With regard to brain acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine and serum triiodothyronine(T_3) and thyroxine(T_4)profiles,a biphasic response pattern was elicited in Channa punctatus chroni- cally exposed to nonlethal do...With regard to brain acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine and serum triiodothyronine(T_3) and thyroxine(T_4)profiles,a biphasic response pattern was elicited in Channa punctatus chroni- cally exposed to nonlethal doses of locally used pesticides,namely,Metacid-50 and Carbaryl. Data revealed that these xenobiotics caused significant inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase activity and a decrease in thyroxine level accompanied by a concurrent increase in acetylcholine accumulation and T_3 level.It is surmised that Metacid-50 and Carbaryl influence both neural and hormonal functions.1989 Academic Press.Inc.展开更多
Litsea elliptica Blume has been traditionally used to treat headache,fever,and stomach ulcer,and has also been used as an insect repellent.The acute and subacute toxicities of L.elliptica essential oil were evaluated ...Litsea elliptica Blume has been traditionally used to treat headache,fever,and stomach ulcer,and has also been used as an insect repellent.The acute and subacute toxicities of L.elliptica essential oil were evaluated orally by gavage in female Sprague-Dawley rats.For the acute toxicity study,L.elliptica essential oil was administered in doses from 500 to 4 000 mg/kg(single dose),and in the subacute toxicity test,the following doses were used:125,250,and 500 mg/kg,for 28 consecutive days.In the acute toxicity study,L.elliptica essential oil caused dose-dependent adverse behaviours and mortality.The median lethal dose value was 3 488.86 mg/kg and the acute non-observed-adversed-effect level value was found to be 500 mg/kg.The subacute toxicity study of L.elliptica essential oil did not reveal alterations in body weight,and food and water consumptions.The haematological and biochemical analyses did not show significant differences between control and treated groups in most of the parameters examined,except for the hemoglobin,mean cell hemoglobin concentration,mean cell volume,mean cell hemoglobin,serum albumin,and serum sodium.However,these differences were still within the normal range.No abnormalities or histopathological changes were observed in the liver,pancreatic islet of Langerhans,and renal glomerulous and tubular cells of all treated groups.In conclusion,L.elliptica essential oil can be classified in the U group,which is defined as a group unlikely to present an acute hazard according to World Health Organization(WHO) classification.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the antifertility effect of chronically administered Tabernaemontana divarkala(T.divaricata) leaf extract on male rats.Methods:The effect of 50%ethanol extract of T.divaricata leaves on reprod...Objective:To investigate the antifertility effect of chronically administered Tabernaemontana divarkala(T.divaricata) leaf extract on male rats.Methods:The effect of 50%ethanol extract of T.divaricata leaves on reproduction was studied on male rats.The study was divided into four groups of five animals each.The first groups(1) received vehicle alone to serve as control. The second,third and fourth groups(Ⅱ,ⅡandⅣ) of animals were administered the leaf extract daily at 50 mg/kg body weight,p.o.,100 nig/kg body weight,p.o.,and 200 mg/kg body weight, p.o.,respectively,for a period of 60 days.Results:Significant decreases in the weight of testes, epididymis,seminal vesicle and ventral prostate were observed.A dose related reduction in the testicular sperm count,epididymal sperm count and motility,number of fertile male,ratio between delivered and inseminated females and numbers of pups were observed.The testis showed a clear correlation between the dose and severity of lesions of seminiferous epithelium. In general,the seminiferous tubules appear reduced in size with a frequently filled eosinophilic material.Spermatogenesis arrested at the secondary spermatocyte stage.Pachytene spermatocytes were undergoing degeneration.Disorganisation and sloughing of immature germ cell were visible. Leydinf cells were atrophied.No morphological changes were observed in Sertoli cells.Significant reduction in serum concentration of luteinizing hormone and testosterone were observed.No distinct change in serum FSH concentration was recorded.The final body weights of all groups were elevated markedly.No alterations were recorded in any hematologiocal parameters. Conclusions:It is concluded that the 50%ethanol extract of T.divaricata leaf produced dose related effect on male reproduction without altering general bodv metabolism.展开更多
文摘With regard to brain acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine and serum triiodothyronine(T_3) and thyroxine(T_4)profiles,a biphasic response pattern was elicited in Channa punctatus chroni- cally exposed to nonlethal doses of locally used pesticides,namely,Metacid-50 and Carbaryl. Data revealed that these xenobiotics caused significant inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase activity and a decrease in thyroxine level accompanied by a concurrent increase in acetylcholine accumulation and T_3 level.It is surmised that Metacid-50 and Carbaryl influence both neural and hormonal functions.1989 Academic Press.Inc.
