Background:Disorders of metabolism can affect the food intake,weight changes,and behavioral alterations of the body.Metabolic disorders are usually accompanied by the occurrence of diseases.We aimed to study the effec...Background:Disorders of metabolism can affect the food intake,weight changes,and behavioral alterations of the body.Metabolic disorders are usually accompanied by the occurrence of diseases.We aimed to study the effects of the compatibility of Paeoniae Radix Rubra(PRR)and Angelicae Sinensis Radix(ASR)on the metabolic level of rats,and observe the changes in body weight and behavior.Discover the mechanism of preventing the occurrence of diseases by using PRR and ASR.Methods:Two animal models were induced by levothyroxine and low-temperature stimulation,followed by 21 days of edible traditional Chinese medicine administration.The changes in the rats’water intake,food intake,body temperature,and thermotactic behavior were recorded.Results:The results showed that PRR could cause an increase in the body weight of rats,a decrease in body temperature,and a stronger preference for warm environments.PRR inhibited thyroid function,the excitability of the nervous system,and energy metabolism.PRR upregulated the expressions of mTOR and TRPM8 while downregulating the expressions of AMPK and TRPV1.Conclusion:Our research findings suggest that the cold-natured PRR can inhibit the material and energy metabolism of the body and lower the body temperature,increasing the thermophilic behavior of rats.In contrast,ASR exhibited an antagonistic effect against PRR.展开更多
The seeds of tested Angelica sinensis （Oliy.）Diels were purchased from the planting base of Hebsi Anguo Traditional Chinese Medicine Market. With the root tips of germinated Angelica sinensis seeds treated with GA3...The seeds of tested Angelica sinensis （Oliy.）Diels were purchased from the planting base of Hebsi Anguo Traditional Chinese Medicine Market. With the root tips of germinated Angelica sinensis seeds treated with GA3 as materials, karyotype analysis was performed by photomicrographic technology and conventional chromosome preparation method. The results showed that the chromosome number of A. sinensis was 2 n=2.2, which accords with previous studies; and no satellites were observed, and the chromosome karyotype was 2A, with the asymmetrical karyotype coefficient （AS.K%） of 54：85%. The total length of the chromosomes was 113.4 pro, and total volume of chromosomes was 83.21 μm3.展开更多
The number and karyotype of Miscanthus sinensis chromosome was researched with root tip squash method. The formula for karyotype is 2n =2x=48 =26m ＋16Sm ＋6St and belonged to the type of 2C. The number of Miscanthus ...The number and karyotype of Miscanthus sinensis chromosome was researched with root tip squash method. The formula for karyotype is 2n =2x=48 =26m ＋16Sm ＋6St and belonged to the type of 2C. The number of Miscanthus sinensis chromosome is 2n=48. The basic number of chromosome is x=24.展开更多
Objective:Angelica sinensis,a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,boasts rich history and diverse pharmacological effects,influencing the hematopoietic system,circulatory system,and immune system.This study conducted ...Objective:Angelica sinensis,a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,boasts rich history and diverse pharmacological effects,influencing the hematopoietic system,circulatory system,and immune system.This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of angelica sinensis literature over the past 15 years to identify research hotspots and gaps.Methods:Utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC),data was analyzed through VOSviewer and Excel,with polynomial regression assessing annual publication trends.Through co-citation analysis,keyword co-occurrence and bibliographic coupling,this study uncovered distinct knowledge structures and dynamics within agelica research,offering profound understanding of current research priorities and trends.Results:The study revealed a significant annual increase in publications on angelica sinensis.Over the past 15 years,1,588 articles by 7,960 authors from 53 countries and 1,355 organizations have been published.China demonstrated notable productivity and influence in this field.Angelica polysaccharide and Z-ligustilide emerged as the most studied active ingredients.Angelica sinensis demonstrated protective effects against apoptosis and oxidative stress-induced cell damage,with its anti-inflammatory properties becoming a focal point of recent research.The classical prescription“Danggui Buxue decoction”was extensively studied for its hematopoietic,anti-tumor effects,and ability to stabilize human iron balance and ameliorate depression.Furthermore,research on angelica sinensis has spanned multiple disciplinary areas,including pharmacology,medicinal chemistry,complementary medicine and plant sciences.Conclusions:As a pivotal gynecological drug,angelica sinensis has been the focus of extensive research endeavors over the past 15 years,yielding comprehensive fundamental studies and diverse clinical applications in hematopoiesis,immunity,and other related fields.展开更多
Angelica sinensis(A.sinensis),as a kind of Chinese medicine,has the effects of tonifying blood,promoting blood circulation,regulating menstrual flow,relieving pain,moistening bowel and so on.By consulting Sciencedirec...Angelica sinensis(A.sinensis),as a kind of Chinese medicine,has the effects of tonifying blood,promoting blood circulation,regulating menstrual flow,relieving pain,moistening bowel and so on.By consulting Sciencedirect database and Web of Science database,163 related articles were found,of which 36 were related to chemical composition and pharmacological activities of A.sinensis.In this paper,the chemical structures and different derivatives were systematically summarized by reviewing relevant literatures,and the pharmacological effects were also summarized.展开更多
Angelica sinensis,a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb with the unique property of being both a medicine and an edible plant,has been widely used for promoting blood circulation,modulating immunity,and reli...Angelica sinensis,a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb with the unique property of being both a medicine and an edible plant,has been widely used for promoting blood circulation,modulating immunity,and relieving pain.This review comprehensively investigates the extraction methods,structural characteristics,and biological activities of its primary bioactive components,such as polysaccharides,volatile oils,organic acids,and flavonoids.The biosynthesis pathways of these compounds,along with the key enzymes and transcription factors involved,are investigated to understand the factors influencing their synthesis and accumulation.Additionally,the biological activities of A.sinensis,including hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,immunemodulatory,anti-tumor,circulatory benefits,and neuroprotection,along with their underlying mechanisms are introduced.These findings provide a solid foundation for the development of A.sinensis as a valuable resource in functional foods and pharmaceutical products.展开更多
