BACKGROUND The extensor indicis proprius(EIP)tendon is a frequently used donor for a variety of tendon transfers,most commonly for reconstruction of the extensor pollicis longus(EPL).EIP is known to have frequent anat...BACKGROUND The extensor indicis proprius(EIP)tendon is a frequently used donor for a variety of tendon transfers,most commonly for reconstruction of the extensor pollicis longus(EPL).EIP is known to have frequent anatomic variants including split tendons and variations in tendon arrangement.AIM To characterize the anatomy of the EIP at the level of the extensor retinaculum,where tendon harvest is often performed,and share our preferred technique for EIP to EPL transfer.METHODS Twenty-nine fresh-frozen cadaveric forearms without history of forearm or hand injury or surgery were dissected.Tendon circumference and relationship of the EIP and extensor digitorum communis to the index(EDCI)at the metacarpophalangeal(MCP)joint and the distal extensor retinaculum were recorded.Distance from the distal extensor retinaculum to the EIP myotendinous junction was measured.RESULTS EIP was ulnar to the EDCI in 96.5%of specimens(28/29)at the distal edge of the extensor retinaculum.In the remaining specimen,EIP was volar to EDCI.Tendon circumference at the distal extensor retinaculum averaged(9.3 mm±1.7 mm)for EDCI and 11.1 mm(±2.7 mm)for EIP(P=0.0010).The tendon circumference at the index MCP joint averaged 11.0 mm(±1.7 mm)for EDCI and 10.6 mm(±2.1 mm)for EIP(P=0.33).EIP had a greater circumference in 76%(22/29)of specimens at the distal extensor retinaculum whereas EIP had a greater circumference in only 31%(9/29)of specimens at the MCP joint.CONCLUSION The EIP tendon is frequently ulnar to and greater in circumference than the EDCI at the distal extensor retinaculum,which can be taken into consideration for tendon transfers involving EIP.展开更多
Background： Single-fiber electromyography （SFEMG） abnormality in the extensor digitorum communis （EDC） was reported in ocular myasthenia gravis （OMG）, which indicated subclinical involvement beyond extraocular ...Background： Single-fiber electromyography （SFEMG） abnormality in the extensor digitorum communis （EDC） was reported in ocular myasthenia gravis （OMG）, which indicated subclinical involvement beyond extraocular muscles in OMG patients. The relationship between the abnormal findings of SFEMG in EDC and the probability for OMG to develop generalized myasthenia gravis （GMG） is unknown, This retrospective study aimed to determine the predictive value of abnormality of SFEMG in EDC of OMG patients. Methods： One-hundred and two OMG patients underwent standard clinical diagnosis process and SFEMG test in EDC muscle when diagnosed and were clinically followed up for 5 years. The SFEMG data were compared between different clinical groups according to thymus status, onset age, and different outcome of OMG developing. Chances of progressing to GMG were compared between two different groups according to SFEMG and repetitive nerve stimulation （RNS） results, acetylcholine receptor antibody （AchRAb） titer, thymus status, and onset age. Results： Abnormal SFEMG results were observed in 84 （82.4%） patients. The mean jitter, percentage of jitter 〉55 Its （%）, and blocking were higher in OMG patients than in healthy volunteers. There were no statistical differences in jitter analysis between thymoma group and non-thymoma group （P = 0.65）, or between the later OMG group and the later GMG group （P = 0.31）, including mean jitter, percentage of jitter 〉55 Its （%）, and blocking. Elderly group （〉45 years old） had a higher mean jitter than younger group （t = 2.235, P = 0.028）. Total 55 OMG developed GMG, including 47 in abnormal SFEMG group while 8 in normal SFEMG group. There was no statistical difference in the conversion rates between the two groups （x^2 = 0.790, P = 0.140）. RNS abnormality, AchRab titer, or onset age had no correlation with OMG prognosis （P = 0.150, 0.070, 0.120, respectively） while thymoma did （x^2 = 0.510, P = 0.020）. Conclusion： SFEMG test in the EDC showed high abnormality in OMG, suggesting subclinical involvement other than extraocular muscles. Nevertheless, the abnormal jitter analysis did not predict the prognosis of OMG according to clinical follow-up.展开更多
