Aneuploidy embryos of Pinctada martensii Dunker are produced during tetraploid induction by inhibiting the first polar body in eggs from triploid fertilized with haploid sperms with cytochalasin B treatment. Chromosom...Aneuploidy embryos of Pinctada martensii Dunker are produced during tetraploid induction by inhibiting the first polar body in eggs from triploid fertilized with haploid sperms with cytochalasin B treatment. Chromosome analysis reveals that there are 88.18 ±6.79% aneuploidy embryos, and 28.70% aneuploids in pearl oysters of one-year age These aneuploids have five chromosomal conditions, such as 2n + 1(29), 2n + 2 (30), 3n-2 (40), 3n-1(41) and 3n + 1 (43). Results of growth measurement show that there is no significant difference between aneuploids (as a group) and diploids in body size and weight (p ＞ 0.10), but the aneuploide is obviously different from triploid (p ＜ 0.01). The mean body size and weight of aneuploids in diploid condition (2n ± 1 and 2n ± 2) are significantly smaller than those of diploids (p ＜ 0.01),but aneuploids within triploid condition (3n ± 1 and 3n ± 2) are not smaller than diploids in body size and weight (p ＞ 0.1).This study indicates Pinctada martensii Dunker could tolerate aneuploidy by 7 ～ 14% of the haploid genome, and that aneuploids of this species are viable under certain conditions.展开更多
Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of DNA ploidy status in colorectal cancers with patients＇ prognosis and also the relationship of DNA ploidy status with expression of the colorecta...Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of DNA ploidy status in colorectal cancers with patients＇ prognosis and also the relationship of DNA ploidy status with expression of the colorectal cancer stem cell marker CD133. Methods： The DNA ploidy status and CD 133 expression in colorectal cancers were detected by flow cytometry. The clinicopathological characteristics and progression-free survival analysis of patients was evaluated based on the clinical data. Results： DNA ploidy pattern did not correlated with gender, age, lesion diameter, histological type, depth of tumor invasion, lymphatic invasion and Dukes stage. Only primary lesion cite showed significant correlation with DNA ploidy pattern, more aneuploids were observed in colonic cancer than rectal cancer, P 〈 0.05. The 2-year progress/on-free survival rate and total progression-free time in patients with aneuploids were lower than that with diploids, P 〈 0.05. Tumors contained aneuploids showed higher expression of CD133 than tumors of only diploids, P 〈 0.05. Conclusion： Tumor DNA ploidy status is a significant prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer and also associated with the existence of CD133 positive colorectal cancer stem cells.展开更多
Most cancer cells harbor gross chromosomal alterations that result in an aneuploid karyotype.Lin et al.recently demonstrated that mammary epithelia from healthy women contain clonally expanded aneuploid cell populatio...Most cancer cells harbor gross chromosomal alterations that result in an aneuploid karyotype.Lin et al.recently demonstrated that mammary epithelia from healthy women contain clonally expanded aneuploid cell populations that share considerable genomic traits with invasive breast tumors,potentially representing malignant precursors that have not yet evaded immunosurveillance[1].展开更多
Interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations have been widely used in plant genetics and breeding to construct stocks for genetic analysis and to introduce into crops the desirable traits and genes from their relativ...Interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations have been widely used in plant genetics and breeding to construct stocks for genetic analysis and to introduce into crops the desirable traits and genes from their relatives. The intergeneric crosses between Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss., B. carinata A. Braun and Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz were made and the plants produced were subjected to genomic in situ hybridization analysis. The mixoploids from the cross with B. juncea were divided into three groups. The partially fertile mixoploids in the first group (2n = 36—42) mainly contained the somatic cells and pollen mother cells (PMCs) with the 36 chromosomes of B. juncea and additional chromosomes of O. violaceus. The mixoploids (2n = 30—36) in the second and third groups were morphologically quite similar to the mother plants B. juncea and showed nearly normal fertility. The plants in the second group produced the majority of PMCs (2n = 36) with their chromosomes paired and segregated normally, but 1—4 pairs of the O. violaceus chromosomes were included in some PMCs. The plants in the third group produced only PMCs with the 36 B. juncea chromosomes, which were paired and segregated normally. The mixoploids (2n = 29—34) from the cross with B. carinata produced the majority of PMCs (2n = 34) with normal chromosome pairing and segregation, but some plants had some PMCs with 1—3 pairs of chromosomes from O. violaceus and other plants had only PMCs with the B. carinata chromosomes. The Brassica homozygous plants and aneuploids with complete or partial chromo-some complements of Brassica parents and various numbers of O. violaceus chromosomes were derived from these progeny plants. The results in this study provided the molecular cytogenetic evidence for the separation of parental genomes which was previously proposed to occur in the hybridizations of these two genera.展开更多
Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive disease characterized by early metastasis. Ane- uploid CD31- disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) and CD31+ disseminated tumor endothelial cells (DTECs) resi...Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive disease characterized by early metastasis. Ane- uploid CD31- disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) and CD31+ disseminated tumor endothelial cells (DTECs) residing in the bone marrow are generally considered as the initiators of metastatic process. However, the clinical signifi- cance of DTCs and DTECs in SCLC remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical implications of diverse subtypes of highly heterogeneous DTCs and DTECs in SCLC patients. Methods: Subtraction enrichment and immunostaining-fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH) was applied to enrich and perform comprehensive morphologic, karyotypic, and phenotypic characterization of aneuploid DTCs and DTECs in 30 patients. Additionally, co-detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor endothelial cells (CTECs) was conducted on 24 of the enrolled patients. Proof-of-concept of the whole exon sequencings (WES) on precisely selected different subtypes of CTCs or DTCs, longitudinally detected from a representative case with pathologically confirmed bone marrow metastasis, was validated to feasibly reveal genetic mutations in these cells. Results: DTCs, DTECs and their subtypes were readily detectable in SCLC patients. Comparative analysis re- vealed that the number of DTCs and DTECs was significantly higher than that of their corresponding CTCs and CTECs ( P < 0.001 for both). Positive detection of disseminated tumor microemboli (DTM) or disseminated tumor endothelial microemboli (DTEM) was associated with inferior survival outcomes ( P = 0.046 and P = 0.048). Pa- tients with EpCAM+ DTCs detectable displayed significantly lower disease control rate (DCR) (16.67% vs 73.33%, P = 0.019), reduced median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) compared with those with EpCAM- DTCs ( P = 0.028 and P = 0.002, respectively). WES analysis indicated that post-treatment DTCs isolated from bone marrow at the time of disease progression shared more homologous somatic gene mu- tations with pre-treatment CTCs compared with post-treatment CTCs. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that bone marrow sampling and characterization of DTC subtypes provided a valuable tool for predicting treatment response and the prognosis in SCLC. Moreover, DTCs inherit a greater amount of homologous somatic information from pre-treatment CTCs, indicating their potential role in disease progression and treatment resistance.展开更多
Protoplasts of Valencia sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis Osb.),irradiated by X_ray with a dose rate of 3.8 krad/min for 45 min, were electrically fused with protoplasts of Murcott tangor ( C. reticulata×C. sin...Protoplasts of Valencia sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis Osb.),irradiated by X_ray with a dose rate of 3.8 krad/min for 45 min, were electrically fused with protoplasts of Murcott tangor ( C. reticulata×C. sinensis ) that were treated with 0.25 mmol/L iodoacetic acid for 15 min. It took nearly 15 months for the fusion_derived calli to develop into embryoids that were only originated in the medium of MT supplemented with 2% glycerol. The shoots were recalcitrant to rooting in the root_induction medium. In vitro grafting was employed to produce whole plants though one self_rooting plant was obtained. Cytological determination of root and shoot tips showed mainly diploid and aneuploid cells, together with few tetraploid cells in some plants. RAPD (random amplified polymorphism DNA) analysis with 10_mer primers demonstrated that bands specific to the fusion parents were detected in the regenerated plants, indicating that interspecific somatic hybrids have been obtained via protoplast asymmetric fusion in Citrus .展开更多
基金supported by the"863"Project in China(#863-819-01-03)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong,China(#990315).
文摘Aneuploidy embryos of Pinctada martensii Dunker are produced during tetraploid induction by inhibiting the first polar body in eggs from triploid fertilized with haploid sperms with cytochalasin B treatment. Chromosome analysis reveals that there are 88.18 ±6.79% aneuploidy embryos, and 28.70% aneuploids in pearl oysters of one-year age These aneuploids have five chromosomal conditions, such as 2n + 1(29), 2n + 2 (30), 3n-2 (40), 3n-1(41) and 3n + 1 (43). Results of growth measurement show that there is no significant difference between aneuploids (as a group) and diploids in body size and weight (p ＞ 0.10), but the aneuploide is obviously different from triploid (p ＜ 0.01). The mean body size and weight of aneuploids in diploid condition (2n ± 1 and 2n ± 2) are significantly smaller than those of diploids (p ＜ 0.01),but aneuploids within triploid condition (3n ± 1 and 3n ± 2) are not smaller than diploids in body size and weight (p ＞ 0.1).This study indicates Pinctada martensii Dunker could tolerate aneuploidy by 7 ～ 14% of the haploid genome, and that aneuploids of this species are viable under certain conditions.
