We propose a novel fast numerical calculation method for the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral,which is developed based on the existing scaled convolution method.This approach enables fast cal-culations for gen...We propose a novel fast numerical calculation method for the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral,which is developed based on the existing scaled convolution method.This approach enables fast cal-culations for general cases of off-axis scenarios where the sampling intervals and numbers of the input and observation planes are unequal.Additionally,it allows for arbitrary adjustment of the sampling interval of the impulse response function,facilitating a manual trade-off between computational load and accuracy.The er-rors associated with this method,which is equivalent to interpolation,primarily arise from the discontinuities of the sampling matrix of the impulse response function on its boundaries of periodic extension.To address this issue,we propose the concept of the padding function and its construction method,and evaluate its ef-fectiveness in enhancing computational accuracy.The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by nu-merical simulation and compared with the direct integration DI-method in a simplified scenario.It shows that the proposed method has good computational accuracy for the general case where the sampling interval of the input and observation plane is not equal under non-near-field diffraction,and when the diffraction distance is large,although the computational accuracy of the proposed method cannot exceed that of the DI-method,the computational amount can be significantly reduced with almost no effect on the computational accuracy.This method provides a general numerical calculation scheme of diffraction in the non-near field case for areas such as computational holography.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different padding on ammonia concentration in broiler house and growth performance and blood indi- cators of broilers. [Method] A total of 480 one-day-old 817...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different padding on ammonia concentration in broiler house and growth performance and blood indi- cators of broilers. [Method] A total of 480 one-day-old 817 broilers were selected. They were randomly divided into four groups with different paddings, and each group was in triplicate. The weights of broilers and feed were weighed weekly. The growth performance of broilers was determined. On day 30, the ammonia concentra- tions in broiler houses were determined. On day 35, 6 broilers were randomly se- lected from each group, and their vein blood was sampled. In the sampled vein blood, the concentrations of ammonia, glucose, globulin, serum total protein and urea nitrogen were determined. [Result] There were significant differences in ammo- nia concentration among broiler houses laid with different paddings （P〈0.05）. The ammonia concentration in group 1 was significantly lower than those in group 3 and group 4 （P〈0.05）. No significant difference was found in ammonia concentrations in broiler houses between group 2 and group 3 （P〉0.05）. The ammonia concentration in group 4 was significantly higher than those in group1, group 2 and group 3 （,0〈 0.05）. There were also significant differences in blood indicators among different groups （P〈0.05）. The blood ammonia, blood glucose and serum urea nitrogen con- centrations in group 1 were significantly lower than those in other groups （P〈0.05）, the serum total protein concentration was significantly higher than those in group 3 and group 4 （P〈0.05）, and the serum globulin concentration was significantly higher than those in group 2, group 3 and group 4 （P〈0.05）. Significant differences were observed in feed intake, body weight gain and slaughter weight between different groups （P〈0.05）, but there were no significant differences in feed to grain ratio （P〉 0.05）. [Conclusion] Under the experimental conditions, the padding of Chinese medicine residue showed better effect on reducing ammonia concentration in broiler house, which was conducive to play of production potential of broilers.展开更多
To replace metal padding by insulation padding for castings can save the melt and reduce cleaning work of castings. The design of insulation padding was investigated. The equation of the modulus extension factor for i...To replace metal padding by insulation padding for castings can save the melt and reduce cleaning work of castings. The design of insulation padding was investigated. The equation of the modulus extension factor for insulation padding and the ratio of its thickness over the modulus of a casting were improved to deter- mine the thickness of insulation padding. The insulation padding was designed for a turbine guide vane casting weighing 3.5 t. A sound casting was obtained with 750 kg steel saved. On the other side, the cast- ing obviously expanded at the interface with the insulation padding, which is perhaps the reason that the use of insulation padding has been suspended for many years. To avoid the expansion of insulation pad- ding, a shielding layer made of a kind of material of good fire resistance was adopted to prevent the insula- tion layer from touching the melt. The shielding layer serves as a cushion of heat and expansion during so- lidification process so as to resist the expansion of castings and guarantee the feeding effect at the same time. Furthermore, insulation padding can be placed by a certain offset into the mold cavity so as to coun- teract the expansion of castings.展开更多
