Objective:To evaluate the intervention effect of childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching on pediatric bronchopneumonia.Methods:1036 children with bronchopneumonia(one family member included for each ch...Objective:To evaluate the intervention effect of childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching on pediatric bronchopneumonia.Methods:1036 children with bronchopneumonia(one family member included for each child)who were admitted to the hospital between January 2024 and June 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table.The combined group received childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching,while the control group received routine nursing.Symptom recovery time,treatment compliance,inflammatory factor levels,quality of life of the children,and family satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The symptom recovery time in the combined group was shorter than that in the control group,treatment compliance was higher,inflammatory factor levels after intervention were lower,quality of life scores of the children were lower,and family satisfaction was higher(P<0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching for children with bronchopneumonia can shorten their symptom recovery time,significantly improve treatment compliance and quality of life,reduce inflammatory reactions,and achieve high satisfaction among family members.展开更多
Using abundant saline water for electrolysis,rather than limited freshwater,presents a promising technique for generating clean hydrogen energy.However,high concentration of corrosive chloride ions in saline water pos...Using abundant saline water for electrolysis,rather than limited freshwater,presents a promising technique for generating clean hydrogen energy.However,high concentration of corrosive chloride ions in saline water poses a great challenge in the stability of anode.In this study,we present a straightforward strategy to protect the anode from corrosion by patching the catalyst layer through a treatment of the anode with a sodium sulfide(Na2S) solution followed by electrochemical activation.The rapid sulfurization of the Ni electrode in Na2S results in the formation of a Na2S layer,which can subsequently be converted to NiOOH upon electrochemical activation,thereby shielding the inner Ni electrode from corrosion.The as-prepared electrode (P-NiFe-LDH/Ni) based on the strategy demonstrated stability over 3,500 h at an industrial current density of 0.5 A cm^(-2)in a 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M KOH solution.This study presents an effective strategy to significantly enhance the stability of anodes for saline water electrolysis by effectively patching the cracks in the catalyst layer.展开更多
A mobile transmission strategy, PMPatching (Proxy-based Mobile Patching) transmission strat-egy is proposed, it applies to the proxy-based mobile streaming media system in Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA...A mobile transmission strategy, PMPatching (Proxy-based Mobile Patching) transmission strat-egy is proposed, it applies to the proxy-based mobile streaming media system in Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) network. Performance of the whole system can be improved by using patching stream to transmit anterior part of the suffix that had been played back, and by batching all the demands for the suffix arrived in prefix period and patching stream transmission threshold period. Experimental results show that this strategy can efficiently reduce average network transmission cost and number of channels consumed in central streaming media server.展开更多
AIM:To compare the efficacies of patching and penalization therapies for the treatment of amblyopia patients.METHODS:The records of 64 eyes of 50 patients 7 to16y of age who had presented to our clinics with a diagnos...AIM:To compare the efficacies of patching and penalization therapies for the treatment of amblyopia patients.METHODS:The records of 64 eyes of 50 patients 7 to16y of age who had presented to our clinics with a diagnosis of amblyopia,were evaluated retrospectively.Forty eyes of 26 patients who had received patching therapy and 24 eyes of 24 patients who had received penalization therapy included in this study.The latencies and amplitudes of visual evoked potential(VEP)records and best corrected visual acuities(BCVA)of these two groups were compared before and six months after the treatment.RESULTS:In both patching and the penalization groups,the visual acuities increased significantly following the treatments(P【0.05).The latency measurements of the P100 wave obtained at 1.0°,15 arc min.Patterns of both groups significantly decreased following the 6-months-treatment.However,the amplitude measurements increased(P【0.05).CONCLUSION:The patching and the penalization methods,which are the main methods used in the treatment of amblyopia,were also effective over the age of 7y,which has been accepted as the critical age for the treatment of amblyopia.展开更多
The physical properties and microstructure of SUF are investigated to develop a highly effective cement matrix crack-patching material for concrete cracks. The SEM and XRD determination of hardened SUF shows that the ...The physical properties and microstructure of SUF are investigated to develop a highly effective cement matrix crack-patching material for concrete cracks. The SEM and XRD determination of hardened SUF shows that the microstructure of SUF is dense and compact with a lot of C-S-H gels and ettringite. Also, the mechanism of shrinkage compensating is discussed.展开更多