文摘Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of DNA ploidy status in colorectal cancers with patients＇ prognosis and also the relationship of DNA ploidy status with expression of the colorectal cancer stem cell marker CD133. Methods： The DNA ploidy status and CD 133 expression in colorectal cancers were detected by flow cytometry. The clinicopathological characteristics and progression-free survival analysis of patients was evaluated based on the clinical data. Results： DNA ploidy pattern did not correlated with gender, age, lesion diameter, histological type, depth of tumor invasion, lymphatic invasion and Dukes stage. Only primary lesion cite showed significant correlation with DNA ploidy pattern, more aneuploids were observed in colonic cancer than rectal cancer, P 〈 0.05. The 2-year progress/on-free survival rate and total progression-free time in patients with aneuploids were lower than that with diploids, P 〈 0.05. Tumors contained aneuploids showed higher expression of CD133 than tumors of only diploids, P 〈 0.05. Conclusion： Tumor DNA ploidy status is a significant prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer and also associated with the existence of CD133 positive colorectal cancer stem cells.
基金supported(as a PI unless otherwise indicated)by one NIH R01 grant(#CA271915)by two Breakthrough Level 2 grants from the US DoD BCRP(#BC180476P1,#BC210945)+10 种基金by a grant from the STARR Cancer Consortium(#I16--0064)by a Transformative Breast Cancer Consortium Grant from the US DoD BCRP(#W81XWH2120034,PI:Formenti)by a U54 grant from NIH/NCI(#CA274291,PI:Deasy,Formenti,Weichselbaum).by the 2019 Laura Ziskin Prize in Translational Research(#ZP-6177,PI:Formenti)from the Stand Up to Cancer(SU2C)by a Mantle Cell Lymphoma Research Initiative(MCL-RI,PI:Chen-Kiang)grant from the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society(LLS)by a Rapid Response Grant from the Functional Genomics Initiative(New York,US)by a pre-SPORE grant(PI:Demaria,Formenti),a Collaborative Research Initiative Grant and a Clinical Trials Innovation Grant from the Sandra and Ed of Radiation Oncology at Weill Cornell Medicine(New York,US)by startup funds from Fox Chase Cancer Center(Philadelphia,US)by industrial collaborations with Lytix Biopharma(Oslo,Norway),Promontory(New York,US)and Onxeo(Paris,France)by donations from Promontory(New York,US),the Luke Heller TECPR2 Foundation(Boston,US),Sotio a.s.(Prague,Czech Republic),Lytix Biopharma(Oslo,Norway),Onxeo(Paris,France),Ricerchiamo(Brescia,Italy),and Noxopharm(Chatswood,Australia)supported by funding from Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro AIRC,IG 2022 ID.27685CARESS Fondazione Piemontese per la Ricerca sul Cancro(FRPC)5×1000 Intramural Grant,and startup grants from the Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine and Compagnia di San Paolo.
文摘Most cancer cells harbor gross chromosomal alterations that result in an aneuploid karyotype.Lin et al.recently demonstrated that mammary epithelia from healthy women contain clonally expanded aneuploid cell populations that share considerable genomic traits with invasive breast tumors,potentially representing malignant precursors that have not yet evaded immunosurveillance[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30070413) and China Scholarship Council. References
文摘Interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations have been widely used in plant genetics and breeding to construct stocks for genetic analysis and to introduce into crops the desirable traits and genes from their relatives. The intergeneric crosses between Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss., B. carinata A. Braun and Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz were made and the plants produced were subjected to genomic in situ hybridization analysis. The mixoploids from the cross with B. juncea were divided into three groups. The partially fertile mixoploids in the first group (2n = 36—42) mainly contained the somatic cells and pollen mother cells (PMCs) with the 36 chromosomes of B. juncea and additional chromosomes of O. violaceus. The mixoploids (2n = 30—36) in the second and third groups were morphologically quite similar to the mother plants B. juncea and showed nearly normal fertility. The plants in the second group produced the majority of PMCs (2n = 36) with their chromosomes paired and segregated normally, but 1—4 pairs of the O. violaceus chromosomes were included in some PMCs. The plants in the third group produced only PMCs with the 36 B. juncea chromosomes, which were paired and segregated normally. The mixoploids (2n = 29—34) from the cross with B. carinata produced the majority of PMCs (2n = 34) with normal chromosome pairing and segregation, but some plants had some PMCs with 1—3 pairs of chromosomes from O. violaceus and other plants had only PMCs with the B. carinata chromosomes. The Brassica homozygous plants and aneuploids with complete or partial chromo-some complements of Brassica parents and various numbers of O. violaceus chromosomes were derived from these progeny plants. The results in this study provided the molecular cytogenetic evidence for the separation of parental genomes which was previously proposed to occur in the hybridizations of these two genera.
