The configuration of a spoiler plays a crucial role in the aerodynamics of a vehicle.In particular,investigating the impact of spoiler design on aerodynamic performance is essential for effectively reducing drag and o...The configuration of a spoiler plays a crucial role in the aerodynamics of a vehicle.In particular,investigating the impact of spoiler design on aerodynamic performance is essential for effectively reducing drag and optimizing efficiency.This study focuses on the 35°Ahmed body as the test model and examines six different spoiler types mounted on its slant surface.Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)in XFlow and the Large Eddy Simulation(LES)technique,the aerodynamic effects of these spoilers were analyzed.The numerical approach was validated against published experimental data.Results indicate that aerodynamic drag is strongly influenced by the spoiler’s opening area,with certain configurations achieving a drag reduction as high as 6.5%.This configuration effectively suppresses airflow separation in the wake of the Ahmed body,reducing the formation of separation bubbles on the slant surface and enhancing pressure recovery on both the slant and base regions.The observed pressure recovery is attributed to the reduction in vortex loop breadth and length.展开更多
AIM:To present a case series of rapid-onset neovascular glaucoma(NVG)accompanied by vitreous haemorrhage(VH)following cataract surgery in diabetic patients,and to evaluate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)com...AIM:To present a case series of rapid-onset neovascular glaucoma(NVG)accompanied by vitreous haemorrhage(VH)following cataract surgery in diabetic patients,and to evaluate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)combined with Ahmed glaucoma valve(AGV)implantation.METHODS:This is a retrospective,single-center,consecutive case series.All patients underwent 23-gauge PPV with AGV implantation 2–3d after intravitreal ranibizumab injection(IVR).The minimum postoperative follow-up period lasted 12mo.The primary outcome measures included bestcorrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),and topical hypotensive medications.RESULTS:Fifteen diabetic patients(age,46–81y)with rapid-onset NVG and VH following uncomplicated phacoemulsification were included.The median time to the initial NVG diagnosis following cataract surgery was within 4wk.After PPV combined with AGV implantation,the mean BCVA(logMAR)improved from 1.9(range:1.0 to 2.6)preoperatively to 1.2(range:0.2 to 2.6)at the final follow-up.Baseline BCVA and the presence of diabetic nephropathy(DN)were significantly associated with the final BCVA in the multiple regression model.The mean postoperative IOP at all follow-up visits was significantly reduced compared to baseline.At the final follow-up,9 patients required one or two topical ocular hypotensive medications,while the other 6 needed not.Success was achieved in 87%,and the reoperation rate was 20%.The majority of NVG cases(9/15)were primarily attributed to the rapid progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.However,a notable subset(6 eyes)was complicated retinal vein occlusion or carotid artery occlusion.CONCLUSION:PPV combined with AGV implantation after adjuvant IVR for rapid-onset NVG with VH following diabetic cataract surgery is one of the safe and effective treatments.Baseline BCVA and preexisting DN may be potential indicators for visual outcomes.展开更多
AIM:To present the clinical outcomes in efficacy and safety of the Ahmed ClearPath®(ACP)250 mm2 model as well as our surgical technique.METHODS:Single-center prospective interventional study of uncontrolled glauc...AIM:To present the clinical outcomes in efficacy and safety of the Ahmed ClearPath®(ACP)250 mm2 model as well as our surgical technique.METHODS:Single-center prospective interventional study of uncontrolled glaucoma eyes undergoing ACP implantation,as a standalone procedure or in combination with cataract phacoemulsification.Intraocular pressure(IOP)was evaluated prior to surgery and 1wk,1,3,6mo and 1y postoperatively.In addition,the number of antiglaucoma drugs and intra and postoperative complications were assessed.RESULTS:A total of 30 eyes of 28 patients were included in the study.The patients were on average 72.8(13.4)years old and 53.6%were male.Totally 40%of the eyes had primary open angle glaucoma,16.7%had neovascular glaucoma,16.7%had pseudoexfoliative glaucoma,10%had glaucoma secondary to pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade,6.7%had aphakic glaucoma,6.7%had primary congenital glaucoma and 3.3%had pigmentary glaucoma.Before surgery mean IOP was 26.1(10.8)mm Hg and mean glaucoma medication use was 3.7(0.5).At 1,3,6 and 12mo mean IOP was 16.1,11.7,11.8 and 11.5 mm Hg,respectively.Mean glaucoma medication use was 1.9,1.5,1.2 and 1.2,respectively.At 1y,complete surgical success was found in 46.7%patients(n=14)and qualified success in 53.3%(n=16).There were no intraoperative complications.Postoperative complications include choroidal effusion(n=5),transient hyphema(n=2),early hypotony with shallow anterior chamber(n=2)and late hemorrhagic choroidal detachment(n=1).CONCLUSION:The ACP appears to be an efficient surgical option for treating refractory glaucoma,achieving good IOP control and decreasing medication burden.The results obtained at 6mo are an important prognostic factor for long-term outcomes.展开更多
