Exchange bias effect is observed in the phase separated La0.33Pr0.34Ca0.33MnO3 thin films. High exchange bias field of about 1 kOe is achieved at 4 K. The exchange bias effect in La0.33Pr0.34Ca0.33MnO3 thin films migh...Exchange bias effect is observed in the phase separated La0.33Pr0.34Ca0.33MnO3 thin films. High exchange bias field of about 1 kOe is achieved at 4 K. The exchange bias effect in La0.33Pr0.34Ca0.33MnO3 thin films might originate from the intrinsic phase separation of the La0.33Pr0.34Ca0.33MnO3 or surface effect. The dependence of exchange bias effect on temperature, cooling field, and thickness is also investigated. This work would open an avenue to the application in the magnetic memory devices based on the phase separated manganites.展开更多
The phase diagram of a ternary system of PVDF,dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was determined in terms of a pseudo binary system with the same polymer concentration and different DBP conte...The phase diagram of a ternary system of PVDF,dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was determined in terms of a pseudo binary system with the same polymer concentration and different DBP content in diluent mixture.The experimental results showed that as the DBP content increased in diluent mixture,the phase separation changed from liquid-liquid phase separation to solid-liquid phase separation,and both the cloudy point for L-L phase separation and crystallization temperature shifted...展开更多
A three-terminal device based on electronic phase separated manganites is suggested to produce high performance resistive switching. Our Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the conductive filaments can be formed/annih...A three-terminal device based on electronic phase separated manganites is suggested to produce high performance resistive switching. Our Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the conductive filaments can be formed/annihilated by reshaping the ferromagnetic metal phase domains with two cross-oriented switching voltages. Besides, by controlling the high resistance state（HRS） to a stable state that just after the filament is ruptured, the resistive switching remains stable and reversible, while the switching voltage and the switching time can be greatly reduced.展开更多
(001)La0.5 Sr0.5MnO3 +δ films on (001)LaA1O3 substrates were prepared by using a RF magnetron sputtering with powder target.At low temperature, the films exhibit two phase coexistence, which means that ferromagnetic ...(001)La0.5 Sr0.5MnO3 +δ films on (001)LaA1O3 substrates were prepared by using a RF magnetron sputtering with powder target.At low temperature, the films exhibit two phase coexistence, which means that ferromagnetic (FM) clusters are embedded in antiferromagnetic (AFM) matrix.Moreover, a shift in hysteresis loop is unexpectedly observed in this inhomogeneous system.We suggest that the anomalous hysteresis loop may result from the unidirectional exchange anisotropy at the interface between AFM and FM clusters.展开更多
The photoluminescence（PL） properties of a green and blue light-emitting InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well structure with a strong phase separated into quasi-quantum dots（QDs） and an InGaN matrix in the InGaN epilaye...The photoluminescence（PL） properties of a green and blue light-emitting InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well structure with a strong phase separated into quasi-quantum dots（QDs） and an InGaN matrix in the InGaN epilayer are investigated.The excitation power dependences of QD-related green emissions（PD〉） and matrix-related blue emissions（PM） in the low excitation power range of the PL peak energy and line-width indicate that at 6 K both Pm and PD are dominated by the combined action of Coulomb screening and localized state filling effect.However,at 300 K,Pm is dominated by the non-radiative recombination of the carriers in the InGaN matrix,while PD is influenced by the carriers transferred from the shallower QDs to deeper QDs by tunnelling.This is consistent with the excitation power dependence of the PL efficiency for the emission.展开更多
Thermal stability and the crystallization kinetics of a phase-separated Zr-Cu-Fe-Al bulk metallic glass were investigated using in situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction,as well as small-angle sync...Thermal stability and the crystallization kinetics of a phase-separated Zr-Cu-Fe-Al bulk metallic glass were investigated using in situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction,as well as small-angle synchrotron X-ray scattering.It was revealed that this glass with excellent glass-forming ability possesses a two-step crystallization behavior.The crystalline products and their evolution sequence are more complicated than a homogeneous Zr-Cu-Al glass with average glass-forming ability.The experimental results indicate that a finely distributed nanometer-sized cubic Zr_(2)Cu phase forms first and then transforms to a tetragonal Zr_(2)Cu phase,while the matrix transforms to an orthorhombic Zr_(3)Fe phase.The strength of the Zr-Cu-Fe-Al composite containing cubic Zr_(2)Cu phase and glass matrix increases,and the plasticity also improves compared to the as-cast Zr-Cu-Fe-Al bulk metallic glass.Our results suggest that the formation of multiple and complex crystalline products would be the characteristics of the Zr-Cu-Fe-Al glass with better glass-forming ability.Our study may shed light on the synthesis of bulk-sized glass-nanocrystals composites of high strength and good plasticity.展开更多
The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical ...The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical output still remains a significant challenge.Here,a strategy of inducing constrained phase separation on single nanofibers via shear force was proposed.Employing electrospinning technology,a polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene difluoride(PAN/PVDF)nanofibrous membrane was fabricated in one step,which enabled simultaneous piezoelectric and triboelectric conversion within a single-layer membrane.Each nanofiber contained independent components of PAN and PVDF and exhibited a rough surface.The abundant frictional contact points formed between these heterogeneous components contributed to an enhanced endogenous triboelectric output,showcasing an excellent synergistic effect of piezoelectric and triboelectric response in the nanofibrous membrane.Additionally,the component mass ratio influenced the microstructure,piezoelectric conformation and piezoelectric performance of the PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes.Through comprehensive performance comparison,the optimal mass ratio of PAN to PVDF was determined to be 9∶1.The piezoelectric devices made of the optimal PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes with rough nanofiber surfaces generated an output voltage of 20 V,which was about 1.8 times that of the smooth one at the same component mass ratio.The strategy of constrained phase separation on the surface of individual nanofibers provides a new approach to enhance the output performance of single-layer piezoelectric nanofibrous materials.展开更多
