The second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900-1880 nm)overcomes critical limitations of visible(360-760 nm)and NIR-I(760-900 nm)imaging—including restricted penetration depth,low signal-to-back⁃ground ratio,and tissue a...The second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900-1880 nm)overcomes critical limitations of visible(360-760 nm)and NIR-I(760-900 nm)imaging—including restricted penetration depth,low signal-to-back⁃ground ratio,and tissue autofluorescence—establishing its pivotal role for in vivo deep-tissue bioimaging.With exponential growth in NIR-II photodiagnosis and phototherapy research over the past decade,bibliometric analy⁃sis is essential to map the evolving landscape and guide strategic priorities.We systematically analyzed 2,491 NIR-II-related publications(2009-2023)from the Web of Science Core Collection,employing scientometric tools for distinct analytical purposes:(a)VOSviewer,SCImago Graphica,and Gephi for co-authorship and co-occur⁃rence network mapping;(b)the R bibliometrix package for tracking field evolution and identifying high-impact publications/journals.The search retrieved 2491 studies from 359 journals originating from 54 countries.The country with the most published articles is China.Chinese institutions drive>60%of publications,with Stanford University(USA)and Nanyang Technological University(Singapore)ranked as the top two institutions by re⁃search quality.International cooperation is becoming increasingly frequent.Fan Quli,Tang Benzhong and Dai Hongjie are the top 3 productive authors in this field.Keyword evolution identifies"photodynamic therapy"and"immunotherapy"as pivotal future directions.We summarize the most cited literatures and NIR-II imaging clini⁃cal trials.This study delineates the NIR-II research trajectory,highlighting China's leadership,intensifying glob⁃al collaboration,and interdisciplinary convergence.Future efforts should prioritize the novel NIR-II probe devel⁃opment for NIR-II imaging and clinical translation of photodynamic/immunotherapy combinational platforms.展开更多
Stem cell-or tissue-derived three-dimensional organ-like formations,known as organoids,are emerging as effective tools in biomedicine.Since they may be useful in developing customized therapeutic solutions and efficie...Stem cell-or tissue-derived three-dimensional organ-like formations,known as organoids,are emerging as effective tools in biomedicine.Since they may be useful in developing customized therapeutic solutions and efficient drug screening protocols,organoids can deepen our understanding of novel disease mechanisms.In doing so,they can facilitate advancements in drug discovery platforms,pharmacological safety,and clinical trials.This review explores various biomedical applications of organoids,including drug development and disease modeling,and highlights specific tools and analytical techniques that can be employed to investigate organoids and their microenvironments.Finally,we review recent clinical trials and patents related to organoids that show great promise for future clinical translation.展开更多
Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effects of Jiájǐ（夹脊EX-B2） on spastic cerebral palsy （SOP） with acupuncture.Methods 62 cases of SOP were randomized into two groups,named treat- ment group with...Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effects of Jiájǐ（夹脊EX-B2） on spastic cerebral palsy （SOP） with acupuncture.Methods 62 cases of SOP were randomized into two groups,named treat- ment group with acupuncture on Jiájǐ（夹脊EX-B2）,and control group with sham-acupuncture.The treatment was applied once a day,10 times made a course,totally 6 courses were required.Modified Ashworth scale and FIM grade were used to observe and assess the results of treatment.Results The total effective rate was 84.4 % in treatment group and was 63.3 % in control group,indicating significant difference （P〈0.01）. Conclusion Acupuncture on Jiájǐ（夹脊EX-B2） achieves good clinical therapeutic effects on SCP.展开更多
Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of catgut embedding combined with diet plus exercise with that of diet plus exercise in treating simple obesity complicated with abnormal blood fat. Methods A prescription o...Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of catgut embedding combined with diet plus exercise with that of diet plus exercise in treating simple obesity complicated with abnormal blood fat. Methods A prescription of diet plus exercise was given to the patients in a control group, and catgut embedding was added to the prescription in a treatment group. It was given once every 15 days for the 1st three treatments, and once every month for the 2^nd three treatments. Six treatments constituted a therapeutic course. Body weight and blood fat were measured before and half a year since treatment. Results After treatment, BMI, TO, TG and LDL were very significantly improved in the treatment group （P〈0.01）, and BMI and TG were very significantly （P〈0.01） and TO and LDL were significantly （P〈0.05） improved in the control group. HDL was not obviously improved in both groups （P〉0.05）. The improvement of TO, TG and LDL in the treatment group was significantly more than that in the control group （P〈0.01）, but no difference in improvement of BMI and HDL was found between the two groups （P〉0.05）. Conclusion The therapy of diet plus exercise was effective in body weight reduction and lowering blood fat in patients with simple obesity complicated with abnormal blood fat, and catgut embedding used in combination was even better in lowering blood fat.展开更多
As the application of acupuncture has been increased year by year in the field of overseas reproduction, it has become crucial to give a scientific and objective evaluation of the safety and efficacy of acupuncture in...As the application of acupuncture has been increased year by year in the field of overseas reproduction, it has become crucial to give a scientific and objective evaluation of the safety and efficacy of acupuncture in the field of assisted reproduction, which attaches great importance to the sustainable development of acupuncture in the field of reproduction. This article aims to introduce the current situation of overseas clinical study in the field of assisted reproduction, analyze the existing issues profoundly and put forward measures to solve them, in order to enhance the level of international clinical study of acupuncture.展开更多
Objective To probe into the effective method of acupuncture for premature heartbeats. Methods Sixty-four cases of premature heartbeats were randomly divided into an observation group （n=33） and a control group （n=3...Objective To probe into the effective method of acupuncture for premature heartbeats. Methods Sixty-four cases of premature heartbeats were randomly divided into an observation group （n=33） and a control group （n=31）. In the observation group, acupuncture was applied in light of regulating the heart and calming down the mind. The acupoints were Língtái （灵台 GV 10）, Shéndào （神道 GV 11）, Nèiguān （内关 PC 6） and Bǎihuì （百会 GV 20）. In the control group, acupuncture was applied at Nèiguān （内关 PC 6）. The dynamic electrocardiogram （DCG） was measured before and after treatment in each group separately. Results The total effective rate was 63.6% （21/33） in the observation group and was 38.7% （12/31） in the control group, indicating the statistically significant difference in comparison （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Acupuncture in light of regulating the heart and calming down the mind is the good approach for the treatment of premature heartbeats.展开更多
Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effects on dysphagia induced by pseudobulbar palsy chiefly treated with neck acupuncture and probe into the mechanism on the effects. Methods The 86 cases that had been di...Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effects on dysphagia induced by pseudobulbar palsy chiefly treated with neck acupuncture and probe into the mechanism on the effects. Methods The 86 cases that had been diagnosed definitely were randomized into two groups, the treatment group and control group. The treatment group （acupuncture＋western medication） （44 cases） was treated with acupuncture on Fēngfǔ（风府 GV16）, Fēngchí （风池GB20）, Gòngxě（供血 Extra）, Yīmíng （翳明 EX-HN14）, Zhìqiāng （治呛 Extra）, Tūnyàn （吞咽 Extra）, Fāyīn （发音 Extra）, Liánquán （廉泉CV23）, etc., and the intravenous injection with Shuxuetong （疏血通） 6- 10 mL and 0.9%, NaCl 250 mL. The control group （western medication） （42 cases） was treated with the intravenous injection with Shuxuetong （疏血通） 6- 10 mL and 0.9%, NaCl 250 mL. Results The total effective rate was 97.73 % and 80.95 % in the treatment group and control group respectively, indicating very significant difference （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The therapeutic effects mainly with neck acupuncture are better on dysphagia induced by psudalbulbar palsy, which is superior to that with simple western medication and worth to be promoted. Concerning to the mechanism on the therapeutic results, it is viewed that acupuncture on neck points improves the excitability of cerebral neurocytes, resuscitates the reversible neurocytes or awakens the inhibited neurocytes.展开更多
