随着近年来认知科学实验证据的增多,吉布森的直接知觉理论受到极大关注。但是,作为直接知觉理论中的核心概念,Affordance的精确定义问题仍处于认知科学界的激烈争论之中。伽亚尼(2014)提出一种TAP理论(Theory of Affordance Perception)...随着近年来认知科学实验证据的增多,吉布森的直接知觉理论受到极大关注。但是,作为直接知觉理论中的核心概念,Affordance的精确定义问题仍处于认知科学界的激烈争论之中。伽亚尼(2014)提出一种TAP理论(Theory of Affordance Perception),该理论将Affordance定义为行动者的一种感知运动模式。然而通过对吉布森关于Affordance特征描述的分析,显示出TAP在解释Affordance的层级性和随机性等特征方面仍存在缺陷。因此,尽管与Affordance的倾向属性理论(Dispositional Interpretation of Affordance,缩写DIA)相比,TAP能够更为深入地解释二维世界中的Affordance效应的出现,但仍然不能给出一个准确的Affordance定义。展开更多
With the increasing development of economy and society,the 21st century will surely become an era of rapid development of information technology.Based on the macro and micro levels of education in China,this paper int...With the increasing development of economy and society,the 21st century will surely become an era of rapid development of information technology.Based on the macro and micro levels of education in China,this paper introduces the"affordance theory"to analyze and discuss the current situation of College English learning environment in China,and puts forward new goals and principles to promote the future development of College English learning environment in order to better promote its effective transformation.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel framework called‘cultural affordances’to examine the dynamic interplay among technology,users and culture,as multilevel and multidirectional interactive networks.The framework includes th...This paper proposes a novel framework called‘cultural affordances’to examine the dynamic interplay among technology,users and culture,as multilevel and multidirectional interactive networks.The framework includes three dimensions.1)Cultural affordances of technology describe what technology can offer users and culture in terms of behavioural or cultural changes.2)Cultural affordances of users describe what users can offer other users,technology and culture in terms of behavioural,technological or cultural changes.3)Affordances of the cultural describe what culture can offer users and technology in terms of the design and use of technology as well as related changes.To establish the need for a culturally oriented extension to affordance theory,we first revisit Gibson's original definition of affordances of the environment and discuss its significance and limitations,including the need to understand the interplay between technology and users in the digital era.We contend that culture,as an assemblage of all relations and practices,should be included as an indispensable part of affordance theory,and we provide a detailed explanation of the novel,three-dimensional framework of cultural affordances.We then apply the framework to three prior empirical studies and one ongoing study to demonstrate how the framework can be used as an analytic tool to deepen our understanding of the multilevel and multidirectional interplay among technology,users and culture,and we identify related changes,focusing on WeChat.We also discuss how the framework can provide directions for designing new technologies to improve collaborations among users,between users and designers,and between an online platform and the offline world.展开更多
Preceding works tend to explicate affordance through supposing what is happening here and now.They seldom relate it to actual social,diachronic activities,such as foreign language learning.To tackle this issue,this st...Preceding works tend to explicate affordance through supposing what is happening here and now.They seldom relate it to actual social,diachronic activities,such as foreign language learning.To tackle this issue,this study explores how students actualize affordances in technology-enriched language learning environment(TELLE)by examining their perezhivanija(lived and emotional experience),a term borrowed from sociocultural theory.Because an individual’s social life is a developing process or a perezhivanie2,it is necessary to base the research in a dynamic development of language learning to figure out how the affordances are actualized.Narrative interviews were adopted to collect data from three Chinese college students who learn English as a foreign language in a Northeastern university in China.The results showed that due to the students’different past perezhivanija in English learning,their present interpretations of the perceived affordances in TELLE varied.This influenced hugely in their actions taken during their English learning in college to actualize the affordances.The findings indicated that the actualization of affordances is historical,dynamic and developmental instead of static.It does not lie in the autonomy of the students or the teachers,but in the institutional and cultural legitimacy of technology use in student’s social life.The paper contributes to the application of affordance theory in foreign language learning and provides implications to language teaching practice in TELLE.展开更多
