Respiratory tract infections(RTIs)pose a significant threat to human health.Inpatient wards face greater risks of RTIs than restricted or public areas in healthcare facilities.While mechanical or hybrid ventilation sy...Respiratory tract infections(RTIs)pose a significant threat to human health.Inpatient wards face greater risks of RTIs than restricted or public areas in healthcare facilities.While mechanical or hybrid ventilation systems meet the stringent infection prevention and control(IPC)standards required for inpatient wards,natural ventilation remains the preferred option in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)due to resource limitations.This paper employed reinforcement learning(RL)to actively control the opening and closing behavior of sliding windows in inpatient wards using a single-sided,single-opening natural ventilation strategy.Simulations were conducted in Guangzhou and Kunming,two Chinese cities with climates suitable for natural ventilation,to compare four window operation strategies:RL-based operation,always open windows,always closed windows,and random operation.Monthly simulations and annual simulations revealed that the RL-based window operation strategy effectively regulates comfort and IPC metrics.This approach enhances natural ventilation’s potential,reducing technical complexity,capital costs,and energy consumption.It is thus an ideal solution for hospital wards in LMICs during design or renovation phases.展开更多
This paper considers the guidance and control problem of a flight vehicle with sidewindow detection. In order to guarantee the target remaining in the seeker＇s sight of view, the line of sight and the attitude of the...This paper considers the guidance and control problem of a flight vehicle with sidewindow detection. In order to guarantee the target remaining in the seeker＇s sight of view, the line of sight and the attitude of the flight vehicle should be under some constraints caused by the sidewindow, which leads to coupling between the guidance and the attitude dynamics model. To deal with the side-window constraints and the coupling, a novel Integrated Guidance and Control（IGC）design approach is proposed. Firstly, the relative motion equations are derived in the body-Line of Sight（LOS） coordinate system. And the guidance and control problem of the flight vehicle is formulated into an IGC problem with state constraints. Then, based on the singular perturbation method, the IGC problem is decomposed into the control design of the quasi-steady-state subsystem and the boundary-layer subsystem which can be designed separately. Finally, the receding horizon control is applied to the control design for the two subsystems. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program)(52378027)supported the study design,data collection,and analysis.
文摘Respiratory tract infections(RTIs)pose a significant threat to human health.Inpatient wards face greater risks of RTIs than restricted or public areas in healthcare facilities.While mechanical or hybrid ventilation systems meet the stringent infection prevention and control(IPC)standards required for inpatient wards,natural ventilation remains the preferred option in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)due to resource limitations.This paper employed reinforcement learning(RL)to actively control the opening and closing behavior of sliding windows in inpatient wards using a single-sided,single-opening natural ventilation strategy.Simulations were conducted in Guangzhou and Kunming,two Chinese cities with climates suitable for natural ventilation,to compare four window operation strategies:RL-based operation,always open windows,always closed windows,and random operation.Monthly simulations and annual simulations revealed that the RL-based window operation strategy effectively regulates comfort and IPC metrics.This approach enhances natural ventilation’s potential,reducing technical complexity,capital costs,and energy consumption.It is thus an ideal solution for hospital wards in LMICs during design or renovation phases.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61473099 and 61333001)
文摘This paper considers the guidance and control problem of a flight vehicle with sidewindow detection. In order to guarantee the target remaining in the seeker＇s sight of view, the line of sight and the attitude of the flight vehicle should be under some constraints caused by the sidewindow, which leads to coupling between the guidance and the attitude dynamics model. To deal with the side-window constraints and the coupling, a novel Integrated Guidance and Control（IGC）design approach is proposed. Firstly, the relative motion equations are derived in the body-Line of Sight（LOS） coordinate system. And the guidance and control problem of the flight vehicle is formulated into an IGC problem with state constraints. Then, based on the singular perturbation method, the IGC problem is decomposed into the control design of the quasi-steady-state subsystem and the boundary-layer subsystem which can be designed separately. Finally, the receding horizon control is applied to the control design for the two subsystems. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
