From the process of sedimentation the mathematical relationships among deposition Volume and powder properties as well as sedimentation parameters were deduced. Based on the formula a mathematical model was set up and...From the process of sedimentation the mathematical relationships among deposition Volume and powder properties as well as sedimentation parameters were deduced. Based on the formula a mathematical model was set up and simulated through the computer. At last the validity of mathematical model was supported by the representative experiment on Ti-Mo system FGM prepared by co-sedimentation.展开更多
By consideration of the characteristics of martensitic transformation and the derivation from the application of the group theory to martensitic transformation, it may be concluded that the shape memory effect (SME) c...By consideration of the characteristics of martensitic transformation and the derivation from the application of the group theory to martensitic transformation, it may be concluded that the shape memory effect (SME) can be attained in materials through a martensitic transformation and its reverse transformation. only when there forms single or nearly single variant of martensite, with an absence of the factors causing the generation of the resistance against SME. on this principle, various shape memory materials including nonferrous alloys. iron-based alloys and ceramics containjng zirconia are expected to be further developed. A criterion for thermoelastic martensitic transformation is presented, Factors which may act as the resistance against SME in various materials are briefly described展开更多
This paper explores reclaimed and recycled material used in ecovillages. The models discussed in this paper include BedZED in the United Kingdom and Masdar City in the Middle East. These two communities contain featur...This paper explores reclaimed and recycled material used in ecovillages. The models discussed in this paper include BedZED in the United Kingdom and Masdar City in the Middle East. These two communities contain features characterized by the sustainable principles of the ecovillage concept by using non-traditional building materials. The creations of more ecovillages, along with the growth of current ecovillages, play an important role in positively solvening environmental and social problems. The sustainable materials used in the ecovillages also act as a model for communities wishing to implement sustainable development.展开更多
The full name of CISRI is Central Iron&Steel Research Institute under the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry in China.It is the largest institute of metallurgical process research in China(the word"large"...The full name of CISRI is Central Iron&Steel Research Institute under the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry in China.It is the largest institute of metallurgical process research in China(the word"large"here refers to various fields,large personnel and many research projects).It includes ironmaking,steel-making,cold and hot processing of steel,metallic product,ferroalloy,refractory,automatic metallurgy control,design展开更多
The discovery of the first Fe-based ferromagnetic amorphous alloy in 1966 had made an impact on conventional magnetic materials because of its unique properties. Since then, a number of amorphous magnetic materials ha...The discovery of the first Fe-based ferromagnetic amorphous alloy in 1966 had made an impact on conventional magnetic materials because of its unique properties. Since then, a number of amorphous magnetic materials have been successfully developed and used in a wide variety of applications. A brief review of R & D activities on amorphous soft magnetic materials in China is given from the beginning to the present in a somewhat chronological order, followed by a brief introduction to their applications on electric and electronic industries. An analysis and a prospect of Chinese market of such amorphous materials are also presented.展开更多
The application of mechanical and chemical syntheses in an high-energy vibration mill of the FESTU makes easy the process of the introduction of reinforced powders in castle composite materials on the Al basis. The ob...The application of mechanical and chemical syntheses in an high-energy vibration mill of the FESTU makes easy the process of the introduction of reinforced powders in castle composite materials on the Al basis. The obtained reinforced phases of Al-Ti-C composition have high specific Surface due to peculiarities of explosive mechanical and chemical syntheses. It increases the uniformity of their distribution in a matrix melt during the mixing process and also increases properties of castle composite materials.展开更多
Meaningful teaching and learning can be achieved when the materials are closely related to the learners’real life.This research focuses on language and culture for the materials suitable for the first semester studen...Meaningful teaching and learning can be achieved when the materials are closely related to the learners’real life.This research focuses on language and culture for the materials suitable for the first semester students of EFL class at the University of Palangka Raya.The design-based research was applied to provide sources consisting of environmental linguistic expres-sions within the eco-linguistic perspective and using a text-based or gen-re-based approach by selecting suitable texts for the level.The Product of Instructional Material shows at least two benefits:(1)as the source of the main module of Intensive Course in writing skill for the first-year students of English Education in Central Kalimantan,and(2)the solution for en-couraging the teachers to modify the provided material which can cover the national standard(KKNI)as well as promoting the local values to strength-en local cultures to have meaningful teaching and learning process.展开更多