Objective: To study the effects of platelet activation and endothelial cell injury on the patients with malignant tumor and their prognoses.Methods: Radioimmunity and ELISA methods were employed to detect the TXB2, GM...Objective: To study the effects of platelet activation and endothelial cell injury on the patients with malignant tumor and their prognoses.Methods: Radioimmunity and ELISA methods were employed to detect the TXB2, GMP-140, vWF, cGMP and FN in 78 cases of malignant tumor and 40 healthy control persons.Results: The levels of TXB2, MP-140 and cGMP were increased in intestinal cancer group, lung cancer group and hepatic cancer group, while FN decreased in intestinal cancer and lung cancer group. cGMP was positively related to TXB2, GMP-140, vWF in malignant tumor group. FN was decreased in the group complicated with infection and the group with metastasis, while the other indexes increased. GMP-140, vWF and cGMP was decreased after operation except for the increasing of FN.Conclusion: Activations of platelet and injury of endothelial cells developed in patients with malignant tumor, and both of them affected the metastasis and prognosis of malignant tumor. Key words platelet activation - epithelium injury - malignant tumor - metastasis This work was supported by grants from Guangdong Medical Science foundation (A2000633).展开更多
Objective To probe into the impacts on the therapeutic effects and endothelin （ET） in multi-infarct dementia （MID） treated with cluster pricking on head points.Methods 60 cases of MID were randomized into acupunct...Objective To probe into the impacts on the therapeutic effects and endothelin （ET） in multi-infarct dementia （MID） treated with cluster pricking on head points.Methods 60 cases of MID were randomized into acupuncture group and western medicine group,treated with cluster pricking on head points and huperzien A tablet respectively.Plasma ET lever,HDS,ADL and CNFDS （clinical neurological functional defect scoring） were determined before treatment,and the statistical analysis showed that there were no significant difference （P〉0.05）.Results In 8-week treatment,ET level in both groups were decreased,but it was decreased much more obviously in acupuncture group,indicating significant difference in the statistical comparison （P〈0.05）.The scores of HDS and ADL were all up in acupuncture and western medicine groups,but the significant statistical difference was obtained in the comparison between acupuncture group and western medicine group （P〈0.05）.In acupuncture group,the result of CNFDS was much down comparing with that before the treatment,indicating significant difference （P〈0.05）;but in western medicine group,there was no significant difference in CNFDS before and after treatment （P〉0.05）,suggesting that acupuncture reduces CNFDS of MID patient,neither for western medicine.Conclusion Cluster pricking on head points improves the intelligence of MID patient,reduces ET level and grades up HDS and ADL,moreover,it reduces CNFDS of MID patients and releases the symptoms.展开更多
The aim of this study was to develop a novel pharmaceutical excipient:an anion exchange resin.Initially,polystyrenedivinylbenzene(PS-DVB)microspheres were synthesized via suspension polymerization.Subsequently,these m...The aim of this study was to develop a novel pharmaceutical excipient:an anion exchange resin.Initially,polystyrenedivinylbenzene(PS-DVB)microspheres were synthesized via suspension polymerization.Subsequently,these microspheres served as a substrate for chloromethylation using methanol,formaldehyde,and chlorosulfonic acid.By optimizing the reaction conditions,the chloromethylated microspheres were characterized using infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and the Mohr method.Under optimal reaction conditions,the resulting products exhibited uniformity and spherical morphology,with an average particle size of approximately 190μm.The PS-DVB microspheres effectively incorporated chloromethyl groups,as evidenced by a chlorine content of 14.67%.Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that the appearance of the microspheres remained largely unchanged post-reaction.Overall,the research findings demonstrated the successful preparation of the anion exchange resin.Characterization and quality assessment confirmed that the ion exchange resin met the required standards.展开更多
