Gibberella stalk rot(GSR)caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most devastating diseases of maize,seriously impacting maize yield and quality,as well as the ability to use technology of mechanical harvesting.En...Gibberella stalk rot(GSR)caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most devastating diseases of maize,seriously impacting maize yield and quality,as well as the ability to use technology of mechanical harvesting.Environmental conditions including photoperiod affect crop disease resistance.However,the mechanism underlying photoperiod-regulated maize GSR resistance remains unexplored.We found in this study that GSR resistance is regulated by the ZmPIF4.1(Phytochrome-Interacting Factor4)-ZmPTI1c(Pto-Interacting 1)-ZmMYB31 module coupled with photoperiod.The functional analysis of zmpti1c mutant indicated that ZmPTI1c negatively regulates maize GSR resistance.Short day promoted the disease progression in both zmpti1c and wild-type plants.ZmPTI1c promoter contains multiple predicted cis-acting elements for light responses.Yeast one-hybrid assay(Y1H),Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis(EMSA),and Dual-luciferase(LUC)reporter assays demonstrated that ZmPIF4.1 binds to the G-box in ZmPTI1c promoter and activates its expression.Moreover,expression levels of ZmPIF4 and ZmPTI1c were significantly higher under short day than under long day.ZmPTI1c interacted with and phosphorylated ZmMYB31.GSR resistance in zmmyb31 mutant was significantly increased than in wild type,indicating that ZmMYB31 also negatively regulated GSR resistance.Furthermore,ZmMYB31 suppressed the transcriptional activation of ZmPTI1c by ZmPIF4.1.Overall,ZmPIF4.1-ZmPTI1c-ZmMYB31negatively regulates maize immunity to GSR,which is likely modulated by photoperiod.展开更多
Wheat high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS) determine dough elasticity and play an essential role in processing quality. HMW-GS are encoded by Glu-1 genes and controlled primarily at transcriptional level, i...Wheat high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS) determine dough elasticity and play an essential role in processing quality. HMW-GS are encoded by Glu-1 genes and controlled primarily at transcriptional level, implemented through the interactions between cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors. However, transcriptional mechanism of Glu-1 genes remains elusive. Here we made a comprehensive analysis of cis-regulatory elements within 1-kb upstream of the Glu-1 start codon(-1000 to-1) and identified 30 conserved motifs. Based on motif distribution pattern, three conserved cis-regulatory modules(CCRMs), CCRM1(-300 to-101), CCRM2(-650 to-400), and CCRM3(-950 to-750), were defined, and their functions were characterized in wheat stable transgenic lines transformed with progressive 5′ deletion promoter::GUS fusion constructs. GUS staining, qP CR and enzyme activity assays indicated that CCRM2 and CCRM3 could enhance the expression level of Glu-1, whereas the 300-bp promoter(-300 to-1), spanning CCRM1 and core region(-100 to-1), was enough to ensure accurate Glu-1 initiation at 7 days after flowering(DAF) and shape its spatiotemporal expression pattern during seed development. Further transgenic assays demonstrated that CCRM1-2(-300 to-209) containing Complete HMW Enhancer(-246 to-209) was important for expression level but had no effect on expression specificity in the endosperm. In contrast, CCRM1-1(-208 to-101) was critical for both expression specificity and level of Glu-1. Our findings not only provide new insights to uncover Glu-1 transcription regulatory machinery but also lay foundations for modifying Glu-1 expression.展开更多
