The focus of this paper is to investigate the role self-employment conceptualized as a lifestyle factor on health, access to health care, and health behaviors. We analyze rich data on 13,435 working adults in the US, ...The focus of this paper is to investigate the role self-employment conceptualized as a lifestyle factor on health, access to health care, and health behaviors. We analyze rich data on 13,435 working adults in the US, who are either selfemployed or salaried workers. Outcomes include physical and mental health perception, validated indexes of physical and mental health, and medical conditions;access-to-care measures such as a barrier to obtaining necessary health care;and health behaviors such as smoking, physical activity and body mass index. Instrumental variables methods are used to correct for selection into self-employment. We find that self-employment is positively associated with perceived physical health, and is negatively associated with having diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and arthritis. No mental health outcome is significantly associated with self-employment. There is no significant difference between self-employed and wage-earning individuals with regard to access to care. Self-employed individuals are less likely to smoke, and are more likely to participate in physical activity and have normal-weight. We conclude that despite lack of health insurance, self-employed persons in the US are as healthy as wage-earners, do not experience a greater barrier to access to care, and are more likely to engage in healthy behavior.展开更多
Two limitations of current integrity measurement architectures are pointed out： （1） a reference value is required for every measured entity to verify the system states, as is impractical however; （2） malicious us...Two limitations of current integrity measurement architectures are pointed out： （1） a reference value is required for every measured entity to verify the system states, as is impractical however; （2） malicious user can forge proof of inexistent system states. This paper proposes a trustworthy integrity measurement architecture, BBACIMA, through enforcing behavior-based access control for trusted platform module （TPM）. BBACIMA introduces a TPM reference monitor （TPMRM） to ensure the trustworthiness of integrity measurement. TPMRM enforces behavior-based access control for the TPM and is isolated from other entities which may be malicious. TPMRM is the only entity manipulating TPM directly and all PCR （platform configuration register） operation requests must pass through the security check of it so that only trusted processes can do measurement and produce the proof of system states. Through these mechanisms malicious user can not enforce attack which is feasible in current measurement architectures.展开更多
This study examines the socio-spatial context of uneven development and the residential accessibility of green space in Dalian of Liaoning Province, China. The social fairness was analyzed with a community scale as th...This study examines the socio-spatial context of uneven development and the residential accessibility of green space in Dalian of Liaoning Province, China. The social fairness was analyzed with a community scale as the basis. We combined social scientific methods with a GIS method using a behavior accessibility model from the perspectives of fairness of urban green space allocation based on social geography, geographic information science, management science and many other related discipline theories. The results show that: 1) Most of the urban green space distribution presents an unbalanced phenomenon, and it does not match with the population distribution; 2) We found some differences in the accessibility of the population with different attributes and opportunities to use and enjoy the urban green spaces, mainly due to: the dual social and spatial attributes of the residents and the serious stratum differentiation generated were the internal causes; the residential space differentiation and the pursuit of economic and real estate development were the direct causes; and unreasonable planning, in regard to the fact that government policies did not give consideration to efficiency and fairness, was also an important factor.展开更多
旅游交通是旅游者在客源地与目的地之间实现空间位置移动所产生的一切与交通运输有关的服务及社会活动。文章基于Web of Science核心数据库与CNKI知网数据库检索并筛选了2010—2022年的431篇英文和115篇中文文献,采用知识图谱分析和传...旅游交通是旅游者在客源地与目的地之间实现空间位置移动所产生的一切与交通运输有关的服务及社会活动。文章基于Web of Science核心数据库与CNKI知网数据库检索并筛选了2010—2022年的431篇英文和115篇中文文献,采用知识图谱分析和传统文献研究相结合的方法,对旅游交通领域的研究热点及变化趋势进行动态分析。结果表明:(1)旅游交通发文作者和研究机构已初具规模,但作者及机构间相对分散,相互之间尚未形成显著的科研合作关系。(2)基于文献关键词突现与聚类的研究热点分析表明,旅游交通的基本概念及方法应用、交通在旅游发展中的作用、旅游交通的空间格局特征是近年来旅游交通领域研究的热点。(3)2010—2022年旅游交通研究可划分为快速发展期、活跃期、波动期。(4)国内旅游交通研究需立足多视角及学科交叉前沿性,完善分析框架,加强旅游交通研究理论基础;刻画旅游交通空间尺度效应,尤其是实现以微观尺度为主体的研究和多尺度嵌套下的旅游交通关系模型构建;融合新技术与新业态,创新旅游交通研究思想。展开更多
The paper focuses on the habits of China Web users' language utilization behaviors in accessing the Web. It also seeks to make a general study on the basic nature of language phenomenon with regard to digital acce...The paper focuses on the habits of China Web users' language utilization behaviors in accessing the Web. It also seeks to make a general study on the basic nature of language phenomenon with regard to digital accessing. A questionnaire survey was formulated and distributed online for these research purposes. There were 1,267 responses collected. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square testing and contingency table analyses. Results revealed the following findings. Tagging has already played an important role in Web2.0 communication for China's Web users. China users rely greatly on all kinds of taxonomies in browsing and have also an awareness of them in effective searching. These imply that the classified languages in digital environment may aid Chinese Web users in a more satisfying manner. Highly subject-specific words, especially those from authorized tools, yielded better results in searching. Chinese users have high recognition for related terms. As to the demographic aspect, there is little difference between different genders in the utilization of information retrieval languages. Age may constitute a variable element to a certain degree. Educational background has a complex effect on language utilizations in searching. These research findings characterize China Web users' behaviors in digital information accessing. They also can be potentially valuable for the modeling and further refinement of digital accessing services.展开更多
