The achievement of ignition at the National Ignition Facility(NIF)has prompted a global wave of further research on inertial fusion energy(IFE).However,IFE requires a target gain G of 30-100,and it is hard to achieve ...The achievement of ignition at the National Ignition Facility(NIF)has prompted a global wave of further research on inertial fusion energy(IFE).However,IFE requires a target gain G of 30-100,and it is hard to achieve fusion at such high gain with the energy,configuration,and technical approach of the NIF.Here,we present a conceptual design for a next-generation laser driver that is applicable to multiple laser fusion schemes and provides 10 MJ,2-3 PW at 3ω(or 2ω,in which case the energy and power can be higher),and one shot per 30 min,with the aim of achieving G>30.It is also efficient,compact,and low in cost,and it has low susceptibility to laser-plasma instabilities.展开更多
Asymmetric catalysis has been one of the most effective strategies for building up a chirality in the favored stereoisomer. Over the past decades, various sophisticated chiral ligands and catalysts have been well-desi...Asymmetric catalysis has been one of the most effective strategies for building up a chirality in the favored stereoisomer. Over the past decades, various sophisticated chiral ligands and catalysts have been well-designed, which enable great advances in enantioselective chemical transformations, for achieving excellent selectivity and activity.展开更多
Aqueous supercapacitors(SCs)have been regarded as a promising candidate for commercial energy storage device due to their superior safety,low cost,and environmental benignity.Unfortunately,an age-old challenge of achi...Aqueous supercapacitors(SCs)have been regarded as a promising candidate for commercial energy storage device due to their superior safety,low cost,and environmental benignity.Unfortunately,an age-old challenge of achieving both long electrode lifespan and qualified energy-storage property blocks their practical application.Herein,we develop an electrode-electrolyte integrated optimization strategy to fulfill the real-life device requirements.Electrode optimization simultaneously regulates the nanomorphology and surface chemistry of the tungsten oxide anode,resulting in superior electrochemical performance given by an ideal“bird-nest”structure with optimal oxygen vacancy status;the anodes interact with and are protected from dissolution and structural collapse by the rationally designed hybrid electrolyte with optimized pH and facilitated cation desorption behavior.Collaboratively,a record-breaking durability of no capacitive decay after 250000 cycles is achieved.On the basis of this integrated optimization,the first aqueous pouch SCs with real-life practicability were manufactured by a soft-package encapsulation technique,which can steadily power commercial 3 C products such as tablets and smartphones and maintain safely working against extreme conditions.This work demonstrates the possibility of using aqueous energy storage devices with enhanced safety and lower cost to replace the commercial organic counterparts for wide range of daily applications.展开更多
The ETSI Technical Committee on Cybersecurity (TC CYBER) has just released ETSI TS 103645, a standard for cybersecurity in the Internet of Things, to establish a security baseline for internet-connected consumer produ...The ETSI Technical Committee on Cybersecurity (TC CYBER) has just released ETSI TS 103645, a standard for cybersecurity in the Internet of Things, to establish a security baseline for internet-connected consumer products and provide a basis for future IoT certification schemes.展开更多
Directly Applicable Law is an important achievement theory of private international law in the late nineteen fifties, widely used by states. The people＇ s Republic of China foreign civil legal relationship applicable...Directly Applicable Law is an important achievement theory of private international law in the late nineteen fifties, widely used by states. The people＇ s Republic of China foreign civil legal relationship applicable law established the frame of our country＇ s Directly Applicable Law in the legislative level. In practice, there exists some shortcomings in the use of the rules and theory of Directly Applicable Law. In this paper, the author defines the rules from the micro level to order picture from macro level as the starting point, discussed the perfect approach of Directly Applicable Law from the dimension of the interpretation, system, evolution route ,and rethought our current legislative situation.展开更多
There are so many different opinions on whether the autonomy of will is applied in labor contract.In this paper,the author discusses the application and limitation of autonomy of will in labor contract,and puts forwar...There are so many different opinions on whether the autonomy of will is applied in labor contract.In this paper,the author discusses the application and limitation of autonomy of will in labor contract,and puts forward some suggestions on the application of Article 43 of Law of the Application of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relationships after the introduction of Chinese legislation of the applicable law of labor contract.Autonomy of will is a useful principle in resolving disputes arising from foreign-related labor contract in China.展开更多
