Auxin regulates plant growth by integrating transport and signaling.Polar auxin transport establishes auxin gradients essential for development,with PIN-FORMED(PIN)efflux carriers generating directionality and AUXIN1/...Auxin regulates plant growth by integrating transport and signaling.Polar auxin transport establishes auxin gradients essential for development,with PIN-FORMED(PIN)efflux carriers generating directionality and AUXIN1/LIKE-AUX1(AUX1/LAX)influx carriers ensuring efficient uptake.Canonical signaling begins when auxin binds TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX PROTEIN(TIR1/AFB)receptors,the F-box component of the SKP1-CULLIN1-F-box(SCF)E3 ubiquitin ligase complex(Gray et al.,2001).Auxin promotes recruitment and degradation of AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID(AUX/IAA)repressors,thereby releasing AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR(ARF)to activate transcription(Gray et al.,2001).Recent discoveries have expended this model.Cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM)structures of AUX1 clarified its proton(H+)-coupled import(Yang et al.,2025),and TIR1 was shown to function as an adenylate cyclase(AC),producing c AMP to activate transcription(Chen et al.,2025).Synthetic promoter studies further revealed a bi-layer ARF/cis-element code shaping cel type-specific gene expression(Martin-Arevalil o et al.,2025).展开更多
Wheat yield mainly depends on leaf photosynthesis and grain carbohydrate accumulation.The aux/indole-3-acetic acid 13-like(Aux/IAA13L)gene was successfully cloned from Tritipyrum‘Y1805’and transformed into common wh...Wheat yield mainly depends on leaf photosynthesis and grain carbohydrate accumulation.The aux/indole-3-acetic acid 13-like(Aux/IAA13L)gene was successfully cloned from Tritipyrum‘Y1805’and transformed into common wheat.A bioinformatics analysis showed that the TtAux/IAA13L protein,encoding 232 amino acids,was hydrophilic and unstable.TtAux/IAA13L and Tel5E01G609500 were grouped together in a phylogenetic tree.The TtAux/IAA13L expression levels in the overexpression lines were higher than in the wild-type(WT)plants at five developmental stages:tillering,elongation,heading,flowering,and grain-filling.The expression levels in the overexpression lines first increased,peaked at the flowering stage,and then decreased.However,the expression level in WT plants changed little among the five stages.The chlorophyll contents,net photosynthetic rates,stomatal conductances,and transpiration rates of the overexpression lines were higher than in the WT plants.Compared with WT plants,plant height in the overexpression lines decreased,whereas stem diameter,flag leaf area,grain number per spike,1000-grain weight,and grain yield per plant increased.The average grain yield per plant of two overexpression lines increased by 24.56%and 23.46%,compared with those of WT plants,in 2024 and 2025,respectively.In brief,the TtAux/IAA13L gene enhanced the chlorophyll content and flag leaf area,thereby increasing the net photosynthetic rate and grain yield per plant.Consequently,it could be used to breed high-yield wheat cultivars.展开更多
基金Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61572004,L.L.,32202496,H.H.)。
文摘Auxin regulates plant growth by integrating transport and signaling.Polar auxin transport establishes auxin gradients essential for development,with PIN-FORMED(PIN)efflux carriers generating directionality and AUXIN1/LIKE-AUX1(AUX1/LAX)influx carriers ensuring efficient uptake.Canonical signaling begins when auxin binds TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX PROTEIN(TIR1/AFB)receptors,the F-box component of the SKP1-CULLIN1-F-box(SCF)E3 ubiquitin ligase complex(Gray et al.,2001).Auxin promotes recruitment and degradation of AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID(AUX/IAA)repressors,thereby releasing AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR(ARF)to activate transcription(Gray et al.,2001).Recent discoveries have expended this model.Cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM)structures of AUX1 clarified its proton(H+)-coupled import(Yang et al.,2025),and TIR1 was shown to function as an adenylate cyclase(AC),producing c AMP to activate transcription(Chen et al.,2025).Synthetic promoter studies further revealed a bi-layer ARF/cis-element code shaping cel type-specific gene expression(Martin-Arevalil o et al.,2025).
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160442 and 32560458).
文摘Wheat yield mainly depends on leaf photosynthesis and grain carbohydrate accumulation.The aux/indole-3-acetic acid 13-like(Aux/IAA13L)gene was successfully cloned from Tritipyrum‘Y1805’and transformed into common wheat.A bioinformatics analysis showed that the TtAux/IAA13L protein,encoding 232 amino acids,was hydrophilic and unstable.TtAux/IAA13L and Tel5E01G609500 were grouped together in a phylogenetic tree.The TtAux/IAA13L expression levels in the overexpression lines were higher than in the wild-type(WT)plants at five developmental stages:tillering,elongation,heading,flowering,and grain-filling.The expression levels in the overexpression lines first increased,peaked at the flowering stage,and then decreased.However,the expression level in WT plants changed little among the five stages.The chlorophyll contents,net photosynthetic rates,stomatal conductances,and transpiration rates of the overexpression lines were higher than in the WT plants.Compared with WT plants,plant height in the overexpression lines decreased,whereas stem diameter,flag leaf area,grain number per spike,1000-grain weight,and grain yield per plant increased.The average grain yield per plant of two overexpression lines increased by 24.56%and 23.46%,compared with those of WT plants,in 2024 and 2025,respectively.In brief,the TtAux/IAA13L gene enhanced the chlorophyll content and flag leaf area,thereby increasing the net photosynthetic rate and grain yield per plant.Consequently,it could be used to breed high-yield wheat cultivars.