基金Project supported by the Science Fund,Ministry of Science,Technology and Innovation,Malaysia (No. 02-01-02-SF0205)the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (No. UKM-OUP-TKP-21-101/2011)
文摘Litsea elliptica Blume has been traditionally used to treat headache,fever,and stomach ulcer,and has also been used as an insect repellent.The acute and subacute toxicities of L.elliptica essential oil were evaluated orally by gavage in female Sprague-Dawley rats.For the acute toxicity study,L.elliptica essential oil was administered in doses from 500 to 4 000 mg/kg(single dose),and in the subacute toxicity test,the following doses were used:125,250,and 500 mg/kg,for 28 consecutive days.In the acute toxicity study,L.elliptica essential oil caused dose-dependent adverse behaviours and mortality.The median lethal dose value was 3 488.86 mg/kg and the acute non-observed-adversed-effect level value was found to be 500 mg/kg.The subacute toxicity study of L.elliptica essential oil did not reveal alterations in body weight,and food and water consumptions.The haematological and biochemical analyses did not show significant differences between control and treated groups in most of the parameters examined,except for the hemoglobin,mean cell hemoglobin concentration,mean cell volume,mean cell hemoglobin,serum albumin,and serum sodium.However,these differences were still within the normal range.No abnormalities or histopathological changes were observed in the liver,pancreatic islet of Langerhans,and renal glomerulous and tubular cells of all treated groups.In conclusion,L.elliptica essential oil can be classified in the U group,which is defined as a group unlikely to present an acute hazard according to World Health Organization(WHO) classification.
文摘Objective:To investigate the antifertility effect of chronically administered Tabernaemontana divarkala(T.divaricata) leaf extract on male rats.Methods:The effect of 50%ethanol extract of T.divaricata leaves on reproduction was studied on male rats.The study was divided into four groups of five animals each.The first groups(1) received vehicle alone to serve as control. The second,third and fourth groups(Ⅱ,ⅡandⅣ) of animals were administered the leaf extract daily at 50 mg/kg body weight,p.o.,100 nig/kg body weight,p.o.,and 200 mg/kg body weight, p.o.,respectively,for a period of 60 days.Results:Significant decreases in the weight of testes, epididymis,seminal vesicle and ventral prostate were observed.A dose related reduction in the testicular sperm count,epididymal sperm count and motility,number of fertile male,ratio between delivered and inseminated females and numbers of pups were observed.The testis showed a clear correlation between the dose and severity of lesions of seminiferous epithelium. In general,the seminiferous tubules appear reduced in size with a frequently filled eosinophilic material.Spermatogenesis arrested at the secondary spermatocyte stage.Pachytene spermatocytes were undergoing degeneration.Disorganisation and sloughing of immature germ cell were visible. Leydinf cells were atrophied.No morphological changes were observed in Sertoli cells.Significant reduction in serum concentration of luteinizing hormone and testosterone were observed.No distinct change in serum FSH concentration was recorded.The final body weights of all groups were elevated markedly.No alterations were recorded in any hematologiocal parameters. Conclusions:It is concluded that the 50%ethanol extract of T.divaricata leaf produced dose related effect on male reproduction without altering general bodv metabolism.
