Spinal cord injuries have overwhelming physical and occupational implications for patients.Moreover,the extensive and long-term medical care required for spinal cord injury significantly increases healthcare costs and...Spinal cord injuries have overwhelming physical and occupational implications for patients.Moreover,the extensive and long-term medical care required for spinal cord injury significantly increases healthcare costs and resources,adding a substantial burden to the healthcare system and patients'families.In this context,chondroitinase ABC,a bacterial enzyme isolated from Proteus vulgaris that is modified to facilitate expression and secretion in mammals,has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent.It works by degrading chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans,cleaving the glycosaminoglycanchains of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans into soluble disaccharides or tetrasaccharides.Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are potent axon growth inhibitors and principal constituents of the extracellular matrix surrounding glial and neuronal cells attached to glycosaminoglycan chains.Chondroitinase ABC has been shown to play an effective role in promoting recovery from acute and chronic spinal cord injury by improving axonal regeneration and sprouting,enhancing the plasticity of perineuronal nets,inhibiting neuronal apoptosis,and modulating immune responses in various animal models.In this review,we introduce the classification and pathological mechanisms of spinal cord injury and discuss the pathophysiological role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in spinal cord injury.We also highlight research advancements in spinal cord injury treatment strategies,with a focus on chondroitinase ABC,and illustrate how improvements in chondroitinase ABC stability,enzymatic activity,and delivery methods have enhanced injured spinal cord repair.Furthermore,we emphasize that combination treatment with chondroitinase ABC further enhances therapeutic efficacy.This review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current trends and future directions of chondroitinase ABC-based spinal cord injury therapies,with an emphasis on how modern technologies are accelerating the optimization of chondroitinase ABC development.展开更多
This paper reports the preparation of three di‑iron complexes containing a thiazole moiety.Esterification of complex[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OH)S)](1)with 4‑methylthiazole‑5‑carboxylic acid gave the correspo...This paper reports the preparation of three di‑iron complexes containing a thiazole moiety.Esterification of complex[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OH)S)](1)with 4‑methylthiazole‑5‑carboxylic acid gave the corresponding ester[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑tedt)](2),where tedt=SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OOC(5‑C_(3)HNSCH_(3)))S.Further reactions of complex 2 with tri(ptolyl)phosphine(tp)or tris(4‑fluorophenyl)phosphine(fp)gave the phosphine‑substituted derivatives[Fe_(2)(CO)_(5)(tp)(μ‑tedt)](3)and[Fe_(2)(CO)_(5)(fp)(μ‑tedt)](4).The structures of the newly prepared complexes were elucidated by elemental analysis,NMR,IR,and X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Moreover,single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction analysis confirmed their molecular structures,showing that they contain a di‑iron core ligated by a bridged dithiolate bearing a thiazole moiety and terminal carbonyls.The electrochemical and electrocatalytic proton reduction were probed by cyclic voltammetry,revealing that three complexes can catalyze the reduction of protons to H_(2) under the electrochemical conditions.For comparison,complex 4 possessed the best efficiency with a turnover frequency of 23.5 s^(-1)at 10 mmol·L^(-1)HOAc concentration.In addition,the fungicidal activity of these complexes was also investigated in this study.CCDC:2477511,2;2477512,3;2477513,4.展开更多
Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticle...Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticles were chlorinated by NaClO solution to get AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑based chloramine nano‑hybrid materials,denoted as AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of the as‑prepared samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.At the same time,an X‑ray diffractometer and an infrared spectroscope were utilized to characterize their crystal and chemical structures.Besides,ζpotentials were measured to elucidate the surface modification of AgCl nanoparticles by—NH_(2),the antibacterial mechanism of AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl was investigated by scanning electron microscopy,and Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were used as the to‑be‑tested strains to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.Findings demonstrate that sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS exhibits a chain‑like structure ascribed to the interaction between—NH_(2),and each AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticle contains several AgCl cores.In the meantime,sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus,which is attributed to the synergistic antibacterial effect of Ag^(+)and Cl^(-).Sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl with a dosage of 640.00μg·mL^(-1) could completely kill the two kinds of tested bacteria in 12 h of incubation;it retains a high antibacterial efficiency even after 10 cycles of antibacterial tests.展开更多
The plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the causative agent of Sclerotinia stem rot(SSR)disease in most dicotyledons.Among the various proteins involved in drug efflux or substance transport,ATP-bindin...The plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the causative agent of Sclerotinia stem rot(SSR)disease in most dicotyledons.Among the various proteins involved in drug efflux or substance transport,ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters constitute a superfamily of membrane-bound proteins that may play a crucial role in the survival of S.sclerotiorum.However,the expression patterns and functions of ABC transporter genes in S.sclerotiorum remain largely uncharacterized.This study characterized a highly expressed S.sclerotiorum ABC transporter gene during inoculation on host plants,Ss BMR1.Silencing Ss BMR1 resulted in a significant reduction in hyphal growth,infection cushion development,sclerotia formation,and virulence.Moreover,host-induced gene silencing(HIGS)of Ss BMR1 significantly enhanced plant resistance.Transcriptome and metabolomics analyses suggested that Ss BMR1 is involved in antioxidant and toxin transport,thereby influencing fungal defense and cell rescue mechanisms.In comparison to the wild-type strain,Ss BMR1 gene-silenced transformants exhibited a diminished response to extracellar oxidative stress and a decreased exporting of antioxidant glutathione.Tolerance assays further demonstrated the crucial role of Ss BMR1 in conferring resistance to the plant antifungal substances,camalexin and brassinin,as well as certain fungicides.Furthermore,Ss BMR1 gene-silenced transformants showed enhanced repression on virulence when sprayed with camalexin and brassinin on the leaves.Thus,Ss BMR1 likely contributes to virulence by facilitating the export of antioxidant and providing resistance against antifungal agents.The findings of this study provide valuable insights that could contribute to the development of novel management techniques for SSR.展开更多
BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium(POD)is a common and serious complication in surgical patients,particularly older adults.Alterations in cholinergic function have been implicated in its pathophysiology.AIM To evaluate...BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium(POD)is a common and serious complication in surgical patients,particularly older adults.Alterations in cholinergic function have been implicated in its pathophysiology.AIM To evaluate the association between preoperative serum cholinesterase(ChE)activity—specifically butyrylcholinesterase(BuChE)and acetylcholinesterase(AChE)—and the risk of POD in adult surgical patients in a meta-analysis.METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science up to March 28,2025 for studies reporting preoperative serum BuChE or AChE activity in relation to subsequent POD incidence.Standardized mean differences(SMDs)and odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were pooled using random-effects models.Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed based on follow-up duration and analytic models.RESULTS Thirteen studies(n=2730 patients)were included.Patients who developed POD had significantly lower preoperative BuChE activity than those who did not(SMD=-0.28;95%CI:-0.39 to-0.16;I^(2)=18%).Higher BuChE activity was associated with a reduced risk of POD(OR per 100 unit increment=0.97;95%CI:0.95-0.99;I2=0%).In contrast,pooled AChE activity did not differ significantly between POD and non-POD groups(SMD=-0.25;95%CI:-0.53 to 0.03;P=0.08;I^(2)=80%),and the ORs per 1 unit increment in AChE activity were not statistically significant(OR=0.98;95%CI:0.95-1.01).CONCLUSION Lower preoperative serum BuChE activity is associated with an increased risk of POD in adults undergoing surgery.BuChE activity may serve as a potential preoperative biomarker for POD risk stratification.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the extraction process,content determination,and antioxidant properties of flavonoids from Hylocereus undatus(Haw.)Britton&Rose.[Methods]Using H.undatus as the r...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the extraction process,content determination,and antioxidant properties of flavonoids from Hylocereus undatus(Haw.)Britton&Rose.