The regulation of interface electron-transfer and catalytic kinetics is very important to design the efficient electrocatalyst for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).Here,we show the Pt-Ni alloy nanoparticles(P...The regulation of interface electron-transfer and catalytic kinetics is very important to design the efficient electrocatalyst for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).Here,we show the Pt-Ni alloy nanoparticles(PtNi_(2))have an enhanced HOR activity compared with single component Pt catalyst.While,the interface electron-transfer kinetics of PtNi_(2)catalyst exhibits a very wide electron-transfer speed distribution.When combined with carbon dots(CDs),the interface charge transfer of PtNi_(2)-CDs composite is optimized,and then the PtNi_(2)-5 mg CDs exhibits about 2.67 times and 4.04 times higher mass and specific activity in 0.1 M KOH than that of 20%commercial Pt/C.In this system,CDs also contribute to trapping H^(+)and H_(2)O generated during HOR,tuning hydrogen binding energy(HBE),and regulating interface electron transfer.This work provides a deep understanding of the interface catalytic kinetics of Pt-based alloys towards highly efficient HOR catalysts design.展开更多
A transient three-dimensional coupling model based on the compressible volume of fluid （VOF） method was developed to simulate the transport of volatile pollutants at the air-water interface. VOF is a numerical techn...A transient three-dimensional coupling model based on the compressible volume of fluid （VOF） method was developed to simulate the transport of volatile pollutants at the air-water interface. VOF is a numerical technique for locating and tracking the free surface of water flow. The relationships between Henry＇s constant, thermodynamics parameters, and the enlarged topological index were proposed for nonstandard conditions. A series of experiments and numerical simulations were performed to study the transport of benzene and carbinol. The simulation results agreed with the experimental results. Temperature had no effect on mass transfer of pollutants with low transfer free energy and high Henry＇s constant. The temporal and spatial distribution of pollutants with high transfer free energy and low Henry＇s constant was affected by temperature. The total enthalpy and total transfer free energy increased significantly with temperature, with significant fluctuations at low temperatures. The total enthalpy and total transfer free energy increased steadily without fluctuation at high temperatures.展开更多
One-dimensional nanowire is an important candidate for lead-halide perovskite-based photonic detectors and solar cells. Its surface population, diameter, and growth direction, etc., are critical for device performance...One-dimensional nanowire is an important candidate for lead-halide perovskite-based photonic detectors and solar cells. Its surface population, diameter, and growth direction, etc., are critical for device performance. In this research,we carried out a detailed study on electron transfer process at the interface of nanowire CH_(3) NH_(3) PbI_(3)(N-MAPbI_(3))/Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl-ester synonym(PCBM), as well as the interface of compact CH_(3) NH_(3) PbI_(3)(C-MAPbI_(3))/PCBM by transient absorption spectroscopy. By comparing the carrier recombination dynamics of N-MAPbI_(3), N-MAPbI_(3)/PCBM,C-MAPbI_(3), and C-MAPbI_(3)/PCBM from picosecond(ps) to hundred nanosecond(ns) time scale, it is demonstrated that electron transfer at N-MAPbI_(3)/PCBM interface is less efficient than that at C-MAPbI_(3)/PCBM interface. In addition, electron transfer efficiency at C-MAPbI_(3)/PCBM interface was found to be excitation density-dependent, and it reduces with photo-generation carrier concentration increasing in a range from 1.0 × 1018 cm^(-3)–4.0 × 1018 cm^(-3). Hot electron transfer,which leads to acceleration of electron transfer between the interfaces, was also visualized as carrier concentration increases from 1.0 × 10^(18) cm^(-3)–2.2 × 10^(18) cm^(-3).展开更多
We develop a design of a hybrid quantum interface for quantum information transfer （QIT）, adopting a nanome- chanical resonator as the intermedium, which is magnetically coupled with individual nitrogen-vacancy cent...We develop a design of a hybrid quantum interface for quantum information transfer （QIT）, adopting a nanome- chanical resonator as the intermedium, which is magnetically coupled with individual nitrogen-vacancy centers as the solid qubits, while eapacitively coupled with a coplanar waveguide resonator as the quantum data bus. We describe the Hamiltonian of the model, and analytically demonstrate the QIT for both the resonant interaction and large detuning cases. The hybrid quantum interface allows for QIT between arbitrarily selected individual nitrogen-vacancy centers, and has advantages of the sealability and controllability. Our methods open an alter- native perspective for implementing QIT, which is important during quantum storing or processing procedures in quantum computing.展开更多