The wheels have a considerable influence on the aerodynamic properties and can contribute up to 25%of the total drag on modern vehicles.In this study,the effect of the wheel spoke structure on the aerodynamic performa...The wheels have a considerable influence on the aerodynamic properties and can contribute up to 25%of the total drag on modern vehicles.In this study,the effect of the wheel spoke structure on the aerodynamic performance of the isolated wheel is investigated.Subsequently,the 35°Ahmed body with an optimized spoke structure is used to analyze the flow behavior and the mechanism of drag reduction.The Fluent software is employed for this investigation,with an inlet velocity of 40 m/s.The accuracy of the numerical study is validated by comparing it with experimental results obtained from the classical Ahmed model.To gain a clearer understanding of the effects of the wheel spoke parameters on the aerodynamics of both the wheel and Ahmedmodel,and five design variables are proposed:the fillet angleα,the inside arc radius R1,the outside radius R2,and the same length of the chord L1 and L2.These variables characterize the wheel spoke structure.The Optimal Latin Hypercube designmethod is utilized to conduct the experimental design.Based on the simulation results of various wheel spoke designs,the Kriging model and the adaptive simulated annealing algorithm is selected to optimize the design parameters.The objective is to achieve the best combination for maximum drag reduction.It is indicated that the optimized spoke structure resulted in amaximum drag reduction of 5.7%and 4.7%for the drag coefficient of the isolated wheel and Ahmed body,respectively.The drag reduction is primarily attributed to changes in the flow state around the wheel,which suppressed separation bubbles.Additionally,it influenced the boundary layer thickness around the car body and reduced the turbulent kinetic energy in the wake flow.These effects collectively contributed to the observed drag reduction.展开更多
Altwijri and Alsirhy reported a case of uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome after an Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation surgery in an advanced primary open-angle glaucoma patient,being the first ever recorded of its kind...Altwijri and Alsirhy reported a case of uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome after an Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation surgery in an advanced primary open-angle glaucoma patient,being the first ever recorded of its kind.The author describes the position of the tube as the origin of the anterior chamber inflam-mation and hyphema,which resolved shortly after shortening and relocating it.This publication emphasizes the importance of precise implant positioning and close-up patient follow-up after glaucoma filtration surgery as an important standard for healthcare providers.展开更多
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272366,No.52072156)the Postdoctoral Foundation of China(2020M682269)。
文摘The configuration of a spoiler plays a crucial role in the aerodynamics of a vehicle.In particular,investigating the impact of spoiler design on aerodynamic performance is essential for effectively reducing drag and optimizing efficiency.This study focuses on the 35°Ahmed body as the test model and examines six different spoiler types mounted on its slant surface.Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)in XFlow and the Large Eddy Simulation(LES)technique,the aerodynamic effects of these spoilers were analyzed.The numerical approach was validated against published experimental data.Results indicate that aerodynamic drag is strongly influenced by the spoiler’s opening area,with certain configurations achieving a drag reduction as high as 6.5%.This configuration effectively suppresses airflow separation in the wake of the Ahmed body,reducing the formation of separation bubbles on the slant surface and enhancing pressure recovery on both the slant and base regions.The observed pressure recovery is attributed to the reduction in vortex loop breadth and length.
基金Supported by Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(No.202140183).
文摘AIM:To present a case series of rapid-onset neovascular glaucoma(NVG)accompanied by vitreous haemorrhage(VH)following cataract surgery in diabetic patients,and to evaluate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)combined with Ahmed glaucoma valve(AGV)implantation.METHODS:This is a retrospective,single-center,consecutive case series.All patients underwent 23-gauge PPV with AGV implantation 2–3d after intravitreal ranibizumab injection(IVR).The minimum postoperative follow-up period lasted 12mo.The primary outcome measures included bestcorrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),and topical hypotensive medications.RESULTS:Fifteen diabetic patients(age,46–81y)with rapid-onset NVG and VH following uncomplicated phacoemulsification were included.The median time to the initial NVG diagnosis following cataract surgery was within 4wk.After PPV combined with AGV implantation,the mean BCVA(logMAR)improved from 1.9(range:1.0 to 2.6)preoperatively to 1.2(range:0.2 to 2.6)at the final follow-up.Baseline BCVA and the presence of diabetic nephropathy(DN)were significantly associated with the final BCVA in the multiple regression model.The mean postoperative IOP at all follow-up visits was significantly reduced compared to baseline.At the final follow-up,9 patients required one or two topical ocular hypotensive medications,while the other 6 needed not.Success was achieved in 87%,and the reoperation rate was 20%.The majority of NVG cases(9/15)were primarily attributed to the rapid progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.However,a notable subset(6 eyes)was complicated retinal vein occlusion or carotid artery occlusion.CONCLUSION:PPV combined with AGV implantation after adjuvant IVR for rapid-onset NVG with VH following diabetic cataract surgery is one of the safe and effective treatments.Baseline BCVA and preexisting DN may be potential indicators for visual outcomes.
