Elucidating crops'physiological and molecular mechanisms to adapt to low nitrogen environment and promoting nitrogen transfer from senescent leaves to new leaves is crucial in improving Brassica's nitrogen use...Elucidating crops'physiological and molecular mechanisms to adapt to low nitrogen environment and promoting nitrogen transfer from senescent leaves to new leaves is crucial in improving Brassica's nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).Glutamine synthetase gene(GS)plays a vital role in helping plants reassimilate ammonium released from protein degradation in leaves,and it was the focus of our research on this topic.In this study,we identified high(H141)and low(L65)NUE genotypes of Brassica juncea with different responses to low-nitrogen stress.We found that H141 has a lower nitrate content but higher ammonium and free amino acid contents as well as higher nitrate reductase and GS activities in the shoots.These physiological indicators are responsible for the high NUE of H141.Wholegenome resequencing data revealed that 5,880 genes associated with NUE are polymorphic between H141 and L65.These genes participate in various amino acid,carbohydrate,and energy metabolic pathways.Haplotype analysis revealed two haplotypes for BjuB05.GS1.4,Hap1 and Hap2,which have multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms or insertions/deletions in the regulatory regions of the 5′and 3′untranslated regions and introns.Furthermore,the shoot NUE of Hap1 is significantly lower than that of Hap2.These two haplotypes of BjuB05.GS1.4 lead to differences in the shoot NUEs of different genetic populations of mustard and are associated with the local soil nitrogen content,suggesting that they might help mustard to adapt to different geographic localities.In conclusion,the results of our study shed light on the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying different mustard NUE genotypes and demonstrate the enormous potential of NUE breeding in B.juncea.展开更多
在AMS14C精确定年的基础上,去除有机质、生物碳酸盐和生物硅之后,对南海北部MD05-2905站进行了陆源碎屑的粒度分析。结果显示,15.5~63.5μm粗粒级成分的含量变化特征可用来指示东亚冬季风的变化,2~9μm细粒级成分含量变化可用于指示东...在AMS14C精确定年的基础上,去除有机质、生物碳酸盐和生物硅之后,对南海北部MD05-2905站进行了陆源碎屑的粒度分析。结果显示,15.5~63.5μm粗粒级成分的含量变化特征可用来指示东亚冬季风的变化,2~9μm细粒级成分含量变化可用于指示东亚夏季风的变化。末次冰期以冬季风为主,全新世以夏季风为主,36 ka BP以来东亚夏季风有逐渐增强的总体趋势,但也发生多次突变现象,在全新世早期（8 500~11 200 ka BP）达到36 ka BP以来的最大值,可能是在岁差周期的控制下,与较强的太阳辐射有关。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20236,32072664)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2022RC3053,2021JC0001,2021RC3086,2022NK2009)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-30)the Innovation Foundation for Graduate of Hunan Agricultural University,China(2023XC116)。
文摘Elucidating crops'physiological and molecular mechanisms to adapt to low nitrogen environment and promoting nitrogen transfer from senescent leaves to new leaves is crucial in improving Brassica's nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).Glutamine synthetase gene(GS)plays a vital role in helping plants reassimilate ammonium released from protein degradation in leaves,and it was the focus of our research on this topic.In this study,we identified high(H141)and low(L65)NUE genotypes of Brassica juncea with different responses to low-nitrogen stress.We found that H141 has a lower nitrate content but higher ammonium and free amino acid contents as well as higher nitrate reductase and GS activities in the shoots.These physiological indicators are responsible for the high NUE of H141.Wholegenome resequencing data revealed that 5,880 genes associated with NUE are polymorphic between H141 and L65.These genes participate in various amino acid,carbohydrate,and energy metabolic pathways.Haplotype analysis revealed two haplotypes for BjuB05.GS1.4,Hap1 and Hap2,which have multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms or insertions/deletions in the regulatory regions of the 5′and 3′untranslated regions and introns.Furthermore,the shoot NUE of Hap1 is significantly lower than that of Hap2.These two haplotypes of BjuB05.GS1.4 lead to differences in the shoot NUEs of different genetic populations of mustard and are associated with the local soil nitrogen content,suggesting that they might help mustard to adapt to different geographic localities.In conclusion,the results of our study shed light on the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying different mustard NUE genotypes and demonstrate the enormous potential of NUE breeding in B.juncea.
文摘在AMS14C精确定年的基础上,去除有机质、生物碳酸盐和生物硅之后,对南海北部MD05-2905站进行了陆源碎屑的粒度分析。结果显示,15.5~63.5μm粗粒级成分的含量变化特征可用来指示东亚冬季风的变化,2~9μm细粒级成分含量变化可用于指示东亚夏季风的变化。末次冰期以冬季风为主,全新世以夏季风为主,36 ka BP以来东亚夏季风有逐渐增强的总体趋势,但也发生多次突变现象,在全新世早期（8 500~11 200 ka BP）达到36 ka BP以来的最大值,可能是在岁差周期的控制下,与较强的太阳辐射有关。