Objective： To analyze the current situation of syphilis in the sexually transmitted diseases （STDs） clinic, from January 1994 to December 2002 was studied. Methods： All syphilis patients were confirmed by history,...Objective： To analyze the current situation of syphilis in the sexually transmitted diseases （STDs） clinic, from January 1994 to December 2002 was studied. Methods： All syphilis patients were confirmed by history, physical examination, dark-field microscopy of samples taken from the chancre or satellite lymph nodes,or positive serological tests. Results： From 1994 to 2002, there were 2067 cases of early syphilis, accounting for 20.01% （2067/10330） of all STD cases. The annual proportion of syphilis cases among all STD cases from 1994 to 2002 was 0.57%, 0.53%, 3.54%, 16.20%, 31.29%, 27.88%, 25.63%, 17.11%, 10.48%, respectively. Of 2067 syphilis patients,49.64% （1026/2067） were male and 50.36% （1041/2067） were female. 44.75% （925/2067） of all cases presented with primary syphilis, 44.90% （928/2067） with secondary syphilis, 9.77% （202/2067） with latent syphilis （without any conspicuous clinical signs or symptoms）, and 0.58% （12/2067） with congenital syphilis. The 30-39 year old cohort accounted for the largest proportion, at 37.68% （779/2067） of all syphilis cases. The 20-29 year old cohort also accounted for a large proportion, at 37.20% （769/2067） of all cases,followed by the 40-49 year old cohort, at 17.95% （371/2067）. Syphilis was most prevalent among the unemployed,self-employed laborers, and office workers in decreasing order. The majority of cases were graduates of either primary school, high school, or college. Of all syphilis cases, 87.86% （1816/2067） were married, and 12.14%（251/2067, including children） were unmarried. 76.78% （1587/2067） of all cases were acquired through extramarital intercourse. 14.03% （290/2067） of cases were infected by their spouses. 0.58% （12/2067） of cases were due to vertical transmission. 8.61% （178） of cases were acquired through indirect contact. Conclusion： The proportion of syphilis infection among all STDs remained stable from 1994 to 1995,quickly and dramatically increased from 1996 to 1999,and then gradually tapered down from 2000 to 2002. The incidence of congenital syphilis infections increased throughout the study period.展开更多
Hepadnaviridae is a family of hepatotropic DNA viruses that is divided into the genera orthohepadnavirus of mammals and avihepadnavirus of birds. All members of this family can cause acute and chronic hepatic infectio...Hepadnaviridae is a family of hepatotropic DNA viruses that is divided into the genera orthohepadnavirus of mammals and avihepadnavirus of birds. All members of this family can cause acute and chronic hepatic infection, which in the case of human hepatitis B virus （HBV） constitutes a major global health problem. Although our knowledge about the molecular biology of these highly liver-specific viruses has profoundly increased in the last two decades, the mechanisms of attachment and productive entrance into the differentiated host hepatocytes are still enigmatic. The difficulties in studying hepadnaviral entry were primarily caused by the lack of easily accessible in vitro infection systems. Thus, for more than twenty years, differentiated primary hepatocytes from the respective species were the only in vitro models for both orthohepadnaviruses （e.g. HBV） and avihepadnaviruses （e.g. duck hepatitis B virus [DHBV]）. Two important discoveries have been made recently regarding HBV： （1） primary hepatoo/tes from tree-shrews; i.e., Tupaia belangeri, can be substituted for primary human hepatocytes, and （2） a human hepatoma cell line （HepaRG） was established that gains susceptibility for HBV infection upon induction of differentiation in vitro. A number of potential HBV receptor candidates have been described in the past, but none of them have been confirmed to function as a receptor. For DHBV and probably all other avian hepadnaviruses, carboxypeptidase D （CPD） has been shown to be indispensable for infection, although the exact role of this molecule is still under debate. While still restricted to the use of primary duck hepatocytes （PDH）, investigations performed with DHBV provided important general concepts on the first steps of hepadnaviral infection. However, with emerging data obtained from the new HBV infection systems, the hope that DHBV utilizes the same mechanism as HBV only partially held true. Nevertheless, both HBV and DHBV in vitro infection systems will help to： （1） functionally dissect the hepadnaviral entry pathways, （2） perform reverse genetics （e.g. test the fitness of escape mutants）, （3） titrate and map neutralizing antibodies, （4） improve current vaccines to combat acute and chronic infections of hepatitis B, and （5） develop entry inhibitors for future clinical applications.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81874059 and 82102105)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ22H160017)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M702825).
