近日,一篇发表在《The British Journal of Psychiatry》杂志上的研究显示,超过一半的成人注意缺陷多动障碍(attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)患者并无童年期症状史,提示“成人迟发型ADHD”可能是一种独立的临床现象。...近日,一篇发表在《The British Journal of Psychiatry》杂志上的研究显示,超过一半的成人注意缺陷多动障碍(attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)患者并无童年期症状史,提示“成人迟发型ADHD”可能是一种独立的临床现象。该研究指出,ADHD长期被定义为起病于12岁前的神经发育障碍,但最新数据表明,许多成年人是在成年后首次出现注意力缺陷和执行功能障碍的。若不强求“童年起病”,全球成人ADHD患病率将从2.6%增至6.8%。此外,研究还发现ADHD患病率存在明显地域差异,如肯尼亚青少年患病率接近发达国家,而印尼和越南显著较低,可能与文化、诊断标准适用性及医疗资源分配相关。展开更多
Background Raising a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a key challenge for the primary caregiver.This systematic review aims to identify major burdens facing the primary caregiver of a child ...Background Raising a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a key challenge for the primary caregiver.This systematic review aims to identify major burdens facing the primary caregiver of a child with ADHD.Methods The electronic databases CINAHL,PubMed,and Google Scholar were searched for studies published in English from 2017 to 2022 assessing the challenges facing caregivers of a child with ADHD.The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model was used to assess quality and risk of bias of studies identified for inclusion.Articles were synthesized by evaluating principal themes of burden to caregivers,stress of caregivers,and effectiveness of intervention programs.Results Eleven articles were included in this review and included a total of 2426 participants.Findings revealed that caregivers of children with ADHD have a poor quality of life and high stress levels.Supportive parenting programs can be effective for improved coping and adaptation mechanisms with children with ADHD.However,few interventional studies were identified,increasing potential for bias.No meta-analysis was conducted.Conclusion Caregivers of children with ADHD can benefit from strategies to improve their quality of life and reduce their stress levels.Targeted parenting programs can make a positive difference in the well-being of caregivers and children with ADHD.Additional research is needed to address the evidence-based effectiveness of parenting support programs.展开更多
目的系统综述身体活动对注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童青少年工作记忆的影响,对影响干预效果的因素进行梳理,并讨论影响机制。方法采用主题词检索法,共检索Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、EBSCO、The Cochrane Library、ProQuest、CNKI等7...目的系统综述身体活动对注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童青少年工作记忆的影响,对影响干预效果的因素进行梳理,并讨论影响机制。方法采用主题词检索法,共检索Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、EBSCO、The Cochrane Library、ProQuest、CNKI等7个数据库,检索时间范围为建库至2024年1月,从文献中提取作者和国家等10项内容,并采用物理治疗证据数据库(PEDro)量表对文献进行质量评价,然后进行系统综述。结果最终纳入15篇文献,来自6个国家,13项是随机对照试验,2项是随机临床试验,共涉及813例研究对象,主要以男性为主。所有纳入研究的质量平均分为7.26分,整体研究质量较好。结论纳入文献中共有11篇(73.3%)显示身体活动可以改善ADHD儿童青少年的工作记忆,且持续4周及以上,30~60 min/次、3次/周的开放式运动技能和有氧运动等中等强度训练,效果可能更佳。展开更多
A growing body of studies and systematic reviews show evidence of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on core symptoms of ADHD. Furthermore, studies indicate that physical exercise as an adjuvant can enhance t...A growing body of studies and systematic reviews show evidence of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on core symptoms of ADHD. Furthermore, studies indicate that physical exercise as an adjuvant can enhance the effects of medication in the treatment of ADHD. Aerobic and coordinative exercises improve executive functioning through their effect on neurocognitive domains that are implicated in ADHD. It is postulated that through their specific modus operandi, aerobic exercise, by raising cortical arousal levels, improves impaired alerting functions whereas coordinative exercises improve the regulation of inhibitory control through the involvement of a higher variety of frontal-dependent cognitive processes. The increasing use of routine neurocognitive testing with continuous performance tests (CPT), such as the QbTest, at clinical assessments for ADHD allows for an innovative approach to identify the assessment impairments in alerting function and inhibition control that are related to ADHD and accordingly choose aerobic or coordinative physical exercise in a more targeted fashion.展开更多
45X/46XY mosaicism is a rare chromosome disease. The apparent prevalence of males and females with 45X/46XY is 5.6 and 2.1 per 100,000 liveborn males and females. We present a boy who had a developmental delay with hy...45X/46XY mosaicism is a rare chromosome disease. The apparent prevalence of males and females with 45X/46XY is 5.6 and 2.1 per 100,000 liveborn males and females. We present a boy who had a developmental delay with hypospadias. He was referred to pediatric genetics and was diagnosed with 45X/46XY mosaicism by peripheral blood chromosome examination. During serial rehabilitation programs, his speech delay was caught up. But his poor attention and hyperactivity are obvious progressively. We should pay attention to these patients, not only physical conditions but also psychological problems.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of atomoxetine hydrochloride (ATX) combined with psychological-behavioral modification therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Methods: ...Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of atomoxetine hydrochloride (ATX) combined with psychological-behavioral modification therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Methods: A total of 60 cases of ADHD children admitted to our hospital between November 2021 and November 2022 were selected and randomly grouped into Group I and Group II. There were 30 cases in Group I who were treated with ATX combined with psychological-behavioral modification therapy. There were 30 cases in Group II who were treated with ATX monotherapy, and the therapeutic effects were compared. Results: Before treatment, there was no difference in the behavioral problem scores and cognitive function indexes of the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the behavioral problem scores of Group I were lower than those of Group II, and the cognitive function indicators of Group I were lower than those of Group II (P < 0.05). The adverse reaction rate of Group I was lower than that of Group II, and the total effective rate was higher than that of Group II (P < 0.05). Conclusion: ATX combined with psychological-behavioral modification therapy improved the behavioral problems of ADHD children, enhanced their cognitive function, and reduced the adverse reactions to drug treatment.展开更多
文摘近日,一篇发表在《The British Journal of Psychiatry》杂志上的研究显示,超过一半的成人注意缺陷多动障碍(attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)患者并无童年期症状史,提示“成人迟发型ADHD”可能是一种独立的临床现象。该研究指出,ADHD长期被定义为起病于12岁前的神经发育障碍,但最新数据表明,许多成年人是在成年后首次出现注意力缺陷和执行功能障碍的。若不强求“童年起病”,全球成人ADHD患病率将从2.6%增至6.8%。此外,研究还发现ADHD患病率存在明显地域差异,如肯尼亚青少年患病率接近发达国家,而印尼和越南显著较低,可能与文化、诊断标准适用性及医疗资源分配相关。
文摘Background Raising a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a key challenge for the primary caregiver.This systematic review aims to identify major burdens facing the primary caregiver of a child with ADHD.Methods The electronic databases CINAHL,PubMed,and Google Scholar were searched for studies published in English from 2017 to 2022 assessing the challenges facing caregivers of a child with ADHD.The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model was used to assess quality and risk of bias of studies identified for inclusion.Articles were synthesized by evaluating principal themes of burden to caregivers,stress of caregivers,and effectiveness of intervention programs.Results Eleven articles were included in this review and included a total of 2426 participants.Findings revealed that caregivers of children with ADHD have a poor quality of life and high stress levels.Supportive parenting programs can be effective for improved coping and adaptation mechanisms with children with ADHD.However,few interventional studies were identified,increasing potential for bias.No meta-analysis was conducted.Conclusion Caregivers of children with ADHD can benefit from strategies to improve their quality of life and reduce their stress levels.Targeted parenting programs can make a positive difference in the well-being of caregivers and children with ADHD.Additional research is needed to address the evidence-based effectiveness of parenting support programs.
文摘A growing body of studies and systematic reviews show evidence of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on core symptoms of ADHD. Furthermore, studies indicate that physical exercise as an adjuvant can enhance the effects of medication in the treatment of ADHD. Aerobic and coordinative exercises improve executive functioning through their effect on neurocognitive domains that are implicated in ADHD. It is postulated that through their specific modus operandi, aerobic exercise, by raising cortical arousal levels, improves impaired alerting functions whereas coordinative exercises improve the regulation of inhibitory control through the involvement of a higher variety of frontal-dependent cognitive processes. The increasing use of routine neurocognitive testing with continuous performance tests (CPT), such as the QbTest, at clinical assessments for ADHD allows for an innovative approach to identify the assessment impairments in alerting function and inhibition control that are related to ADHD and accordingly choose aerobic or coordinative physical exercise in a more targeted fashion.
文摘45X/46XY mosaicism is a rare chromosome disease. The apparent prevalence of males and females with 45X/46XY is 5.6 and 2.1 per 100,000 liveborn males and females. We present a boy who had a developmental delay with hypospadias. He was referred to pediatric genetics and was diagnosed with 45X/46XY mosaicism by peripheral blood chromosome examination. During serial rehabilitation programs, his speech delay was caught up. But his poor attention and hyperactivity are obvious progressively. We should pay attention to these patients, not only physical conditions but also psychological problems.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of atomoxetine hydrochloride (ATX) combined with psychological-behavioral modification therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Methods: A total of 60 cases of ADHD children admitted to our hospital between November 2021 and November 2022 were selected and randomly grouped into Group I and Group II. There were 30 cases in Group I who were treated with ATX combined with psychological-behavioral modification therapy. There were 30 cases in Group II who were treated with ATX monotherapy, and the therapeutic effects were compared. Results: Before treatment, there was no difference in the behavioral problem scores and cognitive function indexes of the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the behavioral problem scores of Group I were lower than those of Group II, and the cognitive function indicators of Group I were lower than those of Group II (P < 0.05). The adverse reaction rate of Group I was lower than that of Group II, and the total effective rate was higher than that of Group II (P < 0.05). Conclusion: ATX combined with psychological-behavioral modification therapy improved the behavioral problems of ADHD children, enhanced their cognitive function, and reduced the adverse reactions to drug treatment.