We propose a scheme to implement quantum state transfer between two distant quantum nodes via a hybrid solid–optomechanical interface. The quantum state is encoded on the native superconducting qubit, and transferred...We propose a scheme to implement quantum state transfer between two distant quantum nodes via a hybrid solid–optomechanical interface. The quantum state is encoded on the native superconducting qubit, and transferred to the microwave photon, then the optical photon successively, which afterwards is transmitted to the remote node by cavity leaking,and finally the quantum state is transferred to the remote superconducting qubit. The high efficiency of the state transfer is achieved by controllable Gaussian pulses sequence and numerically demonstrated with theoretically feasible parameters.Our scheme has the potential to implement unified quantum computing–communication–computing, and high fidelity of the microwave–optics–microwave transfer process of the quantum state.展开更多
Nuclear fusion is recognized as the energy of the future,and considerable effort and capital have been put into the research of controlled nuclear fusion in the past decades.The most challenging thing for controlled n...Nuclear fusion is recognized as the energy of the future,and considerable effort and capital have been put into the research of controlled nuclear fusion in the past decades.The most challenging thing for controlled nuclear fusion is to generate and maintain a super high temperature.Here,a sonication system combined with micro-scale fluid control techniques was built to generate cavitation within a limited region.As bubbles were rapidly compressed,the high-temperature plasma generated inside led to particle emissions,where a Cs2LiYCl6:Ce3+(CLYC)scintillator is used to collect the emission events.The pulse shape discrimination methods applied to the captured signals revealed that only gamma ray events were observed under sonication with normal water,while obvious separation of neutron and gamma ray events was surprisingly identified under sonication with deuterated water.This result suggested that neutrons were emitted from the sonicated deuterated water,i.e.,deuterium-deuterium thermonuclear fusion was initiated.This study provides an alternative and feasible approach to achieve controllable nuclear fusion and makes great sense for future studies on the application of fusion energy.展开更多
As the strain sensing element of a structural health monitoring,the study and the application of the fibre-optic bragg grating(FBG)have been widely accepted.The accuracy of the FBG sensor is highly dependent on the ph...As the strain sensing element of a structural health monitoring,the study and the application of the fibre-optic bragg grating(FBG)have been widely accepted.The accuracy of the FBG sensor is highly dependent on the physical and the mechanical properties of the strain interface transferring characteristics among the layers of bare optical fibre,protective coating,adhesive layer and host material.In this paper,firstly,the general expression of the multilayer interface strain transferring mechanism is derived.Secondly,based on the defined average strain,the error-modified equation of the FBG sensor is obtained.Finally,in the light of the embedded tube-packaged FBG and the fibre reinforced polymer-optical fibre bragg grating(FRP-OFBG)strain sensors,developed in the Harbin Institute of Technology(HIT),the corresponding strain transferring laws have been studied,and the corresponding error modification coefficients have also been given,which are validated by experiments.The research results provide theories for the development and application of the embedded FBG sensors.展开更多
This article is try to explain or analyze the key technologies of controlling the surface quality of low carbon steel as cast strip through investigation of interface heat transfer between solidified shell and liquid ...This article is try to explain or analyze the key technologies of controlling the surface quality of low carbon steel as cast strip through investigation of interface heat transfer between solidified shell and liquid steel.The one of the key technologies of controlling surface quality of low carbon steel as cast strip is through the casting roll surface texture in order to achieve the homogeneous solidification on the casting roll.Another is through forming a thin film on the casting roll surface in order to achieve a balance between rapid solidification and homogeneous solidification.This film formed between the twin roll and the molten steel can be controlled by adjusting the chemical composition and inclusion in liquid steel through controlling the amount of all[O]and free[O].展开更多