New bugs and vulnerabilities are discovered and reported from time to time even after software products are released. One of the common ways to handle these bugs is to patch the software. In this paper, the authors pr...New bugs and vulnerabilities are discovered and reported from time to time even after software products are released. One of the common ways to handle these bugs is to patch the software. In this paper, the authors propose a stochastic model for optimizing the patching time for software bugs and vulnerabilities. The optimal patching time can be computed in the patching script development and operational costs in fix. The authors present two case studies using the Nimda worm vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Information Services web server and the bug report of the Debian project. These studies indicate that the patch applications are later than their optimal fix time.展开更多
Background:Patching an eye for a period of 2 hours results in a period of plasticity where inter-ocular balance shifts in favor of the patched eye.Acetylcholine has been shown to improve visual function and augment ad...Background:Patching an eye for a period of 2 hours results in a period of plasticity where inter-ocular balance shifts in favor of the patched eye.Acetylcholine has been shown to improve visual function and augment adult neural plasticity.Here we evaluate whether administering the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil enhances the magnitude or duration of the patching induced shift in ocular balance.Methods:We used a double-blind drug treatment design to test the effect of donepezil and patching on the shift in ocular balance.We used a well-known binocular phase combination task to measure ocular balance before and after treatment.Results:Our results demonstrate that donepezil does not enhance,and may actually reduce the magnitude and duration of the patching-induced shift in ocular balance.Conclusions:Patching induced adult neural plasticity does not appear to be modulated by the cholinergic system,however,increased dose or longer drug administration periods may yield significant results.Future studies on binocular rivalry are in the pipeline.展开更多
Background: Acupoint herbal patching(AHP) alone or as an adjuvant therapy with conventional treatment(CT) has been widely used for prevention and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). However, curr...Background: Acupoint herbal patching(AHP) alone or as an adjuvant therapy with conventional treatment(CT) has been widely used for prevention and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). However, current clinical evidence from a systematic review of RCTs is lacking.Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of AHP with or without CT for people with COPD at stable stage.Methods: We searched randomized controlled trials comparing AHP(with or without CT) with no intervention, placebo, or CT from six databases. Two authors selected studies, extracted data and evaluated risk of bias of included trials. Rev Man 5.2 software was used to analysis data.Results: Twenty one RCTs(2327 participants) were included. AHP of non sanfu applied on no fixed dates with CT significantly decreased the mean frequency of acute exacerbation of COPD(times per year)(MD:-1.24; 95% CI:-2.02 to-0.46; 2 trials), and improved lung function parameters and quality of life. The AHP with CT showed no better effect in 6-minute walking distance(6 MWD) that CT alone. AHP applied at sanfu(specific dates based on lunar calendar) with CT had significant effect for 6 MWD(MD: 11.20; 95% CI: 0.83 to 21.56; I^2= 0%;3 trials). One trial reported skin irritation from AHP. Another trial reported two patients had eye discomfort, which was inferred as the adverse effects of seretide.Conclusion: AHP used as an adjunct to CT, appears to be more effective than CT alone in patients with stable COPD. However, further large,rigorously designed trials are warranted to confirm these potential effects.展开更多
Microneedles(MNs)have been extensively investigated for transdermal delivery of large-sized drugs,including proteins,nucleic acids,and even extracellular vesicles(EVs).However,for their sufficient skin penetration,con...Microneedles(MNs)have been extensively investigated for transdermal delivery of large-sized drugs,including proteins,nucleic acids,and even extracellular vesicles(EVs).However,for their sufficient skin penetration,conventional MNs employ long needles(≥600μm),leading to pain and skin irritation.Moreover,it is critical to stably apply MNs against complex skin surfaces for uniform nanoscale drug delivery.Herein,a dually amplified transdermal patch(MN@EV/SC)is developed as the stem cell-derived EV delivery platform by hierarchically integrating an octopusinspired suction cup(SC)with short MNs(≤300μm).While leveraging the suction effect to induce nanoscale deformation of the stratum corneum,MN@EV/SC minimizes skin damage and enhances the adhesion of MNs,allowing EV to penetrate deeper into the dermis.When MNs of various lengths are applied to mouse skin,the short MNs can elicit comparable corticosterone release to chemical adhesives,whereas long MNs induce a prompt stress response.MN@EV/SC can achieve a remarkable penetration depth(290μm)for EV,compared to that of MN alone(111μm).Consequently,MN@EV/SC facilitates the revitalization of fibroblasts and enhances collagen synthesis in middle-aged mice.Overall,MN@EV/SC exhibits the potential for skin regeneration by modulating the dermal microenvironment and ensuring patient comfort.展开更多