Based on the applicable principle of liquidated damages in ＂contract law＂, based on the improvement of the system, the article first analyzes the status quo of the development of the default system and secondly puts...Based on the applicable principle of liquidated damages in ＂contract law＂, based on the improvement of the system, the article first analyzes the status quo of the development of the default system and secondly puts forward some suggestions for improvement. The final purpose is to perfect the liquidated damages system with the Contract Law, in a bid to enhance the fairness of liquidated damages.展开更多
In order to quickly and accurately evaluate gas well deliverability,it is necessary to clarify the applicable conditions of the simplified laminarinertial-turbulent gas well deliverability evaluation method(i.e.,press...In order to quickly and accurately evaluate gas well deliverability,it is necessary to clarify the applicable conditions of the simplified laminarinertial-turbulent gas well deliverability evaluation method(i.e.,pressure-squared method and pressure method).In this regard,this paper analyzes the PVT data,simulation wells and field case wells of typical gas reservoirs in China by reviewing the formal evolution of the flow control equation for the real gases in porous media.Then,the applicable conditions of binomial pressure-squared method and pressure method are discussed.And the following research results were obtained.First,when the pressure is lower than 14 MPa,p/(μZ) is basically a constant;and when the pressure is higher than 42 MPa,μZ is basically a constant.Second,the applicable range of the pressure-squared method can be increased from 14 to 20 MPa.In this case,the relative error of absolute open flow potential calculated using the pressure-squared method is less than 5%compared with the pseudo-pressure method.If the pressure is between 20 and 30 MPa,the relative error of the absolute open flow potential calculated using the pressure-squared method is less than 10%.Third,when the pressure exceeds 80 MPa,the relative error of the absolute open flow potential calculated using the pressure method is less than 10%compared with the pseudo-pressure method.If the pressure-squared method is used in the case of high pressure,the calculated absolute open flow potential is lower and the relative error is close to 25%.Fourth,in the case of low pressure,if the pressure is constant,the higher the temperature is,the smaller the relative error between the pressure-squared method and the pseudo-pressure method is.In the case of high pressure,if the pressure is constant,the higher the temperature is,the greater the relative error between the pressure method and the pseudo-pressure method.In conclusion,it is recommended to adopt the pseudo-pressure method in laminareinertial-turbulent gas well deliverability analysis.In the case of low pressure(below 30 MPa),the pressure-squared method can be used.In the case of high pressure(above 80 MPa),the pressure method can be applied.展开更多
The prompt detection and proper evaluation of necrotic retinal region are especially important for the diagnosis and treatment of acute retinal necrosis(ARN).The potential application of artificial intelligence(AI)alg...The prompt detection and proper evaluation of necrotic retinal region are especially important for the diagnosis and treatment of acute retinal necrosis(ARN).The potential application of artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms in these areas of clinical research has not been reported previously.The present study aims to create a computational algorithm for the automated detection and evaluation of retinal necrosis from retinal fundus photographs.A total of 149 wide-angle fundus photographs from40 eyes of 32 ARN patients were collected,and the U-Net method was used to construct the AI algorithm.Thereby,a novel algorithm based on deep machine learning in detection and evaluation of retinal necrosis was constructed for the first time.This algorithm had an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.92,with 86%sensitivity and 88%specificity in the detection of retinal necrosis.For the purpose of retinal necrosis evaluation,necrotic areas calculated by the AI algorithm were significantly positively correlated with viral load in aqueous humor samples(R2=0.7444,P<0.0001)and therapeutic response of ARN(R2=0.999,P<0.0001).Therefore,our AI algorithm has a potential application in the clinical aided diagnosis of ARN,evaluation of ARN severity,and treatment response monitoring.展开更多
In this work, by choosing an orthonormal basis for the Hilbert space L^2[0, 1], an approximation method for finding approximate solutions of the equation （I ＋ K）x = y is proposed, called Haar wavelet approximation ...In this work, by choosing an orthonormal basis for the Hilbert space L^2[0, 1], an approximation method for finding approximate solutions of the equation （I ＋ K）x = y is proposed, called Haar wavelet approximation method （HWAM）. To prove the applicabifity of the HWAM, a more general applicability theorem on an approximation method （AM） for an operator equation Ax = y is proved first. As an application, applicability of the HWAM is obtained. Fhrthermore, four steps to use the HWAM are listed and three numerical examples are given in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.展开更多