Photoelectrocatalytic seawater splitting is a promising low-cost method to produce green hydrogen in a large scale.The effects of Cl^(-)ions in seawater on the performance of a photoanode have been reported in previou...Photoelectrocatalytic seawater splitting is a promising low-cost method to produce green hydrogen in a large scale.The effects of Cl^(-)ions in seawater on the performance of a photoanode have been reported in previous studies.However,few researches have been done on the roles of Cl^(-)ions in a photocathode.Herein,for the first time,we find that Cl^(-)ions in the electrolyte improve the photocurrent of a Si/In_(2)S_(3) photocathode by 50% at-0.6 V_(RHE).An in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)characterization combined with the time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry by simulating photoelectrochemical conditions was used to investigate the interface charge transfer mechanism.The results suggest that there is an In_(2)^(+3)S_(3-x)(OH)_(2x)layer on the surface of In_(2)S_(3) in the phosphate buffer solution(PBS)electrolyte,which plays a role as an interface charge transfer mediator in the Si/In_(2)S_(3) photocathode.The In_(2)^(+3)S_(3-x)(OH)_(2x)surface layer becomes In_(2)^(+3)S_(3-x)(Cl)_(2x)in the PBS electrolyte with NaCl and accelerates the charge transfer rate at the In_(2)S_(3)/electrolyte interface.These results offer a new concept of regulating interface charge transfer mediator to enhance the performance of photoelectrocatalytic seawater splitting for hydrogen production.展开更多
Beyond photothermal conversion,the surface wettability of light-absorbing materials should be also determinative to the efficiency of solar-driven interfacial steam generation(SISG).Herein,by modifying hydrophobic Cu ...Beyond photothermal conversion,the surface wettability of light-absorbing materials should be also determinative to the efficiency of solar-driven interfacial steam generation(SISG).Herein,by modifying hydrophobic Cu nanoparticles(NPs)with a hydrophilic carbon(C)shell,hydrophilic Cu@C core-shell NPs were successfully fabricated and used for constructing evaporation films for SISG.In comparison to the film constructed with Cu NPs,the evaporation films constructed with Cu@C core-shell NPs exhibit much increased SISG efficiency,reaching 94.6%as high.Except for the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)effect of Cu NPs ensuring the excellent photothermal conversion,it is experimentally and theoretically revealed that the surface wettability switching from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity,as induced by C coating,is beneficial to heat transfer at the solid/liquid interface and water transport at the evaporative surface,thus improving the thermal-evaporation conversion performance for efficient SISG.However,the further thickened C shells would weaken the LSPR effect and hinder the interface heat and water transfer,leading to the decreased photothermal and thermal-evaporation conversion efficiencies,and thus the lowered SISG performances.This demonstration gives an alternative and promising access to the rational design of photothermal materials featured with switchable surface wettability ensuring interface heat and water transfer enhancement for efficient SISG.展开更多
Three empirical rules of interfacial potential and Gibb's energy with the radius,charge number of transfer ions and dielectric constant of organic phase are obtained for the ion transfer across the liquid-liquid i...Three empirical rules of interfacial potential and Gibb's energy with the radius,charge number of transfer ions and dielectric constant of organic phase are obtained for the ion transfer across the liquid-liquid interface,which are verified by the transfer of simple anions,dye ions and metal ions facilitated by neutral ionophores across the interface between water and some organic solvents, and deduced theoretically based on the electrostatic interaction of ion and high-permittivity solvent. The rules are proved to be effective of choosing supporting electrolytes and searching for new transfer system which follows the rule that r/n of transfer ion should be larger than that of electrolytes ion in water phase and less than that in organic phase.A rule for judgement of the charge sign of transfer ion is suggested firstly based on the relationship between interfacial half-wave potential and dielectric constant of organic phase.展开更多
The ion transfer of the basic dye rhodamine B at the interface between water and nitro- benzene,water and 1,2-dichloroethane,as well as water and nitrobenzene-chlorobenzene mixtures has been studied by cyclic voltamme...The ion transfer of the basic dye rhodamine B at the interface between water and nitro- benzene,water and 1,2-dichloroethane,as well as water and nitrobenzene-chlorobenzene mixtures has been studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry with linear current scanning.A transfer mechanism of rhodamine B is proposed in terms of its electrochemical behavior,dissociation and distribution equilibria,and is ascribed as diffusion-controlled reversible process of rhodamine B.The ex- perimental data obtained for the relationship between interfacial half-wave potential ° and pH are in agreement with the theoretical equation based on the mechanism,and the standard interracial potential differences °and standard Gibbs energies G°are calculated by extrapolation.The effect of the nature of solvent on the transfer behavior and the stability of the interface have been dis- cussed.展开更多
