Aneuploidy embryos of Pinctada martensii Dunker are produced during tetraploid induction by inhibiting the first polar body in eggs from triploid fertilized with haploid sperms with cytochalasin B treatment. Chromosom...Aneuploidy embryos of Pinctada martensii Dunker are produced during tetraploid induction by inhibiting the first polar body in eggs from triploid fertilized with haploid sperms with cytochalasin B treatment. Chromosome analysis reveals that there are 88.18 ±6.79% aneuploidy embryos, and 28.70% aneuploids in pearl oysters of one-year age These aneuploids have five chromosomal conditions, such as 2n + 1(29), 2n + 2 (30), 3n-2 (40), 3n-1(41) and 3n + 1 (43). Results of growth measurement show that there is no significant difference between aneuploids (as a group) and diploids in body size and weight (p ＞ 0.10), but the aneuploide is obviously different from triploid (p ＜ 0.01). The mean body size and weight of aneuploids in diploid condition (2n ± 1 and 2n ± 2) are significantly smaller than those of diploids (p ＜ 0.01),but aneuploids within triploid condition (3n ± 1 and 3n ± 2) are not smaller than diploids in body size and weight (p ＞ 0.1).This study indicates Pinctada martensii Dunker could tolerate aneuploidy by 7 ～ 14% of the haploid genome, and that aneuploids of this species are viable under certain conditions.展开更多
Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of DNA ploidy status in colorectal cancers with patients＇ prognosis and also the relationship of DNA ploidy status with expression of the colorecta...Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of DNA ploidy status in colorectal cancers with patients＇ prognosis and also the relationship of DNA ploidy status with expression of the colorectal cancer stem cell marker CD133. Methods： The DNA ploidy status and CD 133 expression in colorectal cancers were detected by flow cytometry. The clinicopathological characteristics and progression-free survival analysis of patients was evaluated based on the clinical data. Results： DNA ploidy pattern did not correlated with gender, age, lesion diameter, histological type, depth of tumor invasion, lymphatic invasion and Dukes stage. Only primary lesion cite showed significant correlation with DNA ploidy pattern, more aneuploids were observed in colonic cancer than rectal cancer, P 〈 0.05. The 2-year progress/on-free survival rate and total progression-free time in patients with aneuploids were lower than that with diploids, P 〈 0.05. Tumors contained aneuploids showed higher expression of CD133 than tumors of only diploids, P 〈 0.05. Conclusion： Tumor DNA ploidy status is a significant prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer and also associated with the existence of CD133 positive colorectal cancer stem cells.展开更多
Most cancer cells harbor gross chromosomal alterations that result in an aneuploid karyotype.Lin et al.recently demonstrated that mammary epithelia from healthy women contain clonally expanded aneuploid cell populatio...Most cancer cells harbor gross chromosomal alterations that result in an aneuploid karyotype.Lin et al.recently demonstrated that mammary epithelia from healthy women contain clonally expanded aneuploid cell populations that share considerable genomic traits with invasive breast tumors,potentially representing malignant precursors that have not yet evaded immunosurveillance[1].展开更多
Interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations have been widely used in plant genetics and breeding to construct stocks for genetic analysis and to introduce into crops the desirable traits and genes from their relativ...Interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations have been widely used in plant genetics and breeding to construct stocks for genetic analysis and to introduce into crops the desirable traits and genes from their relatives. The intergeneric crosses between Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss., B. carinata A. Braun and Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz were made and the plants produced were subjected to genomic in situ hybridization analysis. The mixoploids from the cross with B. juncea were divided into three groups. The partially fertile mixoploids in the first group (2n = 36—42) mainly contained the somatic cells and pollen mother cells (PMCs) with the 36 chromosomes of B. juncea and additional chromosomes of O. violaceus. The mixoploids (2n = 30—36) in the second and third groups were morphologically quite similar to the mother plants B. juncea and showed nearly normal fertility. The plants in the second group produced the majority of PMCs (2n = 36) with their chromosomes paired and