近日,一篇发表在《The British Journal of Psychiatry》杂志上的研究显示,超过一半的成人注意缺陷多动障碍(attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)患者并无童年期症状史,提示“成人迟发型ADHD”可能是一种独立的临床现象。...近日,一篇发表在《The British Journal of Psychiatry》杂志上的研究显示,超过一半的成人注意缺陷多动障碍(attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)患者并无童年期症状史,提示“成人迟发型ADHD”可能是一种独立的临床现象。该研究指出,ADHD长期被定义为起病于12岁前的神经发育障碍,但最新数据表明,许多成年人是在成年后首次出现注意力缺陷和执行功能障碍的。若不强求“童年起病”,全球成人ADHD患病率将从2.6%增至6.8%。此外,研究还发现ADHD患病率存在明显地域差异,如肯尼亚青少年患病率接近发达国家,而印尼和越南显著较低,可能与文化、诊断标准适用性及医疗资源分配相关。展开更多
Background Raising a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a key challenge for the primary caregiver.This systematic review aims to identify major burdens facing the primary caregiver of a child ...Background Raising a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a key challenge for the primary caregiver.This systematic review aims to identify major burdens facing the primary caregiver of a child with ADHD.Methods The electronic databases CINAHL,PubMed,and Google Scholar were searched for studies published in English from 2017 to 2022 assessing the challenges facing caregivers of a child with ADHD.The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model was used to assess quality and risk of bias of studies identified for inclusion.Articles were synthesized by evaluating principal themes of burden to caregivers,stress of caregivers,and effectiveness of intervention programs.Results Eleven articles were included in this review and included a total of 2426 participants.Findings revealed that caregivers of children with ADHD have a poor quality of life and high stress levels.Supportive parenting programs can be effective for improved coping and adaptation mechanisms with children with ADHD.However,few interventional studies were identified,increasing potential for bias.No meta-analysis was conducted.Conclusion Caregivers of children with ADHD can benefit from strategies to improve their quality of life and reduce their stress levels.Targeted parenting programs can make a positive difference in the well-being of caregivers and children with ADHD.Additional research is needed to address the evidence-based effectiveness of parenting support programs.展开更多
The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most common disorders in the childhood and adolescence population, but also in the reproductive period, affects and influences learning, social relations...The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most common disorders in the childhood and adolescence population, but also in the reproductive period, affects and influences learning, social relations and their quality of life. There are strong neuropathological similarities between ADHD and various concomitant psychiatric conditions. ADHD frequently coexists with learning and language disabilities, sleep disorders, impulse control personality and anxiety disorders, intellectual disability, substance use disorders and mood disorders, as well as autism spectrum disorders and tic disorders. The overlapping symptoms of ADHD and other morbidities constitute challenges but also an imperative need for the experts to be able to detect and clarify so as to achieve the proper diagnosis and the relative treatment. The expression of the disease differs accordingly depending on the age group and the presence of comorbidities. In school-age, symptoms of ADHD include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. In adolescence, depending on the gender, hyperactivity decreases but the problems in learning and psychopathology still remain. Therefore, it is recommended that when ADHD coexists with other psychopathologies in childhood and adolescence to first and directly treat the most weakened condition so that the child or the adolescent can change the course of their psychiatric morbidity and improve their ability to function and socialize.展开更多
目的系统综述身体活动对注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童青少年工作记忆的影响,对影响干预效果的因素进行梳理,并讨论影响机制。方法采用主题词检索法,共检索Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、EBSCO、The Cochrane Library、ProQuest、CNKI等7...目的系统综述身体活动对注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童青少年工作记忆的影响,对影响干预效果的因素进行梳理,并讨论影响机制。方法采用主题词检索法,共检索Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、EBSCO、The Cochrane Library、ProQuest、CNKI等7个数据库,检索时间范围为建库至2024年1月,从文献中提取作者和国家等10项内容,并采用物理治疗证据数据库(PEDro)量表对文献进行质量评价,然后进行系统综述。结果最终纳入15篇文献,来自6个国家,13项是随机对照试验,2项是随机临床试验,共涉及813例研究对象,主要以男性为主。所有纳入研究的质量平均分为7.26分,整体研究质量较好。结论纳入文献中共有11篇(73.3%)显示身体活动可以改善ADHD儿童青少年的工作记忆,且持续4周及以上,30~60 min/次、3次/周的开放式运动技能和有氧运动等中等强度训练,效果可能更佳。展开更多
文摘近日,一篇发表在《The British Journal of Psychiatry》杂志上的研究显示,超过一半的成人注意缺陷多动障碍(attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)患者并无童年期症状史,提示“成人迟发型ADHD”可能是一种独立的临床现象。该研究指出,ADHD长期被定义为起病于12岁前的神经发育障碍,但最新数据表明,许多成年人是在成年后首次出现注意力缺陷和执行功能障碍的。若不强求“童年起病”,全球成人ADHD患病率将从2.6%增至6.8%。此外,研究还发现ADHD患病率存在明显地域差异,如肯尼亚青少年患病率接近发达国家,而印尼和越南显著较低,可能与文化、诊断标准适用性及医疗资源分配相关。
文摘Background Raising a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a key challenge for the primary caregiver.This systematic review aims to identify major burdens facing the primary caregiver of a child with ADHD.Methods The electronic databases CINAHL,PubMed,and Google Scholar were searched for studies published in English from 2017 to 2022 assessing the challenges facing caregivers of a child with ADHD.The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model was used to assess quality and risk of bias of studies identified for inclusion.Articles were synthesized by evaluating principal themes of burden to caregivers,stress of caregivers,and effectiveness of intervention programs.Results Eleven articles were included in this review and included a total of 2426 participants.Findings revealed that caregivers of children with ADHD have a poor quality of life and high stress levels.Supportive parenting programs can be effective for improved coping and adaptation mechanisms with children with ADHD.However,few interventional studies were identified,increasing potential for bias.No meta-analysis was conducted.Conclusion Caregivers of children with ADHD can benefit from strategies to improve their quality of life and reduce their stress levels.Targeted parenting programs can make a positive difference in the well-being of caregivers and children with ADHD.Additional research is needed to address the evidence-based effectiveness of parenting support programs.
文摘The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most common disorders in the childhood and adolescence population, but also in the reproductive period, affects and influences learning, social relations and their quality of life. There are strong neuropathological similarities between ADHD and various concomitant psychiatric conditions. ADHD frequently coexists with learning and language disabilities, sleep disorders, impulse control personality and anxiety disorders, intellectual disability, substance use disorders and mood disorders, as well as autism spectrum disorders and tic disorders. The overlapping symptoms of ADHD and other morbidities constitute challenges but also an imperative need for the experts to be able to detect and clarify so as to achieve the proper diagnosis and the relative treatment. The expression of the disease differs accordingly depending on the age group and the presence of comorbidities. In school-age, symptoms of ADHD include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. In adolescence, depending on the gender, hyperactivity decreases but the problems in learning and psychopathology still remain. Therefore, it is recommended that when ADHD coexists with other psychopathologies in childhood and adolescence to first and directly treat the most weakened condition so that the child or the adolescent can change the course of their psychiatric morbidity and improve their ability to function and socialize.
