent biocompatibility,adequate mechanical properties,biodegradability and other advantages,such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties.The research on biliary stents made of magnesium metals(BSMM)has also made significant progress and a series of experiments in vitro and vivo has proved their possibility.However,there are still some problems holding back BSMM’s clinical use,including rapid corrosion rate and potential harmful reaction.In this review,we would summarize the current research of BSMM,evaluate their clinical benefits,find the choke points,and discuss the solving method.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF1200602)the National Science Fund for Excellent Overseas Scholars(0401260011)+3 种基金the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences(c02022088)the Tianjin Science and Technology Program(20JCZDJC00810)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202798)the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1404200).
文摘Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.
