Objective:The aims of this study were to investigate the clinical applicability of 3D segmentation in measuring cochlear anatomical parameters,explore factors that influence the insertion angle of cochlear implant ele...Objective:The aims of this study were to investigate the clinical applicability of 3D segmentation in measuring cochlear anatomical parameters,explore factors that influence the insertion angle of cochlear implant electrodes in patients with inner ear malformations,and determine the value of 3D segmentation in predicting cochlear implant electrode insertion depth by simulating electrode implantation in a reconstructed 3D model.Methods:Data from 208 temporal bone CT scans of patients with a variety of inner ear malformations(including the CH,IP-Ⅰ,IP-Ⅱ,and IP-Ⅲtypes)who underwent cochlear implantation at our center were retrospectively analyzed.Preoperative temporal bone CT data were subjected to three-dimensional(3D)segmentation of the cochlea with a 3D slicer.Results:Cochlear malformation types,including IP typesⅠ(42 ears),Ⅱ(278ears),Ⅲ(20 ears),and CH(65 ears),were diagnosed and measured in 208 preoperative CT datasets.Cochlear anatomical parameters and electrode length were correlated,which partially explained the variations in electrode insertion angle.The mean angle of implantation among the enrolled patients was 564.33°,and the mean implantation angle prediction error in the 3D segmentation was|23.74|°.Conclusion:Three-dimensional segmentation from temporal bone CT is valuable for surgeons,especially in treating patients with inner ear malformation.Such insights will help surgeons understand overall anatomical variations,predict electrode implantation depth,and complete preoperative imaging assessments for cochlear implant insertion depth in patients with inner ear malformations.展开更多
Dear Sir,I am Dr. Xiao-Qiang Liu, from the Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. I write to report a case of malignant hypertensive retin...Dear Sir,I am Dr. Xiao-Qiang Liu, from the Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. I write to report a case of malignant hypertensive retinopathy demonstrated by spectral domain optical coherence展开更多
Diabetic macular edema(DME) is the most common cause of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy,affecting 1 in 15 patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).The disruption of the inner blood-retina barrier(BRB) has been largely ...Diabetic macular edema(DME) is the most common cause of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy,affecting 1 in 15 patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).The disruption of the inner blood-retina barrier(BRB) has been largely investigated and attributed the primary role in the pathogenesis and progression in DME, but there is increasing evidence regarding the role of outer BRB, separating the RPE from the underlying choriocapillaris,in the occurrence and evolution of DME.The development of novel imaging technologies has led to major improvement in the field of in vivo structural analysis of the macula allowing us to delve deeper into the pathogenesis of DME and expanding our vision regarding this condition.In this review we gathered the results of studies that investigated specific outer BRB optical coherence tomography parameters in patients with DM with the aim to outline the current status of its role in the pathogenesis and progression of DME and identify new research pathways contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the understanding of this condition.展开更多
Retinal aging has been recognized as a significant risk factor for various retinal disorders,including diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,and glaucoma,following a growing understanding of the molecu...Retinal aging has been recognized as a significant risk factor for various retinal disorders,including diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,and glaucoma,following a growing understanding of the molecular underpinnings of their development.This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of retinal aging and investigates potential neuroprotective approaches,focusing on the activation of transcription factor EB.Recent meta-analyses have demonstrated promising outcomes of transcription factor EB-targeted strategies,such as exercise,calorie restriction,rapamycin,and metformin,in patients and animal models of these common retinal diseases.The review critically assesses the role of transcription factor EB in retinal biology during aging,its neuroprotective effects,and its therapeutic potential for retinal disorders.The impact of transcription factor EB on retinal