文摘The second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900-1880 nm)overcomes critical limitations of visible(360-760 nm)and NIR-I(760-900 nm)imaging—including restricted penetration depth,low signal-to-back⁃ground ratio,and tissue autofluorescence—establishing its pivotal role for in vivo deep-tissue bioimaging.With exponential growth in NIR-II photodiagnosis and phototherapy research over the past decade,bibliometric analy⁃sis is essential to map the evolving landscape and guide strategic priorities.We systematically analyzed 2,491 NIR-II-related publications(2009-2023)from the Web of Science Core Collection,employing scientometric tools for distinct analytical purposes:(a)VOSviewer,SCImago Graphica,and Gephi for co-authorship and co-occur⁃rence network mapping;(b)the R bibliometrix package for tracking field evolution and identifying high-impact publications/journals.The search retrieved 2491 studies from 359 journals originating from 54 countries.The country with the most published articles is China.Chinese institutions drive>60%of publications,with Stanford University(USA)and Nanyang Technological University(Singapore)ranked as the top two institutions by re⁃search quality.International cooperation is becoming increasingly frequent.Fan Quli,Tang Benzhong and Dai Hongjie are the top 3 productive authors in this field.Keyword evolution identifies"photodynamic therapy"and"immunotherapy"as pivotal future directions.We summarize the most cited literatures and NIR-II imaging clini⁃cal trials.This study delineates the NIR-II research trajectory,highlighting China's leadership,intensifying glob⁃al collaboration,and interdisciplinary convergence.Future efforts should prioritize the novel NIR-II probe devel⁃opment for NIR-II imaging and clinical translation of photodynamic/immunotherapy combinational platforms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82172567)Key R&D Plan of Jiangxi Province(No.2021BBG71006)the Key Project of Science and Technology Innovation of Health Commission of Jiangxi Province(Nos.2023ZD005 and 2024ZD008)。
文摘Stem cell-or tissue-derived three-dimensional organ-like formations,known as organoids,are emerging as effective tools in biomedicine.Since they may be useful in developing customized therapeutic solutions and efficient drug screening protocols,organoids can deepen our understanding of novel disease mechanisms.In doing so,they can facilitate advancements in drug discovery platforms,pharmacological safety,and clinical trials.This review explores various biomedical applications of organoids,including drug development and disease modeling,and highlights specific tools and analytical techniques that can be employed to investigate organoids and their microenvironments.Finally,we review recent clinical trials and patents related to organoids that show great promise for future clinical translation.
文摘Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effects of Jiájǐ（夹脊EX-B2） on spastic cerebral palsy （SOP） with acupuncture.Methods 62 cases of SOP were randomized into two groups,named treat- ment group with acupuncture on Jiájǐ（夹脊EX-B2）,and control group with sham-acupuncture.The treatment was applied once a day,10 times made a course,totally 6 courses were required.Modified Ashworth scale and FIM grade were used to observe and assess the results of treatment.Results The total effective rate was 84.4 % in treatment group and was 63.3 % in control group,indicating significant difference （P〈0.01）. Conclusion Acupuncture on Jiájǐ（夹脊EX-B2） achieves good clinical therapeutic effects on SCP.
