Assessing the impact of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs)on ozone(O_(3))formation is vital for themanagement of emission reduction and pollution control.Continuousmeasurement of O_(3)and the major precurs...Assessing the impact of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs)on ozone(O_(3))formation is vital for themanagement of emission reduction and pollution control.Continuousmeasurement of O_(3)and the major precursorswas conducted in a typical light industrial city in the YRD region from 1 May to 25 July in 2021.Alkanes were the most abundant VOC group,contributing to 55.0%of TVOCs concentration(56.43±21.10 ppb).OVOCs,aromatics,halides,alkenes,and alkynes contributed 18.7%,9.6%,9.3%,5.2%and 1.9%,respectively.The observational site shifted from a typical VOC control regime to a mixed regime from May to July,which can be explained by the significant increase of RO_(x)production,resulting in the transition of environment from NOx saturation to radical saturation with respect to O_(3)production.The optimal O_(3)control strategy should be dynamically changed depending on the transition of control regime.Under NOx saturation condition,minimizing the proportion of NOx in reduction could lead to better achievement of O_(3)alleviation.Under mixed control regime,the cut percentage gets the top priority for the effectiveness of O_(3)control.Five VOCs sources were identified:temperature dependent source(28.1%),vehicular exhausts(19.9%),petrochemical industries(7.2%),solvent&gasoline usage(32.3%)and manufacturing industries(12.6%).The increase of temperature and radiation would enhance the evaporation related VOC emissions,resulting in the increase of VOC concentration and the change of RO_(x)circulation.Our results highlight determination of the optimal control strategies for O_(3)pollution in a typical YRD industrial city.展开更多
Ensuring the consistent mechanical performance of three-dimensional(3D)-printed continuous fiber-reinforced composites is a significant challenge in additive manufacturing.The current reliance on manual monitoring exa...Ensuring the consistent mechanical performance of three-dimensional(3D)-printed continuous fiber-reinforced composites is a significant challenge in additive manufacturing.The current reliance on manual monitoring exacerbates this challenge by rendering the process vulnerable to environmental changes and unexpected factors,resulting in defects and inconsistent product quality,particularly in unmanned long-term operations or printing in extreme environments.To address these issues,we developed a process monitoring and closed-loop feedback control strategy for the 3D printing process.Real-time printing image data were captured and analyzed using a well-trained neural network model,and a real-time control module-enabled closed-loop feedback control of the flow rate was developed.The neural network model,which was based on image processing and artificial intelligence,enabled the recognition of flow rate values with an accuracy of 94.70%.The experimental results showed significant improvements in both the surface performance and mechanical properties of printed composites,with three to six times improvement in tensile strength and elastic modulus,demonstrating the effectiveness of the strategy.This study provides a generalized process monitoring and feedback control method for the 3D printing of continuous fiber-reinforced composites,and offers a potential solution for remote online monitoring and closed-loop adjustment in unmanned or extreme space environments.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)nanoprinting via two-photon polymerization offers unparalleled design flexibility and precision,thereby enabling rapid prototyping of advanced micro-optical elements and systems that have found im...Three-dimensional(3D)nanoprinting via two-photon polymerization offers unparalleled design flexibility and precision,thereby enabling rapid prototyping of advanced micro-optical elements and systems that have found important applications in endomicroscopy and biomedical imaging.The potential of this versatile tool for monolithic manufacturing of dynamic micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems(MOEMSs),however,has not yet been sufficiently explored.This work introduces a 3D-nanoprinted lens actuator with a large optical aperture,optimized for remote focusing in miniaturized imaging systems.The device integrates orthoplanar linear motion springs,a self-aligned sintered micro-magnet,and a monolithic lens,actuated by dual microcoils for uniaxial motion.The use of 3D nanoprinting allows complete design freedom for the integrated optical lens,whereas the monolithic fabrication ensures inherent alignment of the lens with the mechanical elements.With a lens diameter of 1.4 mm and a compact footprint of 5.74 mm,it achieves high mechanical robustness at resonant frequencies exceeding 300 Hz while still providing a large displacement range of 200μm(±100μm).A comprehensive analysis of optical and mechanical performance,including the effects of coil temperature and polymer viscoelasticity,demonstrates its advantages over conventional micro-electro-mechanical system actuators,showcasing its potential for next-generation imaging applications.展开更多