The freemium pricing model has become mainstream in the software industry.A large user base can induce positive network effects while expanding security risks associated with unpatched users.This study explores a two-...The freemium pricing model has become mainstream in the software industry.A large user base can induce positive network effects while expanding security risks associated with unpatched users.This study explores a two-stage decision problem faced by software vendors that involves a freemium versioning strategy and a subsequent security-patching strategy when taking both the positive network externality and negative security externality into consideration.It is noteworthy that a joint effect of the two externalities on the vendor’s management decisions exists.First,we analytically derive three patching strategies for the vendor:PS_(1)(rebates all users),PS_(2)(rebates only freeware users),and PS_(3)(rebates no users).Our results indicate that,if the strength of the positive network externality is relatively low,the optimal security-patching strategy will be significantly affected by the negative security externality.Specifically,when the intensity of the negative security externality is low,the vendor’s optimal patching strategy will be PS_(1).However,with the increase in the negative security externality,the optimal patching strategy changes to PS_(2) and then to PS_(3),whereas the strategy spaces of PS_(1) and PS_(2) decrease in the positive network externality to zero.Nevertheless,if the strength of the positive network externality is relatively high,the vendor is better off selecting PS_(1) when the negative security externality is low.However,when the negative security externality is high,PS_(3) is optimal.Furthermore,based on optimal patching strategies,we reveal the optimal conditions required for the vendor to adopt the freemium model compared with commercial only.Of interest,we find that the vendor adopting the freemium version is also influenced by the interaction of the two externalities.Finally,through numerical experiments,we find that the vendor and social planner’s interests can be aligned under certain conditions.However,this is not always the case.展开更多
Lipid rafts(LRs)are relatively well-ordered functional microdomains in cell membranes and play an irreplaceable role in physiological processes as a transduction platform for multiple signaling pathways.Due to their s...Lipid rafts(LRs)are relatively well-ordered functional microdomains in cell membranes and play an irreplaceable role in physiological processes as a transduction platform for multiple signaling pathways.Due to their small size and high spatiotemporal dynamics,it is difficult to perform lipid raftlocalized biomolecule imaging on the surface of living cells.Here,we report a DNA nanotechnology-based platform for reversible manipulation and localized analysis of lipid rafts,which consists of two modules:“patching and coding probe pair”and“fishing probe”.The probe pair is generated by modifying two different sets of connectable DNA structures on a lipid raft-specific protein.After recognizing lipid rafts,the two probes in close proximity are linked by a DNA ligase reaction to form a lipid raft identity(LRID)code.The LR-ID strand patches and stabilizes the lipid raft structure.Interestingly,the raft patches formed can be depatched by restriction endonucleases,providing the first reversible manipulation of the lipid raft structure in living cells.We also designed a“fishing probe”with a DNA hairpin structure using an aptamer that can specifically bind to the target.The probe can cascade the reaction to two input signals“LR-ID”and“target protein”to generate an“off-on”fluorescence switch,allowing imaging and dynamic monitoring of target proteins localized in lipid rafts.By encoding arbitrary targets(in the case of glycans)in lipid rafts,we have created a universal lipid raft-localized imaging platform.This work provides an integrated analytical and manipulative platform to reveal lipid rafts and associated signaling pathways at the molecular level.展开更多
Software systems are vulnerable to security breaches as they expand in complexity and functionality.The confidentiality,integrity,and availability of data are gravely threatened by flaws in a system’s design,implemen...Software systems are vulnerable to security breaches as they expand in complexity and functionality.The confidentiality,integrity,and availability of data are gravely threatened by flaws in a system’s design,implementation,or configuration.To guarantee the durability&robustness of the software,vulnerability identification and fixation have become crucial areas of focus for developers,cybersecurity experts and industries.This paper presents a thorough multi-phase mathematical model for efficient patch management and vulnerability detection.To uniquely model these processes,the model incorporated the notion of the learning phenomenon in describing vulnerability fixation using a logistic learning function.Furthermore,the authors have used numerical methods to approximate the solution of the proposed framework where an analytical solution is difficult to attain.The suggested systematic architecture has been demonstrated through statistical analysis using patch datasets,which offers a solid basis for the research conclusions.According to computational research,learning dynamics improves security response and results in more effective vulnerability management.The suggested model offers a systematic approach to proactive vulnerability mitigation and has important uses in risk assessment,software maintenance,and cybersecurity.This study helps create more robust software systems by increasing patch management effectiveness,which benefits developers,cybersecurity experts,and sectors looking to reduce security threats in a growing digital world.展开更多