Actively pushing design knowledge to designers in the design process, what we call ‘knowledge push＇, can help improve the efficiency and quality of intelligent product design. A knowledge push technology usually inc...Actively pushing design knowledge to designers in the design process, what we call ‘knowledge push＇, can help improve the efficiency and quality of intelligent product design. A knowledge push technology usually includes matching of related knowledge and proper pushing of matching results. Existing approaches on knowledge matching commonly have a lack of intelligence. Also, the pushing of matching results is less personalized. In this paper, we propose a knowledge push technology based on applicable probability matching and multidimensional context driving. By building a training sample set, including knowledge description vectors, case feature vectors, and the mapping Boolean matrix, two probability values, application and non-application, were calculated via a Bayesian theorem to describe the matching degree between knowledge and content. The push results were defined by the comparison between two probability values. The hierarchical design content models were built to filter the knowledge in push results. The rules of personalized knowledge push were sorted by multidimensional contexts, which include design knowledge, design context, design content, and the designer. A knowledge push system based on intellectualized design of CNC machine tools was used to confirm the feasibility of the proposed technology in engineering applications.展开更多
China has entered a new era represented by the newly established China （Shanghai） Pilot Free Trade Zone, in which further reform and development of its financial system and capital market are highly prioritized. The...China has entered a new era represented by the newly established China （Shanghai） Pilot Free Trade Zone, in which further reform and development of its financial system and capital market are highly prioritized. The trust as an important vehicle in development of the financial market in China as well as in the world will play an important role, and there will be more foreign elements involved in Chinese trusts. The Law of the People＇s Republic of China on Application of Laws in Civil Relations with Foreign Elements provides rules, in its article 17, on the application of laws to trusts, which symbolizes the formal creation of rules of conflict of laws in China in this area. However, it seems to cause more problems than it may resolve. For example, it may not always be possible for the parties to determine the appli- cable law through consultation and agreement, and the parties＇ right to choice of law should not be without limitation either. By allowing judges to choose from ＂the law of the situs where the trust property is situated＂ and ＂the law of the situs where the trust relationship occurred＂ in the absence of an effective choice of law by the parties may lead to a situation contrary to existing laws and may create uncertainty for the parties as well. This paper analyzes this article 17 by comparing it with the conflict law rules adopted in the United States and by the Hague Convention, identifies problems, and seeks to find solutions in order to promote the healthy development of the trust system in China.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different planting densities and nitrogen application rates on the yield and quality of the tobacco cultivar Chuxue 80.[Methods]A field experiment was conducted in Hubei Provi...[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different planting densities and nitrogen application rates on the yield and quality of the tobacco cultivar Chuxue 80.[Methods]A field experiment was conducted in Hubei Province,evaluating various combinations of planting density and nitrogen rate for Chuxue 80.[Results]At the maturity stage,the TN1 treatment(5 kg N per 667 m^(2) with a density of 1900 plants per 667 m^(2))demonstrated the most favorable agronomic performance.The TN9 treatment(11 kg N per 667 m^(2) with a density of 1110 plants per 667 m^(2))achieved the highest wrapper tobacco yield and output value.Meanwhile,the TN5 treatment(8 kg N per 667 m^(2) with a density of 1515 plants per 667 m^(2))resulted in the best smoking quality.[Conclusions]The TN9 treatment,with a planting density of 1110 plants per 667 m^(2) and a nitrogen application rate of 11 kg per 667 m^(2),is recommended as the optimal cultivation practice for Chuxue 80 in Hubei Province.展开更多
Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) technology, as a revolutionary digital technology in the field of pathology, is gradually changing the traditional clinical pathological diagnosis model. By converting traditional glass patho...Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) technology, as a revolutionary digital technology in the field of pathology, is gradually changing the traditional clinical pathological diagnosis model. By converting traditional glass pathological sections into complete digital images through high-resolution scanning, it provides a new method for pathological diagnosis. Based on this, this paper studies the application of WSI technology in clinical pathological diagnosis, elaborates on its application value, analyzes the current application status, and proposes corresponding application countermeasures, aiming to provide reference for the standardized and popularized development of this technology in clinical pathological diagnosis.展开更多