The grain boundary diffusion process(GBDP)has proven to be an effective method for enhancing the coercivity of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.However,the limited diffusion depth and thicker shell struc-ture have impeded the...The grain boundary diffusion process(GBDP)has proven to be an effective method for enhancing the coercivity of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.However,the limited diffusion depth and thicker shell struc-ture have impeded the further development of magnetic properties.Currently,the primary debates re-garding the mechanism of GBDP with Tb revolve around the dissolution-solidification mechanism and the atomic substitution mechanism.To clarify this mechanism,the microstructure evolution of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets during the heating process of GBDP has been systematically studied by quenching at different tem peratures.In this study,it was found that the formation of TbFe_(2) phase is related to the dis-solution of _(2)Fe_(14)B grains during GBDP with Tb.The theory of mixing heat and phase separation further confirms that the Nd_(2)Fe_(14)B phase dissolves to form a mixed phase of Nd and TbFe_(2),which then solidifies into the(Nd,Tb)_(2)Fe_(14)B phase.Based on the discovery of the TbFe_(2) phase,the dissolution-solidification mechanism is considered the primary mechanism for GBDP.This is supported by the elemental content of the two typical core-shell structures observed.展开更多
Ribosome is an intracellular ribonucleoprotein particle that serves as the site of protein biosynthesis.Ribosomal dysfunction caused by mutations in genes encoding ribosomal proteins(RPs)and ribosome biogenesis factor...Ribosome is an intracellular ribonucleoprotein particle that serves as the site of protein biosynthesis.Ribosomal dysfunction caused by mutations in genes encoding ribosomal proteins(RPs)and ribosome biogenesis factors(RBFs)can lead to a spectrum of diseases,collectively known as ribosomopathy.Phase separation is a thermodynamic process that produces multiple phases from a homogeneous mixture.The formation of membraneless organelles and intracellular structures,including ribosomes and nucleoli,cannot occur without the involvement of phase separation.Here,ribosome structure,biogenesis,and their relationship with ribosomopathy are systematically reviewed.The tissue specificity of ribosomopathy and the role of phase separation in ribosomopathy are particularly discussed,which may offer some clues for understanding the mechanisms of ribosomopathy.Then,some new ideas for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of ribosomopathy are provided.展开更多
TiAl alloys with the(α2+γ)lamellar structure are highly valued for their excellent high-temperature strength and creep resistance.Understanding the formation mechanism of the lamellar structure is crucial for tuning...TiAl alloys with the(α2+γ)lamellar structure are highly valued for their excellent high-temperature strength and creep resistance.Understanding the formation mechanism of the lamellar structure is crucial for tuning the microstructure and properties.This work investigates the formation of lamellar structure in Ti-48AI-7Nb-2.5V-1Cr alloy,revealing the presence of hcp-based long-period superstructure(hcp-LPS)as a metastable phase during lamellar formation.The identification of hcp-LPS demonstrates that the necessary solute enrichment for the formation ofγlamellae occurs on the hexagonalαmatrix,implying that phase separation ofα→Al-richαlamellae+Al-depletedαlamellae is the first step of lamellar formation.Once phase separation is completed,all subsequent phase transitions occur within the Al-richαlamellae.Additionally,the formation of twin lamellae is further discussed.The formation of the twin lamellae occurs sequentially.Pre-existing lamella promotes the formation of later lamella by inducing so-lute enrichment in its surrounding region,and then the successive slip of Shockley partial dislocations with opposite Burgers vectors ensures special stacking of later lamellae.These findings not only con-tribute to the fundamental understanding of spinodal mechanisms in hexagonal crystals,but also provide novel insights into the formation of twin lamellae.展开更多
Understanding the liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)of immunoglobulin G(IgG)is crucial,as it profoundly influences IgG’s biological activity and stability.In this study,we employed coarse-grained molecular dynamics...Understanding the liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)of immunoglobulin G(IgG)is crucial,as it profoundly influences IgG’s biological activity and stability.In this study,we employed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to systematically investigate the phase separation behavior of IgG.We first constructed two types of IgG models:all-pair IgG model and partial-pair IgG model,and compared the coexistence curve from our simulations with experimental data.Our results showed that the partial-pair IgG model aligns better with the experimental critical temperature and critical density.Using this model,we then calculated the temperature-dependent variations of IgG’s radius of gyration,surface tension,viscosity,etc.More importantly,we demonstrated that variations in the interaction strengths among IgG molecules significantly influence their phase separation behavior.Specifically,a higher standard deviation of interaction strength at different temperatures is found to lead to more stable phase-separated states.Furthermore,we observed that the introduction of repulsive polymers and strongly attractive polymers consistently enhances IgG phase separation,while weakly attractive polymers exhibit a dual regulatory effect on the phase separation.Overall,this study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms governing IgG phase behavior,with potential implications for optimizing biopharmaceutical products.展开更多