Synchronous reluctance motors(SynRM)are widely employed in industrial applications due to their high robustness,low cost,and absence of permanent magnets.In recent years,significant research efforts have focused on im...Synchronous reluctance motors(SynRM)are widely employed in industrial applications due to their high robustness,low cost,and absence of permanent magnets.In recent years,significant research efforts have focused on improving the controllability and efficiency of SynRM.Accurate rotor position information is essential for the controller to generate appropriate current and voltage references corresponding to the desired speed and load torque.Shaft-mounted position sensors are generally undesirable because of their high cost,sensitivity to harsh operating conditions,maintenance requirements,and reduced reliability in environments characterized by high vibration.Consequently,sensorless control techniques that estimate rotor position using measured stator currents and voltages have attracted increasing attention.However,magnetic saturation,parameter nonlinearities,and cross-coupling effects significantly degrade position estimation accuracy and may compromise the stability of sensorless SynRM drives.In this paper,a nonlinear SynRM model is developed using finite element analysis(FEA)to accurately capture magnetic saturation and cross-coupling effects,thereby providing a precise representation of the machine’s electromagnetic behavior under varying load and flux conditions.A series of magnetostatic FEA simulations is performed.To reduce computational complexity,only one motor pole is analyzed by applying anti-periodic boundary conditions along the domain sides and enforcing a zero magnetic vector potential on the external stator boundary.Nonlinear iron material properties are modeled using the appropriate B-H curve.The simulations are carried out by imposing d-and q-axis current components and computing the corresponding flux linkages and electromagnetic torque.Based on these results,both apparent and incremental inductances are extracted and incorporated into the control algorithm.An advanced fictitious flux linkage method combined with a phase-locked loop(PLL)is employed for accurate rotor position estimation.Simulation results confirm that the proposed sensorless control strategy ensures stable operation and high position estimation accuracy over the entire speed range.展开更多
Skeletal muscle health and function are essential determinants of metabolic health,physical performance,and overall quality of life.The quality of skeletal muscle is heavily dependent on the complex mitochondrial reti...Skeletal muscle health and function are essential determinants of metabolic health,physical performance,and overall quality of life.The quality of skeletal muscle is heavily dependent on the complex mitochondrial reticulum that contributes toward its unique adaptability.It is now recognized that mitochondrial perturbations can activate various innate immune pathways,such as the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome complex by propagating inflammatory signaling in response to damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs).The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex and is a prominent regulator of innate immunity and cell death by mediating the activation of caspase-1,pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1βand interleukin-18 and pro-pyroptotic protein gasdermin-D.While several studies have begun to demonstrate the relationship between various mitochondrial DAMPs(mtDAMPs)and NLRP3 inflammasome activation,the influence of various metabolic states on the production of these DAMPs and subsequent inflammatory profile remains poorly understood.This narrative review aimed to address this by highlighting the effects of skeletal muscle use and disuse on mitochondrial quality mechanisms including mitochondrial biogenesis,fusion,fission and mitophagy.Secondly,this review summarized the impact of alterations in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms following muscle denervation,aging,and exercise training in relation to NLRP3 inflammasome activation.By consolidating the current body of literature,this work aimed to further the understanding of innate immune signaling within skeletal muscle,which can highlight areas for future research and therapeutic strategies to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation during divergent metabolic conditions.展开更多
With validamycin A.（0.2 billion spores/ml） Paenibacillus polymyxa DN-1 3% AS as the test agent, the effects of different dosage and different application time on the control efficacy for＇ rich sheath blight were in...With validamycin A.（0.2 billion spores/ml） Paenibacillus polymyxa DN-1 3% AS as the test agent, the effects of different dosage and different application time on the control efficacy for＇ rich sheath blight were investigated. The results of two- year test showed that when the application amount was in the range of 45-90 g.a.i/ hm^2, the field efficacy of validamycin A-（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS in the initial infection stage of rich sheath blight （Le., the diseased plant rate was below 5%） reached 80.38%-89.06%, and that in the peak infection stage （i.e., the diseased plant rate was higher than 10%） reached only 41.12%-53.26%. The field efficacy of validamycin A.（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS at the early onset of rich sheath blight was significantly better than that at the onset, so that the application time of validamycin A .（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS should be appropriately brought forward in the prevention and control of rice sheath blight.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42005086,91844301,and 41805100)the National Key Research and Development Programof China(No.2022YFC3703500)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M733028)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Nos.2021C03165 and 2022C03084)the Ecological and Environmental Scientific Research and Achievement Promotion Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2020HT0048).