aging is cell-specific,influencing metabolic reprogramming and energy homeostasis in retinal neurons through the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and nutrient-sensing pathways.In vascular endothelial cells,transcription factor EB controls important processes,including endothelial cell proliferation,endothelial tube formation,and nitric oxide levels,thereby influencing the inner blood-retinal barrier,angiogenesis,and retinal microvasculature.Additionally,transcription factor EB affects vascular smooth muscle cells,inhibiting vascular calcification and atherogenesis.In retinal pigment epithelial cells,transcription factor EB modulates functions such as autophagy,lysosomal dynamics,and clearance of the aging pigment lipofuscin,thereby promoting photoreceptor survival and regulating vascular endothelial growth factor A expression involved in neovascularization.These cell-specific functions of transcription factor EB significantly impact retinal aging mechanisms encompassing proteostasis,neuronal synapse plasticity,energy metabolism,microvasculature,and inflammation,ultimately offering protection against retinal aging and diseases.The review emphasizes transcription factor EB as a potential therapeutic target for retinal diseases.Therefore,it is imperative to obtain well-controlled direct experimental evidence to confirm the efficacy of transcription factor EB modulation in retinal diseases while minimizing its risk of adverse effects.展开更多
Four coaxial cylinder dielectric barrier discharge micro-plasma reactors were designed for the noncatalytic decomposition of pure CO_(2) into CO and O_(2) at low temperature and ambient pressure.The influence of segme...Four coaxial cylinder dielectric barrier discharge micro-plasma reactors were designed for the noncatalytic decomposition of pure CO_(2) into CO and O_(2) at low temperature and ambient pressure.The influence of segmented outer electrodes on the electrical characteristics and the reaction performance was investigated.Experimental results indicated that the introduction of segmented outer electrodes can significantly promote the decomposition of CO_(2).Encouragingly,the highest conversion of 13.1% was obtained at an applied voltage of 18 kV,which was a substantial increase of 39.4% compared to the traditional device.Compared with other types of dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactors,the proposed segmented outer electrode micro-plasma reactor can give a higher CO_(2) conversion and acceptable energy efficiency.The increase in conversion can be attributed mainly to the enhanced corona discharge caused by the fringe effect at electrode edges,the increase in energy density and the increase in the number of micro-discharges.In addition,detailed electrical characterization was performed to reveal some trends in the electrical behavior of proposed reactors.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2022YFC2402705)National Municipal Natural Science Foundation(grant no.82471161)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(grant no.7244308)。
文摘Objective:The aims of this study were to investigate the clinical applicability of 3D segmentation in measuring cochlear anatomical parameters,explore factors that influence the insertion angle of cochlear implant electrodes in patients with inner ear malformations,and determine the value of 3D segmentation in predicting cochlear implant electrode insertion depth by simulating electrode implantation in a reconstructed 3D model.Methods:Data from 208 temporal bone CT scans of patients with a variety of inner ear malformations(including the CH,IP-Ⅰ,IP-Ⅱ,and IP-Ⅲtypes)who underwent cochlear implantation at our center were retrospectively analyzed.Preoperative temporal bone CT data were subjected to three-dimensional(3D)segmentation of the cochlea with a 3D slicer.Results:Cochlear malformation types,including IP typesⅠ(42 ears),Ⅱ(278ears),Ⅲ(20 ears),and CH(65 ears),were diagnosed and measured in 208 preoperative CT datasets.Cochlear anatomical parameters and electrode length were correlated,which partially explained the variations in electrode insertion angle.The mean angle of implantation among the enrolled patients was 564.33°,and the mean implantation angle prediction error in the 3D segmentation was|23.74|°.Conclusion:Three-dimensional segmentation from temporal bone CT is valuable for surgeons,especially in treating patients with inner ear malformation.Such insights will help surgeons understand overall anatomical variations,predict electrode implantation depth,and complete preoperative imaging assessments for cochlear implant insertion depth in patients with inner ear malformations.