As a traditional medicinal and edible herb,Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)exhibits pharmacological activities closely associated with its characteristic chemical components,such as volatile oils(e.g.,ligustilide),or...As a traditional medicinal and edible herb,Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)exhibits pharmacological activities closely associated with its characteristic chemical components,such as volatile oils(e.g.,ligustilide),organic acids(e.g.,ferulic acid),and polysaccharides.It demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological effects,including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection,neuroprotective functions,blood glucose regulation,antitumor activity,and hematopoietic promotion.Clinically,Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)is often combined with other Chinese herbs to treat immune-related disorders,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,neurodegenerative conditions,diabetes,and cancer.Although existing studies have identified some active components,the mechanisms and pharmacological roles of many others remain underexplored.Future research should focus on systematically analyzing diverse active constituents such as flavonoids,coumarins,amino acids,bioactive peptides,trace elements,and vitamins.Integrating multiomics and molecular docking technologies will help elucidate key targets and molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory effects,thereby facilitating the development of precise therapies based on multicomponent synergy.Additionally,in-depth investigation of herb-pairing effects and establishment of scientific quality control standards are essential to expand clinical applications and enhance the medicinal value of this traditional herb.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate current evidence on the efficacy and safety of Cordyceps sinensis(cordyceps)or its fermented products used as an adjunctive treatment in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.METHODS: The...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate current evidence on the efficacy and safety of Cordyceps sinensis(cordyceps)or its fermented products used as an adjunctive treatment in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.METHODS: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL), EMBASE, MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and Wanfang Database were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials up to March 2016. Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion,extracted data, assessed the methodological quality and rated the quality of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.RESULTS: Twelve studies involving 655 participants were included. Evidence of low to moderate-quality showed that cordyceps plus conventional treatment compared to conventional treatment alone significantly improved C-reactive protein [standardized mean difference(SMD)-0.61; 95% confi-dence intervals(CI)-1.00 to-0.22], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [weighted mean difference(WMD)-3.44 mg/L; 95% CI-3.89 to-2.99], serum albumin(WMD 3.07 g/L; 95% CI 1.59 to 4.55),malondialdehyde(WMD-1.95 nmol/L; 95% CI-2.24 to-1.66), and hemoglobin(WMD 9.56 g/L;95% CI 3.65 to 15.47) levels. However, there was no significant improvement for serum creatinine and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Overall, most trials either did not monitor adverse events or poorly documented them.CONCLUSION: Given the small number of trials included, the unclear methodological quality of the included trials, and the high heterogeneity in pooled analyses, the evidence obtained in this review is insufficient to recommend the use of cordyceps as adjunctive treatment in hemodialysis patients.展开更多
Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Danggui in Chinese, is an important traditional Chinese medicine derived from the roots ofAngelica sinensis （Oliv.） Diels. HPLC-ESI-MSn was applied to analyze the chemical constituents in t...Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Danggui in Chinese, is an important traditional Chinese medicine derived from the roots ofAngelica sinensis （Oliv.） Diels. HPLC-ESI-MSn was applied to analyze the chemical constituents in the methanol extract ofDanggui. A total of 24 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized based on their UV and mass spectra, containing11 phenolic compounds, 12 phthalides and 1 amino acid. Three dicaffeoylquinic acids, 5-feruoylquinic acid and ferulic acidhexoside were detected in A. sinensis for the first time. According to Chinese medicine theories, the three parts of Danggui（Guitou, Guishen, Guiwei） have different therapeutic effects and their substantial evidence has not been clearly elucidatedyet. In the present study, the chemical compositions of different parts of Danggui were investigated by using the establishedHPLC method. The result indicated that the content of tryptophan was getting lower and the contents of low polarity constituentslike phthalides trended to get higher from Guitou to Guiwei. This might partly explain the therapeutic effects of differentparts of Danggui.展开更多
Aim A reliable and rapid HPLC method was developed for quantitative determination of coniferyl femlate, an ester of ferulic acid, with multiple pharmacological activities in Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong...Aim A reliable and rapid HPLC method was developed for quantitative determination of coniferyl femlate, an ester of ferulic acid, with multiple pharmacological activities in Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong, two commonly used Chinese medicines. Methods The determination was achieved by using a Zorbax ODS C18 analytical column （250 mm×4.6 mm ID, 5 μm） at isocratic elution of 1% aqueous acetic acid and acetonitrile （1：1） with diode-array detection （318 nm）. The calibration curve of coniferyl femlate showed good linearity （r^2 = 0.9995） within the test range. Results The developed method showed good precision with intra- and inter-day variations of 0.22% - 1.16% and 0.86% - 2.62% between the levels of 0.380 - 0.038 mg·mL^-1, respectively. The repeatability represented as RSD of coniferyl femlate was less than 2.7% for three levels （0.2 - 1.0 g of Angelica sinensis）, and the recovery was 105.3% with RSD of 3.2%. Conclusion The validated method was successfully applied to quantify coniferyl femlate in 12 samples of Danggui and Chuanxiong.展开更多
Aim To investigate the active constituents responsible for thepharmacological activities of Angelica sinensis (Oliv) Diels. Methods Chromatography was used toisolate chemical components, and spectroscopy was used to i...Aim To investigate the active constituents responsible for thepharmacological activities of Angelica sinensis (Oliv) Diels. Methods Chromatography was used toisolate chemical components, and spectroscopy was used to identify their structures. Results Sevencompounds were isolated and their structures were identified as ferulic acid (1), conife-rylferukte(2) , bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (3), dibutyl phthalate (4), lignoceric acid (5), palmitic acid(6), and Z-6, 7-cis-dihydroxyligustilide (7) Conclusion Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutylphthalate were obtained from Angelica sinensis for the first time.展开更多