目的探讨原发性喉癌患者癌组织中微小核糖核酸-425-5p(miR-425-5p)/跨膜蛋白受体Patched1(PTCH1)轴分子与临床病理参数及预后的关系。方法前瞻性选取2018年7月至2021年6月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的108例原发性喉癌患者作为研究对象...目的探讨原发性喉癌患者癌组织中微小核糖核酸-425-5p(miR-425-5p)/跨膜蛋白受体Patched1(PTCH1)轴分子与临床病理参数及预后的关系。方法前瞻性选取2018年7月至2021年6月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的108例原发性喉癌患者作为研究对象。比较癌组织、癌旁组织及不同病理特征癌组织miR-425-5p、PTCH1 m RNA相对表达量,采用Spearman法分析miR-425-5p、PTCH1与临床病理特征的相关性,随访3年,统计所有患者的3年生存率,比较生存与死亡患者癌组织中的miR-425-5p、而PTCH1 m RNA相对表达量,并利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线获取miR-425-5p、PTCH1最佳截断值,采用KM曲线分析miR-425-5p、PTCH1与预后的关系。结果原发性喉癌患者癌组织中的miR-425-5p相对表达量为1.81±0.48,明显高于癌旁组织的1.08±0.23,PTCH1 m RNA相对表达量为1.21±0.36,明显低于癌旁组织的1.63±0.41,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、淋巴结转移、低分化癌组织中的miR-425-5p相对表达量分别为1.97±0.46、2.09±0.42、2.14±0.46,明显高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移、中高分化癌组织的1.54±0.41、1.66±0.39、1.60±0.40,PTCH1 m RNA相对表达量分别为1.09±0.21、1.04±0.24、1.01±0.20,明显低于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移、中高分化癌组织的1.42±0.25、1.30±0.27、1.34±0.23,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Spearman法分析结果显示,miR-425-5p与临床分期、淋巴结转移呈正相关(r=0.663、0.702,P<0.05),与分化程度呈负相关(r=-0.681,P<0.05),PTCH1与临床分期、淋巴结转移呈负相关(r=-0.652、-0.711,P<0.05),与分化程度呈正相关(r=0.694,P<0.05);死亡患者癌组织中的miR-425-5p相对表达量为2.23±0.46,明显高于生存患者癌组织的1.67±0.38,而PTCH1 m RNA相对表达量为0.96±0.21,明显低于生存患者癌组织的1.30±0.34,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);ROC分析结果显示,miR-425-5p、PTCH1预测死亡的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.815(95%CI:0.727~0.884)、0.792(95%CI:0.702~0.865),最佳截断值分别为2.01、1.09;KM分析结果显示,miR-425-5p高表达、PTCH1低表达患者3年生存率均低于miR-425-5p低表达、PTCH1高表达患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论miR-425-5p在原发性喉癌癌组织中表达上调,PTCH1表达下调,联合检测对预后具有一定预测价值,可作为临床评估病情、预测预后的辅助指标,以指导临床工作。展开更多
The paper investigates the foaming and mildness properties of trehalolipids surfactant in rinse-off formulations,comparing it with the traditional nonionic surfactant alkyl-polyglycolide(APG).Both single surfactant an...The paper investigates the foaming and mildness properties of trehalolipids surfactant in rinse-off formulations,comparing it with the traditional nonionic surfactant alkyl-polyglycolide(APG).Both single surfactant and their surfactant complexes are evaluated.And the results show that trehalolipids have significant advantages in reducing surface tension,improving foam performance,and enhancing mildness.For mildness evaluation,multiple methods are employed in the study,including in vitro cell toxicity,inflammatory markers,colorimetric index of mildness CIM,and in vivo method of human skin patch test.The results show that the addition of trehalolipids increases IC50 and reduces the release of inflammatory markers of the binary surfactant system.However,the incorporation of trehalolipids has some negative effects on the skin’s lipid barrier function.Skin patch test results indicate that the addition of trehalolipids improves the mildness of surfactant system,particularly in sulfate-free system.Overall,trehalolipids,as nonionic surfactants,presents great potential to replace traditional surfactants in rinse off formulations with enhanced mildness and foam performance.展开更多
文摘Objective:To evaluate the intervention effect of childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching on pediatric bronchopneumonia.Methods:1036 children with bronchopneumonia(one family member included for each child)who were admitted to the hospital between January 2024 and June 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table.The combined group received childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching,while the control group received routine nursing.Symptom recovery time,treatment compliance,inflammatory factor levels,quality of life of the children,and family satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The symptom recovery time in the combined group was shorter than that in the control group,treatment compliance was higher,inflammatory factor levels after intervention were lower,quality of life scores of the children were lower,and family satisfaction was higher(P<0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching for children with bronchopneumonia can shorten their symptom recovery time,significantly improve treatment compliance and quality of life,reduce inflammatory reactions,and achieve high satisfaction among family members.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2023YFB4006100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271232)+3 种基金Ningbo Youth Science and Technology Leading Talents Project(No.2023QL026)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(No.2020300)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Nos.LY21E020008 and LD21E020001)the“From 0 to 1”Innovative Program of CAS(No.ZDBS-LY-JSC021)
文摘Using abundant saline water for electrolysis,rather than limited freshwater,presents a promising technique for generating clean hydrogen energy.However,high concentration of corrosive chloride ions in saline water poses a great challenge in the stability of anode.In this study,we present a straightforward strategy to protect the anode from corrosion by patching the catalyst layer through a treatment of the anode with a sodium sulfide(Na2S) solution followed by electrochemical activation.The rapid sulfurization of the Ni electrode in Na2S results in the formation of a Na2S layer,which can subsequently be converted to NiOOH upon electrochemical activation,thereby shielding the inner Ni electrode from corrosion.The as-prepared electrode (P-NiFe-LDH/Ni) based on the strategy demonstrated stability over 3,500 h at an industrial current density of 0.5 A cm^(-2)in a 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M KOH solution.This study presents an effective strategy to significantly enhance the stability of anodes for saline water electrolysis by effectively patching the cracks in the catalyst layer.