segregated normally, but 1—4 pairs of the O. violaceus chromosomes were included in some PMCs. The plants in the third group produced only PMCs with the 36 B. juncea chromosomes, which were paired and segregated normally. The mixoploids (2n = 29—34) from the cross with B. carinata produced the majority of PMCs (2n = 34) with normal chromosome pairing and segregation, but some plants had some PMCs with 1—3 pairs of chromosomes from O. violaceus and other plants had only PMCs with the B. carinata chromosomes. The Brassica homozygous plants and aneuploids with complete or partial chromo-some complements of Brassica parents and various numbers of O. violaceus chromosomes were derived from these progeny plants. The results in this study provided the molecular cytogenetic evidence for the separation of parental genomes which was previously proposed to occur in the hybridizations of these two genera.展开更多
Protoplasts of Valencia sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis Osb.),irradiated by X_ray with a dose rate of 3.8 krad/min for 45 min, were electrically fused with protoplasts of Murcott tangor ( C. reticulata×C. sin...Protoplasts of Valencia sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis Osb.),irradiated by X_ray with a dose rate of 3.8 krad/min for 45 min, were electrically fused with protoplasts of Murcott tangor ( C. reticulata×C. sinensis ) that were treated with 0.25 mmol/L iodoacetic acid for 15 min. It took nearly 15 months for the fusion_derived calli to develop into embryoids that were only originated in the medium of MT supplemented with 2% glycerol. The shoots were recalcitrant to rooting in the root_induction medium. In vitro grafting was employed to produce whole plants though one self_rooting plant was obtained. Cytological determination of root and shoot tips showed mainly diploid and aneuploid cells, together with few tetraploid cells in some plants. RAPD (random amplified polymorphism DNA) analysis with 10_mer primers demonstrated that bands specific to the fusion parents were detected in the regenerated plants, indicating that interspecific somatic hybrids have been obtained via protoplast asymmetric fusion in Citrus .展开更多
基金supported by the"863"Project in China(#863-819-01-03)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong,China(#990315).
文摘Aneuploidy embryos of Pinctada martensii Dunker are produced during tetraploid induction by inhibiting the first polar body in eggs from triploid fertilized with haploid sperms with cytochalasin B treatment. Chromosome analysis reveals that there are 88.18 ±6.79% aneuploidy embryos, and 28.70% aneuploids in pearl oysters of one-year age These aneuploids have five chromosomal conditions, such as 2n + 1(29), 2n + 2 (30), 3n-2 (40), 3n-1(41) and 3n + 1 (43). Results of growth measurement show that there is no significant difference between aneuploids (as a group) and diploids in body size and weight (p ＞ 0.10), but the aneuploide is obviously different from triploid (p ＜ 0.01). The mean body size and weight of aneuploids in diploid condition (2n ± 1 and 2n ± 2) are significantly smaller than those of diploids (p ＜ 0.01),but aneuploids within triploid condition (3n ± 1 and 3n ± 2) are not smaller than diploids in body size and weight (p ＞ 0.1).This study indicates Pinctada martensii Dunker could tolerate aneuploidy by 7 ～ 14% of the haploid genome, and that aneuploids of this species are viable under certain conditions.
文摘Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of DNA ploidy status in colorectal cancers with patients＇ prognosis and also the relationship of DNA ploidy status with expression of the colorectal cancer stem cell marker CD133. Methods： The DNA ploidy status and CD 133 expression in colorectal cancers were detected by flow cytometry. The clinicopathological characteristics and progression-free survival analysis of patients was evaluated based on the clinical data. Results： DNA ploidy pattern did not correlated with gender, age, lesion diameter, histological type, depth of tumor invasion, lymphatic invasion and Dukes stage. Only primary lesion cite showed significant correlation with DNA ploidy pattern, more aneuploids were observed in colonic cancer than rectal cancer, P 〈 0.05. The 2-year progress/on-free survival rate and total progression-free time in patients with aneuploids were lower than that with diploids, P 〈 0.05. Tumors contained aneuploids showed higher expression of CD133 than tumors of only diploids, P 〈 0.05. Conclusion： Tumor DNA ploidy status is a significant prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer and also associated with the existence of CD133 positive colorectal cancer stem cells.