The genus Actinidia is primarily functionally dioecious,and early sex identification plays a crucial role in improving breeding efficiency and reducing production costs.In this study,the accuracy of three sex-linked m...The genus Actinidia is primarily functionally dioecious,and early sex identification plays a crucial role in improving breeding efficiency and reducing production costs.In this study,the accuracy of three sex-linked molecular markers(SyGI[Shy Girl],FrBy[Friendly Boy],and SmY1)in sex identification was evaluated in various Actinidia species.The selected marker products were subsequently cloned and sequenced in six wild Actinidia species.Ninety-six wild A.chinensis chinensis accessions and 74 A.chinensis deliciosa accessions,most of which were wild,with only one cultivated,were used for comprehensive primer validation.Thirty-three juvenile A.chinensis chinensis hybrid seedlings were used for practical application tests.The results showed that the marker SyGI accurately identified the sex of 20 samples from six Actinidia species and 96 A.chinensis chinensis accessions with 100%reliability.For Actinidia chinensis deliciosa,the identification accuracy reached 98.65%.Sequence analysis revealed that SyGI shared the highest similarity with the male-specific genomic region.Furthermore,SyGI achieved 100%accuracy in identifying the sex of 33 juvenile A.chinensis chinensis individuals.The findings confirm that the SyGI marker possesses high accuracy,strong specificity,and broad applicability,making it a valuable tool for kiwifruit breeding programs.The cloned sequences from wild Actinidia species also provide important references for future research on the mechanisms of sexual evolution and determination.展开更多
Lignin,the most abundant natural aromatic polymer globally,has garnered considerable interest due to its rich and diverse active functional groups and its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and adhesive properties.Recent resea...Lignin,the most abundant natural aromatic polymer globally,has garnered considerable interest due to its rich and diverse active functional groups and its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and adhesive properties.Recent research has significantly improved the performance of lignin-based hydrogels,suggesting their substantial potential in fields such as biomedicine,environmental science,and agriculture.This paper reviews the process of lignin extraction,systematically introduces synthesis strategies for preparing lignin-based hydrogels,and discusses the current state of research on these hydrogels in biomedical and environmental protection fields.It concludes by identifying the existing challenges in lignin hydrogel research and envisioning future prospects and development trends.展开更多
Environmental DNA(eDNA)technology has revolutionized biodiversity monitoring with its non-invasive,sensitive,and cost-efficient approach.This paper systematically reviews eDNA advancements,examining its applications i...Environmental DNA(eDNA)technology has revolutionized biodiversity monitoring with its non-invasive,sensitive,and cost-efficient approach.This paper systematically reviews eDNA advancements,examining its applications in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and assessing China’s standardization progress.It delineates four developmental phases from single-species detection to high-throughput sequencing,and highlights China’s contribution to the development of technical standards.While significant progress has been made,challenges persist in quantitative accuracy,methodological consistency,and large-scale implementation.Future efforts should prioritize enhanced standardization,improved quantification techniques,broader applications,and international collaboration to drive innovation in eDNA technology.展开更多
Liver transplantation(LT)remains the optimal life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease.Despite the recent advances in LT several barriers,including organ allocation,donor-recipient matching,an...Liver transplantation(LT)remains the optimal life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease.Despite the recent advances in LT several barriers,including organ allocation,donor-recipient matching,and patient education,persist.With the growing progress of artificial intelligence,particularly large language models(LLMs)like ChatGPT,new applications have emerged in the field of LT.Current studies demonstrating usage of ChatGPT in LT include various areas of application,from clinical settings to research and education.ChatGPT usage can benefit both healthcare professionals,by decreasing the time spent on non-clinical work,but also LT recipients by providing accurate information.Future potential applications include the expanding usage of ChatGPT and other LLMs in the field of LT pathology and radiology as well as the automated creation of discharge summaries or other related paperwork.Additionally,the next models of ChatGPT might have the potential to provide more accurate patient education material with increased readability.Although ChatGPT usage presents promising applications,there are certain ethical and practical limitations.Key concerns include patient data privacy,information accuracy,misinformation possibility and lack of legal framework.Healthcare providers and policymakers should collaborate for the establishment of a controlled framework for the safe use of ChatGPT.The aim of this minireview is to summarize current literature on ChatGPT in LT,highlighting both opportunities and limitations,while also providing future possible applications.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12035002).
