Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have emerged as a promising form of regenerative and immunomodulatory therapy;indeed,micro(mi)RNAs contained within mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesi...Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have emerged as a promising form of regenerative and immunomodulatory therapy;indeed,micro(mi)RNAs contained within mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulate target gene expression and impact disease-associated pathways.Chronic alcohol consumption leads to neuroinflammation,brain damage,and impaired cognition.Evidence indicates that females are more vulnerable to alcohol-induced damage than males.While mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have been studied in various neuroinflammatory conditions,their potential to counteract alcohol-induced brain damage remains unclear.In this study,we investigated whether repeated intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles could ameliorate neuroinflammation and behavioral impairment induced by chronic alcohol consumption in female mice.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles diminished the increased binding of a micro-positron emission tomography tracer(^(18)F-FDG)when analyzing whole-brain 3D images and brain coronal sections of ethanol-treated mice.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle administration protected against ethanol-induced proinflammatory gene upregulation,cognitive dysfunction,and the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine.MiRNA sequencing data from mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles revealed the elevated expression of extracellular vesicle-derived miR-483-5p and miR-140-3p in the brains of ethanol-treated female mice following mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle administration.In addition,mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory-related miRNA target genes(e.g.,Socs3,Tnf,Mtor,and Atf6)in the brains of ethanol-treated female mice.These results suggest that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles could function as a neuroprotective therapy to ameliorate the neuroinflammation,cognitive dysfunction,and conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine associated with chronic alcohol consumption.展开更多
The three-dimensional(3D) Pd-based nanoflower structures,assembled from two-dimensional(2D)nanosheets,are characterized by their stable and ordered configurations.These structures have been extensively designed as ano...The three-dimensional(3D) Pd-based nanoflower structures,assembled from two-dimensional(2D)nanosheets,are characterized by their stable and ordered configurations.These structures have been extensively designed as anode materials for fuel cells.However,the exploration of trimetallic nanoflowers with porous architectures remains limited.In this study,we present a straightforward one-step solvothermal method for the synthesis of trimetallic Pd Cu Ni porous nanoflowers(PNFs).Leveraging several unique advantages,such as an open superstructure,high porosity,and enhanced electronic interactions among the trimetals,the resulting Pd Cu Ni PNFs demonstrate significantly improved electrochemical performance,with mass activities reaching 5.94 and 10.14 A/mg for the ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)and the ethylene glycol oxidation reaction(EGOR),respectively.Furthermore,the Pd Cu Ni PNFs exhibit optimized d-band centers and the most negative onset oxidation potential,indicating enhanced antitoxicity and stability.This study not only provides a novel perspective on the synthesis of 3D porous nanomaterials but also highlights the potential application value of trimetallic nanoalloys in catalysis.展开更多
The hydrogenation of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))to ethanol(EtOH)represents a promising strategy for carbon resource utilization.This progress advances the fields of green chemistry and renewable energy technologies.However...The hydrogenation of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))to ethanol(EtOH)represents a promising strategy for carbon resource utilization.This progress advances the fields of green chemistry and renewable energy technologies.However,its practical implementation remains hindered by challenges in catalyst development,reaction mechanism elucidation,and industrial scalability.The reaction pathway for CO_(2)hydrogenation to EtOH is intricate,involving C–O bond activation and C–C coupling,with its thermodynamic and kinetic properties strongly influenced by temperature,pressure,and catalyst structure.Briefly,CO_(2)conversion rate and EtOH selectivity are significantly enhanced by optimizing catalyst active sites,incorporating promoters and selecting appropriate supports.In recent years,multifunctional catalysts have emerged as research hotspots due to their facile structural design and superior catalytic performance.Here,it reviews the reaction mechanisms,catalyst design principles,and optimization strategies for CO_(2)hydrogenation to EtOH in the continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor with a particular emphasis on the roles of noble metals(e.g.,Rh)and transition metals(e.g.,Co,Cu)in this reaction.Future investigations should focus on deepening the mechanistic understanding of the reaction,developing efficient and stable catalysts,and optimizing the reaction conditions to enable the industrial-scale application of CO_(2)hydrogenation to EtOH in the continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor,thereby advancing green chemistry and sustainable development.展开更多
Amorphous materials represent a promising platform for advancing CO_(2)electrochemical reduction due to their inherently diverse coordination environments.In this study,we demonstrate computationally the superior perf...Amorphous materials represent a promising platform for advancing CO_(2)electrochemical reduction due to their inherently diverse coordination environments.In this study,we demonstrate computationally the superior performance of amorphous CuNi alloys for CO_(2)electrochemical reduction.By integrating machine learning forcefields for efficient structure generation and density functional theory for subsequent structural refinement and property calculations,we reveal the potential of these disordered systems to outperform their crystalline counterparts.Machine learning forcefields can generate a bulk structure containing a mixture of Cu and Ni atoms,resulting in enhanced catalytic performance.Effective screening of the amorphous surfaces is used to identify undercoordinated Cu and Ni sites in the amorphous structure to synergistically promote selective CO production and favor ethanol formation over ethylene via the stabilization of the*COCHO intermediate,resulting in significantly lower Gibbs free energy changes compared to the crystalline counterpart.The varying atomic coordination environments on amorphous surfaces promote both C–C bond formation and subsequent proton-electron transfer,leading to ethanol formation.These findings demonstrate the superior catalytic performance of amorphous CuNi,highlighting its potential for efficient and selective electroreduction of CO_(2).展开更多
Molybdenum carbide has shown great potential in various hydrogenation reactions,and serves as a primary active species for synthesis of ethanol from dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation process which is a crucial step in th...Molybdenum carbide has shown great potential in various hydrogenation reactions,and serves as a primary active species for synthesis of ethanol from dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation process which is a crucial step in the efficient utilization of coal resources.In this study,a molybdenum carbide catalyst with a three-dimensional mesh-like hollow structure and lattice defects was carefully designed.The MoO_(3)precursor with abundant oxygen vacancies and defects was prepared by flame spray pyrolysis,and a structural modifier,Cu,was introduced by sputtering.The Cu deposited by sputtering affected the carburization and phase evolution processes.A three-dimensional mesh-like hollow structure composed of defective molybdenum carbide is formed,with theβ-Mo_(2)C exhibiting lattice distortions and defects.This defectiveβ-Mo_(2)C exhibits high reactivity,and facilitates the C=O hydrogenation process,showing a high reactivity of 83.1%yield in the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate.This work provides a new approach to the design and application of molybdenum carbide catalysts.展开更多