基金Supported by: (1) Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20030013006) (2) National Specialized R&D Project for the Product of Mobile Communications (Develop-ment and Application of Next Generation Mobile Intel-ligent Network)+3 种基金 (3) Development Fund Key Project for Electronic and Information Industry (Core Service Plat-form for Next Generation Network) (4) Development Fund Project for Electronic and Information Industry (Value-added Service Platform and Application System for Mobile Communications) (5) Development Fund Project for Electronic and Information Industry (Con-tent-based Integrated Charging Platform for Telecom-munication Networks) (6) National Specific Project for Hi-tech Industrialization and Information Equipments (Mobile Intelligent Network Supporting Value-added Data Services).
文摘A mobile transmission strategy, PMPatching (Proxy-based Mobile Patching) transmission strat-egy is proposed, it applies to the proxy-based mobile streaming media system in Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) network. Performance of the whole system can be improved by using patching stream to transmit anterior part of the suffix that had been played back, and by batching all the demands for the suffix arrived in prefix period and patching stream transmission threshold period. Experimental results show that this strategy can efficiently reduce average network transmission cost and number of channels consumed in central streaming media server.
文摘AIM:To compare the efficacies of patching and penalization therapies for the treatment of amblyopia patients.METHODS:The records of 64 eyes of 50 patients 7 to16y of age who had presented to our clinics with a diagnosis of amblyopia,were evaluated retrospectively.Forty eyes of 26 patients who had received patching therapy and 24 eyes of 24 patients who had received penalization therapy included in this study.The latencies and amplitudes of visual evoked potential(VEP)records and best corrected visual acuities(BCVA)of these two groups were compared before and six months after the treatment.RESULTS:In both patching and the penalization groups,the visual acuities increased significantly following the treatments(P【0.05).The latency measurements of the P100 wave obtained at 1.0°,15 arc min.Patterns of both groups significantly decreased following the 6-months-treatment.However,the amplitude measurements increased(P【0.05).CONCLUSION:The patching and the penalization methods,which are the main methods used in the treatment of amblyopia,were also effective over the age of 7y,which has been accepted as the critical age for the treatment of amblyopia.
基金Funded by Railway Ministry Scientific Research Item
文摘The physical properties and microstructure of SUF are investigated to develop a highly effective cement matrix crack-patching material for concrete cracks. The SEM and XRD determination of hardened SUF shows that the microstructure of SUF is dense and compact with a lot of C-S-H gels and ettringite. Also, the mechanism of shrinkage compensating is discussed.
文摘New bugs and vulnerabilities are discovered and reported from time to time even after software products are released. One of the common ways to handle these bugs is to patch the software. In this paper, the authors propose a stochastic model for optimizing the patching time for software bugs and vulnerabilities. The optimal patching time can be computed in the patching script development and operational costs in fix. The authors present two case studies using the Nimda worm vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Information Services web server and the bug report of the Debian project. These studies indicate that the patch applications are later than their optimal fix time.
文摘Background:Patching an eye for a period of 2 hours results in a period of plasticity where inter-ocular balance shifts in favor of the patched eye.Acetylcholine has been shown to improve visual function and augment adult neural plasticity.Here we evaluate whether administering the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil enhances the magnitude or duration of the patching induced shift in ocular balance.Methods:We used a double-blind drug treatment design to test the effect of donepezil and patching on the shift in ocular balance.We used a well-known binocular phase combination task to measure ocular balance before and after treatment.Results:Our results demonstrate that donepezil does not enhance,and may actually reduce the magnitude and duration of the patching-induced shift in ocular balance.Conclusions:Patching induced adult neural plasticity does not appear to be modulated by the cholinergic system,however,increased dose or longer drug administration periods may yield significant results.Future studies on binocular rivalry are in the pipeline.