Chiral active matter exhibits a variety of collective behaviors,including phase separation,which is governed by the rule of“like chiralities attract,while opposite chiralities repel”.In this work,we investigate the ...Chiral active matter exhibits a variety of collective behaviors,including phase separation,which is governed by the rule of“like chiralities attract,while opposite chiralities repel”.In this work,we investigate the chiral demixing strategy of double-chiral partial mixture with inter-chiral frustration.We find that the inter-chiral frustration can significantly enhance the chiral demixing of active particles with different chiralities,both during the transient and in the steady state,not only accelerating the progress,but also improving the degree of phase separation.This phenomenon is reminiscent of the phase separation of binary mixtures in condensed matter physics,where the inter-chiral frustration can play a crucial role in the formation of the phase-separated states.We construct the phase diagram of the system and discuss the critical frustration for the enhancement of chiral demixing.Our work presents the first systematic investigation of inter-chiral frustration in self-propelled chiral active matter,filling a critical gap in the field.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)is crucial for crop growth.However,in waters,P is considered as contaminant due to its role in causing eutrophication and algae blooms.Therefore,recovering P from wastewater is essential for sustainable P...Phosphorus(P)is crucial for crop growth.However,in waters,P is considered as contaminant due to its role in causing eutrophication and algae blooms.Therefore,recovering P from wastewater is essential for sustainable P management.This study investigated the removal of P from aqueous solutions using bioinspired poly(ethylenimine)-poly(acrylamideco-acrylic acid)(PEI-PAMcoAA)coacervates.In detail,we investigated various parameters affecting P removal,including the ratio of PEI to PAMcoAA(ranging from 1:2 to 3:1,stoichiometry ratio of NH_(2) to COOH),pH(5.0-8.0)of P-containing solutions,initial P concentration(0.05-5 mmol/L),and the addition of calcium(Ca,0.1-5 mmol/L).We found that increasing the PEI:PAMcoAA ratio from1:2 to 3:1 significantly enhanced P removal efficiency,increasing from 47.21%to 95.44%.Under neutral pH conditions without calcium(Ca),PEI-PAMcoAA coacervates demonstrated optimal P removal capabilities(achieving an efficiency of 77.96%)through electrostatic adsorption.In contrast,the addition of Ca under alkaline conditions markedly improved P removal efficiency,increasing it from 64.16%to 82.42%.Detailed analyses of P within the coacervates indicated that Ca facilitates P precipitation and provides additional binding sites.These findings demonstrated that PEI-(Ca)-PAMcoAA coacervates show promise for efficiently removing P,particularly at low P concentrations.After the Premoval,the immobilized P can potentially be reused directly,as P able to be released from the reacted products.Therefore,the reacted coacervates could serve as a non-toxic fertilizer.Given its simplicity,high efficiency,and environmental friendliness,P removal based on bioinspired coacervates represents a low-hanging fruit in the pursuit of sustainable P management.展开更多
Welding high-entropy alloy(HEA)to Mg alloy has gained increasing attention for multi-metal structure design,while intrinsic sluggish diffusion kinetics of HEA confines diffusion-controlled interfacial reactions and mak...Welding high-entropy alloy(HEA)to Mg alloy has gained increasing attention for multi-metal structure design,while intrinsic sluggish diffusion kinetics of HEA confines diffusion-controlled interfacial reactions and makes it challenging to establish robust metallurgical bonding.This study investigated welding of FeCoCrNiMn HEA to commercial AZ31 as a model combination to pioneer thisfield.Interfacial phase separation phenomenon was observed,with the diffusion accelerated by in-situ engineering a submicron-scale thick(∼400–500 nm)HEA nearby the interface into nanocrystalline-structure during friction stir welding.Abundant grain boundaries generated in this nanocrystalline-interlayer serve as diffusion short-circuits and energetically preferred nucleation-sites,which promoted Al in AZ31 to diffuse into HEA and triggered quick separation into body-centered cubic AlNi-type and tetragonal FeCr-type intermetallics.HEA and AZ31 were thus metallurgically bonded by these interfacial intermetallics.The joint shows exceptional strength in tensile lap-shear testing with fracture largely occurred within AZ31 rather than right along interface as commonly reported previously for dissimilar joints.展开更多
In this paper,the liquid–vapor phase separation under viscous shear is investigated by using a pseudopotential central moment lattice Boltzmann method.Physically,the multiphase shear flow is governed by two competing...In this paper,the liquid–vapor phase separation under viscous shear is investigated by using a pseudopotential central moment lattice Boltzmann method.Physically,the multiphase shear flow is governed by two competing mechanisms:surface tension and shear force.It is interesting to find that the liquid tends to form a droplet when the surface tension dominates under conditions of low temperature,shear velocity,and viscosity,and in larger domain size.Otherwise,the liquid tends to form a band if shear force dominates.Moreover,the average density gradient is used as a physical criterion to distinguish the spinodal decomposition and domain growth.Both spatial and temporal changes of density are studied during the phase separation under shear.展开更多
Long-chain polyamides(LCPAs)are a class of bio-based polymers that can bridge conventional polyolefins and polycondensates.In this work,taking the advantage of the amphiphilic nature of polyamide 1012(PA1012),membrane...Long-chain polyamides(LCPAs)are a class of bio-based polymers that can bridge conventional polyolefins and polycondensates.In this work,taking the advantage of the amphiphilic nature of polyamide 1012(PA1012),membranes were prepared by using a non-conventional phase separation approach,namely,mixed‘non-solvents’evaporation induced phase separation(MNEIPS).PA1012 can be dissolved in a mixture of polar and non-polar solvents,both of which are non-solvents of PA1012.During the sequential evaporation of the two solvents,the phase separation of PA1012 occurred,inducing the formation of porous structures.We investigated the process of membrane formation in detail,with a specific focus on the liquid-liquid and liquid-solid phase transitions involved.Moreover,we studied the influence of critical factors,such as polymer concentration and mixed-solvent ratio,on the morphologies and properties of PA1012 membranes.This study provides new insights into the development of porous materials based on long-chain polycondensates.展开更多
Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent sensory disorders affecting the human nervous system.Liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)is a physiological process that facilitates the reversible and dynamic assembly of bi...Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent sensory disorders affecting the human nervous system.Liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)is a physiological process that facilitates the reversible and dynamic assembly of biomolecular condensates.Increasing evidence suggests that LLPS plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of hereditary hearing loss.Nevertheless,there is a conspicuous lack of systematic investigations exploring the impact of LLPS abnormalities on the etiology of hereditary hearing loss.In this review,we examine the mechanisms by which dysfunctions in LLPS contribute to hereditary hearing loss,specifically focusing on its effects on mechanoelectrical transduction in hair bundles,transcriptional regulation,post-transcriptional modifications,the actin cytoskeleton,ion homeostasis within the inner ear,and energy and redox homeostasis.Furthermore,we evaluate the considerable potential of targeting LLPS as a therapeutic approach for hearing loss and propose innovative perspectives on LLPS that may guide future research initiatives in the field of auditory disorders.展开更多
Intracellular liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)represents a pivotal biological process for the formation of cellular compartments,which involves the formation of droplet-like condensates through the hydrophobic and...Intracellular liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)represents a pivotal biological process for the formation of cellular compartments,which involves the formation of droplet-like condensates through the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions of biomolecules.LLPS plays a crucial role in normal cellular physiological activities,and it is also intimately linked to the pathological mechanisms of various diseases.This review summarizes the significant role of LLPS in regulating transcriptional mechanisms within the nucleus,with a focus on the mechanisms by which LLPS modulates gene transcription.Additionally,we highlight the roles of key proteins involved in LLPS,such as FOXK1,BRD4,Tau protein,and HDAC6,in the context of disease.We delve into the relationships between LLPS and diseases such as chronic kidney disease,atherosclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,and triple-negative breast cancer,revealing the regulatory mechanisms of LLPS in disease onset and progression.Furthermore,we discuss the potential of pharmacological interventions targeting LLPS as novel therapeutic approaches,encompassing strategies such as gene therapy,traditional Chinese medicine monomers,and small-molecule inhibitors.In the future,a deeper understanding of the LLPS mechanism will continue to propel its application in disease prevention and treatment,providing robust support for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.展开更多
A robust spontaneous exchange bias effect after zero-field cooling was observed in Co_(2)Sn_(1-x)Cr_(x)O_(4)system,which was driven by the transition from superspin-glass to superferromagnetic domain embedded in the f...A robust spontaneous exchange bias effect after zero-field cooling was observed in Co_(2)Sn_(1-x)Cr_(x)O_(4)system,which was driven by the transition from superspin-glass to superferromagnetic domain embedded in the ferrimagnetic matrix.Additionally,the exchange bias effect is gradually pronounced with the positive increase in the cooling field,known as the conventional exchange bias effect.However,as the cooling field gradually decreases and transits from positive to negative,the exchange bias effect can robustly remain positive in the low-negative-field region until the cooling field increases to be sufficiently large in the negative direction.展开更多
Junctions are an important structure that allows charge separation in solar cells and photocatalysts. Here, we studied the charge transfer at an anatase/rutile TiO2 phase junction using time-resolved photoluminescence...Junctions are an important structure that allows charge separation in solar cells and photocatalysts. Here, we studied the charge transfer at an anatase/rutile TiO2 phase junction using time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Visible （-S00 nm） and near-infrared （NIR, -830 nm） emissions were monitored to give insight into the photoinduced charges of anatase and rutile in the junction, respectively, New fast photoluminescence decay components appeared in the visible emission of futile-phase dominated TiO2 and in the NIR emission of many mixed phase TiO2samples. The fast decays confirmed that the charge separation occurred at the phase junction. The visible emission intensity from the mixed phase TiO2 increased, revealing that charge transfer from rutile to anatase was the main pathway. The charge separation slowed the microsecond time scale photolumines- cence decay rate for charge carriers in both anatase and rutile. However, the millisecond decay of the charge carriers in anatase TiO2 was accelerated, while there was almost no change in the charge carrier dynamics of rutile TiO2. Thus, charge separation at the anatase/rutile phase junction caused an increase in the charge carrier concentration on a microsecond time scale, because of slower electron-hole recombination. The enhanced photocatalytic activity previously observed at ana- tase/rutile phase junctions is likely caused by the improved charge carrier dynamics we report here. These findings may contribute to the development of improved photocatalytic materials.展开更多
基金V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.11374279 and No.11034006）, the National Basic Research Program of China （No.2014CB921102）, the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （No.XDB01020000）, the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education （No.20113402110046）, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities （No.WK2340000035）.
