Accurate water level measurement in nuclear reactors,particularly in PWRs(pressurized water reactors)and BWRs(boiling water reactors),is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of reactor operations.K-type HJ...Accurate water level measurement in nuclear reactors,particularly in PWRs(pressurized water reactors)and BWRs(boiling water reactors),is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of reactor operations.K-type HJTCs(heated junction thermocouples)are widely used for this purpose due to their ability to withstand extreme temperatures and radiation conditions.This article explores the role of HJTCs in reactor water level measurement and compares the performance of 2-wire and 3-wire connections.While the 2-wire connection is simple and cost-effective,it can introduce measurement inaccuracies due to wire resistance.In contrast,the 3-wire connection compensates for lead resistance,offering more precise and reliable measurements,particularly in long-distance applications.This paper discusses the operational considerations of these wiring configurations in the context of nuclear reactors and highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate connection type to optimize safety and measurement accuracy in PWR and BWR reactors.展开更多
The degradation of formaldehyde gas was studied using UV/TiO2/O3 process under the condition of continuous flow mode. The effects of humidity, initial formaldehyde concentration, residence time and ozone adding amount...The degradation of formaldehyde gas was studied using UV/TiO2/O3 process under the condition of continuous flow mode. The effects of humidity, initial formaldehyde concentration, residence time and ozone adding amount on degradation of formaldehyde gas were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the combination of ozonation with photocatalytic oxidation on the degradation of formaldehyde showed a synergetic action, e.g,, it could considerably increase decomposing of formaldehyde. The degradation efficiency of formaldehyde was between 73.6% and 79.4% while the initial concentration in the range of 1.84--24 mg/m^3 by O3/TiO2flJV process. The optimal humidity was about 50% in UV/TiO2/O3 processs and degradation of formaldehyde increases from 39.0% to 94.1% when the ozone content increased from 0 to 141 mg/m^3. Furthermore, the kinetics of formaldehyde degradation reaction could be described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The rate constant k of 46.72 mg/（m^3.min） and Langmuir adsorption coefficient K of 0.0268 m^3/mg were obtained.展开更多
Power electronic devices are of great importance in modern society.After decades of development,Si power devices have approached their material limits with only incremental improvements and large conversion losses.As ...Power electronic devices are of great importance in modern society.After decades of development,Si power devices have approached their material limits with only incremental improvements and large conversion losses.As the demand for electronic components with high efficiency dramatically increasing,new materials are needed for power device fabrication.Betaphase gallium oxide,an ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor,has been considered as a promising candidate,and variousβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)power devices with high breakdown voltages have been demonstrated.However,the realization of enhancement-mode(E-mode)β-Ga_(2)O_(3)field-effect transistors(FETs)is still challenging,which is a critical problem for a myriad of power electronic applications.Recently,researchers have made some progress on E-modeβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)FETs via various methods,and several novel structures have been fabricated.This article gives a review of the material growth,devices and properties of these E-modeβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)FETs.The key challenges and future directions in E-modeβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)FETs are also discussed.展开更多
The properties of C-H vibration softening for CH2 and CHa radicals absorbed on Cun（n=1-6） clusters have been investigated, using the density functional theory with hybrid functional. The results indicate that the ab...The properties of C-H vibration softening for CH2 and CHa radicals absorbed on Cun（n=1-6） clusters have been investigated, using the density functional theory with hybrid functional. The results indicate that the absorption of CH2 on Cu clusters is stronger than the case of CH3. The vibrational frequencies of C-H bonding agree with the experimental results obtained for CH2 and CH3 absorbed on Cu（111）. With the increase of cluster size, the softening （Einstein shift） of C-H vibrational modes become stronger.展开更多
We consider the quantum mechanical SU（2） transformation e^2λJzJ±e^-2λJz = e^±2λJ±as if the meaning of squeezing with e^±2λ being squeezing parameter. By studying SU（2） operators （J±,...We consider the quantum mechanical SU（2） transformation e^2λJzJ±e^-2λJz = e^±2λJ±as if the meaning of squeezing with e^±2λ being squeezing parameter. By studying SU（2） operators （J±, Jz） from the point of view of squeezing we find that （J±,Jz） can also be realized in terms of 3-mode bosonic operators. Employing this realization, we find the natural representation （the eigenvectors of J＋ or J-） of the 3-mode squeezing operator e^2λJz. The idea of considering quantum SU（2） transformation as if squeezing is liable for us to obtain the new bosonic operator realization of SU（2） and new squeezing operators.展开更多
文摘Accurate water level measurement in nuclear reactors,particularly in PWRs(pressurized water reactors)and BWRs(boiling water reactors),is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of reactor operations.K-type HJTCs(heated junction thermocouples)are widely used for this purpose due to their ability to withstand extreme temperatures and radiation conditions.This article explores the role of HJTCs in reactor water level measurement and compares the performance of 2-wire and 3-wire connections.While the 2-wire connection is simple and cost-effective,it can introduce measurement inaccuracies due to wire resistance.In contrast,the 3-wire connection compensates for lead resistance,offering more precise and reliable measurements,particularly in long-distance applications.This paper discusses the operational considerations of these wiring configurations in the context of nuclear reactors and highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate connection type to optimize safety and measurement accuracy in PWR and BWR reactors.