[Methods]Using H.undatus as the raw material,the effects of ethanol concentration,ultrasonic temperature,time,and solid-to-liquid ratio on the total flavonoid yield were investigated through single-factor and orthogonal experiments.[Results]All factors had a significant effect on the yield.The optimized conditions were determined as follows:ethanol concentration 75%,ultrasonic temperature 60℃,ultrasonic time 30 min,and solid-to-liquid ratio 1:50(g/ml).Under these conditions,the total flavonoid yield reached 3.08%.Evaluation of antioxidant activity revealed that the extract exhibited superior scavenging rates against both DPPH and hydroxyl radicals compared with the standard reference compound BHT.[Conclusions]This study holds significant importance for elucidating the pharmacological mechanisms of flavonoids in H.undatus and for expanding their application in medicine and health products.展开更多
Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss...Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.展开更多
Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation...Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation-integrated multimodal photoacoustic/ultrasound(PA/US)imaging framework designed to quantify entheseal oxygen saturation(SO_(2))for assessing entheseal disease activity in PsA.In this cross-sectional study,25 PsA patients underwent bilateral PA/US imaging of 12 entheses,where ultrasound lesions were scored using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology scoring system,and PA-derived SO_(2) levels,quantified via dual-wavelength PA imaging,were classified into hyperoxia or hypoxia groups using k-means clustering.This approach provides metabolic insights complementary to conventional ultrasonic assessment.A composite score integrating hypoxia with US parameters was validated against clinical disease activity indices(Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein,DAS28-CRP;Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis,DAPSA).Among 300 entheses,103(34.3%)exhibited PA positivity,with 40(38.8%)classified as hypoxia.Hypoxia scores independently predicted DAS28-CRP(β=0.618,p=0.001)and DAPSA(β=0.612,p<0:001).The hypoxia-optimized PAUS score demonstrated superior correlation with disease activity indices compared to conventional US(DAS28-CRP:r=0.615,p=0.001 versus r=0.474,p=0.017;DAPSA:r=0.743,p<0:001 versus r=0.567,p=0.003),alongside superior diagnostic accuracy for minimal disease activity(area under the curve,AUC 0.776 versus 0.614,p=0.008)and low disease activity(AUC 0.853 versus 0.772,p=0.009).This multimodal scoring system enhances the stratification of PsA disease activity by providing unique metabolic insights,offering a potential tool for therapeutic monitoring and guiding treat-to-target strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)and obesity(OB)are bidirectionally comorbid conditions with common neurobiological underpinnings.However,the neurocognitive mechanisms of their comorbidity remain poorly unders...BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)and obesity(OB)are bidirectionally comorbid conditions with common neurobiological underpinnings.However,the neurocognitive mechanisms of their comorbidity remain poorly understood.AIM To examine regional abnormalities in spontaneous brain activity among patients with MDD-OB comorbidity.METHODS This study adopted a regional homogeneity(ReHo)analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.The study included 149 hospital patients divided into four groups:Patients experiencing their first episode of drug-naive MDD with OB,patients with MDD without OB,and age-and sex-matched healthy individuals with and without OB.Whole-brain ReHo analysis was conducted using SPM12 software and RESTplus toolkits,with group comparisons via ANOVA and post-hoc tests.Correlations between ReHo values and behavioral measures were examined.RESULTS ANOVA revealed significant whole-brain ReHo differences among the four groups in four key regions:The left middle temporal gyrus(MTG.L),right cuneus,left precuneus,and left thalamus.Post-hoc analyses confirmed pairwise differences between all groups across these regions(P<0.05).OB was associated with ReHo alterations in the MTG.L,right cuneus,and left thalamus,whereas abnormalities in the precuneus suggested synergistic pathological mechanisms between MDD and OB.Statistically significant correlations were found between the drive and fun-seeking dimensions of the behavioral activation system,as well as behavioral inhibition and the corresponding ReHo values.CONCLUSION Our findings provide novel evidence for the neuroadaptive mechanisms underlying the MDD-OB comorbidity.Further validation could lead to personalized interventions targeting MTG.L hyperactivity and targeting healthy food cues.展开更多