文摘Assessing the impact of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs)on ozone(O_(3))formation is vital for themanagement of emission reduction and pollution control.Continuousmeasurement of O_(3)and the major precursorswas conducted in a typical light industrial city in the YRD region from 1 May to 25 July in 2021.Alkanes were the most abundant VOC group,contributing to 55.0%of TVOCs concentration(56.43±21.10 ppb).OVOCs,aromatics,halides,alkenes,and alkynes contributed 18.7%,9.6%,9.3%,5.2%and 1.9%,respectively.The observational site shifted from a typical VOC control regime to a mixed regime from May to July,which can be explained by the significant increase of RO_(x)production,resulting in the transition of environment from NOx saturation to radical saturation with respect to O_(3)production.The optimal O_(3)control strategy should be dynamically changed depending on the transition of control regime.Under NOx saturation condition,minimizing the proportion of NOx in reduction could lead to better achievement of O_(3)alleviation.Under mixed control regime,the cut percentage gets the top priority for the effectiveness of O_(3)control.Five VOCs sources were identified:temperature dependent source(28.1%),vehicular exhausts(19.9%),petrochemical industries(7.2%),solvent&gasoline usage(32.3%)and manufacturing industries(12.6%).The increase of temperature and radiation would enhance the evaporation related VOC emissions,resulting in the increase of VOC concentration and the change of RO_(x)circulation.Our results highlight determination of the optimal control strategies for O_(3)pollution in a typical YRD industrial city.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4604100)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3806104)+4 种基金Key Research and Development Program in Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2021LLRH-08-17)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2023QNRC001)K C Wong Education Foundation of ChinaYouth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities of ChinaKey Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant 2021LLRH-08-3.1).
文摘Ensuring the consistent mechanical performance of three-dimensional(3D)-printed continuous fiber-reinforced composites is a significant challenge in additive manufacturing.The current reliance on manual monitoring exacerbates this challenge by rendering the process vulnerable to environmental changes and unexpected factors,resulting in defects and inconsistent product quality,particularly in unmanned long-term operations or printing in extreme environments.To address these issues,we developed a process monitoring and closed-loop feedback control strategy for the 3D printing process.Real-time printing image data were captured and analyzed using a well-trained neural network model,and a real-time control module-enabled closed-loop feedback control of the flow rate was developed.The neural network model,which was based on image processing and artificial intelligence,enabled the recognition of flow rate values with an accuracy of 94.70%.The experimental results showed significant improvements in both the surface performance and mechanical properties of printed composites,with three to six times improvement in tensile strength and elastic modulus,demonstrating the effectiveness of the strategy.This study provides a generalized process monitoring and feedback control method for the 3D printing of continuous fiber-reinforced composites,and offers a potential solution for remote online monitoring and closed-loop adjustment in unmanned or extreme space environments.
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)nanoprinting via two-photon polymerization offers unparalleled design flexibility and precision,thereby enabling rapid prototyping of advanced micro-optical elements and systems that have found important applications in endomicroscopy and biomedical imaging.The potential of this versatile tool for monolithic manufacturing of dynamic micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems(MOEMSs),however,has not yet been sufficiently explored.This work introduces a 3D-nanoprinted lens actuator with a large optical aperture,optimized for remote focusing in miniaturized imaging systems.The device integrates orthoplanar linear motion springs,a self-aligned sintered micro-magnet,and a monolithic lens,actuated by dual microcoils for uniaxial motion.The use of 3D nanoprinting allows complete design freedom for the integrated optical lens,whereas the monolithic fabrication ensures inherent alignment of the lens with the mechanical elements.With a lens diameter of 1.4 mm and a compact footprint of 5.74 mm,it achieves high mechanical robustness at resonant frequencies exceeding 300 Hz while still providing a large displacement range of 200μm(±100μm).A comprehensive analysis of optical and mechanical performance,including the effects of coil temperature and polymer viscoelasticity,demonstrates its advantages over conventional micro-electro-mechanical system actuators,showcasing its potential for next-generation imaging applications.