The phase transfer mechanism of 18-molybdophosphate anion at the water/nitrobenzene interfaca has been investigated by chronopotentiometry with cyclic linear current-scanning (CLC) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The tra...The phase transfer mechanism of 18-molybdophosphate anion at the water/nitrobenzene interfaca has been investigated by chronopotentiometry with cyclic linear current-scanning (CLC) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The transfer species is 18-molybdophosphtae anion with a charge number of-4, H_2[P_2Mo_(18)O_(62)]^(4-). The transfer process is controlled by diffusion at a slow polarization rate and considerably influenced by pH of the aqueous phase. The stable forms and pH range of the heteropoly anion in the aqueous solution can be directly confirmed through voltammetric behavior. The theoretical analysis of the relationship between the transfer potential and solution pH is identical to the experimental results. The linear concentration relationship with the transfer peak current is suggested to be used in the determination of heteropoly acids(salts).展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0406104,2020YFA0406101)the National MCF Energy R&D Program of China(2018YFE0306105)+5 种基金the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51821002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51725204,21771132,51972216,52041202)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190041)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guang Dong Province(2019B010933001)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technologythe 111 Project。
文摘The regulation of interface electron-transfer and catalytic kinetics is very important to design the efficient electrocatalyst for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).Here,we show the Pt-Ni alloy nanoparticles(PtNi_(2))have an enhanced HOR activity compared with single component Pt catalyst.While,the interface electron-transfer kinetics of PtNi_(2)catalyst exhibits a very wide electron-transfer speed distribution.When combined with carbon dots(CDs),the interface charge transfer of PtNi_(2)-CDs composite is optimized,and then the PtNi_(2)-5 mg CDs exhibits about 2.67 times and 4.04 times higher mass and specific activity in 0.1 M KOH than that of 20%commercial Pt/C.In this system,CDs also contribute to trapping H^(+)and H_(2)O generated during HOR,tuning hydrogen binding energy(HBE),and regulating interface electron transfer.This work provides a deep understanding of the interface catalytic kinetics of Pt-based alloys towards highly efficient HOR catalysts design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51109106)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20130946)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province
文摘A transient three-dimensional coupling model based on the compressible volume of fluid （VOF） method was developed to simulate the transport of volatile pollutants at the air-water interface. VOF is a numerical technique for locating and tracking the free surface of water flow. The relationships between Henry＇s constant, thermodynamics parameters, and the enlarged topological index were proposed for nonstandard conditions. A series of experiments and numerical simulations were performed to study the transport of benzene and carbinol. The simulation results agreed with the experimental results. Temperature had no effect on mass transfer of pollutants with low transfer free energy and high Henry＇s constant. The temporal and spatial distribution of pollutants with high transfer free energy and low Henry＇s constant was affected by temperature. The total enthalpy and total transfer free energy increased significantly with temperature, with significant fluctuations at low temperatures. The total enthalpy and total transfer free energy increased steadily without fluctuation at high temperatures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21503066 and 61904048)the Fundamental Research Project from Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee (Grant No. JCYJ20180302174021198)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei ProvinceChina(Grant No. F2017201136)the Foundation of Hebei Educational Committee (Grant No. ZC2016003)。
文摘One-dimensional nanowire is an important candidate for lead-halide perovskite-based photonic detectors and solar cells. Its surface population, diameter, and growth direction, etc., are critical for device performance. In this research,we carried out a detailed study on electron transfer process at the interface of nanowire CH_(3) NH_(3) PbI_(3)(N-MAPbI_(3))/Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl-ester synonym(PCBM), as well as the interface of compact CH_(3) NH_(3) PbI_(3)(C-MAPbI_(3))/PCBM by transient absorption spectroscopy. By comparing the carrier recombination dynamics of N-MAPbI_(3), N-MAPbI_(3)/PCBM,C-MAPbI_(3), and C-MAPbI_(3)/PCBM from picosecond(ps) to hundred nanosecond(ns) time scale, it is demonstrated that electron transfer at N-MAPbI_(3)/PCBM interface is less efficient than that at C-MAPbI_(3)/PCBM interface. In addition, electron transfer efficiency at C-MAPbI_(3)/PCBM interface was found to be excitation density-dependent, and it reduces with photo-generation carrier concentration increasing in a range from 1.0 × 1018 cm^(-3)–4.0 × 1018 cm^(-3). Hot electron transfer,which leads to acceleration of electron transfer between the interfaces, was also visualized as carrier concentration increases from 1.0 × 10^(18) cm^(-3)–2.2 × 10^(18) cm^(-3).