Alloying and interface effects are effective strategies for enhancing the performance of electrocatalysts in energy-related devices.Herein,dendritic Au-doped platinum-palladium alloy/dumbbell-like bismuth telluride he...Alloying and interface effects are effective strategies for enhancing the performance of electrocatalysts in energy-related devices.Herein,dendritic Au-doped platinum-palladium alloy/dumbbell-like bismuth telluride heterostructures(denoted PtPdAu/BiTe)were synthesized using a visible-light-assisted strategy.The coupling alloy and interfacial effects of PtPdAu/BiTe significantly improved the performance and stability of both the ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)and methanol oxidation reaction(MOR).Introducing a small amount of Au effectively enhanced the CO tolerance of PtPdAu/BiTe compared to dendritic platinum-palladium alloy/dumbbell-like bismuth telluride heterostructures.PtPdAu/BiTe exhibited mass activities of 31.5 and 13.3 A·mg_(Pt)^(-1)in EOR and MOR,respectively,which were 34.4 and 13.2 times higher than those of commercial Pt black,revealing efficient Pt atom utilization.In-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated complete 12e^(-)and 6e^(-)oxidation of ethanol and methanol on PtPdAu/BiTe.The PtPdAu/BiTe/C achieved mass peak power densities of 131 and 156 mW·mg_(Pt)^(-1),which were 2.4 and 2.2 times higher than those of Pt/C in practical direct ethanol fuel cell(DEFC)and direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC),respectively,highlighting their potential application in DEFC and DMFC.This study introduces an effective strategy for designing efficient and highly CO tolerant anodic electrocatalysts for practical DEFC and DMFC applications.展开更多
Methane(CH4),the predominant component of natural gas and shale gas,is regarded as a promising carbon feedstock for chemical synthesis[1].However,considering the extreme stability of CH4 molecules,it's quite chall...Methane(CH4),the predominant component of natural gas and shale gas,is regarded as a promising carbon feedstock for chemical synthesis[1].However,considering the extreme stability of CH4 molecules,it's quite challenging in simultaneously achieving high activity and selectivity for target products under mild conditions,especially when synthesizing high-value C2t chemicals such as ethanol[2].The conversion of methane to ethanol by photocatalysis is promising for achieving transformation under ambient temperature and pressure conditions.Currently,the apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of solar-driven methane-to-ethanol conversion is generally below 0.5%[3,4].Furthermore,the stability of photocatalysts remains inadequate,offering substantial potential for further improvement.展开更多
The pursuit of alternative fuel generation technologies has gained momentum due to the diminishing reserves of fossil fuels and global warming from increased CO_(2)emission.Among the proposed methods,the hydrogenation...The pursuit of alternative fuel generation technologies has gained momentum due to the diminishing reserves of fossil fuels and global warming from increased CO_(2)emission.Among the proposed methods,the hydrogenation of CO_(2)to produce marketable carbon-based products like methanol and ethanol is a practical approach that offers great potential to reduce CO_(2)emissions.Although significant volumes of methanol are currently produced from CO_(2),developing highly efficient and stable catalysts is crucial for further enhancing conversion and selectivity,thereby reducing process costs.An in-depth examination of the differences and similarities in the reaction pathways for methanol and ethanol production highlights the key factors that drive C-C coupling.Identifying these factors guides us toward developing more effective catalysts for ethanol synthesis.In this paper,we explore how different catalysts,through the production of various intermediates,can initiate the synthesis of methanol or ethanol.The catalytic mechanisms proposed by spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations,including operando X-ray methods,FTIR analysis,and DFT calculations,are summarized and presented.The following discussion explores the structural properties and composition of catalysts that influence C-C coupling and optimize the conversion rate of CO_(2)into ethanol.Lastly,the review examines recent catalysts employed for selective methanol and ethanol production,focusing on single-atom catalysts.展开更多
Our previous studies have reported that activation of the NLRP3(NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3)-inflammasome complex in ethanol-treated astrocytes and chronic alcohol-fed mice could be associated with ...Our previous studies have reported that activation of the NLRP3(NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3)-inflammasome complex in ethanol-treated astrocytes and chronic alcohol-fed mice could be associated with neuroinflammation and brain damage.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles(MSC-EVs)have been shown to restore the neuroinflammatory response,along with myelin and synaptic structural alterations in the prefrontal cortex,and alleviate cognitive and memory dysfunctions induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent mice.Considering the therapeutic role of the molecules contained in mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles,the present study analyzed whether the administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles isolated from adipose tissue,which inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome,was capable of reducing hippocampal neuroinflammation in adolescent mice treated with binge drinking.We demonstrated that the administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorated the activation of the hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome complex and other NLRs inflammasomes(e.g.,pyrin domain-containing 1,caspase recruitment domain-containing 4,and absent in melanoma 2,as well as the alterations in inflammatory genes(interleukin-1β,interleukin-18,inducible nitric oxide synthase,nuclear factor-kappa B,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and C–X3–C motif chemokine ligand 1)and miRNAs(miR-21a-5p,miR-146a-5p,and miR-141-5p)induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent mice.Bioinformatic analysis further revealed the involvement of miR-21a-5p and miR-146a-5p with inflammatory target genes and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways.Taken together,these findings provide novel evidence of the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived EVs to ameliorate the hippocampal neuroinflammatory response associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by binge drinking in adolescence.展开更多
Direct ethanol fuel cells(DEFCs)are a promising alternative to conventional energy sources,offering high energy density,environmental sustainability,and operational safety.Compared to methanol fuel cells,DEFCs exhibit...Direct ethanol fuel cells(DEFCs)are a promising alternative to conventional energy sources,offering high energy density,environmental sustainability,and operational safety.Compared to methanol fuel cells,DEFCs exhibit lower toxicity and a more mature preparation process.Unlike hydrogen fuel cells,DEFCs provide superior storage and transport feasibility,as well as cost-effectiveness,significantly enhancing their commercial viability.However,the stable C-C bond in ethanol creates a high activation energy barrier,often resulting in incomplete electrooxidation.Current commercial platinum(Pt)-and palladium(Pd)-based catalysts demonstrate low C-C bond cleavage efficiency(<7.5%),severely limiting DEFC energy output and power density.Furthermore,high catalyst costs and insufficient activity impede large-scale commercialization.Recent advances in DEFC anode catalyst design have focused on optimizing material composition and elucidating catalytic mechanisms.This review systematically examines developments in ethanol electrooxidation catalysts over the past five years,highlighting strategies to improve C1 pathway selectivity and C-C bond activation.Key approaches,such as alloying,nanostructure engineering,and interfacial synergy effects,are discussed alongside their mechanistic implications.Finally,we outline current challenges and future prospects for DEFC commercialization.展开更多