文摘Exchange bias effect is observed in the phase separated La0.33Pr0.34Ca0.33MnO3 thin films. High exchange bias field of about 1 kOe is achieved at 4 K. The exchange bias effect in La0.33Pr0.34Ca0.33MnO3 thin films might originate from the intrinsic phase separation of the La0.33Pr0.34Ca0.33MnO3 or surface effect. The dependence of exchange bias effect on temperature, cooling field, and thickness is also investigated. This work would open an avenue to the application in the magnetic memory devices based on the phase separated manganites.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2003CB615705)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50433010).
文摘The phase diagram of a ternary system of PVDF,dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was determined in terms of a pseudo binary system with the same polymer concentration and different DBP content in diluent mixture.The experimental results showed that as the DBP content increased in diluent mixture,the phase separation changed from liquid-liquid phase separation to solid-liquid phase separation,and both the cloudy point for L-L phase separation and crystallization temperature shifted...
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB922101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51301084 and 11234005)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20130576)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University,China(Grant No.IRT1243)
文摘A three-terminal device based on electronic phase separated manganites is suggested to produce high performance resistive switching. Our Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the conductive filaments can be formed/annihilated by reshaping the ferromagnetic metal phase domains with two cross-oriented switching voltages. Besides, by controlling the high resistance state（HRS） to a stable state that just after the filament is ruptured, the resistive switching remains stable and reversible, while the switching voltage and the switching time can be greatly reduced.
基金Project supported by the National Program for Key Basic Research Project of MOST (2002CCC01300) and by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing 202003 )
文摘(001)La0.5 Sr0.5MnO3 +δ films on (001)LaA1O3 substrates were prepared by using a RF magnetron sputtering with powder target.At low temperature, the films exhibit two phase coexistence, which means that ferromagnetic (FM) clusters are embedded in antiferromagnetic (AFM) matrix.Moreover, a shift in hysteresis loop is unexpectedly observed in this inhomogeneous system.We suggest that the anomalous hysteresis loop may result from the unidirectional exchange anisotropy at the interface between AFM and FM clusters.
基金supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20120131110006)the Key Science and Technology Program of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.2013GGX10221)+2 种基金the Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials and Device(Shandong University,Ministry of Education)(Grant No.JG1401)the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91433112)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61306113)
文摘The photoluminescence（PL） properties of a green and blue light-emitting InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well structure with a strong phase separated into quasi-quantum dots（QDs） and an InGaN matrix in the InGaN epilayer are investigated.The excitation power dependences of QD-related green emissions（PD〉） and matrix-related blue emissions（PM） in the low excitation power range of the PL peak energy and line-width indicate that at 6 K both Pm and PD are dominated by the combined action of Coulomb screening and localized state filling effect.However,at 300 K,Pm is dominated by the non-radiative recombination of the carriers in the InGaN matrix,while PD is influenced by the carriers transferred from the shallower QDs to deeper QDs by tunnelling.This is consistent with the excitation power dependence of the PL efficiency for the emission.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51871120,51571170)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20200019)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.30919011107 and 30919011404)the Shenzhen Key Project for Basic Research(Grant No.JCYJ20200109105618137)the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Neutron Scattering Science and Technology(Grant No.2019B121205003)。
文摘Thermal stability and the crystallization kinetics of a phase-separated Zr-Cu-Fe-Al bulk metallic glass were investigated using in situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction,as well as small-angle synchrotron X-ray scattering.It was revealed that this glass with excellent glass-forming ability possesses a two-step crystallization behavior.The crystalline products and their evolution sequence are more complicated than a homogeneous Zr-Cu-Al glass with average glass-forming ability.The experimental results indicate that a finely distributed nanometer-sized cubic Zr_(2)Cu phase forms first and then transforms to a tetragonal Zr_(2)Cu phase,while the matrix transforms to an orthorhombic Zr_(3)Fe phase.The strength of the Zr-Cu-Fe-Al composite containing cubic Zr_(2)Cu phase and glass matrix increases,and the plasticity also improves compared to the as-cast Zr-Cu-Fe-Al bulk metallic glass.Our results suggest that the formation of multiple and complex crystalline products would be the characteristics of the Zr-Cu-Fe-Al glass with better glass-forming ability.Our study may shed light on the synthesis of bulk-sized glass-nanocrystals composites of high strength and good plasticity.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52373281)National Energy-Saving and Low-Carbon Materials Production and Application Demonstration Platform Program,China(No.TC220H06N)。
文摘The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical output still remains a significant challenge.Here,a strategy of inducing constrained phase separation on single nanofibers via shear force was proposed.Employing electrospinning technology,a polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene difluoride(PAN/PVDF)nanofibrous membrane was fabricated in one step,which enabled simultaneous piezoelectric and triboelectric conversion within a single-layer membrane.Each nanofiber contained independent components of PAN and PVDF and exhibited a rough surface.The abundant frictional contact points formed between these heterogeneous components contributed to an enhanced endogenous triboelectric output,showcasing an excellent synergistic effect of piezoelectric and triboelectric response in the nanofibrous membrane.Additionally,the component mass ratio influenced the microstructure,piezoelectric conformation and piezoelectric performance of the PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes.Through comprehensive performance comparison,the optimal mass ratio of PAN to PVDF was determined to be 9∶1.The piezoelectric devices made of the optimal PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes with rough nanofiber surfaces generated an output voltage of 20 V,which was about 1.8 times that of the smooth one at the same component mass ratio.The strategy of constrained phase separation on the surface of individual nanofibers provides a new approach to enhance the output performance of single-layer piezoelectric nanofibrous materials.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3505503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52201230)+2 种基金the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(2022CXGC020307)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M71204)the Beijing NOVA Program(Z211100002121092).