基金supported by the Program for Innovative Research Team(2011-CXTD-09)of Beijing University of Chinese Medicinepartially supported by the Program for the Model of Building Clinical Research Capacity for Chinese Medicine(grant number201207007)from the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China+2 种基金the program for Young Faculty Fellow Plan of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(2012-QNJSZX012)young elite talent plan of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(YETP0796)supported by Ba Gui Scholarship from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
文摘Background: Acupoint herbal patching(AHP) alone or as an adjuvant therapy with conventional treatment(CT) has been widely used for prevention and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). However, current clinical evidence from a systematic review of RCTs is lacking.Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of AHP with or without CT for people with COPD at stable stage.Methods: We searched randomized controlled trials comparing AHP(with or without CT) with no intervention, placebo, or CT from six databases. Two authors selected studies, extracted data and evaluated risk of bias of included trials. Rev Man 5.2 software was used to analysis data.Results: Twenty one RCTs(2327 participants) were included. AHP of non sanfu applied on no fixed dates with CT significantly decreased the mean frequency of acute exacerbation of COPD(times per year)(MD:-1.24; 95% CI:-2.02 to-0.46; 2 trials), and improved lung function parameters and quality of life. The AHP with CT showed no better effect in 6-minute walking distance(6 MWD) that CT alone. AHP applied at sanfu(specific dates based on lunar calendar) with CT had significant effect for 6 MWD(MD: 11.20; 95% CI: 0.83 to 21.56; I^2= 0%;3 trials). One trial reported skin irritation from AHP. Another trial reported two patients had eye discomfort, which was inferred as the adverse effects of seretide.Conclusion: AHP used as an adjunct to CT, appears to be more effective than CT alone in patients with stable COPD. However, further large,rigorously designed trials are warranted to confirm these potential effects.
基金supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00256265,RS-2024-00352352,RS-2024-00405818)the Korean Fund for Regenerative Medicine(KFRM)grant funded by the Korea government(the Ministry of Science and ICT,the Ministry of Health&Welfare).(No.25A0102L1)support from the Market-led K-sensor technology program(RS-2022-00154781,Development of large-area wafer-level flexible/stretchable hybrid sensor platform technology for form factor-free highly integrated convergence sensor),funded By the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea).
文摘Microneedles(MNs)have been extensively investigated for transdermal delivery of large-sized drugs,including proteins,nucleic acids,and even extracellular vesicles(EVs).However,for their sufficient skin penetration,conventional MNs employ long needles(≥600μm),leading to pain and skin irritation.Moreover,it is critical to stably apply MNs against complex skin surfaces for uniform nanoscale drug delivery.Herein,a dually amplified transdermal patch(MN@EV/SC)is developed as the stem cell-derived EV delivery platform by hierarchically integrating an octopusinspired suction cup(SC)with short MNs(≤300μm).While leveraging the suction effect to induce nanoscale deformation of the stratum corneum,MN@EV/SC minimizes skin damage and enhances the adhesion of MNs,allowing EV to penetrate deeper into the dermis.When MNs of various lengths are applied to mouse skin,the short MNs can elicit comparable corticosterone release to chemical adhesives,whereas long MNs induce a prompt stress response.MN@EV/SC can achieve a remarkable penetration depth(290μm)for EV,compared to that of MN alone(111μm).Consequently,MN@EV/SC facilitates the revitalization of fibroblasts and enhances collagen synthesis in middle-aged mice.Overall,MN@EV/SC exhibits the potential for skin regeneration by modulating the dermal microenvironment and ensuring patient comfort.