Background:Despite the efficacy of absolute ethanol(EtOH),its radiolucency introduces several risks in interventional therapy for treating vascular malformations.This study aims to develop a novel radiopaque ethanol i...Background:Despite the efficacy of absolute ethanol(EtOH),its radiolucency introduces several risks in interventional therapy for treating vascular malformations.This study aims to develop a novel radiopaque ethanol injection(REI)to address this issue.Methods:Iopromide is mixed with ethanol to achieve radiopacity and improve the physicochemical properties of the solution.Overall,82 male New Zealand white rabbits are selected for in vivo radiopacity testing,peripheral vein sclerosis[animals were divided into the following 5 groups(n=6):negative control(NC,saline,0.250 ml/kg),positive control(EtOH,0.250 ml/kg),low-dose REI(L-D REI,0.125 ml/kg),moderate-dose REI(M-D REI,0.250 ml/kg),and highdose REI(H-D REI 0.375 ml/kg)],pharmacokinetic analyses(the blood sample was harvested before injection,5 min,10 min,20 min,40 min,1 h,2 h,4 h,and 8 h after injection in peripheral vein sclerosis experiment),peripheral artery embolization[animals were divided into the following 5 groups(n=3):NC(saline,0.250 ml/kg),positive control(EtOH,0.250 ml/kg),L-D REI(0.125 ml/kg),M-D REI(0.250 ml/kg),and H-D REI(0.375 ml/kg)],kidney transcatheter arterial embolization[animals were divided into the following 4 groups(n=3):positive control(EtOH,0.250 ml/kg),L-D REI(0.125 ml/kg),M-D REI(0.250 ml/kg),and H-D REI(0.375 ml/kg);each healthy kidney was injected with saline as negative control],and biosafety evaluations[animals were divided into the following 5 groups(n=3):NC(0.250 ml/kg),high-dose EtOH(0.375 ml/kg),L-D REI(0.125 ml/kg),M-D REI(0.250 ml/kg),and H-D REI(0.375 ml/kg)].Then,a prospective cohort study involving 6 patients with peripheral venous malformations(VMs)is performed to explore the clinical safety and effectiveness of REI.From Jun 1,2023 to August 31,2023,6 patients[age:(33.3±17.2)years]with lingual VMs received sclerotherapy of REI and 2-month follow-up.Adverse events and serious adverse events were evaluated,whereas the efficacy of REI was determined by both the traceability of the REI under DSA throughout the entire injection and the therapeutic effect 2 months after a single injection.Results:The REI contains 81.4%ethanol(v/v)and 111.3 mg/ml iodine,which can be traced throughout the injection in the animals and patients.The REI also exerts a similar effect as EtOH on peripheral venous sclerosis,peripheral arterial embolization,and renal embolization.Furthermore,the REI can be metabolized at a similar rate compared to EtOH and Ultravist^(®)and did not cause injury to the animals’heart,liver,spleen,lungs,kidneys and brain.No REIrelated adverse effects have occurred during sclerotherapy of VMs,and 4/6 patients(66.7%)have achieved complete response at follow-up.Conclusion:In conclusion,REI is safe,exerts therapeutic effects,and compensates for the radiolucency of EtOH in treating VMs.Trial registration:The clinical trial was registered as No.ChiCTR2300071751 on May 242023.展开更多
Highly active and stable electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)are critical for the widespread adoption of direct ethanol fuel cells(DEFCs).However,the low efficiency of C–C bond cleavage of commercial ...Highly active and stable electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)are critical for the widespread adoption of direct ethanol fuel cells(DEFCs).However,the low efficiency of C–C bond cleavage of commercial electrocatalysts not only leads to incomplete ethanol oxidation but also results in the accumulation of poisoning CO species.In this work,silver-platinum hollow nanocubes(AgPt hNCs)are designed and synthesized to achieve high selectivity for the complete 12-electron EOR in an alkaline electrolyte.AgPt h NCs demonstrate a Faradaic efficiency of up to 88.2%at the potential of 0.70 V for the C1 pathway and exhibit a 6.3-fold EOR mass activity than commercial Pt black at the potential of 0.81 V.Moreover,the oxyphilic nature of Ag imparts exceptional long-term stability to AgPt h NCs.Theoretical calculations reveal that the electronic interaction between Pt and Ag effectively modifies the d-band properties of surface Pt atoms,thereby optimizing the adsorption behavior of key intermediates,promoting the dehydrogenation of CH_(3)CO^(*)to CH_(2)CO^(*),and facilitating C–C bond cleavage.The present work provides both theoretical and experimental insights into the utilization of Ag-based alloy catalysts for highperformance DEFCs.展开更多
Agastache rugosa,a medicinal plant known for its bioactive compounds,has gained attention for its pharmacological and commercial potential.This study aimed to optimize ethanol concentration to enhance growth and bioac...Agastache rugosa,a medicinal plant known for its bioactive compounds,has gained attention for its pharmacological and commercial potential.This study aimed to optimize ethanol concentration to enhance growth and bioactive compound production in A.rugosa cultivated in a controlled plant factory system.Ethanol treatments at 40 and 80 mM significantly promoted both vegetative and reproductive growth.Plants treated with these concentrations exhibited higher net photosynthetic rates(A)and intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci)compared to the untreated control,whereas stomatal conductance(gs)and transpiration rate(E)remained unaffected.Chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations,and SPAD values,significantly increased with ethanol treatment.Total flavonoid and total phenolic contents as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical-scavenging activities were significantly higher in plants treated with ethanol than in the untreated control.Ethanol treatments led to a significant enhancement in the activities of antioxidant enzymes,including superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase.Furthermore,ethanol treatment elevated rosmarinic acid concentrations in roots and tilianin and acacetin levels in flowers.Collectively,ethanol at 40 and 80 mM effectively enhanced growth,photosynthesis,antioxidant defense,and bioactive compound production in A.rugosa cultivated in a plant factory.These findings provide valuable insights for improving cultivation of medicinal plants with high pharmaceutical and nutraceutical value.展开更多
The catalytic synthesis of 1,3-butadiene(1,3-BD)from bio-based ethanol offers an alternative and sustainable process beyond petroleum.However,the intrinsic active sites and corresponding mechanism of 1,3-BD formation ...The catalytic synthesis of 1,3-butadiene(1,3-BD)from bio-based ethanol offers an alternative and sustainable process beyond petroleum.However,the intrinsic active sites and corresponding mechanism of 1,3-BD formation have not been fully elucidated yet.By correlating systematic characterization results with catalytic performance,the open Zr species,i.e.,Zr(OH)(OSi)_(3)moieties,were identified as the active site over the Zr/MFI-BM catalysts for the catalytic transformation of ethanol-acetaldehyde into 1,3-BD.In conjunction with controlled experiments and theory calculations,ethanol and acetaldehyde are proposed to synergistically co-adsorb on the Zr(OH)(OSi)_(3)species in a bi-molecular mode,which assists the acetaldehyde condensation and accelerates the critical Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley-Oppenauer reduction,and accordingly promotes 1,3-BD formation.These findings will stimulate the search towards new metal-zeolite combinations for efficient production of value-added 1,3-BD via biomass-derived ethanol and beyond.展开更多
The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the chemical compounds in ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus.Some purification and analysis techniques like silica gel,D101-macroporous adsorptive resins,and Sephad...The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the chemical compounds in ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus.Some purification and analysis techniques like silica gel,D101-macroporous adsorptive resins,and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies as well as high-performance liquid chromatography were used to isolate and analyze the compounds from ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus.The structures of these constituents were identified by spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometries.Twenty-eight compounds,including flavonoids and their glycoside,carbohydrate,coumarin and organic acid,were isolated from ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions in ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus,and they were identified as kaempferol(1),coumestrol(2),kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside(3),methyl caffeoylquinic acid(4),coptichic aldehyde(5),schizandriside(6),kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside(7),3-caffeoylquinic acid ethyl ester(8),quercetin(9),luteolin(10),protocatechuic acid(11),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-furan arabinose(12),trans-p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid(13),α-D-glucopyranosido-β-D-fructofuranoside,sucrose(14),peucedanol(15),chlorogenic acid(16),pyridoxine(17),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide(18),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide(19),isoquercitrin(20),mururin A(21),citroside A(22),benzyl-6-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(23),(+)-(6S,9R)-9-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-hydroxy-3-O-α-ionol(24),myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(25),(4R)-4-(3-Oxo-1-buten-1-ylidene)-3α,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane-1α,3β-diol(26),quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(27)and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid(28).Compounds 2,5,6,15,21,22,23,24,26 and 28 were isolated from Cyclocarya paliurus for the first time.展开更多