基金supported(as a PI unless otherwise indicated)by one NIH R01 grant(#CA271915)by two Breakthrough Level 2 grants from the US DoD BCRP(#BC180476P1,#BC210945)+10 种基金by a grant from the STARR Cancer Consortium(#I16--0064)by a Transformative Breast Cancer Consortium Grant from the US DoD BCRP(#W81XWH2120034,PI:Formenti)by a U54 grant from NIH/NCI(#CA274291,PI:Deasy,Formenti,Weichselbaum).by the 2019 Laura Ziskin Prize in Translational Research(#ZP-6177,PI:Formenti)from the Stand Up to Cancer(SU2C)by a Mantle Cell Lymphoma Research Initiative(MCL-RI,PI:Chen-Kiang)grant from the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society(LLS)by a Rapid Response Grant from the Functional Genomics Initiative(New York,US)by a pre-SPORE grant(PI:Demaria,Formenti),a Collaborative Research Initiative Grant and a Clinical Trials Innovation Grant from the Sandra and Ed of Radiation Oncology at Weill Cornell Medicine(New York,US)by startup funds from Fox Chase Cancer Center(Philadelphia,US)by industrial collaborations with Lytix Biopharma(Oslo,Norway),Promontory(New York,US)and Onxeo(Paris,France)by donations from Promontory(New York,US),the Luke Heller TECPR2 Foundation(Boston,US),Sotio a.s.(Prague,Czech Republic),Lytix Biopharma(Oslo,Norway),Onxeo(Paris,France),Ricerchiamo(Brescia,Italy),and Noxopharm(Chatswood,Australia)supported by funding from Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro AIRC,IG 2022 ID.27685CARESS Fondazione Piemontese per la Ricerca sul Cancro(FRPC)5×1000 Intramural Grant,and startup grants from the Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine and Compagnia di San Paolo.
文摘Most cancer cells harbor gross chromosomal alterations that result in an aneuploid karyotype.Lin et al.recently demonstrated that mammary epithelia from healthy women contain clonally expanded aneuploid cell populations that share considerable genomic traits with invasive breast tumors,potentially representing malignant precursors that have not yet evaded immunosurveillance[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30070413) and China Scholarship Council. References
文摘Interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations have been widely used in plant genetics and breeding to construct stocks for genetic analysis and to introduce into crops the desirable traits and genes from their relatives. The intergeneric crosses between Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss., B. carinata A. Braun and Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz were made and the plants produced were subjected to genomic in situ hybridization analysis. The mixoploids from the cross with B. juncea were divided into three groups. The partially fertile mixoploids in the first group (2n = 36—42) mainly contained the somatic cells and pollen mother cells (PMCs) with the 36 chromosomes of B. juncea and additional chromosomes of O. violaceus. The mixoploids (2n = 30—36) in the second and third groups were morphologically quite similar to the mother plants B. juncea and showed nearly normal fertility. The plants in the second group produced the majority of PMCs (2n = 36) with their chromosomes paired and segregated normally, but 1—4 pairs of the O. violaceus chromosomes were included in some PMCs. The plants in the third group produced only PMCs with the 36 B. juncea chromosomes, which were paired and segregated normally. The mixoploids (2n = 29—34) from the cross with B. carinata produced the majority of PMCs (2n = 34) with normal chromosome pairing and segregation, but some plants had some PMCs with 1—3 pairs of chromosomes from O. violaceus and other plants had only PMCs with the B. carinata chromosomes. The Brassica homozygous plants and aneuploids with complete or partial chromo-some complements of Brassica parents and various numbers of O. violaceus chromosomes were derived from these progeny plants. The results in this study provided the molecular cytogenetic evidence for the separation of parental genomes which was previously proposed to occur in the hybridizations of these two genera.