文摘The focus of this paper is to investigate the role self-employment conceptualized as a lifestyle factor on health, access to health care, and health behaviors. We analyze rich data on 13,435 working adults in the US, who are either selfemployed or salaried workers. Outcomes include physical and mental health perception, validated indexes of physical and mental health, and medical conditions;access-to-care measures such as a barrier to obtaining necessary health care;and health behaviors such as smoking, physical activity and body mass index. Instrumental variables methods are used to correct for selection into self-employment. We find that self-employment is positively associated with perceived physical health, and is negatively associated with having diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and arthritis. No mental health outcome is significantly associated with self-employment. There is no significant difference between self-employed and wage-earning individuals with regard to access to care. Self-employed individuals are less likely to smoke, and are more likely to participate in physical activity and have normal-weight. We conclude that despite lack of health insurance, self-employed persons in the US are as healthy as wage-earners, do not experience a greater barrier to access to care, and are more likely to engage in healthy behavior.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Plan of China (2007AA01Z412)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2006BAH02A02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60603017)
文摘Two limitations of current integrity measurement architectures are pointed out： （1） a reference value is required for every measured entity to verify the system states, as is impractical however; （2） malicious user can forge proof of inexistent system states. This paper proposes a trustworthy integrity measurement architecture, BBACIMA, through enforcing behavior-based access control for trusted platform module （TPM）. BBACIMA introduces a TPM reference monitor （TPMRM） to ensure the trustworthiness of integrity measurement. TPMRM enforces behavior-based access control for the TPM and is isolated from other entities which may be malicious. TPMRM is the only entity manipulating TPM directly and all PCR （platform configuration register） operation requests must pass through the security check of it so that only trusted processes can do measurement and produce the proof of system states. Through these mechanisms malicious user can not enforce attack which is feasible in current measurement architectures.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41471140)
文摘This study examines the socio-spatial context of uneven development and the residential accessibility of green space in Dalian of Liaoning Province, China. The social fairness was analyzed with a community scale as the basis. We combined social scientific methods with a GIS method using a behavior accessibility model from the perspectives of fairness of urban green space allocation based on social geography, geographic information science, management science and many other related discipline theories. The results show that: 1) Most of the urban green space distribution presents an unbalanced phenomenon, and it does not match with the population distribution; 2) We found some differences in the accessibility of the population with different attributes and opportunities to use and enjoy the urban green spaces, mainly due to: the dual social and spatial attributes of the residents and the serious stratum differentiation generated were the internal causes; the residential space differentiation and the pursuit of economic and real estate development were the direct causes; and unreasonable planning, in regard to the fact that government policies did not give consideration to efficiency and fairness, was also an important factor.
文摘旅游交通是旅游者在客源地与目的地之间实现空间位置移动所产生的一切与交通运输有关的服务及社会活动。文章基于Web of Science核心数据库与CNKI知网数据库检索并筛选了2010—2022年的431篇英文和115篇中文文献,采用知识图谱分析和传统文献研究相结合的方法,对旅游交通领域的研究热点及变化趋势进行动态分析。结果表明:(1)旅游交通发文作者和研究机构已初具规模,但作者及机构间相对分散,相互之间尚未形成显著的科研合作关系。(2)基于文献关键词突现与聚类的研究热点分析表明,旅游交通的基本概念及方法应用、交通在旅游发展中的作用、旅游交通的空间格局特征是近年来旅游交通领域研究的热点。(3)2010—2022年旅游交通研究可划分为快速发展期、活跃期、波动期。(4)国内旅游交通研究需立足多视角及学科交叉前沿性,完善分析框架,加强旅游交通研究理论基础;刻画旅游交通空间尺度效应,尤其是实现以微观尺度为主体的研究和多尺度嵌套下的旅游交通关系模型构建;融合新技术与新业态,创新旅游交通研究思想。
文摘The paper focuses on the habits of China Web users' language utilization behaviors in accessing the Web. It also seeks to make a general study on the basic nature of language phenomenon with regard to digital accessing. A questionnaire survey was formulated and distributed online for these research purposes. There were 1,267 responses collected. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square testing and contingency table analyses. Results revealed the following findings. Tagging has already played an important role in Web2.0 communication for China's Web users. China users rely greatly on all kinds of taxonomies in browsing and have also an awareness of them in effective searching. These imply that the classified languages in digital environment may aid Chinese Web users in a more satisfying manner. Highly subject-specific words, especially those from authorized tools, yielded better results in searching. Chinese users have high recognition for related terms. As to the demographic aspect, there is little difference between different genders in the utilization of information retrieval languages. Age may constitute a variable element to a certain degree. Educational background has a complex effect on language utilizations in searching. These research findings characterize China Web users' behaviors in digital information accessing. They also can be potentially valuable for the modeling and further refinement of digital accessing services.