Maanshan KuangyouGroup company is a special largeenterprise making wear-resistantmaterials products,integratingscience,industry and trade.Mainproducts are chromium-contentwear-resistant materials and ship-use anchor c...Maanshan KuangyouGroup company is a special largeenterprise making wear-resistantmaterials products,integratingscience,industry and trade.Mainproducts are chromium-contentwear-resistant materials and ship-use anchor chains."Kuangyou"Brand balls have been awardedprizes of Quality Products by theprovince and ministry,and prizeof Scientific Progress by theprovince,and are widely appliedin mining,cement,power andchemicals industries.Ship-useanchor chains have an展开更多
(2) Other Magnetic Materials RE Giant Magnetostrictive Materials (GMM) Research of GMM in China started since 1980s but developed rapidly. The products can be produced in batches today. However, application of such ma...(2) Other Magnetic Materials RE Giant Magnetostrictive Materials (GMM) Research of GMM in China started since 1980s but developed rapidly. The products can be produced in batches today. However, application of such materials in apparatus is laggard than developed countries. GMM materials are mainly applied in step motors, linear actuators, ultrasonic systems, sonar systems, valves, precise controls, active vibration damping etc. It is estimated that the near 10 years will be the fast developing period of global GMM market. Global production of GMM materials during 1989 to 2005 is listed in Table 3.展开更多
Improving the quality of life for Earth's growing population is a complex task that requires the development of new technologies and materials. Perhaps the biggest challenge is access to clean and renewable energy...Improving the quality of life for Earth's growing population is a complex task that requires the development of new technologies and materials. Perhaps the biggest challenge is access to clean and renewable energy sources that can drive a sustainable future. Photovoltaics, today mainly represented by silicon-based solar cells, convert solar energy into electricity and is already an important component in the renewable energy portfolio.展开更多
Aim To research the computer optimization design in material formulation. Methods The professional software including experimental design, mathematical modeling and optimization of single and multiple purposes was d...Aim To research the computer optimization design in material formulation. Methods The professional software including experimental design, mathematical modeling and optimization of single and multiple purposes was developed and applied to the formulation design for the flame retardant ethylenepropylene-diene mischpolymer (EPDM) insulation composites. With the aid of equipartition design, the mathematical models were established based on the optimization of the four properties (limiting oxygen index, volume resistance, tensile strength and elongation). Results The models from limited experiments had good significance, and the modeling analysis conclusions were in good agreement with later experiments. The optimization formulation was practically excellent. Conclusion The software enables practically a comprehensive multi-purpose use of material formulation research.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:In this Account,we present a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in applying data-driven combinatorial design for developing novel highenergy-density materials.Initially,we outline the progress in...CONSPECTUS:In this Account,we present a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in applying data-driven combinatorial design for developing novel highenergy-density materials.Initially,we outline the progress in energetic materials(EMs)development within the framework of the four scientific paradigms,with particular emphasis on the opportunities afforded by the evolution of computer and data science,which has propelled the theoretical design of EMs into a new era of data-driven development.We then discuss the structural features of typical EMs such as TNT,RDX,HMX,and CL-20,namely,a“scaffolds+functional groups”characteristic,underscoring the efficacy of the combinatorial design approach in constructing novel EMs.It has been discerned that those modifications to the scaffolds are the primary driving force behind the enhancement of EMs’properties.Subsequently,we introduce three distinct data-driven design strategies for EMs,each with a different approach to scaffold construction.These strategies are as follows:(1)the known scaffold strategy to identify fused cyclic scaffolds containing oxazole or oxadiazole structures from other fields via database screening and employ a high-throughput combinatorial approach with functional groups to design oxazole(and oxadiazole)-based fused cyclic EMs;(2)the semiknown scaffold strategy to construct semiknown scaffolds by integrating known scaffolds and realize the design of bridged cyclic EMs through a high-throughput combination of functional groups;(3)the unknown