文摘The freemium pricing model has become mainstream in the software industry.A large user base can induce positive network effects while expanding security risks associated with unpatched users.This study explores a two-stage decision problem faced by software vendors that involves a freemium versioning strategy and a subsequent security-patching strategy when taking both the positive network externality and negative security externality into consideration.It is noteworthy that a joint effect of the two externalities on the vendor’s management decisions exists.First,we analytically derive three patching strategies for the vendor:PS_(1)(rebates all users),PS_(2)(rebates only freeware users),and PS_(3)(rebates no users).Our results indicate that,if the strength of the positive network externality is relatively low,the optimal security-patching strategy will be significantly affected by the negative security externality.Specifically,when the intensity of the negative security externality is low,the vendor’s optimal patching strategy will be PS_(1).However,with the increase in the negative security externality,the optimal patching strategy changes to PS_(2) and then to PS_(3),whereas the strategy spaces of PS_(1) and PS_(2) decrease in the positive network externality to zero.Nevertheless,if the strength of the positive network externality is relatively high,the vendor is better off selecting PS_(1) when the negative security externality is low.However,when the negative security externality is high,PS_(3) is optimal.Furthermore,based on optimal patching strategies,we reveal the optimal conditions required for the vendor to adopt the freemium model compared with commercial only.Of interest,we find that the vendor adopting the freemium version is also influenced by the interaction of the two externalities.Finally,through numerical experiments,we find that the vendor and social planner’s interests can be aligned under certain conditions.However,this is not always the case.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21974067,22274073)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(020514380309,021414380502,2022300324)the State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science(5431ZZXM2305,5431ZZXM2204).
文摘Lipid rafts(LRs)are relatively well-ordered functional microdomains in cell membranes and play an irreplaceable role in physiological processes as a transduction platform for multiple signaling pathways.Due to their small size and high spatiotemporal dynamics,it is difficult to perform lipid raftlocalized biomolecule imaging on the surface of living cells.Here,we report a DNA nanotechnology-based platform for reversible manipulation and localized analysis of lipid rafts,which consists of two modules:“patching and coding probe pair”and“fishing probe”.The probe pair is generated by modifying two different sets of connectable DNA structures on a lipid raft-specific protein.After recognizing lipid rafts,the two probes in close proximity are linked by a DNA ligase reaction to form a lipid raft identity(LRID)code.The LR-ID strand patches and stabilizes the lipid raft structure.Interestingly,the raft patches formed can be depatched by restriction endonucleases,providing the first reversible manipulation of the lipid raft structure in living cells.We also designed a“fishing probe”with a DNA hairpin structure using an aptamer that can specifically bind to the target.The probe can cascade the reaction to two input signals“LR-ID”and“target protein”to generate an“off-on”fluorescence switch,allowing imaging and dynamic monitoring of target proteins localized in lipid rafts.By encoding arbitrary targets(in the case of glycans)in lipid rafts,we have created a universal lipid raft-localized imaging platform.This work provides an integrated analytical and manipulative platform to reveal lipid rafts and associated signaling pathways at the molecular level.
文摘目的研究原发性喉癌(PLC)患者癌组织中微小RNA(miR)-425-5p/Patched homolog1(PTCH1)轴分子与临床病理参数及预后的关系。方法选择绵阳市中心医院2020年3月~2021年3月收治的102例PLC患者,比较PLC癌组织及癌旁正常组织中miR-425-5p相对表达量、PTCH1阳性表达率,分析miR-425-5p相对表达量、PTCH1阳性表达率与PLC临床病理参数间的关系;采用Kaplan-Meier曲线和Log-Rankχ^(2)检验分析miR-425-5p,PTCH1阳性/阴性表达组三年累积生存率;采用COX回归模型分析PLC预后的影响因素。结果相较于癌旁正常组织,PLC癌组织miR425-5p相对表达量明显升高(2.12±0.52 vs 0.98±0.17),PTCH1阳性表达率明显降低(27.45%vs 61.76%),差异具有统计学意义(t/χ^(2)=21.045,24.302,均P<0.05)。相较于肿瘤T1~T2期、N0期、中高分化患者,肿瘤T3~T4期、N1~N3期、低分化患者miR-425-5p相对表达量明显升高(t=3.647,2.900,3.029),PTCH1阳性表达率明显降低(χ^(2)=5.842,4.011,5.136),差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。miR-425-5p高表达组三年累积生存率[64.52%(20/31)]明显低于低表达组[84.06%(58/69)],PTCH1高表达组三年累积生存率[80.00%(28/35)]明显高于低表达组[64.62%(42/65)],差异具有统计学意义(Log-Rankχ^(2)=4.287,4.548,均P<0.05)。T分期升高、颈淋巴结复发、N分期升高、咽喉部复发、miR-425-5p升高、PTCH1阴性表达是PLC预后不良的危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论PLC患者癌组织中miR-425-5p高表达、PTCH1低表达与T分期升高、肿瘤低分化、N分期升高和三年累积生存率低显著相关。
基金supported by grants received by the first author and third author from the Institute of Eminence,Delhi University,Delhi,India,as part of the Faculty Research Program via Ref.No./IoE/2024-25/12/FRP.