To investigate the therapeutic effects of angelica sinensis polysaccharide-iron complex （APIC） on hemolytic anemia and bone marrow injury in mice models. The hemolytic anemia mouse model was established by i.p. of p...To investigate the therapeutic effects of angelica sinensis polysaccharide-iron complex （APIC） on hemolytic anemia and bone marrow injury in mice models. The hemolytic anemia mouse model was established by i.p. of phenylhydrazine （PHZ）. Changes of the indices including red blood cell count （RBC）, hemoglobin （Hb） and hematocrit （HCT） were determined by blood analyzer, and reticulocytes were observed by brilliant cresol blue staining during administration. Bone marrow injured mouse model was established by i.p. of cytoxan （CY） and chloramphenicol （CH）, and the therapeutic effect was observed by H-E staining. The indices of APIC treated groups with the medium and high doses were higher than those of the model group significantly. Moreover, the Hb and HCT were restored to the normal level after drug treatments. In addition, APIC can promote the proliferation and differentiation of reticulocytes obviously in the early stage of anemia mice, decrease adipose cell proliferation in bone marrow of injured mice and hasten the recuperation. In conclusion, APIC has therapeutic efficacy on hemolytic anemia and bone marrow injury caused by chemicals, which is reported for the first time.展开更多
The phytochemical progress on Angelica sinensis(Oliv.) Diels over the past decades is summarized. Since 1970 s, 165 chemical constituents, including phthalides, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and essential oils, aromati...The phytochemical progress on Angelica sinensis(Oliv.) Diels over the past decades is summarized. Since 1970 s, 165 chemical constituents, including phthalides, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and essential oils, aromatic compounds, alkaloids, alkynes, sterols, fatty acids, and polysaccharides have been isolated or detected from the various parts of the title plant.展开更多
Angelica sinensis has antioxidative and neuroprotective effects. In the present study, we aimed to determine the neuroprotective effect of polysaccharides isolated from Angelica sinensis. In a pre-liminary experiment,...Angelica sinensis has antioxidative and neuroprotective effects. In the present study, we aimed to determine the neuroprotective effect of polysaccharides isolated from Angelica sinensis. In a pre-liminary experiment, Angelica sinensis polysaccharides not only protected PC12 neuronal cells from H202-induced cytotoxicity, but also reduced apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential induced by H202 treatment. In a rat model of local cerebral ischemia, we further demonstrated that Angelica sinensis poly-saccharides enhanced the antioxidant activity in cerebral cortical neurons, increased the number of microvessels, and improved blood flow after ischemia. Our findings highlight the protective role of polysaccharides isolated from Angelica sinensis against nerve cell injury and impairment caused by oxidative stress.展开更多
The antinlammatory and antianemic activities of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide(ASP)isolated from roots of Angelica sinensis(AS)was investigated in a complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA)-induced arthritic rat model.It...The antinlammatory and antianemic activities of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide(ASP)isolated from roots of Angelica sinensis(AS)was investigated in a complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA)-induced arthritic rat model.It was observed that serum iron(SI)and total iron binding capacity(TIBC)levels were elevated after 4-week oral administration of ASP.Red blood cell(RBC)count and hemoglobin(Hb)concentrations were ameliorated as well.Moreover,infammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-a were decreased strikingly in CFA-induced arthritic rats after treatment of ASP.Evidence also showed that ASP strongly inhibited hepcidin expression through the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription(JAK2/STAT3)pathway.Furthermore,ASP exhibited reduced primary and secondary lesions in adjuvant arthritis,attenuating synovitis and inflammatory joint damage.Data presented in this article collectively indicated that ASP significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokines(TNF-a,IL-6),which might play a crucial role in the CFA-induced arthritic rats,and had a therapeutic effect on adjuvant arthritis in rats.Results of Western blot analysis indicated that ASP inhibited the activation of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in the CFA-induced arthritic rats.展开更多
BACKGROUND： The enhanced expression of c-Fos protein in nerve cells after hypoxia is the marker for converting extracellular hypoxia information to intracellular changes at hypoxia, and it is suspected that the incre...BACKGROUND： The enhanced expression of c-Fos protein in nerve cells after hypoxia is the marker for converting extracellular hypoxia information to intracellular changes at hypoxia, and it is suspected that the increase of c-Fos protein can lead to the synthesis and excretion of related neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor. However, it is still unclear what functional changes of nerve cells are induced by the increase of c-Fos protein at hypoxia, and whether it is good for the survival of damaged neurons. OBJECTIVE： To observe the expression of c-Fos in the cerebral neurons from embryos of rats with hypoxia in uterus, and investigate the pathway for the protective effect of Angelica sinensis injection on the cerebral neurons from rat embryos under hypoxia. DESIGN： A completely randomized controlled study. SETTING： Department of Histology and Embryology, Luzhou Medical College. MATERIALS： Twelve female Wistar rats in oestrum and 1 male adult Wistar rat with body mass of 220 to 250 g were selected. Rabbit-anti-rat neuro-specific enolase （NSE） and rabbit-anti-rat c-Fos were purchased from Wuhan Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd.; Double-staining kit was bought from Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Angelica sinensis injection was produced by the Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Medical University. METHODS： The experiments were completed in the experimental animal center and the Department of Histology and Embryology of Luzhou Medical College from December 2004 to December 2005. ①Twelve adult female Wistar rats in oestrum and 1 male Wistar rat were housed in one rearing cage. The appearance of vaginal embolus at 8：00 in the next morning was recorded as 0 day of pregnancy and the rats were recorded for 15 days, and they were divided randomly into three groups, control group （n =4）, hypoxia group （n =4） and Angelica group （n =4）. The pregnant rats in the hypoxia group were firstly injected with saline （8 mL/kg）, then put into 2 L wide-mouthed bottle containing 100 g sodalime, and then the lid of the bottle was closed tightly to induce hypotonic hypoxia for 1 hour followed by 1-hour re-oxygenation. The pregnant rats were killed under anesthesia, and then fetuses were taken out by rapid cesarean. Part of the brain tissues were exposed and then fixed in formaldehyde （40 g/L）. The pregnant rats in the Angelica group were treated the same as those in the hypoxia group except that saline was replaced by 250 g/L Angelica sinensis injection which was injected via caudal vein （8 mL/kg）. The rats in the control group were injected with saline （8 mL/kg） slowly via caudal vein, but not put into the wide-mouthed bottle for hypoxia, and then the brain tissues were removed and fixed as those in the hypoxia group after 1 hour. ②Twenty embryos from rats were chosen randomly in each group and then routinely embedded in paraffin. Paraffin sections of 4 μ m thick were prepared through the anterior fontanelle of head of the fetal rats. The sections were immunohistologically stained with c-Fos/NSE. ③The one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used to compare the differences of measurement data among the groups, and the q test was applied in the two-two comparison. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The numbers of c-Fos and c-Fos/NSE positive neurons in cerebrum from rat embryos were observed. RESULTS： ① Numbers of NSE positive neurons in cerebrum of rat embryos in the control group, hypoxia group and Angelica group were （84.3 ±9.0）, （90.2±12.5） and （86.7±9.7） cells/high power field （P 〉 0.05）. ②The number of c-Fos/NSE positive neurons was more in the hypoxia group than in the control group and Angelica group [（38.4±5.28）, （11.35±2.67）, （20.65±4.07） cells/high power field, q =29.17, 19.14, P 〈 0.05]. CONCLUSION： Hypoxia can stimulate the expression of c-Fos in cerebral neurons from rat embryos. Angelica sinensis injection could reducing the damage of hypoxia to neurons and play a neuroprotective role by decreasing the expression of c-Fos protein in hypoxic neurons.展开更多