基金Project supported by the Science Project of Harbin City(No. H2001-12)the Youth Foundation of School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering in Harbin Institute of Technology(No. 01306914).
文摘The degradation of formaldehyde gas was studied using UV/TiO2/O3 process under the condition of continuous flow mode. The effects of humidity, initial formaldehyde concentration, residence time and ozone adding amount on degradation of formaldehyde gas were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the combination of ozonation with photocatalytic oxidation on the degradation of formaldehyde showed a synergetic action, e.g,, it could considerably increase decomposing of formaldehyde. The degradation efficiency of formaldehyde was between 73.6% and 79.4% while the initial concentration in the range of 1.84--24 mg/m^3 by O3/TiO2flJV process. The optimal humidity was about 50% in UV/TiO2/O3 processs and degradation of formaldehyde increases from 39.0% to 94.1% when the ozone content increased from 0 to 141 mg/m^3. Furthermore, the kinetics of formaldehyde degradation reaction could be described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The rate constant k of 46.72 mg/（m^3.min） and Langmuir adsorption coefficient K of 0.0268 m^3/mg were obtained.
基金supported in part by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3600202)Key Laboratory Construction Project of Nanchang(Grant No.2020-NCZDSY-008)the Suzhou Science and Technology Foundation(Grant No.SYG202027)。
文摘Power electronic devices are of great importance in modern society.After decades of development,Si power devices have approached their material limits with only incremental improvements and large conversion losses.As the demand for electronic components with high efficiency dramatically increasing,new materials are needed for power device fabrication.Betaphase gallium oxide,an ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor,has been considered as a promising candidate,and variousβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)power devices with high breakdown voltages have been demonstrated.However,the realization of enhancement-mode(E-mode)β-Ga_(2)O_(3)field-effect transistors(FETs)is still challenging,which is a critical problem for a myriad of power electronic applications.Recently,researchers have made some progress on E-modeβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)FETs via various methods,and several novel structures have been fabricated.This article gives a review of the material growth,devices and properties of these E-modeβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)FETs.The key challenges and future directions in E-modeβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)FETs are also discussed.
文摘The properties of C-H vibration softening for CH2 and CHa radicals absorbed on Cun（n=1-6） clusters have been investigated, using the density functional theory with hybrid functional. The results indicate that the absorption of CH2 on Cu clusters is stronger than the case of CH3. The vibrational frequencies of C-H bonding agree with the experimental results obtained for CH2 and CH3 absorbed on Cu（111）. With the increase of cluster size, the softening （Einstein shift） of C-H vibrational modes become stronger.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11175113 and 11275123)the Key Project of Natural Science Fund of Anhui Province,China(Grant No.KJ2013A261)
文摘We consider the quantum mechanical SU（2） transformation e^2λJzJ±e^-2λJz = e^±2λJ±as if the meaning of squeezing with e^±2λ being squeezing parameter. By studying SU（2） operators （J±, Jz） from the point of view of squeezing we find that （J±,Jz） can also be realized in terms of 3-mode bosonic operators. Employing this realization, we find the natural representation （the eigenvectors of J＋ or J-） of the 3-mode squeezing operator e^2λJz. The idea of considering quantum SU（2） transformation as if squeezing is liable for us to obtain the new bosonic operator realization of SU（2） and new squeezing operators.
