This commentary critically appraises the study by Li et al which pioneered the exploration of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index as a prognostic marker in hepatitis B virus-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma pa...This commentary critically appraises the study by Li et al which pioneered the exploration of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index as a prognostic marker in hepatitis B virus-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing combined camrelizumab and lenvatinib therapy.While we acknowledge the study’s clinical relevance in proposing an easily accessible metabolic biomarker,we delve into the mechanistic plausibility linking insulin resistance to immunotherapy response and angiogenic inhibition.We further critically examine the methodological limitations,including the retrospective design,the populationspecific TyG cut-off value,and unaddressed metabolic confounders.We highlight the imperative for future research to validate its utility across diverse etiologies and treatment settings,and to unravel the underlying immunometabolic pathways.展开更多
Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI ...Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI chip to solve these AI tasks efficiently and powerfully.Rapid progress has been made in the field of advanced chips recently,such as the development of photonic computing,the advancement of the quantum processors,the boost of the biomimetic chips,and so on.Designs tactics of the advanced chips can be conducted with elaborated consideration of materials,algorithms,models,architectures,and so on.Though a few reviews present the development of the chips from their unique aspects,reviews in the view of the latest design for advanced and AI chips are few.Here,the newest development is systematically reviewed in the field of advanced chips.First,background and mechanisms are summarized,and subsequently most important considerations for co-design of the software and hardware are illustrated.Next,strategies are summed up to obtain advanced and AI chips with high excellent performance by taking the important information processing steps into consideration,after which the design thought for the advanced chips in the future is proposed.Finally,some perspectives are put forward.展开更多
Yunhe County in Lishui City,southwestern Zhejiang Province,doesn’t have any Disney castles.Instead,it has built bridges to the world with wood.Known as“China’s town of wooden toys,”accounting for about 40 percent ...Yunhe County in Lishui City,southwestern Zhejiang Province,doesn’t have any Disney castles.Instead,it has built bridges to the world with wood.Known as“China’s town of wooden toys,”accounting for about 40 percent of the global wooden toy market,Yunhe’s story began with a small factory established in 1970.Today,it has grown into a distinctive industrial cluster with an annual output value exceeding 8 billion yuan($1.15 billion),exporting products to 82 countries and regions.展开更多
Promoting the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and producer services is not only a key path for metropolitan to climb the global value chain,but also an important new driving force for optimizing urban spati...Promoting the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and producer services is not only a key path for metropolitan to climb the global value chain,but also an important new driving force for optimizing urban spatial structure.Based on the two dimen-sions of industrial linkage and spatial co-agglomeration from the perspective of industrial integration,taking Beijing,China as a case,using industrial input-output data,micro-enterprise spatial data,and methods such as industrial linkage model,standard deviation el-lipse,and spatial similarity coefficient,this study explores the coupling relationship between industrial linkage and spatial co-agglomer-ation of advanced manufacturing and producer services from 2007 to 2020.The results demonstrate that:1)the industrial linkage between advanced manufacturing and producer services in Beijing has an upward trend,in which the business services have the most significant improvement,in which the business services have the most improvement while the technology services have the most de-crease,but in general,the industrial linkage between the two industries shows a low level.2)Producer services were more spatially clustered than advanced manufacturing,and the degree of spatial co-agglomeration of the two also showed an increasing trend,with strong regional and industrial heterogeneity characteristics,among which the pairing industry involving commerce services and techno-logy services had a more obvious improvement.3)The coupling analysis found that the spatial dependence between advanced manufac-turing and producer services decreased,showing a weak positive correlation and a decreasing trend between industrial linkage and spa-tial co-agglomeration;the heterogeneity among subdivision pairs is prominent,and the strong correlation between industries does not mean that there is an inevitable spatial co-agglomeration.4)Based on the differences in coupling relationships and influence mechan-isms,four coupling modes are identified:H-H type,H-L type,L-L type,and L-H type.Finally,this study proposes three policy implica-tions for the integration of advanced manufacturing and producer services in metropolitan areas.展开更多
Carbon fibers(CFs)with notable comprehensive properties,such as light weight,high specific strength,and stiffness,have garnered considerable interest in both academic and industrial fields due to their diverse and adv...Carbon fibers(CFs)with notable comprehensive properties,such as light weight,high specific strength,and stiffness,have garnered considerable interest in both academic and industrial fields due to their diverse and advanced applications.However,the commonly utilized precursors,such as polyacrylonitrile and pitch,exhibit a lack of environmental sustainability,and their costs are heavily reliant on fluctuating petroleum prices.To meet the substantial market demand for CFs,significant efforts have been made to develop cost-effective and sustainable CFs derived from biomass.Lignin,the most abundant polyphenolic compound in nature,is emerging as a promising precursor which is well-suited for the production of CFs due to its renewable nature,low cost,high carbon content,and aromatic structures.Nevertheless,the majority of lignin raw materials are currently derived from pulping and biorefining industrial by-products,which are diverse and heterogeneous in nature,restricting the industrialization of lignin-derived CFs.This review classifies fossil-derived and biomass-derived CFs,starting from the sources and chemical structures of raw lignin,and outlines the preparation methods linked to the performance of lignin-derived CFs.A comprehensive discussion is presented on the relationship between the structural characteristics of lignin,spinning preparation,and structure-morphology-property of ligninderived CFs.Additionally,the potential applications of these materials in various domains,including energy,catalysis,composites,and other advanced products,are also described with the objective of spotlighting the unique merits of lignin.Finally,the current challenges faced and future prospects for the advancement of lignin-derived CFs are proposed.展开更多
文摘This commentary critically appraises the study by Li et al which pioneered the exploration of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index as a prognostic marker in hepatitis B virus-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing combined camrelizumab and lenvatinib therapy.While we acknowledge the study’s clinical relevance in proposing an easily accessible metabolic biomarker,we delve into the mechanistic plausibility linking insulin resistance to immunotherapy response and angiogenic inhibition.We further critically examine the methodological limitations,including the retrospective design,the populationspecific TyG cut-off value,and unaddressed metabolic confounders.We highlight the imperative for future research to validate its utility across diverse etiologies and treatment settings,and to unravel the underlying immunometabolic pathways.