The present study aimed at exploring different roles of the same compound in different environment, using preparative HPLC, and the significance to investigating bio-active constituents in traditional Chinese medicine...The present study aimed at exploring different roles of the same compound in different environment, using preparative HPLC, and the significance to investigating bio-active constituents in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） on the basis of holism. In this study, the depletion of target component ferulic acid （FA） by using preparative HPLC followed by antioxidant activity testing was applied to investigate the roles of FA in Angelicae Sinansis Radix （DG）, Chuanxiong Rhizoma （CX） and their combination （GX）. The antioxidant activity was performed by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical-scavenging activity testing. FA was successfully and exclusively depleted from DG, CX, and GX, respectively. By comparing the effects of the samples, it was found that FA was one of the main antioxidant constituents in DG, CX and GX, and the roles of FA were DG 〉 CX 〉 GX. Furthermore, the effects of FA varied at different doses in these herbs. This study provided a reliable and effective approach to clarifying the contribution of same compound in different TCMs to their bio-activities. The role of a constituent in different TCMs might be different, and a component with the same content might have different effects in different chemical environments. Furthermore, this study also suggested the potential utilization of preparative HPLC in the characterization of the roles of multi-ingredients in TCM.展开更多
Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with chemometric resolution upon two- dimensional data was employed to analyze the constituents of essential oils of Angelica sinensis. Constituents in essential oil...Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with chemometric resolution upon two- dimensional data was employed to analyze the constituents of essential oils of Angelica sinensis. Constituents in essential oils of Angelica sinensis root were identified by GC-MS with the help of subwindow factor analysis (SFA) method resolving two-dimensional original data into mass spectra and chromatograms. 76 of 97 separated constituents in essential oil of Angelica sinensis root were identified and quantified, and they account for about 91.36% of the total content. The results show that ligustilide, butylene phthalide, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, carvacrol, allo-ocimene,2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo-[3,1,1]hept-2-ene are the main constituents in essential oil of Angelica sinensis root.展开更多
Angelica sinensis polysaccharide（ASP） was extracted from Angelica sinensis by boiling water. An Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-iron complex（APC） was prepared under the alkaline condition by adding a ferric chlor...Angelica sinensis polysaccharide（ASP） was extracted from Angelica sinensis by boiling water. An Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-iron complex（APC） was prepared under the alkaline condition by adding a ferric chloride solution to the ASP solution. Then some identifiable properties of the complex were studied. The content of iron（ Ⅲ ） in the complex was determined with iodometry. The thermal property, the microscopic structure, the spectral characteristics, and N, C, H contents of the complex were examined by a variety of techniques including DSC, TEM, IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. The content of iron（ Ⅲ ） in the complex ranges from 10% to 40%. The DSC result shows that the melting point of the complex is about 450 ℃. The TEM result shows that the complex has an iron（ Ⅲ ） core（β-FeOOH core） linked by hydroxy and oxy bridges, with the polysaccharide chains attached to the surface of the core. The IR and NMR results also show that there is a β-FeOOH core in the complex. The elemental analysis shows that the contents of N, C, H in the complex are, respectively, lower than those of N, C, H in ASP. All our studies indicate that the APC consists of a β-FeOOH core surrounded by ASP.展开更多
This study aimed at determining the effects of Angelica sinensis(AS) on urinary metabolites in blood deficiency mice and exploring its replenishing blood mechanism. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was app...This study aimed at determining the effects of Angelica sinensis(AS) on urinary metabolites in blood deficiency mice and exploring its replenishing blood mechanism. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was applied to detect metabolites in the urine samples in different collection periods. Principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were used to investigate the differences in metabolic profiles among control group(CG), blood deficiency model group(MG), AS groups, and Colla Corii Asini group(CCAG). The potential biomarkers were identified based on the variable importance in the projection(VIP), T-test, and National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) and mass spectra library. The metabolites were analyzed using metabolomics pathway analysis(Met PA) to build the metabolic pathways. Our results indicated that, on the seventh day, the levels of glucose, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, alanine, acetoacetic acid, and citric acid changed significantly in blood deficiency mice. However, these metabolic deviations came to closer to normal levels after AS intervention. The reversing blood-deficiency mechanism of AS might involve regulating synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, Pyruvate metabolism, TCA cycle, and Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis. In conclusion, metabonomics is a robust and promising means for the identification of biomarkers and elucidation of the mechanisms of a disease, thereby highlighting its importance in drug discovery.展开更多
基金the preparation of this manuscript.This study was supported by the General Projects-Youth project(2022JQ-817)the Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research Open Project(KF202303)+1 种基金the Research on process optimization and quality standard enhancement of five large varieties,including Four Seasons Antiviral Combination(2024CY-JJQ-36)the Shaanxi provincial science and technology department project(2025JC-YBMS-1033).