文摘The grain boundary diffusion process(GBDP)has proven to be an effective method for enhancing the coercivity of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.However,the limited diffusion depth and thicker shell struc-ture have impeded the further development of magnetic properties.Currently,the primary debates re-garding the mechanism of GBDP with Tb revolve around the dissolution-solidification mechanism and the atomic substitution mechanism.To clarify this mechanism,the microstructure evolution of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets during the heating process of GBDP has been systematically studied by quenching at different tem peratures.In this study,it was found that the formation of TbFe_(2) phase is related to the dis-solution of _(2)Fe_(14)B grains during GBDP with Tb.The theory of mixing heat and phase separation further confirms that the Nd_(2)Fe_(14)B phase dissolves to form a mixed phase of Nd and TbFe_(2),which then solidifies into the(Nd,Tb)_(2)Fe_(14)B phase.Based on the discovery of the TbFe_(2) phase,the dissolution-solidification mechanism is considered the primary mechanism for GBDP.This is supported by the elemental content of the two typical core-shell structures observed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82071097 and 82370906)the Shanghai Pujiang Program(No.2020PJD026)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province Foundation(No.2021M007)the Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(No.20234Z0006),China.
文摘Ribosome is an intracellular ribonucleoprotein particle that serves as the site of protein biosynthesis.Ribosomal dysfunction caused by mutations in genes encoding ribosomal proteins(RPs)and ribosome biogenesis factors(RBFs)can lead to a spectrum of diseases,collectively known as ribosomopathy.Phase separation is a thermodynamic process that produces multiple phases from a homogeneous mixture.The formation of membraneless organelles and intracellular structures,including ribosomes and nucleoli,cannot occur without the involvement of phase separation.Here,ribosome structure,biogenesis,and their relationship with ribosomopathy are systematically reviewed.The tissue specificity of ribosomopathy and the role of phase separation in ribosomopathy are particularly discussed,which may offer some clues for understanding the mechanisms of ribosomopathy.Then,some new ideas for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of ribosomopathy are provided.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.J2019-VI-0011-0125)ND Basic Research Funds of China(No.G2022WD)Shaanxi Province Innovation Capability Support Program(No.2023-CX-TD-47).
文摘TiAl alloys with the(α2+γ)lamellar structure are highly valued for their excellent high-temperature strength and creep resistance.Understanding the formation mechanism of the lamellar structure is crucial for tuning the microstructure and properties.This work investigates the formation of lamellar structure in Ti-48AI-7Nb-2.5V-1Cr alloy,revealing the presence of hcp-based long-period superstructure(hcp-LPS)as a metastable phase during lamellar formation.The identification of hcp-LPS demonstrates that the necessary solute enrichment for the formation ofγlamellae occurs on the hexagonalαmatrix,implying that phase separation ofα→Al-richαlamellae+Al-depletedαlamellae is the first step of lamellar formation.Once phase separation is completed,all subsequent phase transitions occur within the Al-richαlamellae.Additionally,the formation of twin lamellae is further discussed.The formation of the twin lamellae occurs sequentially.Pre-existing lamella promotes the formation of later lamella by inducing so-lute enrichment in its surrounding region,and then the successive slip of Shockley partial dislocations with opposite Burgers vectors ensures special stacking of later lamellae.These findings not only con-tribute to the fundamental understanding of spinodal mechanisms in hexagonal crystals,but also provide novel insights into the formation of twin lamellae.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12222506,12347102,and 12174184).