文摘Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of catgut embedding combined with diet plus exercise with that of diet plus exercise in treating simple obesity complicated with abnormal blood fat. Methods A prescription of diet plus exercise was given to the patients in a control group, and catgut embedding was added to the prescription in a treatment group. It was given once every 15 days for the 1st three treatments, and once every month for the 2^nd three treatments. Six treatments constituted a therapeutic course. Body weight and blood fat were measured before and half a year since treatment. Results After treatment, BMI, TO, TG and LDL were very significantly improved in the treatment group （P〈0.01）, and BMI and TG were very significantly （P〈0.01） and TO and LDL were significantly （P〈0.05） improved in the control group. HDL was not obviously improved in both groups （P〉0.05）. The improvement of TO, TG and LDL in the treatment group was significantly more than that in the control group （P〈0.01）, but no difference in improvement of BMI and HDL was found between the two groups （P〉0.05）. Conclusion The therapy of diet plus exercise was effective in body weight reduction and lowering blood fat in patients with simple obesity complicated with abnormal blood fat, and catgut embedding used in combination was even better in lowering blood fat.
文摘As the application of acupuncture has been increased year by year in the field of overseas reproduction, it has become crucial to give a scientific and objective evaluation of the safety and efficacy of acupuncture in the field of assisted reproduction, which attaches great importance to the sustainable development of acupuncture in the field of reproduction. This article aims to introduce the current situation of overseas clinical study in the field of assisted reproduction, analyze the existing issues profoundly and put forward measures to solve them, in order to enhance the level of international clinical study of acupuncture.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Province: 2005-163
文摘Objective To probe into the effective method of acupuncture for premature heartbeats. Methods Sixty-four cases of premature heartbeats were randomly divided into an observation group （n=33） and a control group （n=31）. In the observation group, acupuncture was applied in light of regulating the heart and calming down the mind. The acupoints were Língtái （灵台 GV 10）, Shéndào （神道 GV 11）, Nèiguān （内关 PC 6） and Bǎihuì （百会 GV 20）. In the control group, acupuncture was applied at Nèiguān （内关 PC 6）. The dynamic electrocardiogram （DCG） was measured before and after treatment in each group separately. Results The total effective rate was 63.6% （21/33） in the observation group and was 38.7% （12/31） in the control group, indicating the statistically significant difference in comparison （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Acupuncture in light of regulating the heart and calming down the mind is the good approach for the treatment of premature heartbeats.
文摘Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effects on dysphagia induced by pseudobulbar palsy chiefly treated with neck acupuncture and probe into the mechanism on the effects. Methods The 86 cases that had been diagnosed definitely were randomized into two groups, the treatment group and control group. The treatment group （acupuncture＋western medication） （44 cases） was treated with acupuncture on Fēngfǔ（风府 GV16）, Fēngchí （风池GB20）, Gòngxě（供血 Extra）, Yīmíng （翳明 EX-HN14）, Zhìqiāng （治呛 Extra）, Tūnyàn （吞咽 Extra）, Fāyīn （发音 Extra）, Liánquán （廉泉CV23）, etc., and the intravenous injection with Shuxuetong （疏血通） 6- 10 mL and 0.9%, NaCl 250 mL. The control group （western medication） （42 cases） was treated with the intravenous injection with Shuxuetong （疏血通） 6- 10 mL and 0.9%, NaCl 250 mL. Results The total effective rate was 97.73 % and 80.95 % in the treatment group and control group respectively, indicating very significant difference （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The therapeutic effects mainly with neck acupuncture are better on dysphagia induced by psudalbulbar palsy, which is superior to that with simple western medication and worth to be promoted. Concerning to the mechanism on the therapeutic results, it is viewed that acupuncture on neck points improves the excitability of cerebral neurocytes, resuscitates the reversible neurocytes or awakens the inhibited neurocytes.
基金This work was supported by grants from Guangdong Medical Science foundation(A2000633).