文摘【目的】牡丹与芍药杂交产生的芍药属组间杂种(Paeonia Itoh Group)是重要的新兴观赏植物。之前的研究均未在组间杂种中发现三倍体(2n=3x=15,ABC)以外的倍性,以及A、B基因组间的染色体易位。通过扩大研究材料范围、改进核型分析技术,旨在检测组间杂种中是否存在其他倍性和染色体异源易位现象,探究组间杂种性状与染色体组成的关系,为芍药属组间杂种产生机制及性状遗传规律奠定理论基础。【方法】利用双色基因组原位杂交(genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)和rDNA荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术,对‘粉云飞荷’芍药(2n=2x=10,CC)ב金帝’牡丹(2n=2x=10,AB)组合产生的11个组间杂交后代进行核型分析;利用流式细胞术检测组间杂种‘京华幻彩’叶片形态与倍性的关系。【结果】9个材料为三倍体(2n=3x=15,ABC),其中,在2个三倍体中发现A、B基因组间的染色体易位,包括2A与2B、3A与3B染色体间的相互易位,以及3A与3B染色体间的非相互易位。另外2个组间杂种中,‘京蕊紫’为二倍体(2n=2x=10,AC),而‘京华幻彩’具有二倍体(2n=2x=10,AC)和近三倍体(2n=3x-1=14,AB^(-1)C)等不同核型,在不同分株苗中,不同核型独立存在或呈嵌合状态,其中,不裂叶片均为二倍体,而开裂叶片为近三倍体、近二倍体或包含近三倍体的嵌合体。不同倍性的组间杂种具有高度一致的性状,包括生活型均为草本、花盘均为革质、雌雄蕊均高度不育等;但叶型、花色、花期等性状在不同倍性间存在明显差异。【结论】证实了三倍化是组间杂种形成的主要途径,新发现的少数二倍体可能是由三倍体或近三倍体在体细胞有丝分裂过程中发生B基因组染色体丢失形成。倍性差异对组间杂种性状有重要影响,来自亲本的3个亚基因组均与组间杂种性状的形成有密切关系。揭示了芍药属组间杂种染色体核型的多样性及其形成机制。
基金TheNational Natural Science Foundation of China(3983026039625017)the International Foundation for Science(D/3001_1)
文摘Protoplasts of Valencia sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis Osb.),irradiated by X_ray with a dose rate of 3.8 krad/min for 45 min, were electrically fused with protoplasts of Murcott tangor ( C. reticulata×C. sinensis ) that were treated with 0.25 mmol/L iodoacetic acid for 15 min. It took nearly 15 months for the fusion_derived calli to develop into embryoids that were only originated in the medium of MT supplemented with 2% glycerol. The shoots were recalcitrant to rooting in the root_induction medium. In vitro grafting was employed to produce whole plants though one self_rooting plant was obtained. Cytological determination of root and shoot tips showed mainly diploid and aneuploid cells, together with few tetraploid cells in some plants. RAPD (random amplified polymorphism DNA) analysis with 10_mer primers demonstrated that bands specific to the fusion parents were detected in the regenerated plants, indicating that interspecific somatic hybrids have been obtained via protoplast asymmetric fusion in Citrus .
文摘目的:分析常规体外受精和单精子显微注射周期中来源于单原核受精卵胚胎性染色体的异常率。方法:应用FITCT、exas red标记的X/Y染色体着丝粒部位α卫星重复序列探针,对常规体外受精和单精子显微注射周期中来源于单原核受精卵的胚胎进行荧光原位杂交(fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH),分析其性染色体的异常率和性染色体类型。结果:共分析来自常规体外受精和单精子显微注射周期中来源于单原核受精卵的胚胎111个。总胚胎固定率为92.80%,胚胎杂交率为95.15%。有杂交信号的常规体外受精后单原核受精卵发育来的胚胎中,胚胎性染色体二体率为54.35%,单体率为23.91%,嵌合体率为21.74%。有杂交信号的单精子显微注射后单原核受精卵发育来的胚胎中,胚胎性染色体二体率为34.62%,单体率为34.62%,嵌合体率为30.77%。结论:常规体外受精和单精子显微注射周期中来源于单原核受精卵的胚胎有高于正常的性染色体异常率,不利于进行胚胎移植;前者性染色体二体率显著高于后者。