Starch is the most abundant substance in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)endosperm and provides the major carbohydrate energy for human daily life.Starch synthesis-related(SSR)genes are believed to be spatiotemporally spec...Starch is the most abundant substance in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)endosperm and provides the major carbohydrate energy for human daily life.Starch synthesis-related(SSR)genes are believed to be spatiotemporally specific,but their transcriptional regulation remains unclear in wheat.Here,we investigate the role of the basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor TabHLH95 in starch synthesis.TabHLH95 is preferentially expressed in the developing grains in wheat and encodes a nucleus localized protein without autoactivation activity.The Tabhlh95 knockout mutants display smaller grain size and less starch content than wild type,whereas overexpression of TabHLH95 enhances starch accumulation and significantly improves thousand grain weight.Transcriptome analysis reveals that the expression of multiple SSR genes is significantly reduced in the Tabhlh95 mutants.TabHLH95 binds to the promoters of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit 1(AGPL1-1D/-1B),AGPL2-5D,and isoamylase(ISA1-7D)and enhances their transcription.Intriguingly,TabHLH95 interacts with the nuclear factor Y(NF-Y)family transcription factor TaNF-YB1,thereby synergistically regulating starch synthesis.These results suggest that the TabHLH95-TaNF-YB1 complex positively modulates starch synthesis and grain weight by regulating the expression of a subset of SSR genes,thus providing a good potential approach for genetic improvement of grain productivity in wheat.展开更多
We report the systematic survey of the binding free energies at the interface between a carbohydrate binding module(CBM)of Cel7A and the celluloseⅢ_(1)crystal model using grid docking searches and molecular dynamics ...We report the systematic survey of the binding free energies at the interface between a carbohydrate binding module(CBM)of Cel7A and the celluloseⅢ_(1)crystal model using grid docking searches and molecular dynamics simulations.The two hydrophobic crystal surfaces were involved in the distinct energy minima of the binding free energy.The complex models,each with the CBM at the minimum energy position,stably formed in the solution state.The binding free energies of the celluloseⅢ_(1)complex models,based on both static and dynamics states,were comparable to those of the native cellulose complex models.However,the celluloseⅢ_(1)crystal had a larger binding surface,which is compatible with the observed high enzymatic activity of Cel7A for the celluloseⅢ_(1)substrate.展开更多
设计了一种基于1 bit Sigma-Delta调制技术的数字磁通门磁强计,并利用Matlab Simulink工具对其进行仿真建模与分析,获得了系统在噪声、线性度、动态响应速度以及频率响应等方面的性能参数.在±1000 nT量程范围内,该磁强计系统在1 H...设计了一种基于1 bit Sigma-Delta调制技术的数字磁通门磁强计,并利用Matlab Simulink工具对其进行仿真建模与分析,获得了系统在噪声、线性度、动态响应速度以及频率响应等方面的性能参数.在±1000 nT量程范围内,该磁强计系统在1 Hz处的噪声为0.17 pT·Hz-1/2,最大线性误差为1.04 pT,动态响应速度为1.07×10^(3) nT·s^(-1),频率响应带宽超过30 Hz.仿真结果证实,采用1 bit Sigma-Delta调制技术显著提高了数模转换器(Digital-to-Analog Converter,DAC)的转换精度,有效降低了数字磁强计系统的本底噪声和非线性误差,显著提升了数字磁强计的性能.基于1 bit Sigma-Delta调制技术的数字磁通门磁强计性能指标能够满足高精度磁场探测任务的要求,为空间磁场探测领域提供了一种高精度、高可靠性的探测手段,在深空探测及空间科学领域具有广泛的应用前景.展开更多
Wintersweet(Chimonanthus praecox),a well-known fragrant flowering shrub,is extensively planted for ornamental purpose and production of floral essential oil.Although the tepal color of wintersweet varieties exhibits t...Wintersweet(Chimonanthus praecox),a well-known fragrant flowering shrub,is extensively planted for ornamental purpose and production of floral essential oil.Although the tepal color of wintersweet varieties exhibits the most remarkable diversity,variations in the floral scent traits are also noticeable across different cultivars.In this study,the floral volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in three wintersweet cultivars,‘Yanlingsuxin’,‘Yuxiang’,and‘Hongyun’were detected via GC-MS coupled with OAV.The distinct floral aromas of the three cultivars were primarily attributed to benzyl alcohol(abundant in‘Yuxiang’),linalool(abundant in‘Yanlingsuxin’),(-)-γ-cadinene and eugenol(abundant in‘Hongyun’).Integrated analyses of metabolome and transcriptome showed that an R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene,CpODO1,potentially have a crucial regulatory function in controlling the production of multiple aroma compounds.Overexpression of CpODO1 can enhance the production of benzyl alcohol in transgenic tobacco flowers.Analysis of DAP-seq data,EMSA and dual-luciferase assay revealed that CpODO1 predominantly regulate the expression of CpCYP71,a cytochrome P450 gene encoding a key enzyme in the production of benzyl alcohol,and the transcriptional regulation of CpODO1 is driven by CpEOBII.The identification of polymorphisms in the MYB binding cis-motifs of CpCYP71 and CpODO1 promoters revealed the regulatory mechanism underlying the varied synthesis of benzyl alcohol in three wintersweet cultivars.This study provides new anchor points for floral scent quality improvement breeding of wintersweet,and the profusion of wintersweet germplasm can serve as a material basis for developing various aroma products.