文摘The achievement of ignition at the National Ignition Facility(NIF)has prompted a global wave of further research on inertial fusion energy(IFE).However,IFE requires a target gain G of 30-100,and it is hard to achieve fusion at such high gain with the energy,configuration,and technical approach of the NIF.Here,we present a conceptual design for a next-generation laser driver that is applicable to multiple laser fusion schemes and provides 10 MJ,2-3 PW at 3ω(or 2ω,in which case the energy and power can be higher),and one shot per 30 min,with the aim of achieving G>30.It is also efficient,compact,and low in cost,and it has low susceptibility to laser-plasma instabilities.
文摘Asymmetric catalysis has been one of the most effective strategies for building up a chirality in the favored stereoisomer. Over the past decades, various sophisticated chiral ligands and catalysts have been well-designed, which enable great advances in enantioselective chemical transformations, for achieving excellent selectivity and activity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52071171,52202248 and 22209064)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program—Pan Deng Scholars(XLYC1802005)+9 种基金Liaoning Bai Qian Wan Talents Program(LNBQW2018B0048)Key Project of Scientific Research of the Education Department of Liaoning Province(LZD201902)Shenyang Science and Technology Project(21-108-9-04)Australian Research Council(ARC)through Future Fel owship(FT210100298,FT210100806)Discovery Project(DP220100603)Linkage Project(LP210100467,LP210200504,and LP210200345)Industrial Transformation Training Centre(IC180100005)schemes,CSIRO Energy Centre and Kick-Start ProjectStudy Melbourne Research Partnerships program has been made possible by funding from the Victorian Government through Study MelbourneShiyanjia Lab(www.shiyanjia.com)for the support of the XPS testsupport from the University of Calgary’s Canada First Research Excel ence Fund program,the Global Research Initiative for Sustainable Low-Carbon Unconventional Energy
文摘Aqueous supercapacitors(SCs)have been regarded as a promising candidate for commercial energy storage device due to their superior safety,low cost,and environmental benignity.Unfortunately,an age-old challenge of achieving both long electrode lifespan and qualified energy-storage property blocks their practical application.Herein,we develop an electrode-electrolyte integrated optimization strategy to fulfill the real-life device requirements.Electrode optimization simultaneously regulates the nanomorphology and surface chemistry of the tungsten oxide anode,resulting in superior electrochemical performance given by an ideal“bird-nest”structure with optimal oxygen vacancy status;the anodes interact with and are protected from dissolution and structural collapse by the rationally designed hybrid electrolyte with optimized pH and facilitated cation desorption behavior.Collaboratively,a record-breaking durability of no capacitive decay after 250000 cycles is achieved.On the basis of this integrated optimization,the first aqueous pouch SCs with real-life practicability were manufactured by a soft-package encapsulation technique,which can steadily power commercial 3 C products such as tablets and smartphones and maintain safely working against extreme conditions.This work demonstrates the possibility of using aqueous energy storage devices with enhanced safety and lower cost to replace the commercial organic counterparts for wide range of daily applications.
文摘The ETSI Technical Committee on Cybersecurity (TC CYBER) has just released ETSI TS 103645, a standard for cybersecurity in the Internet of Things, to establish a security baseline for internet-connected consumer products and provide a basis for future IoT certification schemes.
文摘Directly Applicable Law is an important achievement theory of private international law in the late nineteen fifties, widely used by states. The people＇ s Republic of China foreign civil legal relationship applicable law established the frame of our country＇ s Directly Applicable Law in the legislative level. In practice, there exists some shortcomings in the use of the rules and theory of Directly Applicable Law. In this paper, the author defines the rules from the micro level to order picture from macro level as the starting point, discussed the perfect approach of Directly Applicable Law from the dimension of the interpretation, system, evolution route ,and rethought our current legislative situation.
文摘There are so many different opinions on whether the autonomy of will is applied in labor contract.In this paper,the author discusses the application and limitation of autonomy of will in labor contract,and puts forward some suggestions on the application of Article 43 of Law of the Application of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relationships after the introduction of Chinese legislation of the applicable law of labor contract.Autonomy of will is a useful principle in resolving disputes arising from foreign-related labor contract in China.
文摘Based on the applicable principle of liquidated damages in ＂contract law＂, based on the improvement of the system, the article first analyzes the status quo of the development of the default system and secondly puts forward some suggestions for improvement. The final purpose is to perfect the liquidated damages system with the Contract Law, in a bid to enhance the fairness of liquidated damages.