scaffold strategy to build caged structural models for quantitative characterization,high-throughput screening caged scaffolds from the database,construct unknown caged scaffolds by substituting atoms or substructures,and combine functional groups to design zero oxygen balance caged EMs.Employing the proposed strategies,the design capacity for EMs reaches an impressive scale of 10^(7) molecules,significantly increasing the probability of obtaining high-performance EMs.Furthermore,the incorporation of property assessment models based on machine learning and density functional theory has achieved a balance between computational accuracy and computational speed.Statistical analysis of the virtual screening has revealed the advantages of bicyclic tri-and tetrasubstituted position scaffolds in the construction of high-energy and easily synthesizable fused cyclic EMs.Additionally,the proposed strategies have been successfully applied to design multifunctional modular energetic materials,resulting in the successful synthesis of three target compounds,validating the effectiveness of data-driven combinatorial design approaches.Lastly,we discuss the current state of high-throughput combinatorial design and,in light of the multifaceted criteria required for the design of EMs,explore the feasibility of multiobjective optimization methods such as Pareto optimization.Moreover,we envision the application of generative models in the subsequent design and development of EMs.We anticipate that this Account will provide valuable insights into the theoretical design of EMs,and we envision the integration of new technologies and methodologies that could play an increasingly significant role in the future discovery of EMs.展开更多
The author presents the results being the effect of the analysis of innovative rate of individual technologies applied in opening up,development and extraction works which was carried out within the project:"scen...The author presents the results being the effect of the analysis of innovative rate of individual technologies applied in opening up,development and extraction works which was carried out within the project:"scenarios of technological development of hard coal extractive industry".After presentation of opening up,development and extraction technologies that are applied in Polish hard coal industry and their classification with regard to innovation degree the author describes those technologies in a detailed manner.He brings attention to the most effective systems for hard coal deposits’ opening up,development and their extraction,including the extraction of the residual coal.The attention is also paid to the safety level of the applied technologies.展开更多
Analysis is given to energy sources home and abroad, the employed and customer market in oceanographic engineering and necessity of its development. Risk out of system is put forward just after marine industry into oc...Analysis is given to energy sources home and abroad, the employed and customer market in oceanographic engineering and necessity of its development. Risk out of system is put forward just after marine industry into oceanographic engineering market. It also metions several influencing factors including politics, finance and ocean engineering materials.展开更多
Microneedle electrodes acquire bioelectrical signals by measuring the potential difference generated through active cells.The common bioelectrical signals include electroencephalographic,electromyographic,and electroc...Microneedle electrodes acquire bioelectrical signals by measuring the potential difference generated through active cells.The common bioelectrical signals include electroencephalographic,electromyographic,and electrocardiographic signals,which have been extensively utilized across medical,neuroscience,and bioengineering domains.Microneedle electrodes,as invasive dry electrodes minimal penetrating the stratum corneum without reaching the dermis,effectively mitigate the impedance of the electrode-skin interface without requiring conductive gel,thus accommodating the requirements of long-term and high-precision measurements.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the electrode materials,fabrication methods,performance evaluation,and applications of microneedle electrodes for bioelectrical signal acquisition.Special emphasis is placed on the development of materials used in the fabrication of microneedle electrodes.Additionally,we discuss the challenges related to material selection and performance testing,offering insights into future trends in this field.展开更多
1.INTRODUCTION Materials profoundly influence daily life,shaping trans-portation,housing,clothing,communication,and food production.Historically,the development of new materials has marked key stages of civilization,f...1.INTRODUCTION Materials profoundly influence daily life,shaping trans-portation,housing,clothing,communication,and food production.Historically,the development of new materials has marked key stages of civilization,from the Stone Age and Bronze Age to the Iron Age and Silicon Age,driving technological and societal progress.Materials science,emerg-ing as a distinct discipline in 1959,integrates knowledge from metallurgy,ceramic engineering,chemical engineering,and solid-state physics,focusing on the relationship between microstructure and properties.One successful example is the efforts in exploring high-strength and high-toughness materials.Recent advancements,such as nanotwinned copper1 and dual-phase silicon nitride exhibiting tensile deformation,highlight the critical role of microstructure in material performance.展开更多
Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Holding Co.,Ltd.has signed a joint venture agreement with a subsidiary of Aero Engine Corporation of China,proposing to establish a JV to engage in the R&D and production of specia...Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Holding Co.,Ltd.has signed a joint venture agreement with a subsidiary of Aero Engine Corporation of China,proposing to establish a JV to engage in the R&D and production of special aerial metal materials.Presently,the JV project展开更多
The State Council recently printed and distributed the Notice on the‘Development Plan of National Strategic Emerging Industries for the'Thirteenth Five Year Plan'’(The Plan),which made overall deployment and...The State Council recently printed and distributed the Notice on the‘Development Plan of National Strategic Emerging Industries for the'Thirteenth Five Year Plan'’(The Plan),which made overall deployment and arrangement for development target,key tasks,展开更多
文摘From the process of sedimentation the mathematical relationships among deposition Volume and powder properties as well as sedimentation parameters were deduced. Based on the formula a mathematical model was set up and simulated through the computer. At last the validity of mathematical model was supported by the representative experiment on Ti-Mo system FGM prepared by co-sedimentation.
文摘By consideration of the characteristics of martensitic transformation and the derivation from the application of the group theory to martensitic transformation, it may be concluded that the shape memory effect (SME) can be attained in materials through a martensitic transformation and its reverse transformation. only when there forms single or nearly single variant of martensite, with an absence of the factors causing the generation of the resistance against SME. on this principle, various shape memory materials including nonferrous alloys. iron-based alloys and ceramics containjng zirconia are expected to be further developed. A criterion for thermoelastic martensitic transformation is presented, Factors which may act as the resistance against SME in various materials are briefly described
文摘This paper explores reclaimed and recycled material used in ecovillages. The models discussed in this paper include BedZED in the United Kingdom and Masdar City in the Middle East. These two communities contain features characterized by the sustainable principles of the ecovillage concept by using non-traditional building materials. The creations of more ecovillages, along with the growth of current ecovillages, play an important role in positively solvening environmental and social problems. The sustainable materials used in the ecovillages also act as a model for communities wishing to implement sustainable development.
文摘The full name of CISRI is Central Iron&Steel Research Institute under the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry in China.It is the largest institute of metallurgical process research in China(the word"large"here refers to various fields,large personnel and many research projects).It includes ironmaking,steel-making,cold and hot processing of steel,metallic product,ferroalloy,refractory,automatic metallurgy control,design
文摘The discovery of the first Fe-based ferromagnetic amorphous alloy in 1966 had made an impact on conventional magnetic materials because of its unique properties. Since then, a number of amorphous magnetic materials have been successfully developed and used in a wide variety of applications. A brief review of R & D activities on amorphous soft magnetic materials in China is given from the beginning to the present in a somewhat chronological order, followed by a brief introduction to their applications on electric and electronic industries. An analysis and a prospect of Chinese market of such amorphous materials are also presented.
文摘The application of mechanical and chemical syntheses in an high-energy vibration mill of the FESTU makes easy the process of the introduction of reinforced powders in castle composite materials on the Al basis. The obtained reinforced phases of Al-Ti-C composition have high specific Surface due to peculiarities of explosive mechanical and chemical syntheses. It increases the uniformity of their distribution in a matrix melt during the mixing process and also increases properties of castle composite materials.
文摘Meaningful teaching and learning can be achieved when the materials are closely related to the learners’real life.This research focuses on language and culture for the materials suitable for the first semester students of EFL class at the University of Palangka Raya.The design-based research was applied to provide sources consisting of environmental linguistic expres-sions within the eco-linguistic perspective and using a text-based or gen-re-based approach by selecting suitable texts for the level.The Product of Instructional Material shows at least two benefits:(1)as the source of the main module of Intensive Course in writing skill for the first-year students of English Education in Central Kalimantan,and(2)the solution for en-couraging the teachers to modify the provided material which can cover the national standard(KKNI)as well as promoting the local values to strength-en local cultures to have meaningful teaching and learning process.