The study employed ERP technique to explore whether the affordance derivation can facilitate semantic access in comprehending Chinese puns. ERPs were measured while participants read the pun sentences containing dual ...The study employed ERP technique to explore whether the affordance derivation can facilitate semantic access in comprehending Chinese puns. ERPs were measured while participants read the pun sentences containing dual meanings and made a judgement about the following probes and statements. The results showed that highly related probes in pun sentences elicited a smaller N400 and a larger LPC than moderately related probes in pun sentences. As for the comparison of sentence types, both highly and moderately related probes in pun sentences produce a smaller N400 and a larger LPC than those in control sentences. These results indicate that in the early stage of pun comprehension, semantic access to the literal meaning is easier through affordance derivation because of meaning dominance and frequency. In the late stage of integration, however,the intended meaning of puns can be facilitated and accessed through its privilege of affordance derivation activated by pun words in a pun context because of the priming context and its underlying intention. The study has discovered empirically that it is the affordance derivation,which connects the context and the dual meanings indicated by the pun words, that contributes to the different time courses and dynamic underlying neurocognitive mechanisms in comprehending puns in Chinese.展开更多
In e-commerce live streaming,sellers choose the most suitable streamers to endorse their products.The streamer introduces the main functions of the goods,organizes marketing activities,improves the consumers’shopping...In e-commerce live streaming,sellers choose the most suitable streamers to endorse their products.The streamer introduces the main functions of the goods,organizes marketing activities,improves the consumers’shopping experience,and finally facilitates transactions and obtains gifts.However,the formation mechanism of guanxi between streamers and consumers remain unclear.Based on affordance theory,this study uses structural equations to empirically study the decision-making mechanism of consumer gift-giving and purchase behavior in ecommerce live streaming.The study finds that affective affordance and cognitive affordance have positive impacts on swift guanxi;swift guanxi is an antecedent of consumers’purchase intention and gift-giving intention.展开更多
To become a qualified EFL （English as a Foreign Language） student teacher who can take an English teaching job in primary or high school after graduation, he or she must learn and use teacher knowledge inside and ou...To become a qualified EFL （English as a Foreign Language） student teacher who can take an English teaching job in primary or high school after graduation, he or she must learn and use teacher knowledge inside and outside the classroom. Adopting a narrative research, this paper discusses eight excellent EFL student teachers＇ perception of affordances for learning to teaching beyond the classroom based on the theories of affordance and niche. The results show that perceiving many affordances for learning to teach in their niches is of great significance for student teachers to improve their teaching competence. To make student teachers become qualified, we teacher trainers should not ignore the importance of leaming-to-teach beyond the classroom.展开更多
文摘随着近年来认知科学实验证据的增多,吉布森的直接知觉理论受到极大关注。但是,作为直接知觉理论中的核心概念,Affordance的精确定义问题仍处于认知科学界的激烈争论之中。伽亚尼(2014)提出一种TAP理论(Theory of Affordance Perception),该理论将Affordance定义为行动者的一种感知运动模式。然而通过对吉布森关于Affordance特征描述的分析,显示出TAP在解释Affordance的层级性和随机性等特征方面仍存在缺陷。因此,尽管与Affordance的倾向属性理论(Dispositional Interpretation of Affordance,缩写DIA)相比,TAP能够更为深入地解释二维世界中的Affordance效应的出现,但仍然不能给出一个准确的Affordance定义。
文摘With the increasing development of economy and society,the 21st century will surely become an era of rapid development of information technology.Based on the macro and micro levels of education in China,this paper introduces the"affordance theory"to analyze and discuss the current situation of College English learning environment in China,and puts forward new goals and principles to promote the future development of College English learning environment in order to better promote its effective transformation.