基金Beijing Municipal Science and Technol-ogy Commission(grant number Z211100002921013)Tongzhou Liang-gao Talents Project(grant number YH201920)+2 种基金Beijing Municipal Public Welfare Development and Reform Pilot Project for Medical Research In-stitutes(grant number JYY2024-14)Beijing Municipal Public Wel-fare Development and Reform Pilot Project for Medical Research Insti-tutes(grant number JYY2023-15)We thank all participants and their families for supporting this study.
文摘Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive disease characterized by early metastasis. Ane- uploid CD31- disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) and CD31+ disseminated tumor endothelial cells (DTECs) residing in the bone marrow are generally considered as the initiators of metastatic process. However, the clinical signifi- cance of DTCs and DTECs in SCLC remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical implications of diverse subtypes of highly heterogeneous DTCs and DTECs in SCLC patients. Methods: Subtraction enrichment and immunostaining-fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH) was applied to enrich and perform comprehensive morphologic, karyotypic, and phenotypic characterization of aneuploid DTCs and DTECs in 30 patients. Additionally, co-detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor endothelial cells (CTECs) was conducted on 24 of the enrolled patients. Proof-of-concept of the whole exon sequencings (WES) on precisely selected different subtypes of CTCs or DTCs, longitudinally detected from a representative case with pathologically confirmed bone marrow metastasis, was validated to feasibly reveal genetic mutations in these cells. Results: DTCs, DTECs and their subtypes were readily detectable in SCLC patients. Comparative analysis re- vealed that the number of DTCs and DTECs was significantly higher than that of their corresponding CTCs and CTECs ( P < 0.001 for both). Positive detection of disseminated tumor microemboli (DTM) or disseminated tumor endothelial microemboli (DTEM) was associated with inferior survival outcomes ( P = 0.046 and P = 0.048). Pa- tients with EpCAM+ DTCs detectable displayed significantly lower disease control rate (DCR) (16.67% vs 73.33%, P = 0.019), reduced median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) compared with those with EpCAM- DTCs ( P = 0.028 and P = 0.002, respectively). WES analysis indicated that post-treatment DTCs isolated from bone marrow at the time of disease progression shared more homologous somatic gene mu- tations with pre-treatment CTCs compared with post-treatment CTCs. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that bone marrow sampling and characterization of DTC subtypes provided a valuable tool for predicting treatment response and the prognosis in SCLC. Moreover, DTCs inherit a greater amount of homologous somatic information from pre-treatment CTCs, indicating their potential role in disease progression and treatment resistance.
基金TheNational Natural Science Foundation of China(3983026039625017)the International Foundation for Science(D/3001_1)
文摘Protoplasts of Valencia sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis Osb.),irradiated by X_ray with a dose rate of 3.8 krad/min for 45 min, were electrically fused with protoplasts of Murcott tangor ( C. reticulata×C. sinensis ) that were treated with 0.25 mmol/L iodoacetic acid for 15 min. It took nearly 15 months for the fusion_derived calli to develop into embryoids that were only originated in the medium of MT supplemented with 2% glycerol. The shoots were recalcitrant to rooting in the root_induction medium. In vitro grafting was employed to produce whole plants though one self_rooting plant was obtained. Cytological determination of root and shoot tips showed mainly diploid and aneuploid cells, together with few tetraploid cells in some plants. RAPD (random amplified polymorphism DNA) analysis with 10_mer primers demonstrated that bands specific to the fusion parents were detected in the regenerated plants, indicating that interspecific somatic hybrids have been obtained via protoplast asymmetric fusion in Citrus .