文摘Background:Disorders of metabolism can affect the food intake,weight changes,and behavioral alterations of the body.Metabolic disorders are usually accompanied by the occurrence of diseases.We aimed to study the effects of the compatibility of Paeoniae Radix Rubra(PRR)and Angelicae Sinensis Radix(ASR)on the metabolic level of rats,and observe the changes in body weight and behavior.Discover the mechanism of preventing the occurrence of diseases by using PRR and ASR.Methods:Two animal models were induced by levothyroxine and low-temperature stimulation,followed by 21 days of edible traditional Chinese medicine administration.The changes in the rats’water intake,food intake,body temperature,and thermotactic behavior were recorded.Results:The results showed that PRR could cause an increase in the body weight of rats,a decrease in body temperature,and a stronger preference for warm environments.PRR inhibited thyroid function,the excitability of the nervous system,and energy metabolism.PRR upregulated the expressions of mTOR and TRPM8 while downregulating the expressions of AMPK and TRPV1.Conclusion:Our research findings suggest that the cold-natured PRR can inhibit the material and energy metabolism of the body and lower the body temperature,increasing the thermophilic behavior of rats.In contrast,ASR exhibited an antagonistic effect against PRR.
基金Supported by Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Project(16KPXMSF00160,16PTZSTG00020)~~
文摘The seeds of tested Angelica sinensis （Oliy.）Diels were purchased from the planting base of Hebsi Anguo Traditional Chinese Medicine Market. With the root tips of germinated Angelica sinensis seeds treated with GA3 as materials, karyotype analysis was performed by photomicrographic technology and conventional chromosome preparation method. The results showed that the chromosome number of A. sinensis was 2 n=2.2, which accords with previous studies; and no satellites were observed, and the chromosome karyotype was 2A, with the asymmetrical karyotype coefficient （AS.K%） of 54：85%. The total length of the chromosomes was 113.4 pro, and total volume of chromosomes was 83.21 μm3.
文摘The number and karyotype of Miscanthus sinensis chromosome was researched with root tip squash method. The formula for karyotype is 2n =2x=48 =26m ＋16Sm ＋6St and belonged to the type of 2C. The number of Miscanthus sinensis chromosome is 2n=48. The basic number of chromosome is x=24.
基金supported by the Research Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82474614)Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(No.2023JKZDZC06 and No.2023FSYYZQ07)Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory Project(No.2012E10002).
文摘Objective:Angelica sinensis,a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,boasts rich history and diverse pharmacological effects,influencing the hematopoietic system,circulatory system,and immune system.This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of angelica sinensis literature over the past 15 years to identify research hotspots and gaps.Methods:Utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC),data was analyzed through VOSviewer and Excel,with polynomial regression assessing annual publication trends.Through co-citation analysis,keyword co-occurrence and bibliographic coupling,this study uncovered distinct knowledge structures and dynamics within agelica research,offering profound understanding of current research priorities and trends.Results:The study revealed a significant annual increase in publications on angelica sinensis.Over the past 15 years,1,588 articles by 7,960 authors from 53 countries and 1,355 organizations have been published.China demonstrated notable productivity and influence in this field.Angelica polysaccharide and Z-ligustilide emerged as the most studied active ingredients.Angelica sinensis demonstrated protective effects against apoptosis and oxidative stress-induced cell damage,with its anti-inflammatory properties becoming a focal point of recent research.The classical prescription“Danggui Buxue decoction”was extensively studied for its hematopoietic,anti-tumor effects,and ability to stabilize human iron balance and ameliorate depression.Furthermore,research on angelica sinensis has spanned multiple disciplinary areas,including pharmacology,medicinal chemistry,complementary medicine and plant sciences.Conclusions:As a pivotal gynecological drug,angelica sinensis has been the focus of extensive research endeavors over the past 15 years,yielding comprehensive fundamental studies and diverse clinical applications in hematopoiesis,immunity,and other related fields.
基金financially supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(81973284)Scientific Research Foundation of the Education Department of Liaoning Province(LJKZ0944).