文摘Dear Sir,I am Dr. Xiao-Qiang Liu, from the Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. I write to report a case of malignant hypertensive retinopathy demonstrated by spectral domain optical coherence
文摘Diabetic macular edema(DME) is the most common cause of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy,affecting 1 in 15 patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).The disruption of the inner blood-retina barrier(BRB) has been largely investigated and attributed the primary role in the pathogenesis and progression in DME, but there is increasing evidence regarding the role of outer BRB, separating the RPE from the underlying choriocapillaris,in the occurrence and evolution of DME.The development of novel imaging technologies has led to major improvement in the field of in vivo structural analysis of the macula allowing us to delve deeper into the pathogenesis of DME and expanding our vision regarding this condition.In this review we gathered the results of studies that investigated specific outer BRB optical coherence tomography parameters in patients with DM with the aim to outline the current status of its role in the pathogenesis and progression of DME and identify new research pathways contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the understanding of this condition.
基金supported by the Start-up Fund for new faculty from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(PolyU)(A0043215)(to SA)the General Research Fund and Research Impact Fund from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(15106018,R5032-18)(to DYT)+1 种基金the Research Center for SHARP Vision in PolyU(P0045843)(to SA)the InnoHK scheme from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government(to DYT).
文摘Retinal aging has been recognized as a significant risk factor for various retinal disorders,including diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,and glaucoma,following a growing understanding of the molecular underpinnings of their development.This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of retinal aging and investigates potential neuroprotective approaches,focusing on the activation of transcription factor EB.Recent meta-analyses have demonstrated promising outcomes of transcription factor EB-targeted strategies,such as exercise,calorie restriction,rapamycin,and metformin,in patients and animal models of these common retinal diseases.The review critically assesses the role of transcription factor EB in retinal biology during aging,its neuroprotective effects,and its therapeutic potential for retinal disorders.The impact of transcription factor EB on retinal aging is cell-specific,influencing metabolic reprogramming and energy homeostasis in retinal neurons through the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and nutrient-sensing pathways.In vascular endothelial cells,transcription factor EB controls important processes,including endothelial cell proliferation,endothelial tube formation,and nitric oxide levels,thereby influencing the inner blood-retinal barrier,angiogenesis,and retinal microvasculature.Additionally,transcription factor EB affects vascular smooth muscle cells,inhibiting vascular calcification and atherogenesis.In retinal pigment epithelial cells,transcription factor EB modulates functions such as autophagy,lysosomal dynamics,and clearance of the aging pigment lipofuscin,thereby promoting photoreceptor survival and regulating vascular endothelial growth factor A expression involved in neovascularization.These cell-specific functions of transcription factor EB significantly impact retinal aging mechanisms encompassing proteostasis,neuronal synapse plasticity,energy metabolism,microvasculature,and inflammation,ultimately offering protection against retinal aging and diseases.The review emphasizes transcription factor EB as a potential therapeutic target for retinal diseases.Therefore,it is imperative to obtain well-controlled direct experimental evidence to confirm the efficacy of transcription factor EB modulation in retinal diseases while minimizing its risk of adverse effects.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB0600701).
文摘Four coaxial cylinder dielectric barrier discharge micro-plasma reactors were designed for the noncatalytic decomposition of pure CO_(2) into CO and O_(2) at low temperature and ambient pressure.The influence of segmented outer electrodes on the electrical characteristics and the reaction performance was investigated.Experimental results indicated that the introduction of segmented outer electrodes can significantly promote the decomposition of CO_(2).Encouragingly,the highest conversion of 13.1% was obtained at an applied voltage of 18 kV,which was a substantial increase of 39.4% compared to the traditional device.Compared with other types of dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactors,the proposed segmented outer electrode micro-plasma reactor can give a higher CO_(2) conversion and acceptable energy efficiency.The increase in conversion can be attributed mainly to the enhanced corona discharge caused by the fringe effect at electrode edges,the increase in energy density and the increase in the number of micro-discharges.In addition,detailed electrical characterization was performed to reveal some trends in the electrical behavior of proposed reactors.