Due to highly underdetermined nature of Single Image Super-Resolution(SISR)problem,deep learning neural networks are required to be more deeper to solve the problem effectively.One of deep neural networks successful i...Due to highly underdetermined nature of Single Image Super-Resolution(SISR)problem,deep learning neural networks are required to be more deeper to solve the problem effectively.One of deep neural networks successful in the Super-Resolution(SR)problem is ResNet which can render the capability of deeper networks with the help of skip connections.However,zero padding(ZP)scheme in the network restricts benefits of skip connections in SRResNet and its performance as the ratio of the number of pure input data to that of zero padded data increases.In this paper.we consider the ResNet with Partial Convolution based Padding(PCP)instead of ZP to solve SR problem.Since training of deep neural networks using patch images is advantageous in many aspects such as the number of training image data and network complexities,patch image based SR performance is compared with single full image based one.The experimental results show that patch based SRResNet SR results are better than single full image based ones and the performance of deep SRResNet with PCP is better than the one with ZP.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of fermentation bed padding on intestinal flora,serum biochemical indexes and immune function of growing-finishing pigs.[Method]A total of 90 growing-finishing pigs(Duroc ...[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of fermentation bed padding on intestinal flora,serum biochemical indexes and immune function of growing-finishing pigs.[Method]A total of 90 growing-finishing pigs(Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire)with the body weight of(30.5±0.8)kg were randomly divided into five groups,three replicates each group,six pigs each replicate.The padding of five groups were:50%rice husk+50%sawdust(control group),100%spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii(100%spent mushroom substrate group),15%rice husk+15%sawdust+70%spent mushroom substrate(70%spent mushroom substrate group),25%rice husk+25%sawdust+50%spent mushroom substrate(50%spent mushroom substrate group),35%rice husk+35%sawdust+30%spent mushroom substrate(30%spent mushroom substrate group).The pre-trial lasted 7 d,and the formal trial lasted 90 d.[Result]Compared with the control group,the number of Escherichia col in 100%,70%and 50%spent mushroom substrate groups decreased by 35.4%,24.0%and 20.8%,respectively(P<0.05);the number of salmonella successively decreased by 29.4%,19.3%and 15.2%,respectively(P<0.05);the number of lactobacillus successively increased by 21.7%,15.9%and 12.2%,respectively(P<0.05);and the number of bifidobacteria successively increased by 20.2%,16.7%and 11.8%,respectively(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the total serum protein content in 100%,70%,50%and 30%spent mushroom substrate groups increased by 30.6%,33.0%,28.0%and 18.4%,respectively(P<0.05);and the serum urea nitrogen content decreased by 32.4%,34.5%,33.9%and 22.0%,respectively(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in serum albumin,aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)between treatment groups and control group.The IgA,IgG,IgM and IL-6 levels in serum of each treatment group were significantly different from those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in IgA,IgG,IgM and IL-6 levels among 100%,70%and 50%spent mushroom substrate groups.[Conclusion]It improves the balance of intestinal microecological flora of growing-finishing pigs and enhances the immune performance of pigs by using spent mushroom substrate of P.eryngii as the fermentation bed padding.15%rice husk+15%sawdust+70%spent mushroom substrate is the optimal proportion of spent mushroom substrate for growing-finishing pigs.展开更多
In recent visual tracking research,correlation filter(CF)based trackers become popular because of their high speed and considerable accuracy.Previous methods mainly work on the extension of features and the solution o...In recent visual tracking research,correlation filter(CF)based trackers become popular because of their high speed and considerable accuracy.Previous methods mainly work on the extension of features and the solution of the boundary effect to learn a better correlation filter.However,the related studies are insufficient.By exploring the potential of trackers in these two aspects,a novel adaptive padding correlation filter(APCF)with feature group fusion is proposed for robust visual tracking in this paper based on the popular context-aware tracking framework.In the tracker,three feature groups are fused by use of the weighted sum of the normalized response maps,to alleviate the risk of drift caused by the extreme change of single feature.Moreover,to improve the adaptive ability of padding for the filter training of different object shapes,the best padding is selected from the preset pool according to tracking precision over the whole video,where tracking precision is predicted according to the prediction model trained by use of the sequence features of the first several frames.The sequence features include three traditional features and eight newly constructed features.Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed tracker is superior to most state-of-the-art correlation filter based trackers and has a stable improvement compared to the basic trackers.