目的:观察黄芪提取物(extract of Astragalus,EA)经灌胃和离体孵育后对小鼠骨骼肌疲劳和恢复过程中张力的影响。方法:1)动物经黄芪提取物灌胃给药7天后,分离趾长伸肌(EDL)和比目鱼肌(Soleus),采用低频电刺激造成骨骼肌疲劳,观察疲劳和...目的:观察黄芪提取物(extract of Astragalus,EA)经灌胃和离体孵育后对小鼠骨骼肌疲劳和恢复过程中张力的影响。方法:1)动物经黄芪提取物灌胃给药7天后,分离趾长伸肌(EDL)和比目鱼肌(Soleus),采用低频电刺激造成骨骼肌疲劳,观察疲劳和恢复过程中张力的变化。2)分离正常动物骨骼肌后,通过黄芪提取物直接孵育30min,采用低频电刺激造成骨骼肌疲劳,观察疲劳和恢复过程中张力的变化。结果:黄芪提取物对离体电刺激造成的骨骼肌疲劳过程无明显影响,而对疲劳后恢复有明显的促进作用。在恢复过程中,黄芪提取物对比目鱼肌张力的恢复无明显影响,但可以显著加快趾长伸肌疲劳后张力的恢复。结论:黄芪可以加快离体电刺激造成的疲劳后趾长伸肌张力的恢复。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The extensor indicis proprius(EIP)tendon is a frequently used donor for a variety of tendon transfers,most commonly for reconstruction of the extensor pollicis longus(EPL).EIP is known to have frequent anatomic variants including split tendons and variations in tendon arrangement.AIM To characterize the anatomy of the EIP at the level of the extensor retinaculum,where tendon harvest is often performed,and share our preferred technique for EIP to EPL transfer.METHODS Twenty-nine fresh-frozen cadaveric forearms without history of forearm or hand injury or surgery were dissected.Tendon circumference and relationship of the EIP and extensor digitorum communis to the index(EDCI)at the metacarpophalangeal(MCP)joint and the distal extensor retinaculum were recorded.Distance from the distal extensor retinaculum to the EIP myotendinous junction was measured.RESULTS EIP was ulnar to the EDCI in 96.5%of specimens(28/29)at the distal edge of the extensor retinaculum.In the remaining specimen,EIP was volar to EDCI.Tendon circumference at the distal extensor retinaculum averaged(9.3 mm±1.7 mm)for EDCI and 11.1 mm(±2.7 mm)for EIP(P=0.0010).The tendon circumference at the index MCP joint averaged 11.0 mm(±1.7 mm)for EDCI and 10.6 mm(±2.1 mm)for EIP(P=0.33).EIP had a greater circumference in 76%(22/29)of specimens at the distal extensor retinaculum whereas EIP had a greater circumference in only 31%(9/29)of specimens at the MCP joint.CONCLUSION The EIP tendon is frequently ulnar to and greater in circumference than the EDCI at the distal extensor retinaculum,which can be taken into consideration for tendon transfers involving EIP.
文摘Background： Single-fiber electromyography （SFEMG） abnormality in the extensor digitorum communis （EDC） was reported in ocular myasthenia gravis （OMG）, which indicated subclinical involvement beyond extraocular muscles in OMG patients. The relationship between the abnormal findings of SFEMG in EDC and the probability for OMG to develop generalized myasthenia gravis （GMG） is unknown, This retrospective study aimed to determine the predictive value of abnormality of SFEMG in EDC of OMG patients. Methods： One-hundred and two OMG patients underwent standard clinical diagnosis process and SFEMG test in EDC muscle when diagnosed and were clinically followed up for 5 years. The SFEMG data were compared between different clinical groups according to thymus status, onset age, and different outcome of OMG developing. Chances of progressing to GMG were compared between two different groups according to SFEMG and repetitive nerve stimulation （RNS） results, acetylcholine receptor antibody （AchRAb） titer, thymus status, and onset age. Results： Abnormal SFEMG results were observed in 84 （82.4%） patients. The mean jitter, percentage of jitter 〉55 Its （%）, and blocking were higher in OMG patients than in healthy volunteers. There were no statistical differences in jitter analysis between thymoma group and non-thymoma group （P = 0.65）, or between the later OMG group and the later GMG group （P = 0.31）, including mean jitter, percentage of jitter 〉55 Its （%）, and blocking. Elderly group （〉45 years old） had a higher mean jitter than younger group （t = 2.235, P = 0.028）. Total 55 OMG developed GMG, including 47 in abnormal SFEMG group while 8 in normal SFEMG group. There was no statistical difference in the conversion rates between the two groups （x^2 = 0.790, P = 0.140）. RNS abnormality, AchRab titer, or onset age had no correlation with OMG prognosis （P = 0.150, 0.070, 0.120, respectively） while thymoma did （x^2 = 0.510, P = 0.020）. Conclusion： SFEMG test in the EDC showed high abnormality in OMG, suggesting subclinical involvement other than extraocular muscles. Nevertheless, the abnormal jitter analysis did not predict the prognosis of OMG according to clinical follow-up.
文摘目的:观察黄芪提取物(extract of Astragalus,EA)经灌胃和离体孵育后对小鼠骨骼肌疲劳和恢复过程中张力的影响。方法:1)动物经黄芪提取物灌胃给药7天后,分离趾长伸肌(EDL)和比目鱼肌(Soleus),采用低频电刺激造成骨骼肌疲劳,观察疲劳和恢复过程中张力的变化。2)分离正常动物骨骼肌后,通过黄芪提取物直接孵育30min,采用低频电刺激造成骨骼肌疲劳,观察疲劳和恢复过程中张力的变化。结果:黄芪提取物对离体电刺激造成的骨骼肌疲劳过程无明显影响,而对疲劳后恢复有明显的促进作用。在恢复过程中,黄芪提取物对比目鱼肌张力的恢复无明显影响,但可以显著加快趾长伸肌疲劳后张力的恢复。结论:黄芪可以加快离体电刺激造成的疲劳后趾长伸肌张力的恢复。