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the(2+1)-dimensional three-component long-wave-short-wave resonance interaction system,which describes complex systems and nonlinear wave phenomena in physics.By employing the Hirota bilin...In this paper,we investigate the(2+1)-dimensional three-component long-wave-short-wave resonance interaction system,which describes complex systems and nonlinear wave phenomena in physics.By employing the Hirota bilinear method,we derive the general nondegenerate N-soliton solution of the system,where each short-wave component contains N arbitrary functions of the independent variable y.The presence of these arbitrary functions in the analytical solution enables the construction of a wide range of nondegenerate soliton types.Finally,we illustrate the structural features of several novel nondegenerate solitons,including M-shaped,multiple double-hump,and sawtooth double-striped solitons,as well as interactions between nondegenerate solitons,such as dromion-like solitons and solitoffs,with the aid of figures.展开更多
In this paper,we study the homological properties of τ-tilting τ^(-1)-tilting modules.We show that the existence of τ-tilting τ^(-1)-tilting modules in modΛdoes not imply thatΛis a 1-Gorenstein algebra.Moreover,...In this paper,we study the homological properties of τ-tilting τ^(-1)-tilting modules.We show that the existence of τ-tilting τ^(-1)-tilting modules in modΛdoes not imply thatΛis a 1-Gorenstein algebra.Moreover,we show that an algebraΛsatisfying allτ-tilting modules are τ^(-1)-tilting modules need not be a hereditary algebra.展开更多
基金supported financially by the grants from the JBGS[2021]002 project from the Jiangsu Governmentthe National Nature Science Foundation of China(32472095)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFE02029002)Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production(CIC-MCP)to Xiquan Gaosupported in part by the high-performance computing platform of Bioinformatics Center,Nanjing Agricultural University。
文摘Gibberella stalk rot(GSR)caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most devastating diseases of maize,seriously impacting maize yield and quality,as well as the ability to use technology of mechanical harvesting.Environmental conditions including photoperiod affect crop disease resistance.However,the mechanism underlying photoperiod-regulated maize GSR resistance remains unexplored.We found in this study that GSR resistance is regulated by the ZmPIF4.1(Phytochrome-Interacting Factor4)-ZmPTI1c(Pto-Interacting 1)-ZmMYB31 module coupled with photoperiod.The functional analysis of zmpti1c mutant indicated that ZmPTI1c negatively regulates maize GSR resistance.Short day promoted the disease progression in both zmpti1c and wild-type plants.ZmPTI1c promoter contains multiple predicted cis-acting elements for light responses.Yeast one-hybrid assay(Y1H),Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis(EMSA),and Dual-luciferase(LUC)reporter assays demonstrated that ZmPIF4.1 binds to the G-box in ZmPTI1c promoter and activates its expression.Moreover,expression levels of ZmPIF4 and ZmPTI1c were significantly higher under short day than under long day.ZmPTI1c interacted with and phosphorylated ZmMYB31.GSR resistance in zmmyb31 mutant was significantly increased than in wild type,indicating that ZmMYB31 also negatively regulated GSR resistance.Furthermore,ZmMYB31 suppressed the transcriptional activation of ZmPTI1c by ZmPIF4.1.Overall,ZmPIF4.1-ZmPTI1c-ZmMYB31negatively regulates maize immunity to GSR,which is likely modulated by photoperiod.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571663, 31371623)Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding Major Project (2016ZX08009003-004)