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The principal postoperative complication of mastectomies with</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"&g...<strong>Introduction:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The principal postoperative complication of mastectomies with</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> axillary dissection is the lymphocele that can last many months after surgery. The purpose of our study was to prevent its formation using the padding.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Sixty-one patients have been included in our study. The follow-up was 6 months. The patients were divided in two groups through a random draw (simple drainage and drainage associated with padding). All patients had a mastectomy with axillary dissection following the Madden technique. All quantities of lymphoceles during postoperative hospitalization and ambulatory care have been noted.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Twenty-five patients had benefited f</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rom</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the padding and 36 of a simple axillary drainage. Six months after the surgery, the patients benefitting from the padding had a quantity of lymphocele equal to half that of the control group (761.83 mL against 1373.60 mL;p = 0.01). During the postoperative hospitalization, the quantities were of 362.80 mL for the padding group versus 630.83 mL;p < 0.01. The hospitalization period was shorter for the padding patients (3.72 days vs 5.14 days;p = 0.01). However, pain was greater for the padding group upon 6 months (0.26 vs 0.10;p = 0.04). On another note, padding does not influence the duration of the surgery.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The production of postoperative lymphocele is heterogenous, varying from one patient to another. Nevertheless, the padding of the mastectomy compartment and of the axillary cavity allow</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> a noticeable reduction of the produced quantity and of the hospitalization period at the expense of more pain.</span>展开更多
Website Fingerprinting(WF)attacks enable a local eavesdropper to use metadata of packet fow,such as size,tim-ing,and direction,to infer the websites a user is visiting.This can damage the user privacy provided by anon...Website Fingerprinting(WF)attacks enable a local eavesdropper to use metadata of packet fow,such as size,tim-ing,and direction,to infer the websites a user is visiting.This can damage the user privacy provided by anonymity systems such as Tor.Tor has implemented the WF defense called Circuit Padding Framework,which provides an inter-face for developers to implement their own defenses.However,these defenses in the framework were overcome by the Deep Fingerprinting(DF)attack.In this paper,we propose a novel defense approach called break burst padding(Break-Pad),which injects a random number of padding packets into an incoming burst once the number of consecutive incoming packets exceeds a set number.We integrated Break-Pad into the existing Circuit Padding Framework.In addition,we have implemented two padding machines named August and October in the new framework and conducted experiments to evaluate these machines.In the open-world setting,our results show that August,with 29%bandwidth overhead,reduces Tik-Tok’s TPR by 14.48%and DF’s TPR by 22%.October outper-forms the best padding machine,RBB.With 36%bandwidth overhead,it drops Tik-Tok’s TPR to 74.24%and DF’s TPR to 65.36%.In the one-page setting,October further reduces the bandwidth overhead by 11%while achieving similar performance to RBB.In the information leak analysis,for the burst sequence feature of the trafc,October leaks at 2.453 bits,while the best comparable padding machine Interspace leaks at 2.629 bits.展开更多
文摘We propose a novel fast numerical calculation method for the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral,which is developed based on the existing scaled convolution method.This approach enables fast cal-culations for general cases of off-axis scenarios where the sampling intervals and numbers of the input and observation planes are unequal.Additionally,it allows for arbitrary adjustment of the sampling interval of the impulse response function,facilitating a manual trade-off between computational load and accuracy.The er-rors associated with this method,which is equivalent to interpolation,primarily arise from the discontinuities of the sampling matrix of the impulse response function on its boundaries of periodic extension.To address this issue,we propose the concept of the padding function and its construction method,and evaluate its ef-fectiveness in enhancing computational accuracy.The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by nu-merical simulation and compared with the direct integration DI-method in a simplified scenario.It shows that the proposed method has good computational accuracy for the general case where the sampling interval of the input and observation plane is not equal under non-near-field diffraction,and when the diffraction distance is large,although the computational accuracy of the proposed method cannot exceed that of the DI-method,the computational amount can be significantly reduced with almost no effect on the computational accuracy.This method provides a general numerical calculation scheme of diffraction in the non-near field case for areas such as computational holography.