文摘This paper proposes a novel framework called‘cultural affordances’to examine the dynamic interplay among technology,users and culture,as multilevel and multidirectional interactive networks.The framework includes three dimensions.1)Cultural affordances of technology describe what technology can offer users and culture in terms of behavioural or cultural changes.2)Cultural affordances of users describe what users can offer other users,technology and culture in terms of behavioural,technological or cultural changes.3)Affordances of the cultural describe what culture can offer users and technology in terms of the design and use of technology as well as related changes.To establish the need for a culturally oriented extension to affordance theory,we first revisit Gibson's original definition of affordances of the environment and discuss its significance and limitations,including the need to understand the interplay between technology and users in the digital era.We contend that culture,as an assemblage of all relations and practices,should be included as an indispensable part of affordance theory,and we provide a detailed explanation of the novel,three-dimensional framework of cultural affordances.We then apply the framework to three prior empirical studies and one ongoing study to demonstrate how the framework can be used as an analytic tool to deepen our understanding of the multilevel and multidirectional interplay among technology,users and culture,and we identify related changes,focusing on WeChat.We also discuss how the framework can provide directions for designing new technologies to improve collaborations among users,between users and designers,and between an online platform and the offline world.
基金part of the work for the National Project on Social Sciences“Efficacy of Ecological Affordances Actualization in Language Learning Environment in China in the Technology Era”(16BYY093)
文摘Preceding works tend to explicate affordance through supposing what is happening here and now.They seldom relate it to actual social,diachronic activities,such as foreign language learning.To tackle this issue,this study explores how students actualize affordances in technology-enriched language learning environment(TELLE)by examining their perezhivanija(lived and emotional experience),a term borrowed from sociocultural theory.Because an individual’s social life is a developing process or a perezhivanie2,it is necessary to base the research in a dynamic development of language learning to figure out how the affordances are actualized.Narrative interviews were adopted to collect data from three Chinese college students who learn English as a foreign language in a Northeastern university in China.The results showed that due to the students’different past perezhivanija in English learning,their present interpretations of the perceived affordances in TELLE varied.This influenced hugely in their actions taken during their English learning in college to actualize the affordances.The findings indicated that the actualization of affordances is historical,dynamic and developmental instead of static.It does not lie in the autonomy of the students or the teachers,but in the institutional and cultural legitimacy of technology use in student’s social life.The paper contributes to the application of affordance theory in foreign language learning and provides implications to language teaching practice in TELLE.
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Social Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19AYY011)the Major Scientific Program of Shanghai International Studies University (Grant No. 2018114027)。
文摘The study employed ERP technique to explore whether the affordance derivation can facilitate semantic access in comprehending Chinese puns. ERPs were measured while participants read the pun sentences containing dual meanings and made a judgement about the following probes and statements. The results showed that highly related probes in pun sentences elicited a smaller N400 and a larger LPC than moderately related probes in pun sentences. As for the comparison of sentence types, both highly and moderately related probes in pun sentences produce a smaller N400 and a larger LPC than those in control sentences. These results indicate that in the early stage of pun comprehension, semantic access to the literal meaning is easier through affordance derivation because of meaning dominance and frequency. In the late stage of integration, however,the intended meaning of puns can be facilitated and accessed through its privilege of affordance derivation activated by pun words in a pun context because of the priming context and its underlying intention. The study has discovered empirically that it is the affordance derivation,which connects the context and the dual meanings indicated by the pun words, that contributes to the different time courses and dynamic underlying neurocognitive mechanisms in comprehending puns in Chinese.
基金supported by the grant from the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.:19BGL262).
文摘In e-commerce live streaming,sellers choose the most suitable streamers to endorse their products.The streamer introduces the main functions of the goods,organizes marketing activities,improves the consumers’shopping experience,and finally facilitates transactions and obtains gifts.However,the formation mechanism of guanxi between streamers and consumers remain unclear.Based on affordance theory,this study uses structural equations to empirically study the decision-making mechanism of consumer gift-giving and purchase behavior in ecommerce live streaming.The study finds that affective affordance and cognitive affordance have positive impacts on swift guanxi;swift guanxi is an antecedent of consumers’purchase intention and gift-giving intention.
文摘To become a qualified EFL （English as a Foreign Language） student teacher who can take an English teaching job in primary or high school after graduation, he or she must learn and use teacher knowledge inside and outside the classroom. Adopting a narrative research, this paper discusses eight excellent EFL student teachers＇ perception of affordances for learning to teaching beyond the classroom based on the theories of affordance and niche. The results show that perceiving many affordances for learning to teach in their niches is of great significance for student teachers to improve their teaching competence. To make student teachers become qualified, we teacher trainers should not ignore the importance of leaming-to-teach beyond the classroom.