文摘Maanshan KuangyouGroup company is a special largeenterprise making wear-resistantmaterials products,integratingscience,industry and trade.Mainproducts are chromium-contentwear-resistant materials and ship-use anchor chains."Kuangyou"Brand balls have been awardedprizes of Quality Products by theprovince and ministry,and prizeof Scientific Progress by theprovince,and are widely appliedin mining,cement,power andchemicals industries.Ship-useanchor chains have an
文摘(2) Other Magnetic Materials RE Giant Magnetostrictive Materials (GMM) Research of GMM in China started since 1980s but developed rapidly. The products can be produced in batches today. However, application of such materials in apparatus is laggard than developed countries. GMM materials are mainly applied in step motors, linear actuators, ultrasonic systems, sonar systems, valves, precise controls, active vibration damping etc. It is estimated that the near 10 years will be the fast developing period of global GMM market. Global production of GMM materials during 1989 to 2005 is listed in Table 3.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China grant (62322407, 22279034, 52261145698, W2421103)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan (22ZR1418900, 24110714100)+1 种基金the Swedish Research Council (project grant no. 2020-04538)the Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Link?ping University (Faculty Grant SFO Mat LiU no. 2009 00971)。
文摘Improving the quality of life for Earth's growing population is a complex task that requires the development of new technologies and materials. Perhaps the biggest challenge is access to clean and renewable energy sources that can drive a sustainable future. Photovoltaics, today mainly represented by silicon-based solar cells, convert solar energy into electricity and is already an important component in the renewable energy portfolio.
文摘Aim To research the computer optimization design in material formulation. Methods The professional software including experimental design, mathematical modeling and optimization of single and multiple purposes was developed and applied to the formulation design for the flame retardant ethylenepropylene-diene mischpolymer (EPDM) insulation composites. With the aid of equipartition design, the mathematical models were established based on the optimization of the four properties (limiting oxygen index, volume resistance, tensile strength and elongation). Results The models from limited experiments had good significance, and the modeling analysis conclusions were in good agreement with later experiments. The optimization formulation was practically excellent. Conclusion The software enables practically a comprehensive multi-purpose use of material formulation research.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22275145 and 21875184)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Nos.2022JC-10 and 2024JC-YBQN-0112).
文摘CONSPECTUS:In this Account,we present a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in applying data-driven combinatorial design for developing novel highenergy-density materials.Initially,we outline the progress in energetic materials(EMs)development within the framework of the four scientific paradigms,with particular emphasis on the opportunities afforded by the evolution of computer and data science,which has propelled the theoretical design of EMs into a new era of data-driven development.We then discuss the structural features of typical EMs such as TNT,RDX,HMX,and CL-20,namely,a“scaffolds+functional groups”characteristic,underscoring the efficacy of the combinatorial design approach in constructing novel EMs.It has been discerned that those modifications to the scaffolds are the primary driving force behind the enhancement of EMs’properties.Subsequently,we introduce three distinct data-driven design strategies for EMs,each with a different approach to scaffold construction.These strategies are as follows:(1)the known scaffold strategy to identify fused cyclic scaffolds containing oxazole or oxadiazole structures from other fields via database screening and employ a high-throughput combinatorial approach with functional groups to design oxazole(and oxadiazole)-based fused cyclic EMs;(2)the semiknown scaffold strategy to construct semiknown scaffolds by integrating known scaffolds and realize the design of bridged cyclic EMs through a high-throughput combination of functional groups;(3)the unknown scaffold strategy to build caged structural models for quantitative characterization,high-throughput screening caged scaffolds from the database,construct unknown caged scaffolds by substituting atoms or substructures,and combine functional groups to design zero oxygen balance caged EMs.Employing the proposed strategies,the design capacity for EMs reaches an impressive scale of 10^(7) molecules,significantly increasing the probability of obtaining high-performance EMs.Furthermore,the incorporation of property assessment models based on machine learning and density functional theory has achieved a balance between computational accuracy and computational speed.Statistical analysis of the virtual screening has revealed the advantages of bicyclic tri-and tetrasubstituted position scaffolds in the construction of high-energy and easily synthesizable fused cyclic EMs.Additionally,the proposed strategies have been successfully applied to design multifunctional modular energetic materials,resulting in the successful synthesis of three target compounds,validating the effectiveness of data-driven combinatorial design approaches.Lastly,we discuss the current state of high-throughput combinatorial design and,in light of the multifaceted criteria required for the design of EMs,explore the feasibility of multiobjective optimization methods such as Pareto optimization.Moreover,we envision the application of generative models in the subsequent design and development of EMs.We anticipate that this Account will provide valuable insights into the theoretical design of EMs,and we envision the integration of new technologies and methodologies that could play an increasingly significant role in the future discovery of EMs.