The photothermal effect enhances the antibacterial activity by generating localized heat that disrupts microbial cells,leading to increased bacterial inactivation.The objective of this study was to develop and evaluat...The photothermal effect enhances the antibacterial activity by generating localized heat that disrupts microbial cells,leading to increased bacterial inactivation.The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the antibacterial and photothermal applications of polydopamine-berberine nanoparticles(PDA-BBR-NPs),incorporating them into a sodium alginate matrix for food preservation.The self-assembled PDA-BBR-NPs were synthesized using a solution oxidation method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and nanoparticle size analysis.The results demonstrated that PDA-BBR-NPs were uniform spheres with an average diameter of 177.1 nm.Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency tests showed that the optimal formulation had a drug loading capacity of 48.4%and an encapsulation efficiency of 84.70%.Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated using the dilution coating plate method,showing an inhibition rate of over 98%.Photothermal testing under 808 nm near-infrared irradiation revealed a maximum photothermal conversion efficiency of 32.65%.To assess the practical application of the nanoparticles,they were incorporated into a sodium alginate-based coating for the preservation of Kyoho grapes.Key parameters such as weight loss rate,pH,titratable acidity,and soluble solids content were monitored over a 12-day storage period at room temperature.The PDA-BBR-near-infrared spectroscopy-treated group exhibited significantly reduced weight loss rate(6.08%lower than the control group)and a slower decrease in pH.The coating effectively inhibited microbial activity and extended the shelf life of the grapes by 3-6 days compared to the control group.These findings demonstrated the potential of PDA-BBR-NPs to enhance the preservation of fresh produce through their combined antibacterial and photothermal effects,offering a promising method for extending fruit shelf life.展开更多
Background:Early detection of harmful brain activity in critically ill patients using electroencephalography(EEG)is vital for timely and effective clinical intervention.Automating EEG analysis with deep learning techn...Background:Early detection of harmful brain activity in critically ill patients using electroencephalography(EEG)is vital for timely and effective clinical intervention.Automating EEG analysis with deep learning techniques holds significant promise for enhancing diagnostic efficiency and accuracy.Methods:We implemented EfficientNetB2,which leverages convolutional neural networks with a novel Temporal Squeeze-and-Excitation module to capture temporal EEG features,and WaveNet,a sequential model designed to effectively model temporal dependencies in EEG data using dilated causal convolutions and temporal self-attention.Both models were trained and evaluated using a publicly available EEG dataset,with performance assessed via 4-fold cross-validation and a step-wise learning rate reduction strategy.Results:Our results demonstrate a significant reduction in training loss from 0.6459 to 0.3055 and validation loss from 0.9602 to 0.5719 over six epochs.Consistent improvements were observed across cross-validation folds,highlighting the robustness of the models.Additionally,ensemble learning of the two architectures further enhanced classification performance.Conclusion:This comparative analysis sheds light on the strengths and limitations of EfficientNetB2 and WaveNet for automated harmful brain activity detection in EEG signals.The findings contribute to the advancement of reliable and efficient deep learning models,paving the way for their clinical application in managing critically ill patients.展开更多
Aberrant activation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases(RTKs)is a well-established trigger of tumorigenesis,and the over-use of RTK inhibitors often leads to drug resistance and tumor recurrence.While current Drug-Target Int...Aberrant activation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases(RTKs)is a well-established trigger of tumorigenesis,and the over-use of RTK inhibitors often leads to drug resistance and tumor recurrence.While current Drug-Target Interaction(DTI)prediction methods(including those based on heterogeneous information networks)have shown promise,they remain limited in their ability to fully capture the nature of DTIs and often lack interpretability.To overcome these limitations,this study introduces a novel hybrid optimization model termed MDBO-RF,which integrates a Modified Dung Beetle Optimizer(MDBO)with Random Forest(RF).The key innovation lies in the enhancement of the DBO algorithm through a quaternion-based learning mechanism and the Cauchy mutation strategy,specifically designed to overcome the slow convergence and susceptibility to local optima that plague traditional metaheuristic algorithms used for hyperparameter tuning.The model leverages commonly used molecular descriptors to enhance the prediction of Tyrosine Kinase(TK)inhibitory activity and enable efficient compound screening.Our results demonstrate that MDBO-RF achieves a 3.41%increase in prediction accuracy compared to the standard RF model and outperforms several other contemporary machine learning approaches.The model effectively streamlines the RTK inhibitor screening process by improving prediction accuracy in multi-target competitive binding scenarios and reducing false-positive screening due to off-target effects.This work underscores the value of hybrid optimization strategies in bioinformatics and provides a robust,interpretable tool for accelerating drug discovery.展开更多