文摘Software systems are vulnerable to security breaches as they expand in complexity and functionality.The confidentiality,integrity,and availability of data are gravely threatened by flaws in a system’s design,implementation,or configuration.To guarantee the durability&robustness of the software,vulnerability identification and fixation have become crucial areas of focus for developers,cybersecurity experts and industries.This paper presents a thorough multi-phase mathematical model for efficient patch management and vulnerability detection.To uniquely model these processes,the model incorporated the notion of the learning phenomenon in describing vulnerability fixation using a logistic learning function.Furthermore,the authors have used numerical methods to approximate the solution of the proposed framework where an analytical solution is difficult to attain.The suggested systematic architecture has been demonstrated through statistical analysis using patch datasets,which offers a solid basis for the research conclusions.According to computational research,learning dynamics improves security response and results in more effective vulnerability management.The suggested model offers a systematic approach to proactive vulnerability mitigation and has important uses in risk assessment,software maintenance,and cybersecurity.This study helps create more robust software systems by increasing patch management effectiveness,which benefits developers,cybersecurity experts,and sectors looking to reduce security threats in a growing digital world.
文摘目的探讨原发性喉癌患者癌组织中微小核糖核酸-425-5p(miR-425-5p)/跨膜蛋白受体Patched1(PTCH1)轴分子与临床病理参数及预后的关系。方法前瞻性选取2018年7月至2021年6月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的108例原发性喉癌患者作为研究对象。比较癌组织、癌旁组织及不同病理特征癌组织miR-425-5p、PTCH1 m RNA相对表达量,采用Spearman法分析miR-425-5p、PTCH1与临床病理特征的相关性,随访3年,统计所有患者的3年生存率,比较生存与死亡患者癌组织中的miR-425-5p、而PTCH1 m RNA相对表达量,并利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线获取miR-425-5p、PTCH1最佳截断值,采用KM曲线分析miR-425-5p、PTCH1与预后的关系。结果原发性喉癌患者癌组织中的miR-425-5p相对表达量为1.81±0.48,明显高于癌旁组织的1.08±0.23,PTCH1 m RNA相对表达量为1.21±0.36,明显低于癌旁组织的1.63±0.41,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、淋巴结转移、低分化癌组织中的miR-425-5p相对表达量分别为1.97±0.46、2.09±0.42、2.14±0.46,明显高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移、中高分化癌组织的1.54±0.41、1.66±0.39、1.60±0.40,PTCH1 m RNA相对表达量分别为1.09±0.21、1.04±0.24、1.01±0.20,明显低于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移、中高分化癌组织的1.42±0.25、1.30±0.27、1.34±0.23,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Spearman法分析结果显示,miR-425-5p与临床分期、淋巴结转移呈正相关(r=0.663、0.702,P<0.05),与分化程度呈负相关(r=-0.681,P<0.05),PTCH1与临床分期、淋巴结转移呈负相关(r=-0.652、-0.711,P<0.05),与分化程度呈正相关(r=0.694,P<0.05);死亡患者癌组织中的miR-425-5p相对表达量为2.23±0.46,明显高于生存患者癌组织的1.67±0.38,而PTCH1 m RNA相对表达量为0.96±0.21,明显低于生存患者癌组织的1.30±0.34,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);ROC分析结果显示,miR-425-5p、PTCH1预测死亡的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.815(95%CI:0.727~0.884)、0.792(95%CI:0.702~0.865),最佳截断值分别为2.01、1.09;KM分析结果显示,miR-425-5p高表达、PTCH1低表达患者3年生存率均低于miR-425-5p低表达、PTCH1高表达患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论miR-425-5p在原发性喉癌癌组织中表达上调,PTCH1表达下调,联合检测对预后具有一定预测价值,可作为临床评估病情、预测预后的辅助指标,以指导临床工作。
文摘The paper investigates the foaming and mildness properties of trehalolipids surfactant in rinse-off formulations,comparing it with the traditional nonionic surfactant alkyl-polyglycolide(APG).Both single surfactant and their surfactant complexes are evaluated.And the results show that trehalolipids have significant advantages in reducing surface tension,improving foam performance,and enhancing mildness.For mildness evaluation,multiple methods are employed in the study,including in vitro cell toxicity,inflammatory markers,colorimetric index of mildness CIM,and in vivo method of human skin patch test.The results show that the addition of trehalolipids increases IC50 and reduces the release of inflammatory markers of the binary surfactant system.However,the incorporation of trehalolipids has some negative effects on the skin’s lipid barrier function.Skin patch test results indicate that the addition of trehalolipids improves the mildness of surfactant system,particularly in sulfate-free system.Overall,trehalolipids,as nonionic surfactants,presents great potential to replace traditional surfactants in rinse off formulations with enhanced mildness and foam performance.