基金Supported by Innovation Project for Universities and Research Institutes in Jinan City(201303053)Shandong Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(2014GGH210001)Program of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Shandong Province~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different padding on ammonia concentration in broiler house and growth performance and blood indi- cators of broilers. [Method] A total of 480 one-day-old 817 broilers were selected. They were randomly divided into four groups with different paddings, and each group was in triplicate. The weights of broilers and feed were weighed weekly. The growth performance of broilers was determined. On day 30, the ammonia concentra- tions in broiler houses were determined. On day 35, 6 broilers were randomly se- lected from each group, and their vein blood was sampled. In the sampled vein blood, the concentrations of ammonia, glucose, globulin, serum total protein and urea nitrogen were determined. [Result] There were significant differences in ammo- nia concentration among broiler houses laid with different paddings （P〈0.05）. The ammonia concentration in group 1 was significantly lower than those in group 3 and group 4 （P〈0.05）. No significant difference was found in ammonia concentrations in broiler houses between group 2 and group 3 （P〉0.05）. The ammonia concentration in group 4 was significantly higher than those in group1, group 2 and group 3 （,0〈 0.05）. There were also significant differences in blood indicators among different groups （P〈0.05）. The blood ammonia, blood glucose and serum urea nitrogen con- centrations in group 1 were significantly lower than those in other groups （P〈0.05）, the serum total protein concentration was significantly higher than those in group 3 and group 4 （P〈0.05）, and the serum globulin concentration was significantly higher than those in group 2, group 3 and group 4 （P〈0.05）. Significant differences were observed in feed intake, body weight gain and slaughter weight between different groups （P〈0.05）, but there were no significant differences in feed to grain ratio （P〉 0.05）. [Conclusion] Under the experimental conditions, the padding of Chinese medicine residue showed better effect on reducing ammonia concentration in broiler house, which was conducive to play of production potential of broilers.
基金funded by National Basic Research Program of China(No.2011CB012900)
文摘To replace metal padding by insulation padding for castings can save the melt and reduce cleaning work of castings. The design of insulation padding was investigated. The equation of the modulus extension factor for insulation padding and the ratio of its thickness over the modulus of a casting were improved to deter- mine the thickness of insulation padding. The insulation padding was designed for a turbine guide vane casting weighing 3.5 t. A sound casting was obtained with 750 kg steel saved. On the other side, the cast- ing obviously expanded at the interface with the insulation padding, which is perhaps the reason that the use of insulation padding has been suspended for many years. To avoid the expansion of insulation pad- ding, a shielding layer made of a kind of material of good fire resistance was adopted to prevent the insula- tion layer from touching the melt. The shielding layer serves as a cushion of heat and expansion during so- lidification process so as to resist the expansion of castings and guarantee the feeding effect at the same time. Furthermore, insulation padding can be placed by a certain offset into the mold cavity so as to coun- teract the expansion of castings.
文摘Due to highly underdetermined nature of Single Image Super-Resolution(SISR)problem,deep learning neural networks are required to be more deeper to solve the problem effectively.One of deep neural networks successful in the Super-Resolution(SR)problem is ResNet which can render the capability of deeper networks with the help of skip connections.However,zero padding(ZP)scheme in the network restricts benefits of skip connections in SRResNet and its performance as the ratio of the number of pure input data to that of zero padded data increases.In this paper.we consider the ResNet with Partial Convolution based Padding(PCP)instead of ZP to solve SR problem.Since training of deep neural networks using patch images is advantageous in many aspects such as the number of training image data and network complexities,patch image based SR performance is compared with single full image based one.The experimental results show that patch based SRResNet SR results are better than single full image based ones and the performance of deep SRResNet with PCP is better than the one with ZP.
基金Supported by Animal Medicine Specialized Group Program of Beijing Characteristic High Level Backbone Specialized Group Project(PXM2020-157102-000060)General Project of Science and Technology Plan of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM201512448004)+1 种基金Scientific and Technological Capacity Enhancement Project of"Vegetable Basket"New Production and Business Entity of Beijing Municipal Agricultural Commission(20150203-5)Doctoral Fund of Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture(XY-BS-15-01).
文摘[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of fermentation bed padding on intestinal flora,serum biochemical indexes and immune function of growing-finishing pigs.[Method]A total of 90 growing-finishing pigs(Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire)with the body weight of(30.5±0.8)kg were randomly divided into five groups,three replicates each group,six pigs each replicate.The padding of five groups were:50%rice husk+50%sawdust(control group),100%spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii(100%spent mushroom substrate group),15%rice husk+15%sawdust+70%spent mushroom substrate(70%spent mushroom substrate group),25%rice husk+25%sawdust+50%spent mushroom substrate(50%spent mushroom substrate group),35%rice husk+35%sawdust+30%spent mushroom substrate(30%spent mushroom substrate group).The pre-trial lasted 7 d,and the formal trial lasted 90 d.[Result]Compared with the control group,the number of Escherichia col in 100%,70%and 50%spent mushroom substrate groups decreased by 35.4%,24.0%and 20.8%,respectively(P<0.05);the number of salmonella successively decreased by 29.4%,19.3%and 15.2%,respectively(P<0.05);the number of lactobacillus successively increased by 21.7%,15.9%and 12.2%,respectively(P<0.05);and the number of bifidobacteria successively increased by 20.2%,16.7%and 11.8%,respectively(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the total serum protein content in 100%,70%,50%and 30%spent mushroom substrate groups increased by 30.6%,33.0%,28.0%and 18.4%,respectively(P<0.05);and the serum urea nitrogen content decreased by 32.4%,34.5%,33.9%and 22.0%,respectively(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in serum albumin,aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)between treatment groups and control group.The IgA,IgG,IgM and IL-6 levels in serum of each treatment group were significantly different from those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in IgA,IgG,IgM and IL-6 levels among 100%,70%and 50%spent mushroom substrate groups.[Conclusion]It improves the balance of intestinal microecological flora of growing-finishing pigs and enhances the immune performance of pigs by using spent mushroom substrate of P.eryngii as the fermentation bed padding.15%rice husk+15%sawdust+70%spent mushroom substrate is the optimal proportion of spent mushroom substrate for growing-finishing pigs.