文摘Wheat high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS) determine dough elasticity and play an essential role in processing quality. HMW-GS are encoded by Glu-1 genes and controlled primarily at transcriptional level, implemented through the interactions between cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors. However, transcriptional mechanism of Glu-1 genes remains elusive. Here we made a comprehensive analysis of cis-regulatory elements within 1-kb upstream of the Glu-1 start codon(-1000 to-1) and identified 30 conserved motifs. Based on motif distribution pattern, three conserved cis-regulatory modules(CCRMs), CCRM1(-300 to-101), CCRM2(-650 to-400), and CCRM3(-950 to-750), were defined, and their functions were characterized in wheat stable transgenic lines transformed with progressive 5′ deletion promoter::GUS fusion constructs. GUS staining, qP CR and enzyme activity assays indicated that CCRM2 and CCRM3 could enhance the expression level of Glu-1, whereas the 300-bp promoter(-300 to-1), spanning CCRM1 and core region(-100 to-1), was enough to ensure accurate Glu-1 initiation at 7 days after flowering(DAF) and shape its spatiotemporal expression pattern during seed development. Further transgenic assays demonstrated that CCRM1-2(-300 to-209) containing Complete HMW Enhancer(-246 to-209) was important for expression level but had no effect on expression specificity in the endosperm. In contrast, CCRM1-1(-208 to-101) was critical for both expression specificity and level of Glu-1. Our findings not only provide new insights to uncover Glu-1 transcription regulatory machinery but also lay foundations for modifying Glu-1 expression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201804)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M723458).
文摘Starch is the most abundant substance in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)endosperm and provides the major carbohydrate energy for human daily life.Starch synthesis-related(SSR)genes are believed to be spatiotemporally specific,but their transcriptional regulation remains unclear in wheat.Here,we investigate the role of the basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor TabHLH95 in starch synthesis.TabHLH95 is preferentially expressed in the developing grains in wheat and encodes a nucleus localized protein without autoactivation activity.The Tabhlh95 knockout mutants display smaller grain size and less starch content than wild type,whereas overexpression of TabHLH95 enhances starch accumulation and significantly improves thousand grain weight.Transcriptome analysis reveals that the expression of multiple SSR genes is significantly reduced in the Tabhlh95 mutants.TabHLH95 binds to the promoters of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit 1(AGPL1-1D/-1B),AGPL2-5D,and isoamylase(ISA1-7D)and enhances their transcription.Intriguingly,TabHLH95 interacts with the nuclear factor Y(NF-Y)family transcription factor TaNF-YB1,thereby synergistically regulating starch synthesis.These results suggest that the TabHLH95-TaNF-YB1 complex positively modulates starch synthesis and grain weight by regulating the expression of a subset of SSR genes,thus providing a good potential approach for genetic improvement of grain productivity in wheat.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 17K00409。
文摘We report the systematic survey of the binding free energies at the interface between a carbohydrate binding module(CBM)of Cel7A and the celluloseⅢ_(1)crystal model using grid docking searches and molecular dynamics simulations.The two hydrophobic crystal surfaces were involved in the distinct energy minima of the binding free energy.The complex models,each with the CBM at the minimum energy position,stably formed in the solution state.The binding free energies of the celluloseⅢ_(1)complex models,based on both static and dynamics states,were comparable to those of the native cellulose complex models.However,the celluloseⅢ_(1)crystal had a larger binding surface,which is compatible with the observed high enzymatic activity of Cel7A for the celluloseⅢ_(1)substrate.