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11305021the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China under Grants Nos 3132014229 and 3132014328
文摘We develop a design of a hybrid quantum interface for quantum information transfer （QIT）, adopting a nanome- chanical resonator as the intermedium, which is magnetically coupled with individual nitrogen-vacancy centers as the solid qubits, while eapacitively coupled with a coplanar waveguide resonator as the quantum data bus. We describe the Hamiltonian of the model, and analytically demonstrate the QIT for both the resonant interaction and large detuning cases. The hybrid quantum interface allows for QIT between arbitrarily selected individual nitrogen-vacancy centers, and has advantages of the sealability and controllability. Our methods open an alter- native perspective for implementing QIT, which is important during quantum storing or processing procedures in quantum computing.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11305021)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grants Nos.3132017072 and 3132015149)
文摘We propose a scheme to implement quantum state transfer between two distant quantum nodes via a hybrid solid–optomechanical interface. The quantum state is encoded on the native superconducting qubit, and transferred to the microwave photon, then the optical photon successively, which afterwards is transmitted to the remote node by cavity leaking,and finally the quantum state is transferred to the remote superconducting qubit. The high efficiency of the state transfer is achieved by controllable Gaussian pulses sequence and numerically demonstrated with theoretically feasible parameters.Our scheme has the potential to implement unified quantum computing–communication–computing, and high fidelity of the microwave–optics–microwave transfer process of the quantum state.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50721004).
文摘Nuclear fusion is recognized as the energy of the future,and considerable effort and capital have been put into the research of controlled nuclear fusion in the past decades.The most challenging thing for controlled nuclear fusion is to generate and maintain a super high temperature.Here,a sonication system combined with micro-scale fluid control techniques was built to generate cavitation within a limited region.As bubbles were rapidly compressed,the high-temperature plasma generated inside led to particle emissions,where a Cs2LiYCl6:Ce3+(CLYC)scintillator is used to collect the emission events.The pulse shape discrimination methods applied to the captured signals revealed that only gamma ray events were observed under sonication with normal water,while obvious separation of neutron and gamma ray events was surprisingly identified under sonication with deuterated water.This result suggested that neutrons were emitted from the sonicated deuterated water,i.e.,deuterium-deuterium thermonuclear fusion was initiated.This study provides an alternative and feasible approach to achieve controllable nuclear fusion and makes great sense for future studies on the application of fusion energy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.50308008,10672048,50278029)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation.
文摘As the strain sensing element of a structural health monitoring,the study and the application of the fibre-optic bragg grating(FBG)have been widely accepted.The accuracy of the FBG sensor is highly dependent on the physical and the mechanical properties of the strain interface transferring characteristics among the layers of bare optical fibre,protective coating,adhesive layer and host material.In this paper,firstly,the general expression of the multilayer interface strain transferring mechanism is derived.Secondly,based on the defined average strain,the error-modified equation of the FBG sensor is obtained.Finally,in the light of the embedded tube-packaged FBG and the fibre reinforced polymer-optical fibre bragg grating(FRP-OFBG)strain sensors,developed in the Harbin Institute of Technology(HIT),the corresponding strain transferring laws have been studied,and the corresponding error modification coefficients have also been given,which are validated by experiments.The research results provide theories for the development and application of the embedded FBG sensors.
文摘This article is try to explain or analyze the key technologies of controlling the surface quality of low carbon steel as cast strip through investigation of interface heat transfer between solidified shell and liquid steel.The one of the key technologies of controlling surface quality of low carbon steel as cast strip is through the casting roll surface texture in order to achieve the homogeneous solidification on the casting roll.Another is through forming a thin film on the casting roll surface in order to achieve a balance between rapid solidification and homogeneous solidification.This film formed between the twin roll and the molten steel can be controlled by adjusting the chemical composition and inclusion in liquid steel through controlling the amount of all[O]and free[O].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279052)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M741613)。
文摘Photoelectrocatalytic seawater splitting is a promising low-cost method to produce green hydrogen in a large scale.The effects of Cl^(-)ions in seawater on the performance of a photoanode have been reported in previous studies.However,few researches have been done on the roles of Cl^(-)ions in a photocathode.Herein,for the first time,we find that Cl^(-)ions in the electrolyte improve the photocurrent of a Si/In_(2)S_(3) photocathode by 50% at-0.6 V_(RHE).An in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)characterization combined with the time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry by simulating photoelectrochemical conditions was used to investigate the interface charge transfer mechanism.The results suggest that there is an In_(2)^(+3)S_(3-x)(OH)_(2x)layer on the surface of In_(2)S_(3) in the phosphate buffer solution(PBS)electrolyte,which plays a role as an interface charge transfer mediator in the Si/In_(2)S_(3) photocathode.The In_(2)^(+3)S_(3-x)(OH)_(2x)surface layer becomes In_(2)^(+3)S_(3-x)(Cl)_(2x)in the PBS electrolyte with NaCl and accelerates the charge transfer rate at the In_(2)S_(3)/electrolyte interface.These results offer a new concept of regulating interface charge transfer mediator to enhance the performance of photoelectrocatalytic seawater splitting for hydrogen production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52225606,51888103)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2019JCW-10)the“Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”,and“The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities”.