文摘Objective: To study the effects of platelet activation and endothelial cell injury on the patients with malignant tumor and their prognoses.Methods: Radioimmunity and ELISA methods were employed to detect the TXB2, GMP-140, vWF, cGMP and FN in 78 cases of malignant tumor and 40 healthy control persons.Results: The levels of TXB2, MP-140 and cGMP were increased in intestinal cancer group, lung cancer group and hepatic cancer group, while FN decreased in intestinal cancer and lung cancer group. cGMP was positively related to TXB2, GMP-140, vWF in malignant tumor group. FN was decreased in the group complicated with infection and the group with metastasis, while the other indexes increased. GMP-140, vWF and cGMP was decreased after operation except for the increasing of FN.Conclusion: Activations of platelet and injury of endothelial cells developed in patients with malignant tumor, and both of them affected the metastasis and prognosis of malignant tumor. Key words platelet activation - epithelium injury - malignant tumor - metastasis This work was supported by grants from Guangdong Medical Science foundation (A2000633).
文摘Objective To probe into the impacts on the therapeutic effects and endothelin （ET） in multi-infarct dementia （MID） treated with cluster pricking on head points.Methods 60 cases of MID were randomized into acupuncture group and western medicine group,treated with cluster pricking on head points and huperzien A tablet respectively.Plasma ET lever,HDS,ADL and CNFDS （clinical neurological functional defect scoring） were determined before treatment,and the statistical analysis showed that there were no significant difference （P〉0.05）.Results In 8-week treatment,ET level in both groups were decreased,but it was decreased much more obviously in acupuncture group,indicating significant difference in the statistical comparison （P〈0.05）.The scores of HDS and ADL were all up in acupuncture and western medicine groups,but the significant statistical difference was obtained in the comparison between acupuncture group and western medicine group （P〈0.05）.In acupuncture group,the result of CNFDS was much down comparing with that before the treatment,indicating significant difference （P〈0.05）;but in western medicine group,there was no significant difference in CNFDS before and after treatment （P〉0.05）,suggesting that acupuncture reduces CNFDS of MID patient,neither for western medicine.Conclusion Cluster pricking on head points improves the intelligence of MID patient,reduces ET level and grades up HDS and ADL,moreover,it reduces CNFDS of MID patients and releases the symptoms.
基金2023 Nantong Jianghai Talents Project,the Nantong Social Livelihood Science and Technology Plan for 2023the 2022 New Drugs and Platform Enhancement Project of the Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute.Additionally,support was provided by the Zhenjiang Science and Technology Project(Grant No.SH2020048)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2020M681532)the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(Grant No.2020Z209)the Natural Science Research Projects of Universities in Jiangsu Province(Grant No.20KJD350001).
文摘The aim of this study was to develop a novel pharmaceutical excipient:an anion exchange resin.Initially,polystyrenedivinylbenzene(PS-DVB)microspheres were synthesized via suspension polymerization.Subsequently,these microspheres served as a substrate for chloromethylation using methanol,formaldehyde,and chlorosulfonic acid.By optimizing the reaction conditions,the chloromethylated microspheres were characterized using infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and the Mohr method.Under optimal reaction conditions,the resulting products exhibited uniformity and spherical morphology,with an average particle size of approximately 190μm.The PS-DVB microspheres effectively incorporated chloromethyl groups,as evidenced by a chlorine content of 14.67%.Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that the appearance of the microspheres remained largely unchanged post-reaction.Overall,the research findings demonstrated the successful preparation of the anion exchange resin.Characterization and quality assessment confirmed that the ion exchange resin met the required standards.