基金Project supported by Major Science&Technology Project of PetroChina Company Limited“Research and application of key technologies for development of deepeultra-deep gas reservoirs in Kuqa Depression”(No.:2018E-1803).
文摘In order to quickly and accurately evaluate gas well deliverability,it is necessary to clarify the applicable conditions of the simplified laminarinertial-turbulent gas well deliverability evaluation method(i.e.,pressure-squared method and pressure method).In this regard,this paper analyzes the PVT data,simulation wells and field case wells of typical gas reservoirs in China by reviewing the formal evolution of the flow control equation for the real gases in porous media.Then,the applicable conditions of binomial pressure-squared method and pressure method are discussed.And the following research results were obtained.First,when the pressure is lower than 14 MPa,p/(μZ) is basically a constant;and when the pressure is higher than 42 MPa,μZ is basically a constant.Second,the applicable range of the pressure-squared method can be increased from 14 to 20 MPa.In this case,the relative error of absolute open flow potential calculated using the pressure-squared method is less than 5%compared with the pseudo-pressure method.If the pressure is between 20 and 30 MPa,the relative error of the absolute open flow potential calculated using the pressure-squared method is less than 10%.Third,when the pressure exceeds 80 MPa,the relative error of the absolute open flow potential calculated using the pressure method is less than 10%compared with the pseudo-pressure method.If the pressure-squared method is used in the case of high pressure,the calculated absolute open flow potential is lower and the relative error is close to 25%.Fourth,in the case of low pressure,if the pressure is constant,the higher the temperature is,the smaller the relative error between the pressure-squared method and the pseudo-pressure method is.In the case of high pressure,if the pressure is constant,the higher the temperature is,the greater the relative error between the pressure method and the pseudo-pressure method.In conclusion,it is recommended to adopt the pseudo-pressure method in laminareinertial-turbulent gas well deliverability analysis.In the case of low pressure(below 30 MPa),the pressure-squared method can be used.In the case of high pressure(above 80 MPa),the pressure method can be applied.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81870648 and 82070949)。
文摘The prompt detection and proper evaluation of necrotic retinal region are especially important for the diagnosis and treatment of acute retinal necrosis(ARN).The potential application of artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms in these areas of clinical research has not been reported previously.The present study aims to create a computational algorithm for the automated detection and evaluation of retinal necrosis from retinal fundus photographs.A total of 149 wide-angle fundus photographs from40 eyes of 32 ARN patients were collected,and the U-Net method was used to construct the AI algorithm.Thereby,a novel algorithm based on deep machine learning in detection and evaluation of retinal necrosis was constructed for the first time.This algorithm had an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.92,with 86%sensitivity and 88%specificity in the detection of retinal necrosis.For the purpose of retinal necrosis evaluation,necrotic areas calculated by the AI algorithm were significantly positively correlated with viral load in aqueous humor samples(R2=0.7444,P<0.0001)and therapeutic response of ARN(R2=0.999,P<0.0001).Therefore,our AI algorithm has a potential application in the clinical aided diagnosis of ARN,evaluation of ARN severity,and treatment response monitoring.
基金support by the NSFC(11371012,11401359,11471200)the FRF for the Central Universities(GK201301007)the NSRP of Shaanxi Province(2014JQ1010)
文摘In this work, by choosing an orthonormal basis for the Hilbert space L^2[0, 1], an approximation method for finding approximate solutions of the equation （I ＋ K）x = y is proposed, called Haar wavelet approximation method （HWAM）. To prove the applicabifity of the HWAM, a more general applicability theorem on an approximation method （AM） for an operator equation Ax = y is proved first. As an application, applicability of the HWAM is obtained. Fhrthermore, four steps to use the HWAM are listed and three numerical examples are given in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51675478)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LY15E050004)Youth Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power&Mechatronic Systems,Zhejiang University
文摘Actively pushing design knowledge to designers in the design process, what we call ‘knowledge push＇, can help improve the efficiency and quality of intelligent product design. A knowledge push technology usually includes matching of related knowledge and proper pushing of matching results. Existing approaches on knowledge matching commonly have a lack of intelligence. Also, the pushing of matching results is less personalized. In this paper, we propose a knowledge push technology based on applicable probability matching and multidimensional context driving. By building a training sample set, including knowledge description vectors, case feature vectors, and the mapping Boolean matrix, two probability values, application and non-application, were calculated via a Bayesian theorem to describe the matching degree between knowledge and content. The push results were defined by the comparison between two probability values. The hierarchical design content models were built to filter the knowledge in push results. The rules of personalized knowledge push were sorted by multidimensional contexts, which include design knowledge, design context, design content, and the designer. A knowledge push system based on intellectualized design of CNC machine tools was used to confirm the feasibility of the proposed technology in engineering applications.
