With climate change,high-altitude areas have been frequently observed with rising temperature and humidity levels,causing an increased likelihood of collapse of ice-rich slopes and threatening downstream human settlem...With climate change,high-altitude areas have been frequently observed with rising temperature and humidity levels,causing an increased likelihood of collapse of ice-rich slopes and threatening downstream human settlements and infrastructural assets.For example,two giant glaciers collapsed in 2016 in the Aru Range,Xizang,China,killing nine herders.Thus,developing numerical methodologies for stability analysis and reproducing the collapse and subsequent movement of landslide debris is imperative for proactively managing disaster risks.This study focuses on the two collapse events within the Aru Range,to numerically analyze the pre-collapse stability of the slopes and their movement processes after collapse.Compared with previous research,this study considers the impact of various environmental factors on the temperature and stability of the two Aru glaciers,especially the heat flux caused by subglacial seepage and geothermal activity.In addition to proving similar stability between the two slopes before the collapse and simulating the positions of headwalls after collapse,this study demonstrates the need of selecting the slope region for simulation,and clarifies the influence of subglacial water flow on the positions of headwalls.Finally,this study reproduces the transport distance of the sliding body and simulates the tsunami caused by the Aru glacial debris rushing into Aru Co Lake.An effective friction coefficient of 0.10-0.11 between the glacier debris and the terrain is proposed.This provides a reference for stability analyses and collapse consequence predictions of ice-rich slopes,aiding in developing strategies for hazard mitigation.展开更多
Objective In kinesin-3,the neck coil correlates with the following segments to form an extended neck that contains a characteristic hinge diverse from a proline in KIF13B to a long flexible linker in KIF1A.The functio...Objective In kinesin-3,the neck coil correlates with the following segments to form an extended neck that contains a characteristic hinge diverse from a proline in KIF13B to a long flexible linker in KIF1A.The function of this neck hinge for controlling processive movement,however,remains unclear.Methods We made a series of modifications to the neck hinges of KIF13B and KIF1A and tested their movement using a single-molecule motility assay.Results In KIF13B,the insertion of flexible residues before or after the proline differentially impacts the processivity or velocity,while the removal of this proline increases the both.In KIF1A,the deletion of entire flexible neck hinge merely enhances the processivity.The engineering of these hinge-truncated necks of kinesin-3 into kinesin-1 similarly boosts the processive movement of kinesin-1.Conclusion The neck hinge in kinesin-3 controls its processive movement and proper modifications tune the motor motility,which provides a novel strategy to reshape the processive movement of kinesin motors.展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52039007 and 42477189)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2024YFHZ0341).
文摘With climate change,high-altitude areas have been frequently observed with rising temperature and humidity levels,causing an increased likelihood of collapse of ice-rich slopes and threatening downstream human settlements and infrastructural assets.For example,two giant glaciers collapsed in 2016 in the Aru Range,Xizang,China,killing nine herders.Thus,developing numerical methodologies for stability analysis and reproducing the collapse and subsequent movement of landslide debris is imperative for proactively managing disaster risks.This study focuses on the two collapse events within the Aru Range,to numerically analyze the pre-collapse stability of the slopes and their movement processes after collapse.Compared with previous research,this study considers the impact of various environmental factors on the temperature and stability of the two Aru glaciers,especially the heat flux caused by subglacial seepage and geothermal activity.In addition to proving similar stability between the two slopes before the collapse and simulating the positions of headwalls after collapse,this study demonstrates the need of selecting the slope region for simulation,and clarifies the influence of subglacial water flow on the positions of headwalls.Finally,this study reproduces the transport distance of the sliding body and simulates the tsunami caused by the Aru glacial debris rushing into Aru Co Lake.An effective friction coefficient of 0.10-0.11 between the glacier debris and the terrain is proposed.This provides a reference for stability analyses and collapse consequence predictions of ice-rich slopes,aiding in developing strategies for hazard mitigation.
文摘Objective In kinesin-3,the neck coil correlates with the following segments to form an extended neck that contains a characteristic hinge diverse from a proline in KIF13B to a long flexible linker in KIF1A.The function of this neck hinge for controlling processive movement,however,remains unclear.Methods We made a series of modifications to the neck hinges of KIF13B and KIF1A and tested their movement using a single-molecule motility assay.Results In KIF13B,the insertion of flexible residues before or after the proline differentially impacts the processivity or velocity,while the removal of this proline increases the both.In KIF1A,the deletion of entire flexible neck hinge merely enhances the processivity.The engineering of these hinge-truncated necks of kinesin-3 into kinesin-1 similarly boosts the processive movement of kinesin-1.Conclusion The neck hinge in kinesin-3 controls its processive movement and proper modifications tune the motor motility,which provides a novel strategy to reshape the processive movement of kinesin motors.