基金supported by the National KeyResearch and Development Program of China(2018AAA0103203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62073036,62076031)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(4202071)。
文摘In recent visual tracking research,correlation filter(CF)based trackers become popular because of their high speed and considerable accuracy.Previous methods mainly work on the extension of features and the solution of the boundary effect to learn a better correlation filter.However,the related studies are insufficient.By exploring the potential of trackers in these two aspects,a novel adaptive padding correlation filter(APCF)with feature group fusion is proposed for robust visual tracking in this paper based on the popular context-aware tracking framework.In the tracker,three feature groups are fused by use of the weighted sum of the normalized response maps,to alleviate the risk of drift caused by the extreme change of single feature.Moreover,to improve the adaptive ability of padding for the filter training of different object shapes,the best padding is selected from the preset pool according to tracking precision over the whole video,where tracking precision is predicted according to the prediction model trained by use of the sequence features of the first several frames.The sequence features include three traditional features and eight newly constructed features.Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed tracker is superior to most state-of-the-art correlation filter based trackers and has a stable improvement compared to the basic trackers.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The principal postoperative complication of mastectomies with</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> axillary dissection is the lymphocele that can last many months after surgery. The purpose of our study was to prevent its formation using the padding.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Sixty-one patients have been included in our study. The follow-up was 6 months. The patients were divided in two groups through a random draw (simple drainage and drainage associated with padding). All patients had a mastectomy with axillary dissection following the Madden technique. All quantities of lymphoceles during postoperative hospitalization and ambulatory care have been noted.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Twenty-five patients had benefited f</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rom</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the padding and 36 of a simple axillary drainage. Six months after the surgery, the patients benefitting from the padding had a quantity of lymphocele equal to half that of the control group (761.83 mL against 1373.60 mL;p = 0.01). During the postoperative hospitalization, the quantities were of 362.80 mL for the padding group versus 630.83 mL;p < 0.01. The hospitalization period was shorter for the padding patients (3.72 days vs 5.14 days;p = 0.01). However, pain was greater for the padding group upon 6 months (0.26 vs 0.10;p = 0.04). On another note, padding does not influence the duration of the surgery.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The production of postoperative lymphocele is heterogenous, varying from one patient to another. Nevertheless, the padding of the mastectomy compartment and of the axillary cavity allow</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> a noticeable reduction of the produced quantity and of the hospitalization period at the expense of more pain.</span>
文摘Website Fingerprinting(WF)attacks enable a local eavesdropper to use metadata of packet fow,such as size,tim-ing,and direction,to infer the websites a user is visiting.This can damage the user privacy provided by anonymity systems such as Tor.Tor has implemented the WF defense called Circuit Padding Framework,which provides an inter-face for developers to implement their own defenses.However,these defenses in the framework were overcome by the Deep Fingerprinting(DF)attack.In this paper,we propose a novel defense approach called break burst padding(Break-Pad),which injects a random number of padding packets into an incoming burst once the number of consecutive incoming packets exceeds a set number.We integrated Break-Pad into the existing Circuit Padding Framework.In addition,we have implemented two padding machines named August and October in the new framework and conducted experiments to evaluate these machines.In the open-world setting,our results show that August,with 29%bandwidth overhead,reduces Tik-Tok’s TPR by 14.48%and DF’s TPR by 22%.October outper-forms the best padding machine,RBB.With 36%bandwidth overhead,it drops Tik-Tok’s TPR to 74.24%and DF’s TPR to 65.36%.In the one-page setting,October further reduces the bandwidth overhead by 11%while achieving similar performance to RBB.In the information leak analysis,for the burst sequence feature of the trafc,October leaks at 2.453 bits,while the best comparable padding machine Interspace leaks at 2.629 bits.