Fuel injection properties,including the injection rate(temporal aspects)and spray behavior(spatial aspects),play a crucial role in the combustion efficiency and emissions of diesel engines.This study investigates the ...Fuel injection properties,including the injection rate(temporal aspects)and spray behavior(spatial aspects),play a crucial role in the combustion efficiency and emissions of diesel engines.This study investigates the effects of different ethanol-biodiesel-diesel(EBD)blends on the injection performance in diesel engines.Experimental tests are conducted to examine key injection parameters,such as spray penetration distance,spray cone angle,and droplet size,alongside an analysis of coupling leakage.The main findings are as follows:(1)The injection behavior of ethanol and diesel differs significantly.The addition of ethanol reduces the density,viscosity,and modulus of elasticity of the fuel mixture.While the injection advance angle,penetration distance,and Sauter mean diameter show minimal changes,the spray cone angle and coupling leakage increase notably.These alterations may disrupt the“fuelair-chamber”matching characteristics of the original engine,potentially affecting performance.(2)In contrast,the injection performance of biodiesel ismore similar to that of diesel.As biodiesel content increases,the density,viscosity,and modulus of elasticity of the blended fuel also grow.Though changes in injection timing,penetration distance,and spray cone angle remain minimal,the Sauter mean diameter experiences a slight increase.The“air-fuel chamber”compatibility of the original engine is largely unaffected,though fuel atomization slightly deteriorates.Blending up to 20%biodiesel and 30%ethanol with diesel effectively compensates for the shortcomings of using single fuels,maintaining favorable injection dynamics while enhancing lubrication and sealing performance of engine components.展开更多
The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable products is pivotal for maintaining the global carbon cycle and mitigating global warming.This review explores the advancements in electrochemical CO_(2) ...The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable products is pivotal for maintaining the global carbon cycle and mitigating global warming.This review explores the advancements in electrochemical CO_(2) conversion,particularly focusing on producing methanol,ethanol,and n-propanol using various catalysts such as metals,metal oxides,metal alloys,and metal organic frameworks.Additionally,it covers the photoelectrochemical(PEC)conversion of CO_(2) into alcohols.The primary objective is to identify efficient electrocatalysts for ethanol,methanol,and n-propanol production,prioritizing selectivity,stability,Faradaic efficiency(FE),and current density.Notable catalysts include PtxZn nanoalloys,which exhibit an FE of~81.4% for methanol production,and trimetallic Pt/Pb/Zn nanoalloys,aimed at reducing Pt costs while enhancing catalyst stability and durability.Metal oxide catalysts like thin film Cu_(2)O/CuO on nickel foam and Cu_(2)O/ZnO achieve FE values of~38% and~16.6% for methanol production,respectively.Copper-based metal-organic frameworks,such as Cu@Cu_(2)O,demonstrate an FE of~45% for methanol production.Similarly,Ag_(0.14)/Cu_(0.86) and Cu-Zn alloys exhibit FEs of~63% and~46.6%,respectively,for ethanol production.Notably,n-propanol production via Pd–Cu alloy and graphene/ZnO/Cu_(2)O yields FEs of~13.7% and~23%,respectively.Furthermore,the review discusses recent advancements in PEC reactor design,photoelectrodes,reaction mechanisms,and catalyst durability.By evaluating the efficiency of these devices in liquid fuel production,the review addresses challenges and prospects in CO_(2) conversion for obtaining various valuable products.展开更多
Objective:To explore the wound healing potential and chemical components of Lindernia ruellioides from Mizoram,India.Methods:Plant extraction was conducted by cold maceration using chloroform,ethanol,and distilled wat...Objective:To explore the wound healing potential and chemical components of Lindernia ruellioides from Mizoram,India.Methods:Plant extraction was conducted by cold maceration using chloroform,ethanol,and distilled water as solvents.To guarantee the safety of the plant extract,an acute dermal toxicity test was conducted before the experiment.Antioxidant assays were performed.Excision and incision wound models were used to assess the wound healing activities,including wound closure rate,epithelialization period,and tensile strength.A histopathological examination was carried out.Results:Lindernia ruellioides contained bioactive compounds,such as mycolactone F,1-O-octadec-9-enyl glycerol,reserpine,tetracosanoic acid,2-O-caffeoylglucarate and several others which are found to possess various pharmacological activities.Acute dermal toxicity evaluation showed that the doses were deemed safe.Ethanol extract of Lindernia ruellioides(LREE)treatment significantly elevated glutathione,glutathione-S-transferase,and superoxide dismutase,and decreased malondialdehyde in a dose-dependent manner.It showed increased wound contraction rate,shorter epithelialization time,and elevated wound breaking strength in the LREE-treated group when compared with the control.In addition,the histological examination showed enhanced neovascularization,fibroblasts,and collagen in LREE-treated animals.Conclusions:Lindenia ruellioides exhibits remarkable effects on wound healing.The study validates the traditional use of this plant in Mizoram region as a wound-healing agent.展开更多
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not naturally capable of efficiently utilizing xylose as a carbon source.When cultured with lignocellulosic hydrolysates containing pretreatment-derived inhibitors,S.cerevisiae suffers from...Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not naturally capable of efficiently utilizing xylose as a carbon source.When cultured with lignocellulosic hydrolysates containing pretreatment-derived inhibitors,S.cerevisiae suffers from much lower sugar uptake,ethanol yield and fermentation efficiency.Thus,considering efficient xylose conversion into ethanol during non-detoxified hydrolysate culture,genetic engineering and adaptive evolution of S.cerevisiae might be a promising joint strategy for improving xylose uptake and ethanol production.In this study,an inhibitor-tolerant strain S.cerevisiae SPSC01-TAF94 was genetically engineered by overexpressing both xylose transport-and metabolism-related genes(N360F,Ru-xyl A,TAL1,TKL1,RKI1 and RPE1),yielding the xylose-utilizing strain TAF94-X,followed by three-stage adaptation in non-detoxified corn stover hydrolysate containing 5 g·L^(-1)acetic acid,0.32 g·L^(-1)furfural,0.17 g·L(-1)HMF and 0.19 g·L^(-1)vanillin as the major inhibitors as well as 20,40 and 60 g·L^(-1)xylose adjusted as the major carbon source,respectively.Finally,an active xylose-utilizing and ethanolproducing strain TAF94-X60 was obtained,which achieved 44.9 g·L^(-1)ethanol with yield of0.41 g·g^(-1),productivity of 0.62 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1)and xylose consumption rate of 0.42 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1)during hydrolysate culture,compared to those of 36.5 g·L^(-1),0.38 g·g^(-1),0.50 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1)and 0.20 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1)obtained with the control strain TAF94-X.The proposed joint strategy effectively utilizes hydrolyzed sugars while eliminating the need for conventional detoxification or water washing processes,thus enhancing the economic feasibility of large-scale lignocellulosic ethanol production.展开更多
Photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction to multi-carbon(C_(2+))products using solar energy is a promising route to carbon neutrality[1].Among these products,ethanol has attracted significant attention due to its high energy d...Photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction to multi-carbon(C_(2+))products using solar energy is a promising route to carbon neutrality[1].Among these products,ethanol has attracted significant attention due to its high energy density and convenient storage.However,achieving high selectivity for ethanol remains challenging because the reaction involves complex multi-electron transfer processes,and the ethanol pathway shares the same intermediate with the ethylene pathway,while the ethylene pathway has a thermodynamic advantage[2].This phenomenon makes it difficult to precisely control C-C coupling selectivity.展开更多
基金supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health‐Plan Nacional sobre Drogas(2023‐I024)the the Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities/State ResearchAgency/10.13039/501100011033(PID2023-146865OB-I00)+2 种基金Generalitat Valenciana(CIAICO/2021/203)the Primary Addiction Care Research Network(RD21/0009/0005)FEDER Funds,GVA.