基金supported by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(1-WZ1Y,1-W34U,4-YWER).
文摘Recent years have witnessed transformative changes brought about by artificial intelligence(AI)techniques with billions of parameters for the realization of high accuracy,proposing high demand for the advanced and AI chip to solve these AI tasks efficiently and powerfully.Rapid progress has been made in the field of advanced chips recently,such as the development of photonic computing,the advancement of the quantum processors,the boost of the biomimetic chips,and so on.Designs tactics of the advanced chips can be conducted with elaborated consideration of materials,algorithms,models,architectures,and so on.Though a few reviews present the development of the chips from their unique aspects,reviews in the view of the latest design for advanced and AI chips are few.Here,the newest development is systematically reviewed in the field of advanced chips.First,background and mechanisms are summarized,and subsequently most important considerations for co-design of the software and hardware are illustrated.Next,strategies are summed up to obtain advanced and AI chips with high excellent performance by taking the important information processing steps into consideration,after which the design thought for the advanced chips in the future is proposed.Finally,some perspectives are put forward.
文摘Yunhe County in Lishui City,southwestern Zhejiang Province,doesn’t have any Disney castles.Instead,it has built bridges to the world with wood.Known as“China’s town of wooden toys,”accounting for about 40 percent of the global wooden toy market,Yunhe’s story began with a small factory established in 1970.Today,it has grown into a distinctive industrial cluster with an annual output value exceeding 8 billion yuan($1.15 billion),exporting products to 82 countries and regions.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42371181)。
文摘Promoting the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and producer services is not only a key path for metropolitan to climb the global value chain,but also an important new driving force for optimizing urban spatial structure.Based on the two dimen-sions of industrial linkage and spatial co-agglomeration from the perspective of industrial integration,taking Beijing,China as a case,using industrial input-output data,micro-enterprise spatial data,and methods such as industrial linkage model,standard deviation el-lipse,and spatial similarity coefficient,this study explores the coupling relationship between industrial linkage and spatial co-agglomer-ation of advanced manufacturing and producer services from 2007 to 2020.The results demonstrate that:1)the industrial linkage between advanced manufacturing and producer services in Beijing has an upward trend,in which the business services have the most significant improvement,in which the business services have the most improvement while the technology services have the most de-crease,but in general,the industrial linkage between the two industries shows a low level.2)Producer services were more spatially clustered than advanced manufacturing,and the degree of spatial co-agglomeration of the two also showed an increasing trend,with strong regional and industrial heterogeneity characteristics,among which the pairing industry involving commerce services and techno-logy services had a more obvious improvement.3)The coupling analysis found that the spatial dependence between advanced manufac-turing and producer services decreased,showing a weak positive correlation and a decreasing trend between industrial linkage and spa-tial co-agglomeration;the heterogeneity among subdivision pairs is prominent,and the strong correlation between industries does not mean that there is an inevitable spatial co-agglomeration.4)Based on the differences in coupling relationships and influence mechan-isms,four coupling modes are identified:H-H type,H-L type,L-L type,and L-H type.Finally,this study proposes three policy implica-tions for the integration of advanced manufacturing and producer services in metropolitan areas.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:32171717,32271814Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality,Grant/Award Numbers:24JCJQJC00030,22JCYBJC01560,23JCZDJC00630China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2023M740562。
文摘Carbon fibers(CFs)with notable comprehensive properties,such as light weight,high specific strength,and stiffness,have garnered considerable interest in both academic and industrial fields due to their diverse and advanced applications.However,the commonly utilized precursors,such as polyacrylonitrile and pitch,exhibit a lack of environmental sustainability,and their costs are heavily reliant on fluctuating petroleum prices.To meet the substantial market demand for CFs,significant efforts have been made to develop cost-effective and sustainable CFs derived from biomass.Lignin,the most abundant polyphenolic compound in nature,is emerging as a promising precursor which is well-suited for the production of CFs due to its renewable nature,low cost,high carbon content,and aromatic structures.Nevertheless,the majority of lignin raw materials are currently derived from pulping and biorefining industrial by-products,which are diverse and heterogeneous in nature,restricting the industrialization of lignin-derived CFs.This review classifies fossil-derived and biomass-derived CFs,starting from the sources and chemical structures of raw lignin,and outlines the preparation methods linked to the performance of lignin-derived CFs.A comprehensive discussion is presented on the relationship between the structural characteristics of lignin,spinning preparation,and structure-morphology-property of ligninderived CFs.Additionally,the potential applications of these materials in various domains,including energy,catalysis,composites,and other advanced products,are also described with the objective of spotlighting the unique merits of lignin.Finally,the current challenges faced and future prospects for the advancement of lignin-derived CFs are proposed.