文摘Objective： To analyze the current situation of syphilis in the sexually transmitted diseases （STDs） clinic, from January 1994 to December 2002 was studied. Methods： All syphilis patients were confirmed by history, physical examination, dark-field microscopy of samples taken from the chancre or satellite lymph nodes,or positive serological tests. Results： From 1994 to 2002, there were 2067 cases of early syphilis, accounting for 20.01% （2067/10330） of all STD cases. The annual proportion of syphilis cases among all STD cases from 1994 to 2002 was 0.57%, 0.53%, 3.54%, 16.20%, 31.29%, 27.88%, 25.63%, 17.11%, 10.48%, respectively. Of 2067 syphilis patients,49.64% （1026/2067） were male and 50.36% （1041/2067） were female. 44.75% （925/2067） of all cases presented with primary syphilis, 44.90% （928/2067） with secondary syphilis, 9.77% （202/2067） with latent syphilis （without any conspicuous clinical signs or symptoms）, and 0.58% （12/2067） with congenital syphilis. The 30-39 year old cohort accounted for the largest proportion, at 37.68% （779/2067） of all syphilis cases. The 20-29 year old cohort also accounted for a large proportion, at 37.20% （769/2067） of all cases,followed by the 40-49 year old cohort, at 17.95% （371/2067）. Syphilis was most prevalent among the unemployed,self-employed laborers, and office workers in decreasing order. The majority of cases were graduates of either primary school, high school, or college. Of all syphilis cases, 87.86% （1816/2067） were married, and 12.14%（251/2067, including children） were unmarried. 76.78% （1587/2067） of all cases were acquired through extramarital intercourse. 14.03% （290/2067） of cases were infected by their spouses. 0.58% （12/2067） of cases were due to vertical transmission. 8.61% （178） of cases were acquired through indirect contact. Conclusion： The proportion of syphilis infection among all STDs remained stable from 1994 to 1995,quickly and dramatically increased from 1996 to 1999,and then gradually tapered down from 2000 to 2002. The incidence of congenital syphilis infections increased throughout the study period.
基金Supported by grant SFB535/A2 from DFG, EU QLK 2000- 01476 and DFG UR72/1-3, UR72/1-4
文摘Hepadnaviridae is a family of hepatotropic DNA viruses that is divided into the genera orthohepadnavirus of mammals and avihepadnavirus of birds. All members of this family can cause acute and chronic hepatic infection, which in the case of human hepatitis B virus （HBV） constitutes a major global health problem. Although our knowledge about the molecular biology of these highly liver-specific viruses has profoundly increased in the last two decades, the mechanisms of attachment and productive entrance into the differentiated host hepatocytes are still enigmatic. The difficulties in studying hepadnaviral entry were primarily caused by the lack of easily accessible in vitro infection systems. Thus, for more than twenty years, differentiated primary hepatocytes from the respective species were the only in vitro models for both orthohepadnaviruses （e.g. HBV） and avihepadnaviruses （e.g. duck hepatitis B virus [DHBV]）. Two important discoveries have been made recently regarding HBV： （1） primary hepatoo/tes from tree-shrews; i.e., Tupaia belangeri, can be substituted for primary human hepatocytes, and （2） a human hepatoma cell line （HepaRG） was established that gains susceptibility for HBV infection upon induction of differentiation in vitro. A number of potential HBV receptor candidates have been described in the past, but none of them have been confirmed to function as a receptor. For DHBV and probably all other avian hepadnaviruses, carboxypeptidase D （CPD） has been shown to be indispensable for infection, although the exact role of this molecule is still under debate. While still restricted to the use of primary duck hepatocytes （PDH）, investigations performed with DHBV provided important general concepts on the first steps of hepadnaviral infection. However, with emerging data obtained from the new HBV infection systems, the hope that DHBV utilizes the same mechanism as HBV only partially held true. Nevertheless, both HBV and DHBV in vitro infection systems will help to： （1） functionally dissect the hepadnaviral entry pathways, （2） perform reverse genetics （e.g. test the fitness of escape mutants）, （3） titrate and map neutralizing antibodies, （4） improve current vaccines to combat acute and chronic infections of hepatitis B, and （5） develop entry inhibitors for future clinical applications.