文摘Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have emerged as a promising form of regenerative and immunomodulatory therapy;indeed,micro(mi)RNAs contained within mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulate target gene expression and impact disease-associated pathways.Chronic alcohol consumption leads to neuroinflammation,brain damage,and impaired cognition.Evidence indicates that females are more vulnerable to alcohol-induced damage than males.While mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have been studied in various neuroinflammatory conditions,their potential to counteract alcohol-induced brain damage remains unclear.In this study,we investigated whether repeated intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles could ameliorate neuroinflammation and behavioral impairment induced by chronic alcohol consumption in female mice.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles diminished the increased binding of a micro-positron emission tomography tracer(^(18)F-FDG)when analyzing whole-brain 3D images and brain coronal sections of ethanol-treated mice.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle administration protected against ethanol-induced proinflammatory gene upregulation,cognitive dysfunction,and the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine.MiRNA sequencing data from mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles revealed the elevated expression of extracellular vesicle-derived miR-483-5p and miR-140-3p in the brains of ethanol-treated female mice following mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle administration.In addition,mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory-related miRNA target genes(e.g.,Socs3,Tnf,Mtor,and Atf6)in the brains of ethanol-treated female mice.These results suggest that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles could function as a neuroprotective therapy to ameliorate the neuroinflammation,cognitive dysfunction,and conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine associated with chronic alcohol consumption.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52274304)。
文摘The three-dimensional(3D) Pd-based nanoflower structures,assembled from two-dimensional(2D)nanosheets,are characterized by their stable and ordered configurations.These structures have been extensively designed as anode materials for fuel cells.However,the exploration of trimetallic nanoflowers with porous architectures remains limited.In this study,we present a straightforward one-step solvothermal method for the synthesis of trimetallic Pd Cu Ni porous nanoflowers(PNFs).Leveraging several unique advantages,such as an open superstructure,high porosity,and enhanced electronic interactions among the trimetals,the resulting Pd Cu Ni PNFs demonstrate significantly improved electrochemical performance,with mass activities reaching 5.94 and 10.14 A/mg for the ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)and the ethylene glycol oxidation reaction(EGOR),respectively.Furthermore,the Pd Cu Ni PNFs exhibit optimized d-band centers and the most negative onset oxidation potential,indicating enhanced antitoxicity and stability.This study not only provides a novel perspective on the synthesis of 3D porous nanomaterials but also highlights the potential application value of trimetallic nanoalloys in catalysis.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4101800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22172032,U22A20431)。
文摘The hydrogenation of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))to ethanol(EtOH)represents a promising strategy for carbon resource utilization.This progress advances the fields of green chemistry and renewable energy technologies.However,its practical implementation remains hindered by challenges in catalyst development,reaction mechanism elucidation,and industrial scalability.The reaction pathway for CO_(2)hydrogenation to EtOH is intricate,involving C–O bond activation and C–C coupling,with its thermodynamic and kinetic properties strongly influenced by temperature,pressure,and catalyst structure.Briefly,CO_(2)conversion rate and EtOH selectivity are significantly enhanced by optimizing catalyst active sites,incorporating promoters and selecting appropriate supports.In recent years,multifunctional catalysts have emerged as research hotspots due to their facile structural design and superior catalytic performance.Here,it reviews the reaction mechanisms,catalyst design principles,and optimization strategies for CO_(2)hydrogenation to EtOH in the continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor with a particular emphasis on the roles of noble metals(e.g.,Rh)and transition metals(e.g.,Co,Cu)in this reaction.Future investigations should focus on deepening the mechanistic understanding of the reaction,developing efficient and stable catalysts,and optimizing the reaction conditions to enable the industrial-scale application of CO_(2)hydrogenation to EtOH in the continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor,thereby advancing green chemistry and sustainable development.
基金partially funded by EPSRC (EP/T022213/1, EP/W032260/1 and EP/P020194/1) via our membership of the UK’s HEC Materials Chemistry Consortium, which is funded by EPSRC (EP/L000202)part of the “Advancing Solid Interface and Lubricants by First Principles Material Design (SLIDE)” project that has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant agreement No. 865633)
文摘Amorphous materials represent a promising platform for advancing CO_(2)electrochemical reduction due to their inherently diverse coordination environments.In this study,we demonstrate computationally the superior performance of amorphous CuNi alloys for CO_(2)electrochemical reduction.By integrating machine learning forcefields for efficient structure generation and density functional theory for subsequent structural refinement and property calculations,we reveal the potential of these disordered systems to outperform their crystalline counterparts.Machine learning forcefields can generate a bulk structure containing a mixture of Cu and Ni atoms,resulting in enhanced catalytic performance.Effective screening of the amorphous surfaces is used to identify undercoordinated Cu and Ni sites in the amorphous structure to synergistically promote selective CO production and favor ethanol formation over ethylene via the stabilization of the*COCHO intermediate,resulting in significantly lower Gibbs free energy changes compared to the crystalline counterpart.The varying atomic coordination environments on amorphous surfaces promote both C–C bond formation and subsequent proton-electron transfer,leading to ethanol formation.These findings demonstrate the superior catalytic performance of amorphous CuNi,highlighting its potential for efficient and selective electroreduction of CO_(2).
文摘Molybdenum carbide has shown great potential in various hydrogenation reactions,and serves as a primary active species for synthesis of ethanol from dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation process which is a crucial step in the efficient utilization of coal resources.In this study,a molybdenum carbide catalyst with a three-dimensional mesh-like hollow structure and lattice defects was carefully designed.The MoO_(3)precursor with abundant oxygen vacancies and defects was prepared by flame spray pyrolysis,and a structural modifier,Cu,was introduced by sputtering.The Cu deposited by sputtering affected the carburization and phase evolution processes.A three-dimensional mesh-like hollow structure composed of defective molybdenum carbide is formed,with theβ-Mo_(2)C exhibiting lattice distortions and defects.This defectiveβ-Mo_(2)C exhibits high reactivity,and facilitates the C=O hydrogenation process,showing a high reactivity of 83.1%yield in the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate.This work provides a new approach to the design and application of molybdenum carbide catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22465009)the Education Department of Guizhou Province(No.2021312)the Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.2019-5666).