文摘AIM:To present the clinical outcomes in efficacy and safety of the Ahmed ClearPath®(ACP)250 mm2 model as well as our surgical technique.METHODS:Single-center prospective interventional study of uncontrolled glaucoma eyes undergoing ACP implantation,as a standalone procedure or in combination with cataract phacoemulsification.Intraocular pressure(IOP)was evaluated prior to surgery and 1wk,1,3,6mo and 1y postoperatively.In addition,the number of antiglaucoma drugs and intra and postoperative complications were assessed.RESULTS:A total of 30 eyes of 28 patients were included in the study.The patients were on average 72.8(13.4)years old and 53.6%were male.Totally 40%of the eyes had primary open angle glaucoma,16.7%had neovascular glaucoma,16.7%had pseudoexfoliative glaucoma,10%had glaucoma secondary to pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade,6.7%had aphakic glaucoma,6.7%had primary congenital glaucoma and 3.3%had pigmentary glaucoma.Before surgery mean IOP was 26.1(10.8)mm Hg and mean glaucoma medication use was 3.7(0.5).At 1,3,6 and 12mo mean IOP was 16.1,11.7,11.8 and 11.5 mm Hg,respectively.Mean glaucoma medication use was 1.9,1.5,1.2 and 1.2,respectively.At 1y,complete surgical success was found in 46.7%patients(n=14)and qualified success in 53.3%(n=16).There were no intraoperative complications.Postoperative complications include choroidal effusion(n=5),transient hyphema(n=2),early hypotony with shallow anterior chamber(n=2)and late hemorrhagic choroidal detachment(n=1).CONCLUSION:The ACP appears to be an efficient surgical option for treating refractory glaucoma,achieving good IOP control and decreasing medication burden.The results obtained at 6mo are an important prognostic factor for long-term outcomes.
基金funding of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52072156,51605198)Postdoctoral Foundation of China (2020M682269).
文摘The wheels have a considerable influence on the aerodynamic properties and can contribute up to 25%of the total drag on modern vehicles.In this study,the effect of the wheel spoke structure on the aerodynamic performance of the isolated wheel is investigated.Subsequently,the 35°Ahmed body with an optimized spoke structure is used to analyze the flow behavior and the mechanism of drag reduction.The Fluent software is employed for this investigation,with an inlet velocity of 40 m/s.The accuracy of the numerical study is validated by comparing it with experimental results obtained from the classical Ahmed model.To gain a clearer understanding of the effects of the wheel spoke parameters on the aerodynamics of both the wheel and Ahmedmodel,and five design variables are proposed:the fillet angleα,the inside arc radius R1,the outside radius R2,and the same length of the chord L1 and L2.These variables characterize the wheel spoke structure.The Optimal Latin Hypercube designmethod is utilized to conduct the experimental design.Based on the simulation results of various wheel spoke designs,the Kriging model and the adaptive simulated annealing algorithm is selected to optimize the design parameters.The objective is to achieve the best combination for maximum drag reduction.It is indicated that the optimized spoke structure resulted in amaximum drag reduction of 5.7%and 4.7%for the drag coefficient of the isolated wheel and Ahmed body,respectively.The drag reduction is primarily attributed to changes in the flow state around the wheel,which suppressed separation bubbles.Additionally,it influenced the boundary layer thickness around the car body and reduced the turbulent kinetic energy in the wake flow.These effects collectively contributed to the observed drag reduction.
文摘Altwijri and Alsirhy reported a case of uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome after an Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation surgery in an advanced primary open-angle glaucoma patient,being the first ever recorded of its kind.The author describes the position of the tube as the origin of the anterior chamber inflam-mation and hyphema,which resolved shortly after shortening and relocating it.This publication emphasizes the importance of precise implant positioning and close-up patient follow-up after glaucoma filtration surgery as an important standard for healthcare providers.