文摘China has entered a new era represented by the newly established China （Shanghai） Pilot Free Trade Zone, in which further reform and development of its financial system and capital market are highly prioritized. The trust as an important vehicle in development of the financial market in China as well as in the world will play an important role, and there will be more foreign elements involved in Chinese trusts. The Law of the People＇s Republic of China on Application of Laws in Civil Relations with Foreign Elements provides rules, in its article 17, on the application of laws to trusts, which symbolizes the formal creation of rules of conflict of laws in China in this area. However, it seems to cause more problems than it may resolve. For example, it may not always be possible for the parties to determine the appli- cable law through consultation and agreement, and the parties＇ right to choice of law should not be without limitation either. By allowing judges to choose from ＂the law of the situs where the trust property is situated＂ and ＂the law of the situs where the trust relationship occurred＂ in the absence of an effective choice of law by the parties may lead to a situation contrary to existing laws and may create uncertainty for the parties as well. This paper analyzes this article 17 by comparing it with the conflict law rules adopted in the United States and by the Hague Convention, identifies problems, and seeks to find solutions in order to promote the healthy development of the trust system in China.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.,Ltd.(2023330000340093).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different planting densities and nitrogen application rates on the yield and quality of the tobacco cultivar Chuxue 80.[Methods]A field experiment was conducted in Hubei Province,evaluating various combinations of planting density and nitrogen rate for Chuxue 80.[Results]At the maturity stage,the TN1 treatment(5 kg N per 667 m^(2) with a density of 1900 plants per 667 m^(2))demonstrated the most favorable agronomic performance.The TN9 treatment(11 kg N per 667 m^(2) with a density of 1110 plants per 667 m^(2))achieved the highest wrapper tobacco yield and output value.Meanwhile,the TN5 treatment(8 kg N per 667 m^(2) with a density of 1515 plants per 667 m^(2))resulted in the best smoking quality.[Conclusions]The TN9 treatment,with a planting density of 1110 plants per 667 m^(2) and a nitrogen application rate of 11 kg per 667 m^(2),is recommended as the optimal cultivation practice for Chuxue 80 in Hubei Province.
文摘Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) technology, as a revolutionary digital technology in the field of pathology, is gradually changing the traditional clinical pathological diagnosis model. By converting traditional glass pathological sections into complete digital images through high-resolution scanning, it provides a new method for pathological diagnosis. Based on this, this paper studies the application of WSI technology in clinical pathological diagnosis, elaborates on its application value, analyzes the current application status, and proposes corresponding application countermeasures, aiming to provide reference for the standardized and popularized development of this technology in clinical pathological diagnosis.
基金funded by Sichuan Science and Technology Program,grant numbers 2021YFYZ0010,2023YFH0006,2025YFHZ0295The Basic Research Program of Sichuan Provincial Research Institutes,grant numbers 2024JDKY0001 and 2023JDKY0001.