文摘目的探讨基于ABC-X模型的护理干预在轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)患者中的应用价值。方法选取100例MCI患者,采用随机数表法将其分为观察组和对照组,各50例。观察组使用基于ABC-X模型的护理干预,对照组使用常规护理干预。比较两组患者干预前和干预4周后的焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)、蒙特利尔认知评估(Montreal cognitive assessment,Mo CA)量表、36条简明健康状况调查表(36-item short form health survey,SF-36)评分。结果两组患者在护理干预前SAS、SDS得分、MoCA量表总分、SF-36平均分比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。在干预4周后,观察组患者SAS、SDS得分均显著低于对照组(均P<0.01);Mo CA量表总分、SF-36平均分均显著高于对照组(均P<0.01)。结论在MCI患者中应用基于ABC-X模型的护理干预,能有效缓解其负面情绪,改善认知功能,进而提升其生活质量,因此具备良好的推广应用价值。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82002645China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2022M722321Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent,No.2022ZB552(all to YH)。
文摘Spinal cord injuries have overwhelming physical and occupational implications for patients.Moreover,the extensive and long-term medical care required for spinal cord injury significantly increases healthcare costs and resources,adding a substantial burden to the healthcare system and patients'families.In this context,chondroitinase ABC,a bacterial enzyme isolated from Proteus vulgaris that is modified to facilitate expression and secretion in mammals,has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent.It works by degrading chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans,cleaving the glycosaminoglycanchains of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans into soluble disaccharides or tetrasaccharides.Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are potent axon growth inhibitors and principal constituents of the extracellular matrix surrounding glial and neuronal cells attached to glycosaminoglycan chains.Chondroitinase ABC has been shown to play an effective role in promoting recovery from acute and chronic spinal cord injury by improving axonal regeneration and sprouting,enhancing the plasticity of perineuronal nets,inhibiting neuronal apoptosis,and modulating immune responses in various animal models.In this review,we introduce the classification and pathological mechanisms of spinal cord injury and discuss the pathophysiological role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in spinal cord injury.We also highlight research advancements in spinal cord injury treatment strategies,with a focus on chondroitinase ABC,and illustrate how improvements in chondroitinase ABC stability,enzymatic activity,and delivery methods have enhanced injured spinal cord repair.Furthermore,we emphasize that combination treatment with chondroitinase ABC further enhances therapeutic efficacy.This review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current trends and future directions of chondroitinase ABC-based spinal cord injury therapies,with an emphasis on how modern technologies are accelerating the optimization of chondroitinase ABC development.
文摘This paper reports the preparation of three di‑iron complexes containing a thiazole moiety.Esterification of complex[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OH)S)](1)with 4‑methylthiazole‑5‑carboxylic acid gave the corresponding ester[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑tedt)](2),where tedt=SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OOC(5‑C_(3)HNSCH_(3)))S.Further reactions of complex 2 with tri(ptolyl)phosphine(tp)or tris(4‑fluorophenyl)phosphine(fp)gave the phosphine‑substituted derivatives[Fe_(2)(CO)_(5)(tp)(μ‑tedt)](3)and[Fe_(2)(CO)_(5)(fp)(μ‑tedt)](4).The structures of the newly prepared complexes were elucidated by elemental analysis,NMR,IR,and X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Moreover,single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction analysis confirmed their molecular structures,showing that they contain a di‑iron core ligated by a bridged dithiolate bearing a thiazole moiety and terminal carbonyls.The electrochemical and electrocatalytic proton reduction were probed by cyclic voltammetry,revealing that three complexes can catalyze the reduction of protons to H_(2) under the electrochemical conditions.For comparison,complex 4 possessed the best efficiency with a turnover frequency of 23.5 s^(-1)at 10 mmol·L^(-1)HOAc concentration.In addition,the fungicidal activity of these complexes was also investigated in this study.CCDC:2477511,2;2477512,3;2477513,4.