文摘Alloying and interface effects are effective strategies for enhancing the performance of electrocatalysts in energy-related devices.Herein,dendritic Au-doped platinum-palladium alloy/dumbbell-like bismuth telluride heterostructures(denoted PtPdAu/BiTe)were synthesized using a visible-light-assisted strategy.The coupling alloy and interfacial effects of PtPdAu/BiTe significantly improved the performance and stability of both the ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)and methanol oxidation reaction(MOR).Introducing a small amount of Au effectively enhanced the CO tolerance of PtPdAu/BiTe compared to dendritic platinum-palladium alloy/dumbbell-like bismuth telluride heterostructures.PtPdAu/BiTe exhibited mass activities of 31.5 and 13.3 A·mg_(Pt)^(-1)in EOR and MOR,respectively,which were 34.4 and 13.2 times higher than those of commercial Pt black,revealing efficient Pt atom utilization.In-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated complete 12e^(-)and 6e^(-)oxidation of ethanol and methanol on PtPdAu/BiTe.The PtPdAu/BiTe/C achieved mass peak power densities of 131 and 156 mW·mg_(Pt)^(-1),which were 2.4 and 2.2 times higher than those of Pt/C in practical direct ethanol fuel cell(DEFC)and direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC),respectively,highlighting their potential application in DEFC and DMFC.This study introduces an effective strategy for designing efficient and highly CO tolerant anodic electrocatalysts for practical DEFC and DMFC applications.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202306)Program from Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams(2019ZT08L101 and RCTDPT-2020-001)+1 种基金Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Eco-materials and Renewable Energy(ZDSYS20200922160400001)the Provincial Talent Plan of Guangdong(2023TB0012).
文摘Methane(CH4),the predominant component of natural gas and shale gas,is regarded as a promising carbon feedstock for chemical synthesis[1].However,considering the extreme stability of CH4 molecules,it's quite challenging in simultaneously achieving high activity and selectivity for target products under mild conditions,especially when synthesizing high-value C2t chemicals such as ethanol[2].The conversion of methane to ethanol by photocatalysis is promising for achieving transformation under ambient temperature and pressure conditions.Currently,the apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of solar-driven methane-to-ethanol conversion is generally below 0.5%[3,4].Furthermore,the stability of photocatalysts remains inadequate,offering substantial potential for further improvement.
基金the Canadian NRCan OERD Energy Innovation Programthe Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada,and the Carbon Solution Program for their financial support.
文摘The pursuit of alternative fuel generation technologies has gained momentum due to the diminishing reserves of fossil fuels and global warming from increased CO_(2)emission.Among the proposed methods,the hydrogenation of CO_(2)to produce marketable carbon-based products like methanol and ethanol is a practical approach that offers great potential to reduce CO_(2)emissions.Although significant volumes of methanol are currently produced from CO_(2),developing highly efficient and stable catalysts is crucial for further enhancing conversion and selectivity,thereby reducing process costs.An in-depth examination of the differences and similarities in the reaction pathways for methanol and ethanol production highlights the key factors that drive C-C coupling.Identifying these factors guides us toward developing more effective catalysts for ethanol synthesis.In this paper,we explore how different catalysts,through the production of various intermediates,can initiate the synthesis of methanol or ethanol.The catalytic mechanisms proposed by spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations,including operando X-ray methods,FTIR analysis,and DFT calculations,are summarized and presented.The following discussion explores the structural properties and composition of catalysts that influence C-C coupling and optimize the conversion rate of CO_(2)into ethanol.Lastly,the review examines recent catalysts employed for selective methanol and ethanol production,focusing on single-atom catalysts.
基金supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Health-PNSD(2019-I039 and 2023-I024)(to MP)FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación-Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2021-1243590B-I100(to VMM)+2 种基金GVA(CIAICO/2021/203)(to MP)the Primary Addiction Care Research Network(RD21/0009/0005)(to MP)a predoctoral fellowship from the Generalitat Valenciana(ACIF/2021/338)(to CPC).
文摘Our previous studies have reported that activation of the NLRP3(NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3)-inflammasome complex in ethanol-treated astrocytes and chronic alcohol-fed mice could be associated with neuroinflammation and brain damage.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles(MSC-EVs)have been shown to restore the neuroinflammatory response,along with myelin and synaptic structural alterations in the prefrontal cortex,and alleviate cognitive and memory dysfunctions induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent mice.Considering the therapeutic role of the molecules contained in mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles,the present study analyzed whether the administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles isolated from adipose tissue,which inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome,was capable of reducing hippocampal neuroinflammation in adolescent mice treated with binge drinking.We demonstrated that the administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorated the activation of the hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome complex and other NLRs inflammasomes(e.g.,pyrin domain-containing 1,caspase recruitment domain-containing 4,and absent in melanoma 2,as well as the alterations in inflammatory genes(interleukin-1β,interleukin-18,inducible nitric oxide synthase,nuclear factor-kappa B,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and C–X3–C motif chemokine ligand 1)and miRNAs(miR-21a-5p,miR-146a-5p,and miR-141-5p)induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent mice.Bioinformatic analysis further revealed the involvement of miR-21a-5p and miR-146a-5p with inflammatory target genes and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways.Taken together,these findings provide novel evidence of the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived EVs to ameliorate the hippocampal neuroinflammatory response associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by binge drinking in adolescence.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22472023,22202037)the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program(20250102077JC)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2412024QD014,2412023QD019).
文摘Direct ethanol fuel cells(DEFCs)are a promising alternative to conventional energy sources,offering high energy density,environmental sustainability,and operational safety.Compared to methanol fuel cells,DEFCs exhibit lower toxicity and a more mature preparation process.Unlike hydrogen fuel cells,DEFCs provide superior storage and transport feasibility,as well as cost-effectiveness,significantly enhancing their commercial viability.However,the stable C-C bond in ethanol creates a high activation energy barrier,often resulting in incomplete electrooxidation.Current commercial platinum(Pt)-and palladium(Pd)-based catalysts demonstrate low C-C bond cleavage efficiency(<7.5%),severely limiting DEFC energy output and power density.Furthermore,high catalyst costs and insufficient activity impede large-scale commercialization.Recent advances in DEFC anode catalyst design have focused on optimizing material composition and elucidating catalytic mechanisms.This review systematically examines developments in ethanol electrooxidation catalysts over the past five years,highlighting strategies to improve C1 pathway selectivity and C-C bond activation.Key approaches,such as alloying,nanostructure engineering,and interfacial synergy effects,are discussed alongside their mechanistic implications.Finally,we outline current challenges and future prospects for DEFC commercialization.
基金supported by the Transverse Research Project of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital(JYHX2022007)the Clinical Research Program of Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(JYLJ202111).