文摘The genus Actinidia is primarily functionally dioecious,and early sex identification plays a crucial role in improving breeding efficiency and reducing production costs.In this study,the accuracy of three sex-linked molecular markers(SyGI[Shy Girl],FrBy[Friendly Boy],and SmY1)in sex identification was evaluated in various Actinidia species.The selected marker products were subsequently cloned and sequenced in six wild Actinidia species.Ninety-six wild A.chinensis chinensis accessions and 74 A.chinensis deliciosa accessions,most of which were wild,with only one cultivated,were used for comprehensive primer validation.Thirty-three juvenile A.chinensis chinensis hybrid seedlings were used for practical application tests.The results showed that the marker SyGI accurately identified the sex of 20 samples from six Actinidia species and 96 A.chinensis chinensis accessions with 100%reliability.For Actinidia chinensis deliciosa,the identification accuracy reached 98.65%.Sequence analysis revealed that SyGI shared the highest similarity with the male-specific genomic region.Furthermore,SyGI achieved 100%accuracy in identifying the sex of 33 juvenile A.chinensis chinensis individuals.The findings confirm that the SyGI marker possesses high accuracy,strong specificity,and broad applicability,making it a valuable tool for kiwifruit breeding programs.The cloned sequences from wild Actinidia species also provide important references for future research on the mechanisms of sexual evolution and determination.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A2079,22272003,22301013)the Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KZ20231000506)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3810800)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M770117,GZC20250088)。
文摘Carbon dots(CDs),as emerging zero-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials,demonstrate immense potential across optical displays,bioimaging,chemical sensing,information anti-counterfeiting,and optoelectronic devices.This promise stems from their exceptional tunable photoluminescence,low toxicity,biocompatibility,and abundant raw material sources.Since their discovery,research has centered on resolving controversies regarding classification,formation mechanism,microstructure,and luminescence principles while achieving controllable optoelectronic properties.Applications have evolved from basic fluorescent labeling to advanced domains including multimodal theranostics,high-sensitivity(bio/chemical)sensing,stable optoelectronic devices,intelligent anticounterfeiting systems,and environmental/energy catalysis.Future challenges demand breakthroughs in structural homogeneity/scalable eco-fabrication,universal structure-opto/electronic-property models,stability/efficiency in complex environments,and multifunctional synergy(e.g.,photo-electro-catalysis).This comprehensive review systematically examines milestone advances in CDs research over the past decade—spanning synthesis methodologies,photo/electronic property modulation mechanisms,and innovative applications—while dissecting key challenges and envisioning future pathways as versatile intelligent nanoplatforms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21706052,22278114)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300421575).
文摘Lignin,the most abundant natural aromatic polymer globally,has garnered considerable interest due to its rich and diverse active functional groups and its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and adhesive properties.Recent research has significantly improved the performance of lignin-based hydrogels,suggesting their substantial potential in fields such as biomedicine,environmental science,and agriculture.This paper reviews the process of lignin extraction,systematically introduces synthesis strategies for preparing lignin-based hydrogels,and discusses the current state of research on these hydrogels in biomedical and environmental protection fields.It concludes by identifying the existing challenges in lignin hydrogel research and envisioning future prospects and development trends.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32160172)the Key Science-Technology Project of Inner Mongolia(2023KYPT0010)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(Grant No.2025QN03006)the 2023 Inner Mongolia Public Institution High-Level Talent Introduction Scientific Research Support Project.
文摘Environmental DNA(eDNA)technology has revolutionized biodiversity monitoring with its non-invasive,sensitive,and cost-efficient approach.This paper systematically reviews eDNA advancements,examining its applications in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and assessing China’s standardization progress.It delineates four developmental phases from single-species detection to high-throughput sequencing,and highlights China’s contribution to the development of technical standards.While significant progress has been made,challenges persist in quantitative accuracy,methodological consistency,and large-scale implementation.Future efforts should prioritize enhanced standardization,improved quantification techniques,broader applications,and international collaboration to drive innovation in eDNA technology.
文摘Liver transplantation(LT)remains the optimal life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease.Despite the recent advances in LT several barriers,including organ allocation,donor-recipient matching,and patient education,persist.With the growing progress of artificial intelligence,particularly large language models(LLMs)like ChatGPT,new applications have emerged in the field of LT.Current studies demonstrating usage of ChatGPT in LT include various areas of application,from clinical settings to research and education.ChatGPT usage can benefit both healthcare professionals,by decreasing the time spent on non-clinical work,but also LT recipients by providing accurate information.Future potential applications include the expanding usage of ChatGPT and other LLMs in the field of LT pathology and radiology as well as the automated creation of discharge summaries or other related paperwork.Additionally,the next models of ChatGPT might have the potential to provide more accurate patient education material with increased readability.Although ChatGPT usage presents promising applications,there are certain ethical and practical limitations.Key concerns include patient data privacy,information accuracy,misinformation possibility and lack of legal framework.Healthcare providers and policymakers should collaborate for the establishment of a controlled framework for the safe use of ChatGPT.The aim of this minireview is to summarize current literature on ChatGPT in LT,highlighting both opportunities and limitations,while also providing future possible applications.