文摘Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticles were chlorinated by NaClO solution to get AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑based chloramine nano‑hybrid materials,denoted as AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of the as‑prepared samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.At the same time,an X‑ray diffractometer and an infrared spectroscope were utilized to characterize their crystal and chemical structures.Besides,ζpotentials were measured to elucidate the surface modification of AgCl nanoparticles by—NH_(2),the antibacterial mechanism of AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl was investigated by scanning electron microscopy,and Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were used as the to‑be‑tested strains to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.Findings demonstrate that sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS exhibits a chain‑like structure ascribed to the interaction between—NH_(2),and each AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticle contains several AgCl cores.In the meantime,sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus,which is attributed to the synergistic antibacterial effect of Ag^(+)and Cl^(-).Sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl with a dosage of 640.00μg·mL^(-1) could completely kill the two kinds of tested bacteria in 12 h of incubation;it retains a high antibacterial efficiency even after 10 cycles of antibacterial tests.
基金received financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(CSTB2023NSCQMSX0355)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(SWU120075)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372077)。
文摘The plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the causative agent of Sclerotinia stem rot(SSR)disease in most dicotyledons.Among the various proteins involved in drug efflux or substance transport,ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters constitute a superfamily of membrane-bound proteins that may play a crucial role in the survival of S.sclerotiorum.However,the expression patterns and functions of ABC transporter genes in S.sclerotiorum remain largely uncharacterized.This study characterized a highly expressed S.sclerotiorum ABC transporter gene during inoculation on host plants,Ss BMR1.Silencing Ss BMR1 resulted in a significant reduction in hyphal growth,infection cushion development,sclerotia formation,and virulence.Moreover,host-induced gene silencing(HIGS)of Ss BMR1 significantly enhanced plant resistance.Transcriptome and metabolomics analyses suggested that Ss BMR1 is involved in antioxidant and toxin transport,thereby influencing fungal defense and cell rescue mechanisms.In comparison to the wild-type strain,Ss BMR1 gene-silenced transformants exhibited a diminished response to extracellar oxidative stress and a decreased exporting of antioxidant glutathione.Tolerance assays further demonstrated the crucial role of Ss BMR1 in conferring resistance to the plant antifungal substances,camalexin and brassinin,as well as certain fungicides.Furthermore,Ss BMR1 gene-silenced transformants showed enhanced repression on virulence when sprayed with camalexin and brassinin on the leaves.Thus,Ss BMR1 likely contributes to virulence by facilitating the export of antioxidant and providing resistance against antifungal agents.The findings of this study provide valuable insights that could contribute to the development of novel management techniques for SSR.
文摘BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium(POD)is a common and serious complication in surgical patients,particularly older adults.Alterations in cholinergic function have been implicated in its pathophysiology.AIM To evaluate the association between preoperative serum cholinesterase(ChE)activity—specifically butyrylcholinesterase(BuChE)and acetylcholinesterase(AChE)—and the risk of POD in adult surgical patients in a meta-analysis.METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science up to March 28,2025 for studies reporting preoperative serum BuChE or AChE activity in relation to subsequent POD incidence.Standardized mean differences(SMDs)and odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were pooled using random-effects models.Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed based on follow-up duration and analytic models.RESULTS Thirteen studies(n=2730 patients)were included.Patients who developed POD had significantly lower preoperative BuChE activity than those who did not(SMD=-0.28;95%CI:-0.39 to-0.16;I^(2)=18%).Higher BuChE activity was associated with a reduced risk of POD(OR per 100 unit increment=0.97;95%CI:0.95-0.99;I2=0%).In contrast,pooled AChE activity did not differ significantly between POD and non-POD groups(SMD=-0.25;95%CI:-0.53 to 0.03;P=0.08;I^(2)=80%),and the ORs per 1 unit increment in AChE activity were not statistically significant(OR=0.98;95%CI:0.95-1.01).CONCLUSION Lower preoperative serum BuChE activity is associated with an increased risk of POD in adults undergoing surgery.BuChE activity may serve as a potential preoperative biomarker for POD risk stratification.
