随着生物技术的快速发展,越来越多的生物制造饲料原料及添加剂研发成功。这些产品不仅能提高饲料的营养价值,还可以降低生产成本、提高养殖效益。然而,生物制造饲料原料及添加剂在生产工艺和质量标准方面与传统产品存在较大差异,造成市...随着生物技术的快速发展,越来越多的生物制造饲料原料及添加剂研发成功。这些产品不仅能提高饲料的营养价值,还可以降低生产成本、提高养殖效益。然而,生物制造饲料原料及添加剂在生产工艺和质量标准方面与传统产品存在较大差异,造成市场准入障碍,制约了饲料及畜牧业的高效发展。本文系统梳理了欧盟、美国、日本和中国的生物制造饲料蛋白原料和添加剂的市场准入与监管机制,包括相关法规政策依据、审批流程及标准要求。欧盟的审批流程相对严谨,对产品的安全性评估更为全面,但审批时间较长;美国的准入制度较为灵活,三种多元化的准入途径,但对于“一般公认安全”(Generally Recognized as Safe,GRAS)物质的认定存在一定的主观性;日本的法规较为完善,兼顾社会伦理与市场实际,形成了一套严谨且灵活的体系。近年来,中国在生物制造饲料原料或者添加剂市场准入与监管方面,规范了审批流程和标准,缩短了审批周期,但在产品评价方法、评价程序等方面仍存在一些问题。本文针对性地提出了优化建议,旨在助力生物制造在饲料养殖行业的高质量发展。展开更多
Two strains of Fe/Mn oxidizing bacteria tolerant to high concentrations of multiple heavy metal(loid)s and efficient decontamination for them were screened.The surface of the bio-Fe/Mn oxides produced by the oxidation...Two strains of Fe/Mn oxidizing bacteria tolerant to high concentrations of multiple heavy metal(loid)s and efficient decontamination for them were screened.The surface of the bio-Fe/Mn oxides produced by the oxidation of Fe(II)and Mn(II)by Pseudomonas taiwanensis(marked as P4)and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida(marked as G1)contains rich reactive oxygen functional groups,which play critical roles in the removal efficiency and immobilization of heavymetal(loid)s in co-contamination system.The isolated strains P4 and G1 can growwell in the following environments:pH 5-9,NaCl 0-4%,and temperature 20-30℃.The removal efficiencies of Fe,Pb,As,Zn,Cd,Cu,and Mn are effective after inoculation of the strains P4 and G1 in the simulated water system(the initial concentrations of heavy metal(loid)were 1 mg/L),approximately reaching 96%,92%,85%,67%,70%,54%and 15%,respectively.The exchangeable and carbonate bound As,Cd,Pb and Cu are more inclined to convert to the Fe-Mn oxide bound fractions in P4 and G1 treated soil,thereby reducing the phytoavailability and bioaccessible of heavy metal(loid)s.This research provides alternatives method to treat water and soil containing high concentrations of multi-heavy metal(loid)s.展开更多
文摘随着生物技术的快速发展,越来越多的生物制造饲料原料及添加剂研发成功。这些产品不仅能提高饲料的营养价值,还可以降低生产成本、提高养殖效益。然而,生物制造饲料原料及添加剂在生产工艺和质量标准方面与传统产品存在较大差异,造成市场准入障碍,制约了饲料及畜牧业的高效发展。本文系统梳理了欧盟、美国、日本和中国的生物制造饲料蛋白原料和添加剂的市场准入与监管机制,包括相关法规政策依据、审批流程及标准要求。欧盟的审批流程相对严谨,对产品的安全性评估更为全面,但审批时间较长;美国的准入制度较为灵活,三种多元化的准入途径,但对于“一般公认安全”(Generally Recognized as Safe,GRAS)物质的认定存在一定的主观性;日本的法规较为完善,兼顾社会伦理与市场实际,形成了一套严谨且灵活的体系。近年来,中国在生物制造饲料原料或者添加剂市场准入与监管方面,规范了审批流程和标准,缩短了审批周期,但在产品评价方法、评价程序等方面仍存在一些问题。本文针对性地提出了优化建议,旨在助力生物制造在饲料养殖行业的高质量发展。
基金supported d by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1802905).
文摘Two strains of Fe/Mn oxidizing bacteria tolerant to high concentrations of multiple heavy metal(loid)s and efficient decontamination for them were screened.The surface of the bio-Fe/Mn oxides produced by the oxidation of Fe(II)and Mn(II)by Pseudomonas taiwanensis(marked as P4)and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida(marked as G1)contains rich reactive oxygen functional groups,which play critical roles in the removal efficiency and immobilization of heavymetal(loid)s in co-contamination system.The isolated strains P4 and G1 can growwell in the following environments:pH 5-9,NaCl 0-4%,and temperature 20-30℃.The removal efficiencies of Fe,Pb,As,Zn,Cd,Cu,and Mn are effective after inoculation of the strains P4 and G1 in the simulated water system(the initial concentrations of heavy metal(loid)were 1 mg/L),approximately reaching 96%,92%,85%,67%,70%,54%and 15%,respectively.The exchangeable and carbonate bound As,Cd,Pb and Cu are more inclined to convert to the Fe-Mn oxide bound fractions in P4 and G1 treated soil,thereby reducing the phytoavailability and bioaccessible of heavy metal(loid)s.This research provides alternatives method to treat water and soil containing high concentrations of multi-heavy metal(loid)s.