文摘Background:Despite the efficacy of absolute ethanol(EtOH),its radiolucency introduces several risks in interventional therapy for treating vascular malformations.This study aims to develop a novel radiopaque ethanol injection(REI)to address this issue.Methods:Iopromide is mixed with ethanol to achieve radiopacity and improve the physicochemical properties of the solution.Overall,82 male New Zealand white rabbits are selected for in vivo radiopacity testing,peripheral vein sclerosis[animals were divided into the following 5 groups(n=6):negative control(NC,saline,0.250 ml/kg),positive control(EtOH,0.250 ml/kg),low-dose REI(L-D REI,0.125 ml/kg),moderate-dose REI(M-D REI,0.250 ml/kg),and highdose REI(H-D REI 0.375 ml/kg)],pharmacokinetic analyses(the blood sample was harvested before injection,5 min,10 min,20 min,40 min,1 h,2 h,4 h,and 8 h after injection in peripheral vein sclerosis experiment),peripheral artery embolization[animals were divided into the following 5 groups(n=3):NC(saline,0.250 ml/kg),positive control(EtOH,0.250 ml/kg),L-D REI(0.125 ml/kg),M-D REI(0.250 ml/kg),and H-D REI(0.375 ml/kg)],kidney transcatheter arterial embolization[animals were divided into the following 4 groups(n=3):positive control(EtOH,0.250 ml/kg),L-D REI(0.125 ml/kg),M-D REI(0.250 ml/kg),and H-D REI(0.375 ml/kg);each healthy kidney was injected with saline as negative control],and biosafety evaluations[animals were divided into the following 5 groups(n=3):NC(0.250 ml/kg),high-dose EtOH(0.375 ml/kg),L-D REI(0.125 ml/kg),M-D REI(0.250 ml/kg),and H-D REI(0.375 ml/kg)].Then,a prospective cohort study involving 6 patients with peripheral venous malformations(VMs)is performed to explore the clinical safety and effectiveness of REI.From Jun 1,2023 to August 31,2023,6 patients[age:(33.3±17.2)years]with lingual VMs received sclerotherapy of REI and 2-month follow-up.Adverse events and serious adverse events were evaluated,whereas the efficacy of REI was determined by both the traceability of the REI under DSA throughout the entire injection and the therapeutic effect 2 months after a single injection.Results:The REI contains 81.4%ethanol(v/v)and 111.3 mg/ml iodine,which can be traced throughout the injection in the animals and patients.The REI also exerts a similar effect as EtOH on peripheral venous sclerosis,peripheral arterial embolization,and renal embolization.Furthermore,the REI can be metabolized at a similar rate compared to EtOH and Ultravist^(®)and did not cause injury to the animals’heart,liver,spleen,lungs,kidneys and brain.No REIrelated adverse effects have occurred during sclerotherapy of VMs,and 4/6 patients(66.7%)have achieved complete response at follow-up.Conclusion:In conclusion,REI is safe,exerts therapeutic effects,and compensates for the radiolucency of EtOH in treating VMs.Trial registration:The clinical trial was registered as No.ChiCTR2300071751 on May 242023.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272103)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023TQ0204)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202304011)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(JC-YBQN-0088)the Science and Technology Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(2023-CX-TD-27)the Sanqin scholars innovation teams in Shaanxi Province,China。
文摘Highly active and stable electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)are critical for the widespread adoption of direct ethanol fuel cells(DEFCs).However,the low efficiency of C–C bond cleavage of commercial electrocatalysts not only leads to incomplete ethanol oxidation but also results in the accumulation of poisoning CO species.In this work,silver-platinum hollow nanocubes(AgPt hNCs)are designed and synthesized to achieve high selectivity for the complete 12-electron EOR in an alkaline electrolyte.AgPt h NCs demonstrate a Faradaic efficiency of up to 88.2%at the potential of 0.70 V for the C1 pathway and exhibit a 6.3-fold EOR mass activity than commercial Pt black at the potential of 0.81 V.Moreover,the oxyphilic nature of Ag imparts exceptional long-term stability to AgPt h NCs.Theoretical calculations reveal that the electronic interaction between Pt and Ag effectively modifies the d-band properties of surface Pt atoms,thereby optimizing the adsorption behavior of key intermediates,promoting the dehydrogenation of CH_(3)CO^(*)to CH_(2)CO^(*),and facilitating C–C bond cleavage.The present work provides both theoretical and experimental insights into the utilization of Ag-based alloy catalysts for highperformance DEFCs.
基金supported by Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)grant funded by the Korea government(MOTIE)(20212020800050,Development and demonstration of rooftop greenhouse-building integrated system using distributed polygeneration).
文摘Agastache rugosa,a medicinal plant known for its bioactive compounds,has gained attention for its pharmacological and commercial potential.This study aimed to optimize ethanol concentration to enhance growth and bioactive compound production in A.rugosa cultivated in a controlled plant factory system.Ethanol treatments at 40 and 80 mM significantly promoted both vegetative and reproductive growth.Plants treated with these concentrations exhibited higher net photosynthetic rates(A)and intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci)compared to the untreated control,whereas stomatal conductance(gs)and transpiration rate(E)remained unaffected.Chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations,and SPAD values,significantly increased with ethanol treatment.Total flavonoid and total phenolic contents as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical-scavenging activities were significantly higher in plants treated with ethanol than in the untreated control.Ethanol treatments led to a significant enhancement in the activities of antioxidant enzymes,including superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase.Furthermore,ethanol treatment elevated rosmarinic acid concentrations in roots and tilianin and acacetin levels in flowers.Collectively,ethanol at 40 and 80 mM effectively enhanced growth,photosynthesis,antioxidant defense,and bioactive compound production in A.rugosa cultivated in a plant factory.These findings provide valuable insights for improving cultivation of medicinal plants with high pharmaceutical and nutraceutical value.
文摘The catalytic synthesis of 1,3-butadiene(1,3-BD)from bio-based ethanol offers an alternative and sustainable process beyond petroleum.However,the intrinsic active sites and corresponding mechanism of 1,3-BD formation have not been fully elucidated yet.By correlating systematic characterization results with catalytic performance,the open Zr species,i.e.,Zr(OH)(OSi)_(3)moieties,were identified as the active site over the Zr/MFI-BM catalysts for the catalytic transformation of ethanol-acetaldehyde into 1,3-BD.In conjunction with controlled experiments and theory calculations,ethanol and acetaldehyde are proposed to synergistically co-adsorb on the Zr(OH)(OSi)_(3)species in a bi-molecular mode,which assists the acetaldehyde condensation and accelerates the critical Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley-Oppenauer reduction,and accordingly promotes 1,3-BD formation.These findings will stimulate the search towards new metal-zeolite combinations for efficient production of value-added 1,3-BD via biomass-derived ethanol and beyond.
文摘The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the chemical compounds in ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus.Some purification and analysis techniques like silica gel,D101-macroporous adsorptive resins,and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies as well as high-performance liquid chromatography were used to isolate and analyze the compounds from ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus.The structures of these constituents were identified by spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometries.Twenty-eight compounds,including flavonoids and their glycoside,carbohydrate,coumarin and organic acid,were isolated from ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions in ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus,and they were identified as kaempferol(1),coumestrol(2),kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside(3),methyl caffeoylquinic acid(4),coptichic aldehyde(5),schizandriside(6),kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside(7),3-caffeoylquinic acid ethyl ester(8),quercetin(9),luteolin(10),protocatechuic acid(11),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-furan arabinose(12),trans-p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid(13),α-D-glucopyranosido-β-D-fructofuranoside,sucrose(14),peucedanol(15),chlorogenic acid(16),pyridoxine(17),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide(18),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide(19),isoquercitrin(20),mururin A(21),citroside A(22),benzyl-6-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(23),(+)-(6S,9R)-9-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-hydroxy-3-O-α-ionol(24),myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(25),(4R)-4-(3-Oxo-1-buten-1-ylidene)-3α,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane-1α,3β-diol(26),quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(27)and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid(28).Compounds 2,5,6,15,21,22,23,24,26 and 28 were isolated from Cyclocarya paliurus for the first time.
基金supported by Innovation Research Project for the training of high-level scientific and technological talents(Technical expert talents)of the Armed Police Force ZZKY20222415“13th Five-Year Plan”military key colleges and key disciplines-Equipment Engineering(Power)-17.