基金Supported by Zhaoqing University-Zhanjiang Institute for Food and Drug Control Joint Laboratory(52).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the extraction process,content determination,and antioxidant properties of flavonoids from Hylocereus undatus(Haw.)Britton&Rose.[Methods]Using H.undatus as the raw material,the effects of ethanol concentration,ultrasonic temperature,time,and solid-to-liquid ratio on the total flavonoid yield were investigated through single-factor and orthogonal experiments.[Results]All factors had a significant effect on the yield.The optimized conditions were determined as follows:ethanol concentration 75%,ultrasonic temperature 60℃,ultrasonic time 30 min,and solid-to-liquid ratio 1:50(g/ml).Under these conditions,the total flavonoid yield reached 3.08%.Evaluation of antioxidant activity revealed that the extract exhibited superior scavenging rates against both DPPH and hydroxyl radicals compared with the standard reference compound BHT.[Conclusions]This study holds significant importance for elucidating the pharmacological mechanisms of flavonoids in H.undatus and for expanding their application in medicine and health products.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health for the Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research(award No.P20GM144269)support from the Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.KL2TR002367)supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.TL1TR002368)。
文摘Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62325112)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2411700,2023YFC2411705)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A2023)the National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-C-009,2022-PUMCH-B-064,2022-PUMCH-D-002)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2014CB541801).
文摘Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation-integrated multimodal photoacoustic/ultrasound(PA/US)imaging framework designed to quantify entheseal oxygen saturation(SO_(2))for assessing entheseal disease activity in PsA.In this cross-sectional study,25 PsA patients underwent bilateral PA/US imaging of 12 entheses,where ultrasound lesions were scored using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology scoring system,and PA-derived SO_(2) levels,quantified via dual-wavelength PA imaging,were classified into hyperoxia or hypoxia groups using k-means clustering.This approach provides metabolic insights complementary to conventional ultrasonic assessment.A composite score integrating hypoxia with US parameters was validated against clinical disease activity indices(Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein,DAS28-CRP;Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis,DAPSA).Among 300 entheses,103(34.3%)exhibited PA positivity,with 40(38.8%)classified as hypoxia.Hypoxia scores independently predicted DAS28-CRP(β=0.618,p=0.001)and DAPSA(β=0.612,p<0:001).The hypoxia-optimized PAUS score demonstrated superior correlation with disease activity indices compared to conventional US(DAS28-CRP:r=0.615,p=0.001 versus r=0.474,p=0.017;DAPSA:r=0.743,p<0:001 versus r=0.567,p=0.003),alongside superior diagnostic accuracy for minimal disease activity(area under the curve,AUC 0.776 versus 0.614,p=0.008)and low disease activity(AUC 0.853 versus 0.772,p=0.009).This multimodal scoring system enhances the stratification of PsA disease activity by providing unique metabolic insights,offering a potential tool for therapeutic monitoring and guiding treat-to-target strategies.
基金Supported by Provincial Key Research Project of Henan Province,No.232102310081.
文摘BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)and obesity(OB)are bidirectionally comorbid conditions with common neurobiological underpinnings.However,the neurocognitive mechanisms of their comorbidity remain poorly understood.AIM To examine regional abnormalities in spontaneous brain activity among patients with MDD-OB comorbidity.METHODS This study adopted a regional homogeneity(ReHo)analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.The study included 149 hospital patients divided into four groups:Patients experiencing their first episode of drug-naive MDD with OB,patients with MDD without OB,and age-and sex-matched healthy individuals with and without OB.Whole-brain ReHo analysis was conducted using SPM12 software and RESTplus toolkits,with group comparisons via ANOVA and post-hoc tests.Correlations between ReHo values and behavioral measures were examined.RESULTS ANOVA revealed significant whole-brain ReHo differences among the four groups in four key regions:The left middle temporal gyrus(MTG.L),right cuneus,left precuneus,and left thalamus.Post-hoc analyses confirmed pairwise differences between all groups across these regions(P<0.05).OB was associated with ReHo alterations in the MTG.L,right cuneus,and left thalamus,whereas abnormalities in the precuneus suggested synergistic pathological mechanisms between MDD and OB.Statistically significant correlations were found between the drive and fun-seeking dimensions of the behavioral activation system,as well as behavioral inhibition and the corresponding ReHo values.CONCLUSION Our findings provide novel evidence for the neuroadaptive mechanisms underlying the MDD-OB comorbidity.Further validation could lead to personalized interventions targeting MTG.L hyperactivity and targeting healthy food cues.
