Aim: Maxillary dental arch widths were evaluated in individuals having unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) cleft lip and palate (CLP) using three-dimensional (3D) digital models. Material and Method: The study had ...Aim: Maxillary dental arch widths were evaluated in individuals having unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) cleft lip and palate (CLP) using three-dimensional (3D) digital models. Material and Method: The study had been conducted on 80 individuals aged between 14 - 17 years having UCLP and BCLP. 40 of the individuals had UCLP, whereas 40 had BCLP. The maxillary dental models taken from patients before the treatment were scanned using Orthomodel Programme (v.1.01, Orthomodel Inc., Istanbul, Turkey) to obtain 3D imagery. Student’s t-test was used in order to assess the data obtained by using SPSS software version 22.0. Results: In BCLP, the average inter-canine distance was 17.44 ± 1.31 mm, the average inter-molar distance was 36.57 ± 1.12 mm, while inter-canine/inter-molar ratio was 0.47. Whereas in UCLP, it was 25.10 ± 0.63 mm, 42.20 ± 0.53 mm and 0.59. The inter-canine distance in UCLP was found to be large enough to be statistically significant (p 0.05), even though there were differences in inter-molar widths. Conclusion: For the stable orthodontic treatment results, one of the most important points is arch form and widths to be coherent with each other. In our study, the increase of inter-canine distance seen in UCLP indicates that in the cleft region, the maxillary arch is inclined over to the back, while the same situation in BCLP suggests that the maxillary segments are collapsed inside. The difference in the arch is highly affected by the primary surgical treatment.展开更多
LIPS-300离子推力器为兰州空间技术物理研究所自主研制的双模式离子推力器。推力器在轨运行寿命是决定其是否能够满足未来航天使命需求的关键因素之一。根据未来航天任务对LIPS-300离子推力器系统寿命的要求,即采用LIPS-300离子推力器...LIPS-300离子推力器为兰州空间技术物理研究所自主研制的双模式离子推力器。推力器在轨运行寿命是决定其是否能够满足未来航天使命需求的关键因素之一。根据未来航天任务对LIPS-300离子推力器系统寿命的要求,即采用LIPS-300离子推力器完成所有在轨任务所需要的时间为10 098 h。因此,为了准确预测LIPS-300离子推力器运行过程中其关键部组件单点失效的栅极组件寿命,文中建立了LIPS-300离子推力器栅极组件寿命模型,利用数值仿真计算的方法(PIC/MCC)预测了推力器分别单独工作在210 m N和80 m N时栅极发生失效所对应的寿命,并分析了关键失效模式,同时计算了推力器在大推力210 m N模式下工作6 000 h后,继续在小推力模式80 m N工况下栅极对应的寿命和关键失效模式。另外,分析了不同工况下LIPS-300离子推力器栅极寿命是否满足未来航天使命的寿命需求,即安全裕度。数值结果显示,LIPS-300离子推力器分别单独工作在210 m N和80 m N时,其栅极工作寿命分别为16 064.3、26 633.2 h,安全裕度分别为1.3、2.2,两种情况对应的关键失效失效模式均为电子反流失效;LIPS-300离子推力器在210 m N大推力模式下工作6 000 h后,继续在小推力80 m N下工作,此时对应的寿命约为22 064.3 h,安全裕度为1.8,关键失效模式为电子反流失效;推力器单独工作在210 m N和80 m N及双模式下工作时的安全裕度分别为1.6、2.6和2.2。展开更多
文摘Aim: Maxillary dental arch widths were evaluated in individuals having unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) cleft lip and palate (CLP) using three-dimensional (3D) digital models. Material and Method: The study had been conducted on 80 individuals aged between 14 - 17 years having UCLP and BCLP. 40 of the individuals had UCLP, whereas 40 had BCLP. The maxillary dental models taken from patients before the treatment were scanned using Orthomodel Programme (v.1.01, Orthomodel Inc., Istanbul, Turkey) to obtain 3D imagery. Student’s t-test was used in order to assess the data obtained by using SPSS software version 22.0. Results: In BCLP, the average inter-canine distance was 17.44 ± 1.31 mm, the average inter-molar distance was 36.57 ± 1.12 mm, while inter-canine/inter-molar ratio was 0.47. Whereas in UCLP, it was 25.10 ± 0.63 mm, 42.20 ± 0.53 mm and 0.59. The inter-canine distance in UCLP was found to be large enough to be statistically significant (p 0.05), even though there were differences in inter-molar widths. Conclusion: For the stable orthodontic treatment results, one of the most important points is arch form and widths to be coherent with each other. In our study, the increase of inter-canine distance seen in UCLP indicates that in the cleft region, the maxillary arch is inclined over to the back, while the same situation in BCLP suggests that the maxillary segments are collapsed inside. The difference in the arch is highly affected by the primary surgical treatment.
文摘LIPS-300离子推力器为兰州空间技术物理研究所自主研制的双模式离子推力器。推力器在轨运行寿命是决定其是否能够满足未来航天使命需求的关键因素之一。根据未来航天任务对LIPS-300离子推力器系统寿命的要求,即采用LIPS-300离子推力器完成所有在轨任务所需要的时间为10 098 h。因此,为了准确预测LIPS-300离子推力器运行过程中其关键部组件单点失效的栅极组件寿命,文中建立了LIPS-300离子推力器栅极组件寿命模型,利用数值仿真计算的方法(PIC/MCC)预测了推力器分别单独工作在210 m N和80 m N时栅极发生失效所对应的寿命,并分析了关键失效模式,同时计算了推力器在大推力210 m N模式下工作6 000 h后,继续在小推力模式80 m N工况下栅极对应的寿命和关键失效模式。另外,分析了不同工况下LIPS-300离子推力器栅极寿命是否满足未来航天使命的寿命需求,即安全裕度。数值结果显示,LIPS-300离子推力器分别单独工作在210 m N和80 m N时,其栅极工作寿命分别为16 064.3、26 633.2 h,安全裕度分别为1.3、2.2,两种情况对应的关键失效失效模式均为电子反流失效;LIPS-300离子推力器在210 m N大推力模式下工作6 000 h后,继续在小推力80 m N下工作,此时对应的寿命约为22 064.3 h,安全裕度为1.8,关键失效模式为电子反流失效;推力器单独工作在210 m N和80 m N及双模式下工作时的安全裕度分别为1.6、2.6和2.2。