文摘Beyond photothermal conversion,the surface wettability of light-absorbing materials should be also determinative to the efficiency of solar-driven interfacial steam generation(SISG).Herein,by modifying hydrophobic Cu nanoparticles(NPs)with a hydrophilic carbon(C)shell,hydrophilic Cu@C core-shell NPs were successfully fabricated and used for constructing evaporation films for SISG.In comparison to the film constructed with Cu NPs,the evaporation films constructed with Cu@C core-shell NPs exhibit much increased SISG efficiency,reaching 94.6%as high.Except for the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)effect of Cu NPs ensuring the excellent photothermal conversion,it is experimentally and theoretically revealed that the surface wettability switching from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity,as induced by C coating,is beneficial to heat transfer at the solid/liquid interface and water transport at the evaporative surface,thus improving the thermal-evaporation conversion performance for efficient SISG.However,the further thickened C shells would weaken the LSPR effect and hinder the interface heat and water transfer,leading to the decreased photothermal and thermal-evaporation conversion efficiencies,and thus the lowered SISG performances.This demonstration gives an alternative and promising access to the rational design of photothermal materials featured with switchable surface wettability ensuring interface heat and water transfer enhancement for efficient SISG.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Three empirical rules of interfacial potential and Gibb's energy with the radius,charge number of transfer ions and dielectric constant of organic phase are obtained for the ion transfer across the liquid-liquid interface,which are verified by the transfer of simple anions,dye ions and metal ions facilitated by neutral ionophores across the interface between water and some organic solvents, and deduced theoretically based on the electrostatic interaction of ion and high-permittivity solvent. The rules are proved to be effective of choosing supporting electrolytes and searching for new transfer system which follows the rule that r/n of transfer ion should be larger than that of electrolytes ion in water phase and less than that in organic phase.A rule for judgement of the charge sign of transfer ion is suggested firstly based on the relationship between interfacial half-wave potential and dielectric constant of organic phase.
基金The support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The ion transfer of the basic dye rhodamine B at the interface between water and nitro- benzene,water and 1,2-dichloroethane,as well as water and nitrobenzene-chlorobenzene mixtures has been studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry with linear current scanning.A transfer mechanism of rhodamine B is proposed in terms of its electrochemical behavior,dissociation and distribution equilibria,and is ascribed as diffusion-controlled reversible process of rhodamine B.The ex- perimental data obtained for the relationship between interfacial half-wave potential ° and pH are in agreement with the theoretical equation based on the mechanism,and the standard interracial potential differences °and standard Gibbs energies G°are calculated by extrapolation.The effect of the nature of solvent on the transfer behavior and the stability of the interface have been dis- cussed.
文摘The phase transfer mechanism of 18-molybdophosphate anion at the water/nitrobenzene interfaca has been investigated by chronopotentiometry with cyclic linear current-scanning (CLC) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The transfer species is 18-molybdophosphtae anion with a charge number of-4, H_2[P_2Mo_(18)O_(62)]^(4-). The transfer process is controlled by diffusion at a slow polarization rate and considerably influenced by pH of the aqueous phase. The stable forms and pH range of the heteropoly anion in the aqueous solution can be directly confirmed through voltammetric behavior. The theoretical analysis of the relationship between the transfer potential and solution pH is identical to the experimental results. The linear concentration relationship with the transfer peak current is suggested to be used in the determination of heteropoly acids(salts).