基金supported by Research Projects of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(LJ212410163008)the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(202410163042)。
文摘The photothermal effect enhances the antibacterial activity by generating localized heat that disrupts microbial cells,leading to increased bacterial inactivation.The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the antibacterial and photothermal applications of polydopamine-berberine nanoparticles(PDA-BBR-NPs),incorporating them into a sodium alginate matrix for food preservation.The self-assembled PDA-BBR-NPs were synthesized using a solution oxidation method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and nanoparticle size analysis.The results demonstrated that PDA-BBR-NPs were uniform spheres with an average diameter of 177.1 nm.Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency tests showed that the optimal formulation had a drug loading capacity of 48.4%and an encapsulation efficiency of 84.70%.Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated using the dilution coating plate method,showing an inhibition rate of over 98%.Photothermal testing under 808 nm near-infrared irradiation revealed a maximum photothermal conversion efficiency of 32.65%.To assess the practical application of the nanoparticles,they were incorporated into a sodium alginate-based coating for the preservation of Kyoho grapes.Key parameters such as weight loss rate,pH,titratable acidity,and soluble solids content were monitored over a 12-day storage period at room temperature.The PDA-BBR-near-infrared spectroscopy-treated group exhibited significantly reduced weight loss rate(6.08%lower than the control group)and a slower decrease in pH.The coating effectively inhibited microbial activity and extended the shelf life of the grapes by 3-6 days compared to the control group.These findings demonstrated the potential of PDA-BBR-NPs to enhance the preservation of fresh produce through their combined antibacterial and photothermal effects,offering a promising method for extending fruit shelf life.
文摘Background:Early detection of harmful brain activity in critically ill patients using electroencephalography(EEG)is vital for timely and effective clinical intervention.Automating EEG analysis with deep learning techniques holds significant promise for enhancing diagnostic efficiency and accuracy.Methods:We implemented EfficientNetB2,which leverages convolutional neural networks with a novel Temporal Squeeze-and-Excitation module to capture temporal EEG features,and WaveNet,a sequential model designed to effectively model temporal dependencies in EEG data using dilated causal convolutions and temporal self-attention.Both models were trained and evaluated using a publicly available EEG dataset,with performance assessed via 4-fold cross-validation and a step-wise learning rate reduction strategy.Results:Our results demonstrate a significant reduction in training loss from 0.6459 to 0.3055 and validation loss from 0.9602 to 0.5719 over six epochs.Consistent improvements were observed across cross-validation folds,highlighting the robustness of the models.Additionally,ensemble learning of the two architectures further enhanced classification performance.Conclusion:This comparative analysis sheds light on the strengths and limitations of EfficientNetB2 and WaveNet for automated harmful brain activity detection in EEG signals.The findings contribute to the advancement of reliable and efficient deep learning models,paving the way for their clinical application in managing critically ill patients.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD1802104).
文摘Aberrant activation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases(RTKs)is a well-established trigger of tumorigenesis,and the over-use of RTK inhibitors often leads to drug resistance and tumor recurrence.While current Drug-Target Interaction(DTI)prediction methods(including those based on heterogeneous information networks)have shown promise,they remain limited in their ability to fully capture the nature of DTIs and often lack interpretability.To overcome these limitations,this study introduces a novel hybrid optimization model termed MDBO-RF,which integrates a Modified Dung Beetle Optimizer(MDBO)with Random Forest(RF).The key innovation lies in the enhancement of the DBO algorithm through a quaternion-based learning mechanism and the Cauchy mutation strategy,specifically designed to overcome the slow convergence and susceptibility to local optima that plague traditional metaheuristic algorithms used for hyperparameter tuning.The model leverages commonly used molecular descriptors to enhance the prediction of Tyrosine Kinase(TK)inhibitory activity and enable efficient compound screening.Our results demonstrate that MDBO-RF achieves a 3.41%increase in prediction accuracy compared to the standard RF model and outperforms several other contemporary machine learning approaches.The model effectively streamlines the RTK inhibitor screening process by improving prediction accuracy in multi-target competitive binding scenarios and reducing false-positive screening due to off-target effects.This work underscores the value of hybrid optimization strategies in bioinformatics and provides a robust,interpretable tool for accelerating drug discovery.
