The multi-tone interference suppression in HF serial data transmission systemsis analyzed.Analytic expression for the tap weights and minimum mean square errors of theadaptive equalizer in HF serial systems are obtain...The multi-tone interference suppression in HF serial data transmission systemsis analyzed.Analytic expression for the tap weights and minimum mean square errors of theadaptive equalizer in HF serial systems are obtained.The rate of convergence of equalizer indicatethat the equalizer in HF serial system can not only track the rapid variation of HF channel butalso suppress the multi-tone interferences perfectly.展开更多
Objective To develop methods for determining a suitable sample size for bioequivalence assessment of generic topical ophthalmic drugs using crossover design with serial sampling schemes.Methods The power functions of ...Objective To develop methods for determining a suitable sample size for bioequivalence assessment of generic topical ophthalmic drugs using crossover design with serial sampling schemes.Methods The power functions of the Fieller-type confidence interval and the asymptotic confidence interval in crossover designs with serial-sampling data are here derived.Simulation studies were conducted to evaluate the derived power functions.Results Simulation studies show that two power functions can provide precise power estimates when normality assumptions are satisfied and yield conservative estimates of power in cases when data are log-normally distributed.The intra-correlation showed a positive correlation with the power of the bioequivalence test.When the expected ratio of the AUCs was less than or equal to 1, the power of the Fieller-type confidence interval was larger than the asymptotic confidence interval.If the expected ratio of the AUCs was larger than 1, the asymptotic confidence interval had greater power.Sample size can be calculated through numerical iteration with the derived power functions.Conclusion The Fieller-type power function and the asymptotic power function can be used to determine sample sizes of crossover trials for bioequivalence assessment of topical ophthalmic drugs.展开更多
This article presents two designs,the Transaction Serial Format(TSF)and the Transaction Array Model(TAM).Together,they provide full,efficient,transaction serialization facilities for devices with limited onboard energ...This article presents two designs,the Transaction Serial Format(TSF)and the Transaction Array Model(TAM).Together,they provide full,efficient,transaction serialization facilities for devices with limited onboard energy,such as those in an Internet of Things(IoT)network.TSF provides a compact,non-parsed,format that requires minimal processing for transaction deserialization.TAM provides an internal data structure that needs minimal dynamic storage and directly uses the elements of TSF.The simple lexical units of TSF do not require parsing.The lexical units contain enough information to allocate the internal TAM data structure efficiently.TSF generality is equivalent to XML and JSON.TSF represents any XML document or JSON object without loss of information,including whitespace.The XML equivalence provides a foundation for the performance comparisons.A performance comparison of a C reference implementation of TSF and TAM to the popular Expat XML library,also written in C,shows that TSF reduces deserialization processor time by more than 80%.展开更多
文摘The multi-tone interference suppression in HF serial data transmission systemsis analyzed.Analytic expression for the tap weights and minimum mean square errors of theadaptive equalizer in HF serial systems are obtained.The rate of convergence of equalizer indicatethat the equalizer in HF serial system can not only track the rapid variation of HF channel butalso suppress the multi-tone interferences perfectly.
基金supported by sub-project of National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of China for ‘Significant New Drugs Development’[2015ZX09501008-004]
文摘Objective To develop methods for determining a suitable sample size for bioequivalence assessment of generic topical ophthalmic drugs using crossover design with serial sampling schemes.Methods The power functions of the Fieller-type confidence interval and the asymptotic confidence interval in crossover designs with serial-sampling data are here derived.Simulation studies were conducted to evaluate the derived power functions.Results Simulation studies show that two power functions can provide precise power estimates when normality assumptions are satisfied and yield conservative estimates of power in cases when data are log-normally distributed.The intra-correlation showed a positive correlation with the power of the bioequivalence test.When the expected ratio of the AUCs was less than or equal to 1, the power of the Fieller-type confidence interval was larger than the asymptotic confidence interval.If the expected ratio of the AUCs was larger than 1, the asymptotic confidence interval had greater power.Sample size can be calculated through numerical iteration with the derived power functions.Conclusion The Fieller-type power function and the asymptotic power function can be used to determine sample sizes of crossover trials for bioequivalence assessment of topical ophthalmic drugs.
基金Acknowledgements： This work was partially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, China （No. 20042042）, Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China （No. 20030145017）.
文摘This article presents two designs,the Transaction Serial Format(TSF)and the Transaction Array Model(TAM).Together,they provide full,efficient,transaction serialization facilities for devices with limited onboard energy,such as those in an Internet of Things(IoT)network.TSF provides a compact,non-parsed,format that requires minimal processing for transaction deserialization.TAM provides an internal data structure that needs minimal dynamic storage and directly uses the elements of TSF.The simple lexical units of TSF do not require parsing.The lexical units contain enough information to allocate the internal TAM data structure efficiently.TSF generality is equivalent to XML and JSON.TSF represents any XML document or JSON object without loss of information,including whitespace.The XML equivalence provides a foundation for the performance comparisons.A performance comparison of a C reference implementation of TSF and TAM to the popular Expat XML library,also written in C,shows that TSF reduces deserialization processor time by more than 80%.