文摘Angelica sinensis(A.sinensis),as a kind of Chinese medicine,has the effects of tonifying blood,promoting blood circulation,regulating menstrual flow,relieving pain,moistening bowel and so on.By consulting Sciencedirect database and Web of Science database,163 related articles were found,of which 36 were related to chemical composition and pharmacological activities of A.sinensis.In this paper,the chemical structures and different derivatives were systematically summarized by reviewing relevant literatures,and the pharmacological effects were also summarized.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100301,2023YFF1104403)Key R&D Project of Henan Province(231111112100)。
文摘Angelica sinensis,a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb with the unique property of being both a medicine and an edible plant,has been widely used for promoting blood circulation,modulating immunity,and relieving pain.This review comprehensively investigates the extraction methods,structural characteristics,and biological activities of its primary bioactive components,such as polysaccharides,volatile oils,organic acids,and flavonoids.The biosynthesis pathways of these compounds,along with the key enzymes and transcription factors involved,are investigated to understand the factors influencing their synthesis and accumulation.Additionally,the biological activities of A.sinensis,including hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,immunemodulatory,anti-tumor,circulatory benefits,and neuroprotection,along with their underlying mechanisms are introduced.These findings provide a solid foundation for the development of A.sinensis as a valuable resource in functional foods and pharmaceutical products.
基金Key Scientific Research Projects of Henan Higher Education Institutions(21A320018).
文摘As a traditional medicinal and edible herb,Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)exhibits pharmacological activities closely associated with its characteristic chemical components,such as volatile oils(e.g.,ligustilide),organic acids(e.g.,ferulic acid),and polysaccharides.It demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological effects,including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection,neuroprotective functions,blood glucose regulation,antitumor activity,and hematopoietic promotion.Clinically,Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)is often combined with other Chinese herbs to treat immune-related disorders,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,neurodegenerative conditions,diabetes,and cancer.Although existing studies have identified some active components,the mechanisms and pharmacological roles of many others remain underexplored.Future research should focus on systematically analyzing diverse active constituents such as flavonoids,coumarins,amino acids,bioactive peptides,trace elements,and vitamins.Integrating multiomics and molecular docking technologies will help elucidate key targets and molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory effects,thereby facilitating the development of precise therapies based on multicomponent synergy.Additionally,in-depth investigation of herb-pairing effects and establishment of scientific quality control standards are essential to expand clinical applications and enhance the medicinal value of this traditional herb.
基金Postgraduate Research Grant(No.PG130-2016A)of Institute of Research Management and Monitoring,University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate current evidence on the efficacy and safety of Cordyceps sinensis(cordyceps)or its fermented products used as an adjunctive treatment in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.METHODS: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL), EMBASE, MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and Wanfang Database were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials up to March 2016. Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion,extracted data, assessed the methodological quality and rated the quality of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.RESULTS: Twelve studies involving 655 participants were included. Evidence of low to moderate-quality showed that cordyceps plus conventional treatment compared to conventional treatment alone significantly improved C-reactive protein [standardized mean difference(SMD)-0.61; 95% confi-dence intervals(CI)-1.00 to-0.22], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [weighted mean difference(WMD)-3.44 mg/L; 95% CI-3.89 to-2.99], serum albumin(WMD 3.07 g/L; 95% CI 1.59 to 4.55),malondialdehyde(WMD-1.95 nmol/L; 95% CI-2.24 to-1.66), and hemoglobin(WMD 9.56 g/L;95% CI 3.65 to 15.47) levels. However, there was no significant improvement for serum creatinine and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Overall, most trials either did not monitor adverse events or poorly documented them.CONCLUSION: Given the small number of trials included, the unclear methodological quality of the included trials, and the high heterogeneity in pooled analyses, the evidence obtained in this review is insufficient to recommend the use of cordyceps as adjunctive treatment in hemodialysis patients.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2006CB504700)
文摘Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Danggui in Chinese, is an important traditional Chinese medicine derived from the roots ofAngelica sinensis （Oliv.） Diels. HPLC-ESI-MSn was applied to analyze the chemical constituents in the methanol extract ofDanggui. A total of 24 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized based on their UV and mass spectra, containing11 phenolic compounds, 12 phthalides and 1 amino acid. Three dicaffeoylquinic acids, 5-feruoylquinic acid and ferulic acidhexoside were detected in A. sinensis for the first time. According to Chinese medicine theories, the three parts of Danggui（Guitou, Guishen, Guiwei） have different therapeutic effects and their substantial evidence has not been clearly elucidatedyet. In the present study, the chemical compositions of different parts of Danggui were investigated by using the establishedHPLC method. The result indicated that the content of tryptophan was getting lower and the contents of low polarity constituentslike phthalides trended to get higher from Guitou to Guiwei. This might partly explain the therapeutic effects of differentparts of Danggui.
基金Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(049/2005/A-R1) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for TCM FormulaeResearch, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No.022021014003).
文摘Aim A reliable and rapid HPLC method was developed for quantitative determination of coniferyl femlate, an ester of ferulic acid, with multiple pharmacological activities in Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong, two commonly used Chinese medicines. Methods The determination was achieved by using a Zorbax ODS C18 analytical column （250 mm×4.6 mm ID, 5 μm） at isocratic elution of 1% aqueous acetic acid and acetonitrile （1：1） with diode-array detection （318 nm）. The calibration curve of coniferyl femlate showed good linearity （r^2 = 0.9995） within the test range. Results The developed method showed good precision with intra- and inter-day variations of 0.22% - 1.16% and 0.86% - 2.62% between the levels of 0.380 - 0.038 mg·mL^-1, respectively. The repeatability represented as RSD of coniferyl femlate was less than 2.7% for three levels （0.2 - 1.0 g of Angelica sinensis）, and the recovery was 105.3% with RSD of 3.2%. Conclusion The validated method was successfully applied to quantify coniferyl femlate in 12 samples of Danggui and Chuanxiong.