文摘The author presents the results being the effect of the analysis of innovative rate of individual technologies applied in opening up,development and extraction works which was carried out within the project:"scenarios of technological development of hard coal extractive industry".After presentation of opening up,development and extraction technologies that are applied in Polish hard coal industry and their classification with regard to innovation degree the author describes those technologies in a detailed manner.He brings attention to the most effective systems for hard coal deposits’ opening up,development and their extraction,including the extraction of the residual coal.The attention is also paid to the safety level of the applied technologies.
文摘Analysis is given to energy sources home and abroad, the employed and customer market in oceanographic engineering and necessity of its development. Risk out of system is put forward just after marine industry into oceanographic engineering market. It also metions several influencing factors including politics, finance and ocean engineering materials.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51672221,and 51872231)the Key Industrial Chain Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2018ZDCXL-GY-08-07).
文摘Microneedle electrodes acquire bioelectrical signals by measuring the potential difference generated through active cells.The common bioelectrical signals include electroencephalographic,electromyographic,and electrocardiographic signals,which have been extensively utilized across medical,neuroscience,and bioengineering domains.Microneedle electrodes,as invasive dry electrodes minimal penetrating the stratum corneum without reaching the dermis,effectively mitigate the impedance of the electrode-skin interface without requiring conductive gel,thus accommodating the requirements of long-term and high-precision measurements.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the electrode materials,fabrication methods,performance evaluation,and applications of microneedle electrodes for bioelectrical signal acquisition.Special emphasis is placed on the development of materials used in the fabrication of microneedle electrodes.Additionally,we discuss the challenges related to material selection and performance testing,offering insights into future trends in this field.
基金support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92463310,92163212,and 52473235)Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(T2425012)+5 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1203400)High Level of Special Funds(G03050K002)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design(2019B030301001)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices(2021B1212040001)Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2024B0101040002)Shenzhen Innovation Program for Distinguished Young Scholars(RCJC20210706091949018).
文摘1.INTRODUCTION Materials profoundly influence daily life,shaping trans-portation,housing,clothing,communication,and food production.Historically,the development of new materials has marked key stages of civilization,from the Stone Age and Bronze Age to the Iron Age and Silicon Age,driving technological and societal progress.Materials science,emerg-ing as a distinct discipline in 1959,integrates knowledge from metallurgy,ceramic engineering,chemical engineering,and solid-state physics,focusing on the relationship between microstructure and properties.One successful example is the efforts in exploring high-strength and high-toughness materials.Recent advancements,such as nanotwinned copper1 and dual-phase silicon nitride exhibiting tensile deformation,highlight the critical role of microstructure in material performance.
文摘Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Holding Co.,Ltd.has signed a joint venture agreement with a subsidiary of Aero Engine Corporation of China,proposing to establish a JV to engage in the R&D and production of special aerial metal materials.Presently,the JV project
文摘The State Council recently printed and distributed the Notice on the‘Development Plan of National Strategic Emerging Industries for the'Thirteenth Five Year Plan'’(The Plan),which made overall deployment and arrangement for development target,key tasks,
