Regulated and unregulated emissions from four passenger cars fueled with methanol/gasoline blends at different mixing ratios （M15,M20,M30,M50,M85 and M100） were tested over the New European Driving Cycle （NEDC）.Vo...Regulated and unregulated emissions from four passenger cars fueled with methanol/gasoline blends at different mixing ratios （M15,M20,M30,M50,M85 and M100） were tested over the New European Driving Cycle （NEDC）.Volatile organic compounds （VOCs） were sampled by Tenax TA and analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer （TD-GC/MS）.Carbonyls were trapped on dinitrophenylhydrazine （DNPH） cartridges and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）.The results showed that total emissions of VOCs and BTEX （benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,p,m,o-xylene） from all vehicles fueled with methanol/gasoline blends were lower than those from vehicles fueled with only gasoline.Compared to the baseline,the use of M85 decreased BTEX emissions by 97.4%,while the use of M15 decreased it by 19.7%.At low-to-middle mixing ratios （M15,M20,M30 and M50）,formaldehyde emissions showed a slight increase while those of high mixing ratios （M85 and M100） were three times compared with the baseline gasoline only.When the vehicles were retrofitted with new three-way catalytic converters （TWC）,emissions of carbon monoxide （CO）,total hydrocarbon （THC）,and nitrogen oxides （NOx） were decreased by 24%–50%,10%–35%,and 24%–58% respectively,compared with the cars using the original equipment manufacture （OEM） TWC.Using the new TWC,emissions of formaldehyde and BTEX were decreased,while those of other carbonyl increased.It is necessary that vehicles fueled with methanol/gasoline blends be retrofitted with a new TWC.In addition,the specific reactivity of emissions of vehicles fueled with M15 and retrofitted with the new TWC was reduced from 4.51 to 4.08 compared to the baseline vehicle.This indicates that the use of methanol/gasoline blend at a low mixing ratio may have lower effect on environment than gasoline.展开更多
The depletion of fossil diesel fuels, global warming concerns and strict limits on regulated pollutant emissions are encouraging the use of renewable fuels. Biodiesel is the most used renewable fuel in compression ign...The depletion of fossil diesel fuels, global warming concerns and strict limits on regulated pollutant emissions are encouraging the use of renewable fuels. Biodiesel is the most used renewable fuel in compression ignition (CI) engine. The majority of literature agrees that the particulate matter (PM), unburnt total hydrocarbons (THC) and carbon dioxide (CO) emission from biodiesel are lower than from conventional diesel fuel. One of the most important reasons for this is the oxygen content of the biodiesel. This induces a more complete and cleaner combustion process. In addition to this the absence of aromatic compounds in biodiesel leads to particulate matter reduction with respect to diesel fuel. The potential emission benefits induced by the presence of oxygen in fuel molecules has increased the interest in using the bio-alcohols fuel blends in CI engines such as ethanol. Although alcohols are more suitable for blending with diesel fuel, properties like lubricity, viscosity, stability, heating value and cetane number of diesel-alcohol (Diesohol) still require improvement. One of the techniques is addition of biodiesel which can improve all of these properties forming diesel-biodiesel-alcohol (ternary) blends. The blends of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol can be used in the existing CI engines without any major modifications and most significant result of using this blend is the lower emission with almost the same performance as of diesel fuel alone. The present study focused on investigation of performance and combustion characteristics of ternary fuel blend in DI diesel engine operating at different injection opening pressure (IOP). The different injection opening pressures are: 180 bar, 200 bar and 220 bar.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50876013)
文摘Regulated and unregulated emissions from four passenger cars fueled with methanol/gasoline blends at different mixing ratios （M15,M20,M30,M50,M85 and M100） were tested over the New European Driving Cycle （NEDC）.Volatile organic compounds （VOCs） were sampled by Tenax TA and analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer （TD-GC/MS）.Carbonyls were trapped on dinitrophenylhydrazine （DNPH） cartridges and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）.The results showed that total emissions of VOCs and BTEX （benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,p,m,o-xylene） from all vehicles fueled with methanol/gasoline blends were lower than those from vehicles fueled with only gasoline.Compared to the baseline,the use of M85 decreased BTEX emissions by 97.4%,while the use of M15 decreased it by 19.7%.At low-to-middle mixing ratios （M15,M20,M30 and M50）,formaldehyde emissions showed a slight increase while those of high mixing ratios （M85 and M100） were three times compared with the baseline gasoline only.When the vehicles were retrofitted with new three-way catalytic converters （TWC）,emissions of carbon monoxide （CO）,total hydrocarbon （THC）,and nitrogen oxides （NOx） were decreased by 24%–50%,10%–35%,and 24%–58% respectively,compared with the cars using the original equipment manufacture （OEM） TWC.Using the new TWC,emissions of formaldehyde and BTEX were decreased,while those of other carbonyl increased.It is necessary that vehicles fueled with methanol/gasoline blends be retrofitted with a new TWC.In addition,the specific reactivity of emissions of vehicles fueled with M15 and retrofitted with the new TWC was reduced from 4.51 to 4.08 compared to the baseline vehicle.This indicates that the use of methanol/gasoline blend at a low mixing ratio may have lower effect on environment than gasoline.
文摘The depletion of fossil diesel fuels, global warming concerns and strict limits on regulated pollutant emissions are encouraging the use of renewable fuels. Biodiesel is the most used renewable fuel in compression ignition (CI) engine. The majority of literature agrees that the particulate matter (PM), unburnt total hydrocarbons (THC) and carbon dioxide (CO) emission from biodiesel are lower than from conventional diesel fuel. One of the most important reasons for this is the oxygen content of the biodiesel. This induces a more complete and cleaner combustion process. In addition to this the absence of aromatic compounds in biodiesel leads to particulate matter reduction with respect to diesel fuel. The potential emission benefits induced by the presence of oxygen in fuel molecules has increased the interest in using the bio-alcohols fuel blends in CI engines such as ethanol. Although alcohols are more suitable for blending with diesel fuel, properties like lubricity, viscosity, stability, heating value and cetane number of diesel-alcohol (Diesohol) still require improvement. One of the techniques is addition of biodiesel which can improve all of these properties forming diesel-biodiesel-alcohol (ternary) blends. The blends of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol can be used in the existing CI engines without any major modifications and most significant result of using this blend is the lower emission with almost the same performance as of diesel fuel alone. The present study focused on investigation of performance and combustion characteristics of ternary fuel blend in DI diesel engine operating at different injection opening pressure (IOP). The different injection opening pressures are: 180 bar, 200 bar and 220 bar.