文摘设计了一种基于1 bit Sigma-Delta调制技术的数字磁通门磁强计,并利用Matlab Simulink工具对其进行仿真建模与分析,获得了系统在噪声、线性度、动态响应速度以及频率响应等方面的性能参数.在±1000 nT量程范围内,该磁强计系统在1 Hz处的噪声为0.17 pT·Hz-1/2,最大线性误差为1.04 pT,动态响应速度为1.07×10^(3) nT·s^(-1),频率响应带宽超过30 Hz.仿真结果证实,采用1 bit Sigma-Delta调制技术显著提高了数模转换器(Digital-to-Analog Converter,DAC)的转换精度,有效降低了数字磁强计系统的本底噪声和非线性误差,显著提升了数字磁强计的性能.基于1 bit Sigma-Delta调制技术的数字磁通门磁强计性能指标能够满足高精度磁场探测任务的要求,为空间磁场探测领域提供了一种高精度、高可靠性的探测手段,在深空探测及空间科学领域具有广泛的应用前景.
基金supported by the China National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.32102417)Henan Key R&D Project,China(Grant No.221111110700)+1 种基金Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences“Innovation and Utilization of Characteristic Flowers and Trees Germplasm”Team Project(Grant Nos.2023TD35 and2024TD26)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2024JJ6711),Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(Grant No.2024JJB130300)。
文摘Wintersweet(Chimonanthus praecox),a well-known fragrant flowering shrub,is extensively planted for ornamental purpose and production of floral essential oil.Although the tepal color of wintersweet varieties exhibits the most remarkable diversity,variations in the floral scent traits are also noticeable across different cultivars.In this study,the floral volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in three wintersweet cultivars,‘Yanlingsuxin’,‘Yuxiang’,and‘Hongyun’were detected via GC-MS coupled with OAV.The distinct floral aromas of the three cultivars were primarily attributed to benzyl alcohol(abundant in‘Yuxiang’),linalool(abundant in‘Yanlingsuxin’),(-)-γ-cadinene and eugenol(abundant in‘Hongyun’).Integrated analyses of metabolome and transcriptome showed that an R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene,CpODO1,potentially have a crucial regulatory function in controlling the production of multiple aroma compounds.Overexpression of CpODO1 can enhance the production of benzyl alcohol in transgenic tobacco flowers.Analysis of DAP-seq data,EMSA and dual-luciferase assay revealed that CpODO1 predominantly regulate the expression of CpCYP71,a cytochrome P450 gene encoding a key enzyme in the production of benzyl alcohol,and the transcriptional regulation of CpODO1 is driven by CpEOBII.The identification of polymorphisms in the MYB binding cis-motifs of CpCYP71 and CpODO1 promoters revealed the regulatory mechanism underlying the varied synthesis of benzyl alcohol in three wintersweet cultivars.This study provides new anchor points for floral scent quality improvement breeding of wintersweet,and the profusion of wintersweet germplasm can serve as a material basis for developing various aroma products.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant No.12375006。
文摘In this paper,we investigate the(2+1)-dimensional three-component long-wave-short-wave resonance interaction system,which describes complex systems and nonlinear wave phenomena in physics.By employing the Hirota bilinear method,we derive the general nondegenerate N-soliton solution of the system,where each short-wave component contains N arbitrary functions of the independent variable y.The presence of these arbitrary functions in the analytical solution enables the construction of a wide range of nondegenerate soliton types.Finally,we illustrate the structural features of several novel nondegenerate solitons,including M-shaped,multiple double-hump,and sawtooth double-striped solitons,as well as interactions between nondegenerate solitons,such as dromion-like solitons and solitoffs,with the aid of figures.
基金supported by NSFC(Nos.12171207,12101320)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731606)。
文摘In this paper,we study the homological properties of τ-tilting τ^(-1)-tilting modules.We show that the existence of τ-tilting τ^(-1)-tilting modules in modΛdoes not imply thatΛis a 1-Gorenstein algebra.Moreover,we show that an algebraΛsatisfying allτ-tilting modules are τ^(-1)-tilting modules need not be a hereditary algebra.