文摘Understanding the liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)of immunoglobulin G(IgG)is crucial,as it profoundly influences IgG’s biological activity and stability.In this study,we employed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to systematically investigate the phase separation behavior of IgG.We first constructed two types of IgG models:all-pair IgG model and partial-pair IgG model,and compared the coexistence curve from our simulations with experimental data.Our results showed that the partial-pair IgG model aligns better with the experimental critical temperature and critical density.Using this model,we then calculated the temperature-dependent variations of IgG’s radius of gyration,surface tension,viscosity,etc.More importantly,we demonstrated that variations in the interaction strengths among IgG molecules significantly influence their phase separation behavior.Specifically,a higher standard deviation of interaction strength at different temperatures is found to lead to more stable phase-separated states.Furthermore,we observed that the introduction of repulsive polymers and strongly attractive polymers consistently enhances IgG phase separation,while weakly attractive polymers exhibit a dual regulatory effect on the phase separation.Overall,this study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms governing IgG phase behavior,with potential implications for optimizing biopharmaceutical products.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant Nos.12375031 and 11875135)China National University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship(Grant No.202410385040)Fujian University Alliance of Physics Discipline Training Program of Innovation for Under-graduates Development Program,China.
文摘Chiral active matter exhibits a variety of collective behaviors,including phase separation,which is governed by the rule of“like chiralities attract,while opposite chiralities repel”.In this work,we investigate the chiral demixing strategy of double-chiral partial mixture with inter-chiral frustration.We find that the inter-chiral frustration can significantly enhance the chiral demixing of active particles with different chiralities,both during the transient and in the steady state,not only accelerating the progress,but also improving the degree of phase separation.This phenomenon is reminiscent of the phase separation of binary mixtures in condensed matter physics,where the inter-chiral frustration can play a crucial role in the formation of the phase-separated states.We construct the phase diagram of the system and discuss the critical frustration for the enhancement of chiral demixing.Our work presents the first systematic investigation of inter-chiral frustration in self-propelled chiral active matter,filling a critical gap in the field.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFD1900602 and 2023YFD1900605)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.SWU-KR24036)the Visiting Training Funds for Teachers from Ordinary Undergraduate Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province.
文摘Phosphorus(P)is crucial for crop growth.However,in waters,P is considered as contaminant due to its role in causing eutrophication and algae blooms.Therefore,recovering P from wastewater is essential for sustainable P management.This study investigated the removal of P from aqueous solutions using bioinspired poly(ethylenimine)-poly(acrylamideco-acrylic acid)(PEI-PAMcoAA)coacervates.In detail,we investigated various parameters affecting P removal,including the ratio of PEI to PAMcoAA(ranging from 1:2 to 3:1,stoichiometry ratio of NH_(2) to COOH),pH(5.0-8.0)of P-containing solutions,initial P concentration(0.05-5 mmol/L),and the addition of calcium(Ca,0.1-5 mmol/L).We found that increasing the PEI:PAMcoAA ratio from1:2 to 3:1 significantly enhanced P removal efficiency,increasing from 47.21%to 95.44%.Under neutral pH conditions without calcium(Ca),PEI-PAMcoAA coacervates demonstrated optimal P removal capabilities(achieving an efficiency of 77.96%)through electrostatic adsorption.In contrast,the addition of Ca under alkaline conditions markedly improved P removal efficiency,increasing it from 64.16%to 82.42%.Detailed analyses of P within the coacervates indicated that Ca facilitates P precipitation and provides additional binding sites.These findings demonstrated that PEI-(Ca)-PAMcoAA coacervates show promise for efficiently removing P,particularly at low P concentrations.After the Premoval,the immobilized P can potentially be reused directly,as P able to be released from the reacted products.Therefore,the reacted coacervates could serve as a non-toxic fertilizer.Given its simplicity,high efficiency,and environmental friendliness,P removal based on bioinspired coacervates represents a low-hanging fruit in the pursuit of sustainable P management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant numbers:52475385,52305392]the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M722048).
文摘Welding high-entropy alloy(HEA)to Mg alloy has gained increasing attention for multi-metal structure design,while intrinsic sluggish diffusion kinetics of HEA confines diffusion-controlled interfacial reactions and makes it challenging to establish robust metallurgical bonding.This study investigated welding of FeCoCrNiMn HEA to commercial AZ31 as a model combination to pioneer thisfield.Interfacial phase separation phenomenon was observed,with the diffusion accelerated by in-situ engineering a submicron-scale thick(∼400–500 nm)HEA nearby the interface into nanocrystalline-structure during friction stir welding.Abundant grain boundaries generated in this nanocrystalline-interlayer serve as diffusion short-circuits and energetically preferred nucleation-sites,which promoted Al in AZ31 to diffuse into HEA and triggered quick separation into body-centered cubic AlNi-type and tetragonal FeCr-type intermetallics.HEA and AZ31 were thus metallurgically bonded by these interfacial intermetallics.The joint shows exceptional strength in tensile lap-shear testing with fracture largely occurred within AZ31 rather than right along interface as commonly reported previously for dissimilar joints.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51806116Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant No.2024A1515010927+2 种基金China Scholarship Council under Grant No.202306380288Humanities and Social Science Foundation of the Ministry of Education in China under Grant No.24YJCZH163Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University under Grant No.24qnpy044。
文摘In this paper,the liquid–vapor phase separation under viscous shear is investigated by using a pseudopotential central moment lattice Boltzmann method.Physically,the multiphase shear flow is governed by two competing mechanisms:surface tension and shear force.It is interesting to find that the liquid tends to form a droplet when the surface tension dominates under conditions of low temperature,shear velocity,and viscosity,and in larger domain size.Otherwise,the liquid tends to form a band if shear force dominates.Moreover,the average density gradient is used as a physical criterion to distinguish the spinodal decomposition and domain growth.Both spatial and temporal changes of density are studied during the phase separation under shear.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2023ZYGXZR107)the TCL Science and Technology Innovation Fund。
文摘Long-chain polyamides(LCPAs)are a class of bio-based polymers that can bridge conventional polyolefins and polycondensates.In this work,taking the advantage of the amphiphilic nature of polyamide 1012(PA1012),membranes were prepared by using a non-conventional phase separation approach,namely,mixed‘non-solvents’evaporation induced phase separation(MNEIPS).PA1012 can be dissolved in a mixture of polar and non-polar solvents,both of which are non-solvents of PA1012.During the sequential evaporation of the two solvents,the phase separation of PA1012 occurred,inducing the formation of porous structures.We investigated the process of membrane formation in detail,with a specific focus on the liquid-liquid and liquid-solid phase transitions involved.Moreover,we studied the influence of critical factors,such as polymer concentration and mixed-solvent ratio,on the morphologies and properties of PA1012 membranes.This study provides new insights into the development of porous materials based on long-chain polycondensates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82430035)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of Hubei Province(2023AFA038)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0702303,2024YFC2511101,and 2023YFE0203200)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2024BRA019).