文摘Fuel injection properties,including the injection rate(temporal aspects)and spray behavior(spatial aspects),play a crucial role in the combustion efficiency and emissions of diesel engines.This study investigates the effects of different ethanol-biodiesel-diesel(EBD)blends on the injection performance in diesel engines.Experimental tests are conducted to examine key injection parameters,such as spray penetration distance,spray cone angle,and droplet size,alongside an analysis of coupling leakage.The main findings are as follows:(1)The injection behavior of ethanol and diesel differs significantly.The addition of ethanol reduces the density,viscosity,and modulus of elasticity of the fuel mixture.While the injection advance angle,penetration distance,and Sauter mean diameter show minimal changes,the spray cone angle and coupling leakage increase notably.These alterations may disrupt the“fuelair-chamber”matching characteristics of the original engine,potentially affecting performance.(2)In contrast,the injection performance of biodiesel ismore similar to that of diesel.As biodiesel content increases,the density,viscosity,and modulus of elasticity of the blended fuel also grow.Though changes in injection timing,penetration distance,and spray cone angle remain minimal,the Sauter mean diameter experiences a slight increase.The“air-fuel chamber”compatibility of the original engine is largely unaffected,though fuel atomization slightly deteriorates.Blending up to 20%biodiesel and 30%ethanol with diesel effectively compensates for the shortcomings of using single fuels,maintaining favorable injection dynamics while enhancing lubrication and sealing performance of engine components.
基金the financial support from National Science Centre Poland(NCN)based on the decision number UMO-2021/43/D/ST5/00824financial support of research project supported by the program“Excellence Initiative-Research University”for the AGH University of Krakow.
文摘The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable products is pivotal for maintaining the global carbon cycle and mitigating global warming.This review explores the advancements in electrochemical CO_(2) conversion,particularly focusing on producing methanol,ethanol,and n-propanol using various catalysts such as metals,metal oxides,metal alloys,and metal organic frameworks.Additionally,it covers the photoelectrochemical(PEC)conversion of CO_(2) into alcohols.The primary objective is to identify efficient electrocatalysts for ethanol,methanol,and n-propanol production,prioritizing selectivity,stability,Faradaic efficiency(FE),and current density.Notable catalysts include PtxZn nanoalloys,which exhibit an FE of~81.4% for methanol production,and trimetallic Pt/Pb/Zn nanoalloys,aimed at reducing Pt costs while enhancing catalyst stability and durability.Metal oxide catalysts like thin film Cu_(2)O/CuO on nickel foam and Cu_(2)O/ZnO achieve FE values of~38% and~16.6% for methanol production,respectively.Copper-based metal-organic frameworks,such as Cu@Cu_(2)O,demonstrate an FE of~45% for methanol production.Similarly,Ag_(0.14)/Cu_(0.86) and Cu-Zn alloys exhibit FEs of~63% and~46.6%,respectively,for ethanol production.Notably,n-propanol production via Pd–Cu alloy and graphene/ZnO/Cu_(2)O yields FEs of~13.7% and~23%,respectively.Furthermore,the review discusses recent advancements in PEC reactor design,photoelectrodes,reaction mechanisms,and catalyst durability.By evaluating the efficiency of these devices in liquid fuel production,the review addresses challenges and prospects in CO_(2) conversion for obtaining various valuable products.
文摘Objective:To explore the wound healing potential and chemical components of Lindernia ruellioides from Mizoram,India.Methods:Plant extraction was conducted by cold maceration using chloroform,ethanol,and distilled water as solvents.To guarantee the safety of the plant extract,an acute dermal toxicity test was conducted before the experiment.Antioxidant assays were performed.Excision and incision wound models were used to assess the wound healing activities,including wound closure rate,epithelialization period,and tensile strength.A histopathological examination was carried out.Results:Lindernia ruellioides contained bioactive compounds,such as mycolactone F,1-O-octadec-9-enyl glycerol,reserpine,tetracosanoic acid,2-O-caffeoylglucarate and several others which are found to possess various pharmacological activities.Acute dermal toxicity evaluation showed that the doses were deemed safe.Ethanol extract of Lindernia ruellioides(LREE)treatment significantly elevated glutathione,glutathione-S-transferase,and superoxide dismutase,and decreased malondialdehyde in a dose-dependent manner.It showed increased wound contraction rate,shorter epithelialization time,and elevated wound breaking strength in the LREE-treated group when compared with the control.In addition,the histological examination showed enhanced neovascularization,fibroblasts,and collagen in LREE-treated animals.Conclusions:Lindenia ruellioides exhibits remarkable effects on wound healing.The study validates the traditional use of this plant in Mizoram region as a wound-healing agent.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2101303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20424 and 22378048)+5 种基金the Major scientific and technological projects of Sinopecthe Dalian Technology Talents Project for Distinguished Young Scholars(2021RJ03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT25LAB104)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2202049)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(2022J013)the Ningbo Municipal Public Welfare Science and Technology Foundation(2024S004)。
文摘Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not naturally capable of efficiently utilizing xylose as a carbon source.When cultured with lignocellulosic hydrolysates containing pretreatment-derived inhibitors,S.cerevisiae suffers from much lower sugar uptake,ethanol yield and fermentation efficiency.Thus,considering efficient xylose conversion into ethanol during non-detoxified hydrolysate culture,genetic engineering and adaptive evolution of S.cerevisiae might be a promising joint strategy for improving xylose uptake and ethanol production.In this study,an inhibitor-tolerant strain S.cerevisiae SPSC01-TAF94 was genetically engineered by overexpressing both xylose transport-and metabolism-related genes(N360F,Ru-xyl A,TAL1,TKL1,RKI1 and RPE1),yielding the xylose-utilizing strain TAF94-X,followed by three-stage adaptation in non-detoxified corn stover hydrolysate containing 5 g·L^(-1)acetic acid,0.32 g·L^(-1)furfural,0.17 g·L(-1)HMF and 0.19 g·L^(-1)vanillin as the major inhibitors as well as 20,40 and 60 g·L^(-1)xylose adjusted as the major carbon source,respectively.Finally,an active xylose-utilizing and ethanolproducing strain TAF94-X60 was obtained,which achieved 44.9 g·L^(-1)ethanol with yield of0.41 g·g^(-1),productivity of 0.62 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1)and xylose consumption rate of 0.42 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1)during hydrolysate culture,compared to those of 36.5 g·L^(-1),0.38 g·g^(-1),0.50 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1)and 0.20 g·L^(-1)·h^(-1)obtained with the control strain TAF94-X.The proposed joint strategy effectively utilizes hydrolyzed sugars while eliminating the need for conventional detoxification or water washing processes,thus enhancing the economic feasibility of large-scale lignocellulosic ethanol production.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52473327,51572295 and 21273285)National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2021YFA1501300,2019YFC1907602).
文摘Photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction to multi-carbon(C_(2+))products using solar energy is a promising route to carbon neutrality[1].Among these products,ethanol has attracted significant attention due to its high energy density and convenient storage.However,achieving high selectivity for ethanol remains challenging because the reaction involves complex multi-electron transfer processes,and the ethanol pathway shares the same intermediate with the ethylene pathway,while the ethylene pathway has a thermodynamic advantage[2].This phenomenon makes it difficult to precisely control C-C coupling selectivity.