文摘Synchronous reluctance motors(SynRM)are widely employed in industrial applications due to their high robustness,low cost,and absence of permanent magnets.In recent years,significant research efforts have focused on improving the controllability and efficiency of SynRM.Accurate rotor position information is essential for the controller to generate appropriate current and voltage references corresponding to the desired speed and load torque.Shaft-mounted position sensors are generally undesirable because of their high cost,sensitivity to harsh operating conditions,maintenance requirements,and reduced reliability in environments characterized by high vibration.Consequently,sensorless control techniques that estimate rotor position using measured stator currents and voltages have attracted increasing attention.However,magnetic saturation,parameter nonlinearities,and cross-coupling effects significantly degrade position estimation accuracy and may compromise the stability of sensorless SynRM drives.In this paper,a nonlinear SynRM model is developed using finite element analysis(FEA)to accurately capture magnetic saturation and cross-coupling effects,thereby providing a precise representation of the machine’s electromagnetic behavior under varying load and flux conditions.A series of magnetostatic FEA simulations is performed.To reduce computational complexity,only one motor pole is analyzed by applying anti-periodic boundary conditions along the domain sides and enforcing a zero magnetic vector potential on the external stator boundary.Nonlinear iron material properties are modeled using the appropriate B-H curve.The simulations are carried out by imposing d-and q-axis current components and computing the corresponding flux linkages and electromagnetic torque.Based on these results,both apparent and incremental inductances are extracted and incorporated into the control algorithm.An advanced fictitious flux linkage method combined with a phase-locked loop(PLL)is employed for accurate rotor position estimation.Simulation results confirm that the proposed sensorless control strategy ensures stable operation and high position estimation accuracy over the entire speed range.
文摘Skeletal muscle health and function are essential determinants of metabolic health,physical performance,and overall quality of life.The quality of skeletal muscle is heavily dependent on the complex mitochondrial reticulum that contributes toward its unique adaptability.It is now recognized that mitochondrial perturbations can activate various innate immune pathways,such as the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome complex by propagating inflammatory signaling in response to damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs).The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex and is a prominent regulator of innate immunity and cell death by mediating the activation of caspase-1,pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1βand interleukin-18 and pro-pyroptotic protein gasdermin-D.While several studies have begun to demonstrate the relationship between various mitochondrial DAMPs(mtDAMPs)and NLRP3 inflammasome activation,the influence of various metabolic states on the production of these DAMPs and subsequent inflammatory profile remains poorly understood.This narrative review aimed to address this by highlighting the effects of skeletal muscle use and disuse on mitochondrial quality mechanisms including mitochondrial biogenesis,fusion,fission and mitophagy.Secondly,this review summarized the impact of alterations in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms following muscle denervation,aging,and exercise training in relation to NLRP3 inflammasome activation.By consolidating the current body of literature,this work aimed to further the understanding of innate immune signaling within skeletal muscle,which can highlight areas for future research and therapeutic strategies to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation during divergent metabolic conditions.
基金Supported by National Agricultural Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Fund of China(2010GB2C300196)Modern Agricultural Production Development Fund(Rice Industry)Project of Anhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesIntegration and Demonstration of Chemical Fertilizer and Agrochemical Reduction and Efficiency Increasing Technology for Rice in Rice-wheat(rape)Rotation Areas in Anhui(2016YFD0200806)~~
文摘With validamycin A.（0.2 billion spores/ml） Paenibacillus polymyxa DN-1 3% AS as the test agent, the effects of different dosage and different application time on the control efficacy for＇ rich sheath blight were investigated. The results of two- year test showed that when the application amount was in the range of 45-90 g.a.i/ hm^2, the field efficacy of validamycin A-（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS in the initial infection stage of rich sheath blight （Le., the diseased plant rate was below 5%） reached 80.38%-89.06%, and that in the peak infection stage （i.e., the diseased plant rate was higher than 10%） reached only 41.12%-53.26%. The field efficacy of validamycin A.（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS at the early onset of rich sheath blight was significantly better than that at the onset, so that the application time of validamycin A .（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS should be appropriately brought forward in the prevention and control of rice sheath blight.
