The paperfocuses on an analysis of the results of long-term monitoring of the concentrations of 137Cs, 90Sr and 3H in hydrosphere in the vicinity of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant (Temelín plant). The radionucl...The paperfocuses on an analysis of the results of long-term monitoring of the concentrations of 137Cs, 90Sr and 3H in hydrosphere in the vicinity of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant (Temelín plant). The radionuclides were monitored in surface water, river sediments, aquatic flora and fish species. The main objective of the study was to analyze and integrate all of the knowledge on concentrations and behaviour of these radionuclides, which originate mainly from residual contamination, in order to assess the impacts of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant on hydrosphere in these indicators during its standard operation and possible accidents. The radionuclides were analyzed in terms of spatial and temporal variability in their concentrations and their inflows and outflows, mainly into and from Orlík Reservoir. The analysis included standard radioecological characteristics, which were applicable for assessing long-term development and behavior of radionuclides in the environment affected by their possible accidental releases on the territory of the Czech Republic or outside this territory. For all of the components of the environment, the concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr which were used for calculation of their effective and ecological half-time, were decreasing. For 137Cs in surface water and fish, the rates of the decrease in the first and second monitoring period were different. The rate of the decrease in 90Sr concentration was invariable. The results of the monitoring showed that 86% of suspended solids and 62% of 137Cs inflowing into Orlík Reservoir accumulated in the reservoir while accumulation of 90Sr was not substantiated. Outflows of 137Cs and 90Sr activities were assessed in relation to their concentrations that were accumulated in individual basins until 1986 consequently to Chernobyl accident and tests of atmospheric nuclear weapons. The results for the whole area of the Vltava, Luznice and Otava River basins upstream from the Vltava River at Solenice showed that during the period 1986-2013 only 0.49% of 137Cs activity and 3.6% of 90Sr activity that accumulated in the basins were washed and flowed out from the area. Distribution coefficients derived from summary analysis of sediments and concentration factors for biota were calculated. Concentrations of 3H in river sites not affected by Temelín plant were slowly decreasing and their values were substantially below those from the sites affected by the plant.展开更多
回复电压法(recovery voltage method,RVM)是诊断油纸绝缘复合电介质绝缘状态的无损方法。采用回复电压测试装置对不同的初始微水质量分数和老化程度的油纸绝缘试样进行测量,得到回复电压曲线的各个特征参量值:回复电压最大值、初始斜...回复电压法(recovery voltage method,RVM)是诊断油纸绝缘复合电介质绝缘状态的无损方法。采用回复电压测试装置对不同的初始微水质量分数和老化程度的油纸绝缘试样进行测量,得到回复电压曲线的各个特征参量值:回复电压最大值、初始斜率和中心时间常数;为了更全面地反映油纸绝缘的老化状态,首次定义了一个新的参量:回复电压半衰期,即回复电压值在衰减到回复电压最大值一半的时刻。研究结果表明:在不同的充电电压和充放电时间比下,回复电压最大值、中心时间常数、初始斜率均与绝缘纸聚合度有良好的线性相关性。对于同一绝缘纸试样,回复电压最大值与充电电压以及充放电时间比均为正相关关系,充放电时间比对回复电压最大值的影响更显著;充放电时间比和充电电压对中心时间常数的影响不显著,中心时间常数不易受外部测试条件改变的影响,可较准确反映绝缘试样的老化状态;初始斜率随着充放电时间比的升高而增大,但受到充电电压的影响较小。回复电压半衰期随着充放电时间比的增大而升高,是反映回复电压曲线后期特性的良好特征参量,可反映油纸绝缘慢去极化过程。展开更多
基金support of the project Czech Electric Company No.90002551
文摘The paperfocuses on an analysis of the results of long-term monitoring of the concentrations of 137Cs, 90Sr and 3H in hydrosphere in the vicinity of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant (Temelín plant). The radionuclides were monitored in surface water, river sediments, aquatic flora and fish species. The main objective of the study was to analyze and integrate all of the knowledge on concentrations and behaviour of these radionuclides, which originate mainly from residual contamination, in order to assess the impacts of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant on hydrosphere in these indicators during its standard operation and possible accidents. The radionuclides were analyzed in terms of spatial and temporal variability in their concentrations and their inflows and outflows, mainly into and from Orlík Reservoir. The analysis included standard radioecological characteristics, which were applicable for assessing long-term development and behavior of radionuclides in the environment affected by their possible accidental releases on the territory of the Czech Republic or outside this territory. For all of the components of the environment, the concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr which were used for calculation of their effective and ecological half-time, were decreasing. For 137Cs in surface water and fish, the rates of the decrease in the first and second monitoring period were different. The rate of the decrease in 90Sr concentration was invariable. The results of the monitoring showed that 86% of suspended solids and 62% of 137Cs inflowing into Orlík Reservoir accumulated in the reservoir while accumulation of 90Sr was not substantiated. Outflows of 137Cs and 90Sr activities were assessed in relation to their concentrations that were accumulated in individual basins until 1986 consequently to Chernobyl accident and tests of atmospheric nuclear weapons. The results for the whole area of the Vltava, Luznice and Otava River basins upstream from the Vltava River at Solenice showed that during the period 1986-2013 only 0.49% of 137Cs activity and 3.6% of 90Sr activity that accumulated in the basins were washed and flowed out from the area. Distribution coefficients derived from summary analysis of sediments and concentration factors for biota were calculated. Concentrations of 3H in river sites not affected by Temelín plant were slowly decreasing and their values were substantially below those from the sites affected by the plant.
文摘回复电压法(recovery voltage method,RVM)是诊断油纸绝缘复合电介质绝缘状态的无损方法。采用回复电压测试装置对不同的初始微水质量分数和老化程度的油纸绝缘试样进行测量,得到回复电压曲线的各个特征参量值:回复电压最大值、初始斜率和中心时间常数;为了更全面地反映油纸绝缘的老化状态,首次定义了一个新的参量:回复电压半衰期,即回复电压值在衰减到回复电压最大值一半的时刻。研究结果表明:在不同的充电电压和充放电时间比下,回复电压最大值、中心时间常数、初始斜率均与绝缘纸聚合度有良好的线性相关性。对于同一绝缘纸试样,回复电压最大值与充电电压以及充放电时间比均为正相关关系,充放电时间比对回复电压最大值的影响更显著;充放电时间比和充电电压对中心时间常数的影响不显著,中心时间常数不易受外部测试条件改变的影响,可较准确反映绝缘试样的老化状态;初始斜率随着充放电时间比的升高而增大,但受到充电电压的影响较小。回复电压半衰期随着充放电时间比的增大而升高,是反映回复电压曲线后期特性的良好特征参量,可反映油纸绝缘慢去极化过程。