文摘Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent sensory disorders affecting the human nervous system.Liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)is a physiological process that facilitates the reversible and dynamic assembly of biomolecular condensates.Increasing evidence suggests that LLPS plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of hereditary hearing loss.Nevertheless,there is a conspicuous lack of systematic investigations exploring the impact of LLPS abnormalities on the etiology of hereditary hearing loss.In this review,we examine the mechanisms by which dysfunctions in LLPS contribute to hereditary hearing loss,specifically focusing on its effects on mechanoelectrical transduction in hair bundles,transcriptional regulation,post-transcriptional modifications,the actin cytoskeleton,ion homeostasis within the inner ear,and energy and redox homeostasis.Furthermore,we evaluate the considerable potential of targeting LLPS as a therapeutic approach for hearing loss and propose innovative perspectives on LLPS that may guide future research initiatives in the field of auditory disorders.
基金supported by the Hebei Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.H2022110019).Peer review。
文摘Intracellular liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)represents a pivotal biological process for the formation of cellular compartments,which involves the formation of droplet-like condensates through the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions of biomolecules.LLPS plays a crucial role in normal cellular physiological activities,and it is also intimately linked to the pathological mechanisms of various diseases.This review summarizes the significant role of LLPS in regulating transcriptional mechanisms within the nucleus,with a focus on the mechanisms by which LLPS modulates gene transcription.Additionally,we highlight the roles of key proteins involved in LLPS,such as FOXK1,BRD4,Tau protein,and HDAC6,in the context of disease.We delve into the relationships between LLPS and diseases such as chronic kidney disease,atherosclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,and triple-negative breast cancer,revealing the regulatory mechanisms of LLPS in disease onset and progression.Furthermore,we discuss the potential of pharmacological interventions targeting LLPS as novel therapeutic approaches,encompassing strategies such as gene therapy,traditional Chinese medicine monomers,and small-molecule inhibitors.In the future,a deeper understanding of the LLPS mechanism will continue to propel its application in disease prevention and treatment,providing robust support for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11474111 and 11604281)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.YESS20220618)the Hundreds of Talents program of Sun Yat-sen University(No.210192)
文摘A robust spontaneous exchange bias effect after zero-field cooling was observed in Co_(2)Sn_(1-x)Cr_(x)O_(4)system,which was driven by the transition from superspin-glass to superferromagnetic domain embedded in the ferrimagnetic matrix.Additionally,the exchange bias effect is gradually pronounced with the positive increase in the cooling field,known as the conventional exchange bias effect.However,as the cooling field gradually decreases and transits from positive to negative,the exchange bias effect can robustly remain positive in the low-negative-field region until the cooling field increases to be sufficiently large in the negative direction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21203185, 21373209)the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB239400)
文摘Junctions are an important structure that allows charge separation in solar cells and photocatalysts. Here, we studied the charge transfer at an anatase/rutile TiO2 phase junction using time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Visible （-S00 nm） and near-infrared （NIR, -830 nm） emissions were monitored to give insight into the photoinduced charges of anatase and rutile in the junction, respectively, New fast photoluminescence decay components appeared in the visible emission of futile-phase dominated TiO2 and in the NIR emission of many mixed phase TiO2samples. The fast decays confirmed that the charge separation occurred at the phase junction. The visible emission intensity from the mixed phase TiO2 increased, revealing that charge transfer from rutile to anatase was the main pathway. The charge separation slowed the microsecond time scale photolumines- cence decay rate for charge carriers in both anatase and rutile. However, the millisecond decay of the charge carriers in anatase TiO2 was accelerated, while there was almost no change in the charge carrier dynamics of rutile TiO2. Thus, charge separation at the anatase/rutile phase junction caused an increase in the charge carrier concentration on a microsecond time scale, because of slower electron-hole recombination. The enhanced photocatalytic activity previously observed at ana- tase/rutile phase junctions is likely caused by the improved charge carrier dynamics we report here. These findings may contribute to the development of improved photocatalytic materials.