文摘Aim To investigate the active constituents responsible for thepharmacological activities of Angelica sinensis (Oliv) Diels. Methods Chromatography was used toisolate chemical components, and spectroscopy was used to identify their structures. Results Sevencompounds were isolated and their structures were identified as ferulic acid (1), conife-rylferukte(2) , bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (3), dibutyl phthalate (4), lignoceric acid (5), palmitic acid(6), and Z-6, 7-cis-dihydroxyligustilide (7) Conclusion Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutylphthalate were obtained from Angelica sinensis for the first time.
基金Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province(Grant No.2005AA301C04)
文摘To investigate the therapeutic effects of angelica sinensis polysaccharide-iron complex （APIC） on hemolytic anemia and bone marrow injury in mice models. The hemolytic anemia mouse model was established by i.p. of phenylhydrazine （PHZ）. Changes of the indices including red blood cell count （RBC）, hemoglobin （Hb） and hematocrit （HCT） were determined by blood analyzer, and reticulocytes were observed by brilliant cresol blue staining during administration. Bone marrow injured mouse model was established by i.p. of cytoxan （CY） and chloramphenicol （CH）, and the therapeutic effect was observed by H-E staining. The indices of APIC treated groups with the medium and high doses were higher than those of the model group significantly. Moreover, the Hb and HCT were restored to the normal level after drug treatments. In addition, APIC can promote the proliferation and differentiation of reticulocytes obviously in the early stage of anemia mice, decrease adipose cell proliferation in bone marrow of injured mice and hasten the recuperation. In conclusion, APIC has therapeutic efficacy on hemolytic anemia and bone marrow injury caused by chemicals, which is reported for the first time.
基金supported by the National Science & Technology Supporting Program for the 12th Five-year Plan(2011BAI05B02)the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(201210731022)
文摘The phytochemical progress on Angelica sinensis(Oliv.) Diels over the past decades is summarized. Since 1970 s, 165 chemical constituents, including phthalides, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and essential oils, aromatic compounds, alkaloids, alkynes, sterols, fatty acids, and polysaccharides have been isolated or detected from the various parts of the title plant.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81072917 and 81274048
文摘Angelica sinensis has antioxidative and neuroprotective effects. In the present study, we aimed to determine the neuroprotective effect of polysaccharides isolated from Angelica sinensis. In a pre-liminary experiment, Angelica sinensis polysaccharides not only protected PC12 neuronal cells from H202-induced cytotoxicity, but also reduced apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential induced by H202 treatment. In a rat model of local cerebral ischemia, we further demonstrated that Angelica sinensis poly-saccharides enhanced the antioxidant activity in cerebral cortical neurons, increased the number of microvessels, and improved blood flow after ischemia. Our findings highlight the protective role of polysaccharides isolated from Angelica sinensis against nerve cell injury and impairment caused by oxidative stress.
基金This project was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2018CFB488).
文摘The antinlammatory and antianemic activities of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide(ASP)isolated from roots of Angelica sinensis(AS)was investigated in a complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA)-induced arthritic rat model.It was observed that serum iron(SI)and total iron binding capacity(TIBC)levels were elevated after 4-week oral administration of ASP.Red blood cell(RBC)count and hemoglobin(Hb)concentrations were ameliorated as well.Moreover,infammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-a were decreased strikingly in CFA-induced arthritic rats after treatment of ASP.Evidence also showed that ASP strongly inhibited hepcidin expression through the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription(JAK2/STAT3)pathway.Furthermore,ASP exhibited reduced primary and secondary lesions in adjuvant arthritis,attenuating synovitis and inflammatory joint damage.Data presented in this article collectively indicated that ASP significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokines(TNF-a,IL-6),which might play a crucial role in the CFA-induced arthritic rats,and had a therapeutic effect on adjuvant arthritis in rats.Results of Western blot analysis indicated that ASP inhibited the activation of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in the CFA-induced arthritic rats.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Educational Bureau, No. (2001)149-01LA40the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Bureau of Science and Technology, No. (2005)14-05JY029-103
文摘BACKGROUND： The enhanced expression of c-Fos protein in nerve cells after hypoxia is the marker for converting extracellular hypoxia information to intracellular changes at hypoxia, and it is suspected that the increase of c-Fos protein can lead to the synthesis and excretion of related neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor. However, it is still unclear what functional changes of nerve cells are induced by the increase of c-Fos protein at hypoxia, and whether it is good for the survival of damaged neurons. OBJECTIVE： To observe the expression of c-Fos in the cerebral neurons from embryos of rats with hypoxia in uterus, and investigate the pathway for the protective effect of Angelica sinensis injection on the cerebral neurons from rat embryos under hypoxia. DESIGN： A completely randomized controlled study. SETTING： Department of Histology and Embryology, Luzhou Medical College. MATERIALS： Twelve female Wistar rats in oestrum and 1 male adult Wistar rat with body mass of 220 to 250 g were selected. Rabbit-anti-rat neuro-specific enolase （NSE） and rabbit-anti-rat c-Fos were purchased from Wuhan Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd.; Double-staining kit was bought from Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Angelica sinensis injection was produced by the Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Medical University. METHODS： The experiments were completed in the experimental animal center and the Department of Histology and Embryology of Luzhou Medical College from December 2004 to December 2005. ①Twelve adult female Wistar rats in oestrum and 1 male Wistar rat were housed in one rearing cage. The appearance of vaginal embolus at 8：00 in the next morning was recorded as 0 day of pregnancy and the rats were recorded for 15 days, and they were divided randomly into three groups, control group （n =4）, hypoxia group （n =4） and Angelica group （n =4）. The pregnant rats in the hypoxia group were firstly injected with saline （8 mL/kg）, then put into 2 L wide-mouthed bottle containing 100 g sodalime, and then the lid of the bottle was closed tightly to induce hypotonic hypoxia for 1 hour followed by 1-hour re-oxygenation. The pregnant rats were killed under anesthesia, and then fetuses were taken out by rapid cesarean. Part of the brain tissues were exposed and then fixed in formaldehyde （40 g/L）. The pregnant rats in the Angelica group were treated the same as those in the hypoxia group except that saline was replaced by 250 g/L Angelica sinensis injection which was injected via caudal vein （8 mL/kg）. The rats in the control group were injected with saline （8 mL/kg） slowly via caudal vein, but not put into the wide-mouthed bottle for hypoxia, and then the brain tissues were removed and fixed as those in the hypoxia group after 1 hour. ②Twenty embryos from rats were chosen randomly in each group and then routinely embedded in paraffin. Paraffin sections of 4 μ m thick were prepared through the anterior fontanelle of head of the fetal rats. The sections were immunohistologically stained with c-Fos/NSE. ③The one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used to compare the differences of measurement data among the groups, and the q test was applied in the two-two comparison. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The numbers of c-Fos and c-Fos/NSE positive neurons in cerebrum from rat embryos were observed. RESULTS： ① Numbers of NSE positive neurons in cerebrum of rat embryos in the control group, hypoxia group and Angelica group were （84.3 ±9.0）, （90.2±12.5） and （86.7±9.7） cells/high power field （P 〉 0.05）. ②The number of c-Fos/NSE positive neurons was more in the hypoxia group than in the control group and Angelica group [（38.4±5.28）, （11.35±2.67）, （20.65±4.07） cells/high power field, q =29.17, 19.14, P 〈 0.05]. CONCLUSION： Hypoxia can stimulate the expression of c-Fos in cerebral neurons from rat embryos. Angelica sinensis injection could reducing the damage of hypoxia to neurons and play a neuroprotective role by decreasing the expression of c-Fos protein in hypoxic neurons.
基金supported by National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2008BAI51B01)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20113237110010)A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘The present study aimed at exploring different roles of the same compound in different environment, using preparative HPLC, and the significance to investigating bio-active constituents in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） on the basis of holism. In this study, the depletion of target component ferulic acid （FA） by using preparative HPLC followed by antioxidant activity testing was applied to investigate the roles of FA in Angelicae Sinansis Radix （DG）, Chuanxiong Rhizoma （CX） and their combination （GX）. The antioxidant activity was performed by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical-scavenging activity testing. FA was successfully and exclusively depleted from DG, CX, and GX, respectively. By comparing the effects of the samples, it was found that FA was one of the main antioxidant constituents in DG, CX and GX, and the roles of FA were DG 〉 CX 〉 GX. Furthermore, the effects of FA varied at different doses in these herbs. This study provided a reliable and effective approach to clarifying the contribution of same compound in different TCMs to their bio-activities. The role of a constituent in different TCMs might be different, and a component with the same content might have different effects in different chemical environments. Furthermore, this study also suggested the potential utilization of preparative HPLC in the characterization of the roles of multi-ingredients in TCM.
文摘Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with chemometric resolution upon two- dimensional data was employed to analyze the constituents of essential oils of Angelica sinensis. Constituents in essential oils of Angelica sinensis root were identified by GC-MS with the help of subwindow factor analysis (SFA) method resolving two-dimensional original data into mass spectra and chromatograms. 76 of 97 separated constituents in essential oil of Angelica sinensis root were identified and quantified, and they account for about 91.36% of the total content. The results show that ligustilide, butylene phthalide, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, carvacrol, allo-ocimene,2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo-[3,1,1]hept-2-ene are the main constituents in essential oil of Angelica sinensis root.
文摘Angelica sinensis polysaccharide（ASP） was extracted from Angelica sinensis by boiling water. An Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-iron complex（APC） was prepared under the alkaline condition by adding a ferric chloride solution to the ASP solution. Then some identifiable properties of the complex were studied. The content of iron（ Ⅲ ） in the complex was determined with iodometry. The thermal property, the microscopic structure, the spectral characteristics, and N, C, H contents of the complex were examined by a variety of techniques including DSC, TEM, IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. The content of iron（ Ⅲ ） in the complex ranges from 10% to 40%. The DSC result shows that the melting point of the complex is about 450 ℃. The TEM result shows that the complex has an iron（ Ⅲ ） core（β-FeOOH core） linked by hydroxy and oxy bridges, with the polysaccharide chains attached to the surface of the core. The IR and NMR results also show that there is a β-FeOOH core in the complex. The elemental analysis shows that the contents of N, C, H in the complex are, respectively, lower than those of N, C, H in ASP. All our studies indicate that the APC consists of a β-FeOOH core surrounded by ASP.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31272600)
文摘This study aimed at determining the effects of Angelica sinensis(AS) on urinary metabolites in blood deficiency mice and exploring its replenishing blood mechanism. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was applied to detect metabolites in the urine samples in different collection periods. Principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were used to investigate the differences in metabolic profiles among control group(CG), blood deficiency model group(MG), AS groups, and Colla Corii Asini group(CCAG). The potential biomarkers were identified based on the variable importance in the projection(VIP), T-test, and National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) and mass spectra library. The metabolites were analyzed using metabolomics pathway analysis(Met PA) to build the metabolic pathways. Our results indicated that, on the seventh day, the levels of glucose, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, alanine, acetoacetic acid, and citric acid changed significantly in blood deficiency mice. However, these metabolic deviations came to closer to normal levels after AS intervention. The reversing blood-deficiency mechanism of AS might involve regulating synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, Pyruvate metabolism, TCA cycle, and Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis. In conclusion, metabonomics is a robust and promising means for the identification of biomarkers and elucidation of the mechanisms of a disease, thereby highlighting its importance in drug discovery.
